CN1926460A - Laser focusing optical system - Google Patents

Laser focusing optical system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1926460A
CN1926460A CN 200580006672 CN200580006672A CN1926460A CN 1926460 A CN1926460 A CN 1926460A CN 200580006672 CN200580006672 CN 200580006672 CN 200580006672 A CN200580006672 A CN 200580006672A CN 1926460 A CN1926460 A CN 1926460A
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light
lens
laser
optical system
gathering optics
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CN100498411C (en
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江田幸夫
安达贞志
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Corp
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Abstract

A laser focusing optical system is provided with a laser beam source for projecting laser beams; a focusing optical system, which is arranged between the laser beam source and a medium to focus the laser beams in the medium and refocus the beams from the focusing point; a photodetector for detecting the beams refocused by the focusing optical system; and a laser emitting point shifting means, which can shift a position of the laser emitting point of the laser beams and a position of the photodetector, along an optical axis of the laser beams, corresponding to the refraction factor of the medium wherein the laser beams are focused and a distance between the surface of the medium and a focusing point.

Description

Laser focusing optical system
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser focusing optical system with the different piece optically focused of laser in medium.
And, the present invention relates to and can keep changing the optical system of light source position under the constant state of in the pupil plane of optical system quantity of incident light, light quantity distribution.Be particularly related to can be to the degree of depth in the medium preferred optical system of different part optically focused, perhaps, be suitable for changing the optical system of spot position.
The application applies for as the basis with Japanese Patent Application 2004-132994 number with Japanese Patent Application 2004-132996 number, is taken into its content.
Background technology
In the past, though have and under this situation, can cause the generation of spherical aberration to the requirement of the different depth part optically focused in the medium.For example, in biological field, when making the microscope sample, under nearly all situation, generally all be on glass slide, to place test portion, put the sample of slide with cover of cover glass and sealing thereon, when with the different sample of the thickness of microscopic examination cover glass, produce above-mentioned spherical aberration.And, the different glass of thickness is arranged in the glass that LCD uses, spherical aberration also takes place when crossing substrate and observe.And,, then have the problem of optically focused performance change (deterioration) as if amount of spherical aberration difference between different-thickness (degree of depth).
So, all the time,, simultaneously the different part of thickness as described above is carried out optically focused for the correction and the inhibition optically focused changes of properties of carrying out spherical aberration, adopted various technology.
As one of them, for example, the known technology that the front end of the light-gathering optics that the parallel plate glass that thickness is different releasably is configured in object lens etc. is arranged.
And, known for example have microscope with band corrector loop object lens (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1), it in multiplying power is about 40 times, each aberration is proofreaied and correct well in the wide-field scope of numerical aperture NA (Numerical Aperture) 0.93, and the mis-behave that is caused by the variation of cover-glass thickness is also few.
And, the also known optical system (for example, with reference to patent documentation 2) that makes the spherical aberration correction optical system of synthesizing focal length infinity (No Power Lens) move correcting spherical aberration along optical axis direction.
And, shown in figure 32, it is also known for configuration spherical aberration correction camera lens 252 between object lens 250 and light source 251, move the microscopie unit (for example, with reference to patent documentation 3) of correcting spherical aberration along optical axis by making this spherical aberration correction camera lens 252.
Patent documentation 1: Japanese kokai publication hei 5-119263 communique (Fig. 1 etc.)
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2003-175497 communique (Fig. 1 etc.)
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2001-83428 communique (Fig. 1 etc.)
Yet, in above-mentioned spherical aberration correction, utilizing the technology of parallel plate glass, the mis-behave that causes because of inclination of parallel plate glass etc. is big.Therefore, the frame of keeping parallelism flat board is required high precision, and to the fixing precision that also needs of the frame of parallel flat, it is expensive therefore to become.And, in little WD (Work Distance, operating distance), need be by manually changing, this is the operation that spends very much the time.And, be difficult to continuously change.
And, in the corrector loop object lens of in above-mentioned patent documentation 1, putting down in writing, so because high precision price height can not be realized cost degradation.And, be difficult to corresponding to spot position adjust amount of spherical aberration automatically, be difficult to tackle robotization.
And, in above-mentioned patent documentation 2, in the optical system of record, utilize infinitely-great lens to proofread and correct synthetic focal length, though therefore under the situation of having proofreaied and correct spherical aberration spot position do not change yet.If to the different piece optically focused in the medium, then WD must change, and can not carry out aberration correction under the constant condition of WD.And, except that optical beam expander, also need the spherical aberration correction optical system, so complex structure and component count quantitative change are many, are difficult to realize cost degradation.
And, in the microscopie unit of in above-mentioned patent documentation 3, putting down in writing, shown in figure 32, though by spherical aberration correction camera lens 252 is moved along optical axis direction, can carry out the correction of spherical aberration, but follow moving of spherical aberration correction camera lens 252, the beam diameter that incides the light beam of object lens 250 changes.
That is, the width of light beam changes.Therefore, as shown in figure 33, light quantity changes, and the brightness on the sample face changes.At this, when having image acquisition unit, the brightness of its detected image makes the energy variation of light source according to brightness.By brightness being controlled etc., can keep brightness constancy, but have problems such as apparatus structure complicates in image-side.
And during light quantity distribution in having pupil plane, light quantity distribution also may change.Owing to the variation of such light quantity distribution, there is the problem of optically focused performance change.And, come moving sphere aberration correction camera lens according to electric signal from image acquisition unit, so spended time.
On the other hand, when observing, under the situation that the focal position is changed, the general employing, or the structure that optical system self is moved along optical axis direction along the optical axis direction objective table of sample etc. that moved mounting.
But, in the sample on being positioned in objective table, the big sample of 12 inches wafers etc. is arranged, for shift position accurately, device has to maximize.And, when optical system self is moved, be difficult to move accurately.
Summary of the invention
The present invention In view of the foregoing proposes, and its first purpose is, provides with simple structure, can not take the laser focusing optical system that time ground easily carries out spherical aberration correction.
And second purpose of the present invention is, provides with simple structure, makes under the constant state of light quantity distribution maintenance with can not taking the time, easily carries out the optical system of spherical aberration correction.And, except this second purpose, the present invention also aims to, the optical system that can make the spot position change with simple structure is provided.
In order to reach above-mentioned first purpose, the present invention has adopted following means.
That is, laser focusing optical system of the present invention has: LASER Light Source, its shoot laser; Light-gathering optics, it is configured between this LASER Light Source and the medium, with described laser optically focused in medium, and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again; And laser divergence point mobile unit, its corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes described laser focusing and from the surface of described medium to the distance of spot position, the position of the laser divergence point of described laser is moved along the optical axis of described laser.
According to this laser focusing optical system, make from LASER Light Source emitting laser optically focused and carry out optically focused again medium by light-gathering optics from the light of focal point, detect again light behind the optically focused by photodetector.At this moment, laser goes into to inject light-gathering optics with the state (non-parallel beam state) of diverging light.That is, from LASER Light Source with the outgoing of diverging light state, or from LASER Light Source with the outgoing of parallel beam state after, the optical system by various lens etc. is converted to the diverging light state, and goes into to inject light-gathering optics.Like this, be laser beam transformation that the position (point) of diverging light state is as divergence point.And, when making laser focusing, corresponding to make optically focused medium refractive index and from the surface of medium to the distance of spot position, move along the optical axis of laser the position that makes the position of laser divergence point and photodetector by laser divergence point mobile unit, therefore, even make the different position optically focused of the degree of depth of laser in medium, also can do one's utmost to suppress the generating capacity of each locational spherical aberration.Therefore, can with laser efficiently optically focused can realize the raising of optically focused performance at the desired degree of depth place of medium.
And,, therefore, can carry out again optically focused and be observed picture accurately the few light of aberration because can do one's utmost to suppress the generating capacity of spherical aberration.Therefore, can carry out observation in the high-precision medium.
Particularly, only mobile laser divergence point so can not take the time as in the past, can easily carry out spherical aberration correction.And, need not to possess such special optical systems such as corrector loop object lens in the past, can in the simplification of implementation structure, realize cost degradation.And, because mobile laser divergence point only so continuously change easily, is tackled robotization easily.
Also can possess scanning element, this scanning element can scan described laser towards the direction with the light shaft positive cross of described light-gathering optics.
In this case, also laser is scanned by scanning element, therefore need not the move media side can observe in the overall region of medium.
Described laser divergence point mobile unit can come the position of setting laser divergence point according to the wave front data of the described light-gathering optics of measuring in advance.
In this case, laser divergence point mobile unit is considered the wave front data of the light-gathering optics of mensuration in advance, for example, the wave front data of the object lens of the part of formation light-gathering optics or the wave front data of light-gathering optics integral body are come the position of setting laser divergence point, therefore can further improve the optically focused performance of laser and observe performance.
Described laser focusing optical system has viewing optical system, this viewing optical system is arranged to cooperate with described light-gathering optics, the lower surface of light-gathering optics is maintained predetermined distance to the distance on the surface of described medium, and this viewing optical system also can possess automatic focusing detecting unit or autofocus mechanism.
Under this situation, the lower surface (lower surfaces of object lens) of light-gathering optics can be maintained predetermined distance to the distance on the surface of medium by viewing optical system, therefore, for example, the relatively moving of horizontal direction of carrying out between light-gathering optics and the medium, that is, when scanning, the degree of depth apart from dielectric surface can be controlled at the desired degree of depth exactly.
The surface of described light-gathering optics and described medium also can be constant in the relative distance of optical axis direction.
In this case, even the degree of depth of the medium of laser focusing is changed, because the object lens of the part of formation light-gathering optics and the surface of medium are in the relative distance of optical axis direction, promptly, operating distance (WD, Work Distance) be set at constant, so can the simplification device structure and can improve observation speed.
And in order to reach above-mentioned second purpose, the present invention has adopted following device.
That is, the 1st embodiment of optical system of the present invention has: injection unit, and it is with parallel beam state outgoing beam; Light-gathering optics, it is with described beam condenser; The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described light beam between described injection unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this light beam; The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured to be fixed in the described light beam between the 1st lens combination and the described light-gathering optics; And mobile unit, it moves described the 1st lens combination corresponding to the distance of the position of the described beam condenser of distance, and the rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
According to this optical system, with the light beam that the parallel beam state penetrates, after reflecting respectively, go into to inject light-gathering optics by optically focused by the 1st lens combination and the 2nd lens combination by injection unit.At this moment,, the 1st lens combination is moved along optical axis direction, light source position is moved along optical axis direction by mobile unit.That is,, can change from the observed light source position of the 2nd lens combination, and can carry out from the change of the light source position of the observed essence of described light-gathering optics by moving the 1st lens combination.
And the light beam of going into to inject the 1st lens combination is the parallel beam state, and therefore, it is constant can making the light quantity distribution in the pupil plane.Therefore, can suppress the change of optically focused performance.
At this, more specifically describe with reference to Figure 11.As shown in figure 11, the 1st lens (the 1st lens combination) are configured in the parallel beam, even under the situation that the 1st lens move along optical axis, as long as constant apart from the distance (s) of optical axis of the light of going into to inject the 1st lens, then the angle (q) by the light behind the 1st lens does not change (remaining parallel).1 point of (parallel) light optically focused that these angles do not change on the rear side focal plane of (must pass through) the 2nd lens (the 2nd lens combination).Because the rear side focal position of the 2nd lens is configured to consistent with the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics, so go into to inject the position that the parallel beam of the 1st lens does not rely on the 1st lens, entrance pupil position at light-gathering optics is identical beam diameter always, does not have optically focused faintly in light-gathering optics.
That is, the distance of the position by corresponding to optically focused moves the 1st lens combination, and the spot position of light-gathering optics is moved along optical axis direction.And, because utilize the 2nd lens combination, the beam diameter into the light beam that injects light-gathering optics is not changed, can make in the past and be roughly 0 in the light quantity variation of spot position and the variation of the light quantity distribution in the pupil plane like that.
And, in Figure 11, the rear side focal position by making the 2nd lens (the 2nd lens combination) and the entrance pupil position consistency of light-gathering optics, can make in the light quantity variation of spot position and the variation of the light quantity distribution in the pupil plane and be roughly 0, but by making position that these 2 positions are positioned at mutual vicinity (promptly, the rear side focal position of the 2nd camera lens is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics), can access equal effect.More specifically describe with reference to Figure 12.
As shown in figure 12, if the side-play amount of the rear side focal position of the 2nd lens (the 2nd lens combination) and the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics is d1, the focal length of the 2nd lens is f2, going into to inject the rate of change that the beam diameter in light-gathering optics when mobile has taken place the 1st lens (the 1st lens combination) (beam diameter with the rear side focal position of the 2nd lens is a benchmark) is x%
Then utilize x=100 * (d1 * d)/(f2 2) represent.
That is, this formula is rewritten, become d1=(f2 2)/d * (x/100).
At this, when the entrance pupil position consistency of the rear side focal position of the 2nd lens and light-gathering optics, d1=0.That is, even the 1st lens move, the beam diameter of going into to inject in the light-gathering optics does not change (x=0) yet.
It is best being configured in this state, but by making d1≤0.2 * f2 2/ d, the rate of change of beam diameter can be guaranteed at x≤20 (below ± 10%).
And, by making d1≤0.1 * f2 2/ d, the rate of change that can make beam diameter is x≤10 (below ± 5%).
And preferably by making d1≤0.06 * f2 2/ d, the rate of change of beam diameter can be guaranteed at x≤6 (below ± 3%).
And, only, can carry out the change of light source position by moving the 1st lens combination, need not as in the past, light-gathering optics and objective table etc. to be moved along optical axis direction.Therefore, simplification that can implementation structure, and, can not spend time ground and easily carry out spherical aberration correction.And, owing to need not to possess special optical system like that such as in the past corrector loop object lens, simplification that also can implementation structure, realize cost degradation.
Described light-gathering optics is with described light beam optically focused in medium, and described mobile unit also can move described the 1st lens combination corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position.
In this case, because mobile unit moves the 1st lens combination corresponding to the refractive index of the medium that makes laser focusing and the distance from the surface of medium to spot position, therefore the degree of depth place optically focused of light beam can be made more exactly, and the generating capacity of spherical aberration can be further suppressed in the expectation of distance dielectric surface.Therefore, can realize the raising of optically focused performance.
Described injection unit can possess the LASER Light Source that penetrates laser.
Also can adopt light tweezers optical system with described optical system.
When the synthetic focal length of establishing described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination is | during f|, described mobile unit can move to the position of satisfying following formula with described the 1st lens combination.
1/|f|＜0.01
When the focal length of establishing described the 2nd lens combination was f2, described the 2nd lens combination can satisfy following formula.
f2＞0
When the focal length of establishing described the 1st lens combination is the focal length of f1, described the 2nd lens combination when being f2, described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination can satisfy following formula.
f1＜0
And, 1≤| f2/f1|≤5
When the focal length of establishing described the 1st lens combination is the focal length of f1, described the 2nd lens combination when being f2, described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination can satisfy following formula.
f1＞0
And, 0.5≤| f1/f2|≤2
And the 2nd mode of optical system of the present invention is that this optical system has: LASER Light Source, and it penetrates laser; The parallel beam unit, it will become parallel beam from the light beam of the emitted described laser of this LASER Light Source; Light-gathering optics, it makes described laser optically focused in medium of described parallel beam state, and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again; Scanning element, it can scan the focal point in the described medium on the direction vertical with the optical axis direction of described laser; Photodetector, it is configured on the position with described LASER Light Source conjugation, detects by the described light-gathering optics described light behind the optically focused again; The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described parallel beam between described parallel beam unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this parallel beam; The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described parallel beam between the 1st lens combination and the described light-gathering optics with stationary state; And mobile unit, it is corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes described laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position, described the 1st lens combination is moved, and the rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
According to this optical system, is that parallel beam is incorporated into and injected the 1st lens combination from the emitted laser of LASER Light Source by the parallel beam cell translation, after the 1st lens combination and the 2nd lens combination reflect respectively, by light-gathering optics in medium by optically focused, and quilt is optically focused again, and detected by photodetector.At this moment, by along optical axis direction the 1st lens combination being moved, light source position is moved along optical axis direction by mobile unit.That is,, can change from the observed light source position of the 2nd lens combination, and can carry out from the change of the light source position of the observed essence of described light-gathering optics by moving the 1st lens combination.Thus, can do one's utmost to suppress spherical aberration corresponding to the degree of depth in the medium.
And, be the parallel beam state owing to go into to inject the light beam of the 1st lens combination, therefore,, light beam is penetrated with identical refraction angle even move the 1st lens combination, make the refraction of optical beam in each position along optical axis direction.
And, because the rear side focal position of the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics, thus the light of going into to inject the 2nd lens combination by light-gathering optics by optically focused reliably.At this, move the 1st lens combination by distance corresponding to the distance spot position, can change into the position that injects the 2nd lens combination, therefore can do one's utmost to be suppressed at the generating capacity of the spherical aberration of desired focal point.And, utilize the 2nd lens combination can make light beam go into to inject light-gathering optics reliably with not changing light beam, therefore, can suppress the variation of such in the past light quantity and the change of the light quantity distribution in the pupil plane.That is, the incident light quantity to light-gathering optics can be kept constant, and the light quantity distribution in the pupil plane can be kept constant, can suppress the change of brightness, optically focused performance.Therefore, can suppress the change of optically focused performance.
Like this, can do one's utmost to suppress the generating capacity of spherical aberration, therefore can carry out optically focused to the few light of aberration is observed picture accurately again.Therefore, can carry out observation in the medium accurately.And, utilize scanning element can carry out the scanning of focal point, therefore can carry out the observation in the medium overall region.
And, owing to only move the 1st lens combination, can carry out the change of light source position, therefore need not mobile light-gathering optics and objective table etc. as in the past.Therefore, simplification that can implementation structure can not spend time ground and easily carry out spherical aberration correction, carries out the observation in the medium simultaneously.And because need not to possess in the past such special optical systems such as corrector loop object lens, simplification that also can implementation structure realizes cost degradation.
Described scanning element also can be galvanometer mirror (galvanometer mirror).
The 3rd mode of optical system of the present invention is that this optical system has: LASER Light Source, and it penetrates laser; The parallel beam unit, it will be parallel beam from the Beam Transformation of the emitted described laser of this LASER Light Source; Light-gathering optics, it is described laser optically focused in medium of described parallel beam state, and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again; Photodetector, it is configured on the position with described LASER Light Source conjugation, detects by the described light-gathering optics described light behind the optically focused again; The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described parallel beam between described parallel beam unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this parallel beam; The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described parallel beam between the 1st lens combination and the described light-gathering optics with stationary state; And mobile unit, it is corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes described laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position, described the 1st lens combination is moved, and the rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
Described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination can be inserted in the light path or from light path and extract.
Described light-gathering optics and described dielectric surface can be for constant in the relative distance of optical axis direction.
And the 1st mode of aberration correction optical system of the present invention is to carrying out the optical system of optically focused from the light beam of light source, and a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in pluggable mode exclusively.
2(d 2+1×f-1×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
The 1st, from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics to the distance of light source position;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
And the 1st mode of laser scanning optical system of the present invention is in the convergence/divergence optical system, and a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in pluggable mode.
2(d 2+1×f-1×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
The 1st, from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics to the distance of light source position;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
And laser scanning microscope of the present invention also can possess described laser scanning optical system.
And the 1st mode of smooth tweezers of the present invention is that in the convergence/divergence optical system, a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in pluggable mode.
2(d 2+1×f-1×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
The 1st, from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics to the distance of light source position;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
And the 2nd mode of aberration correction optical system of the present invention is to comprise the light source that penetrates parallel beam and parallel beam is carried out the light-gathering optics of the optical system of optically focused, and a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in pluggable mode exclusively.
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
And the 2nd mode of laser scanning optical system of the present invention is that in parallel beam, a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in the mode that can plug in light path exclusively.
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
And smooth tweezers of the present invention are that in parallel beam, a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in the mode that can plug in light path exclusively.
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
According to light-gathering optics of the present invention, corresponding to the refractive index of the medium that makes laser focusing and from the surface of medium to the distance of spot position, make the laser divergence point along moving on the optical axis of laser by laser divergence point mobile unit, therefore, the generating capacity of spherical aberration can be done one's utmost to suppress in each position that the degree of depth in medium is different.Therefore, can realize the raising of optically focused performance at the desired degree of depth place of medium efficiently with laser focusing.And, can carry out again optically focused to the few light of spherical aberration and be observed picture accurately, therefore can carry out the observation in the high-precision medium.Particularly since mobile laser divergence point only so can as in the past, not spend the time, can easily carry out spherical aberration correction, and need not to possess special optical system, therefore can be but when changing in the letter of implementation structure, the realization cost degradation.
And, according to optical system of the present invention, by distance corresponding to the spot position in the distance medium, move the 1st lens combination, can change position into the light beam that injects the 2nd lens combination, therefore that is, can carry out, can do one's utmost to be suppressed at the generating capacity of the spherical aberration of desired focal point from the change of the light source position of the observed essence of light-gathering optics.And, utilize the 2nd lens combination of the entrance pupil position consistency of rear side focal position and light-gathering optics, make the beam diameter into the entrance pupil that injects light-gathering optics not change, can suppress that such in the past light quantity changes and the variation of the light quantity distribution that pupil plane is interior.Therefore, can suppress the optically focused changes of properties.
And, because only move the 1st lens combination, can carry out the change of light source position, simplification that therefore can implementation structure can not spend time ground and easily carry out spherical aberration correction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the laser focusing optical system of expression the 1st embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is by this laser focusing optical system, to the different position irradiating laser of the distance sample face degree of depth with an example of the process flow diagram when observing.
Fig. 3 be expression by this laser focusing optical system, to the figure of the state of the different position irradiating laser of the distance sample face degree of depth, (a) be figure to the irradiation of the position of distance sample face 50 μ m; (b) be the figure that shines to the position of distance sample face 75 μ m; (c) be the figure that shines to the position of distance sample face 100 μ m.
Fig. 4 is wave front data of considering light-gathering optics, an example of the process flow diagram during by this laser focusing optical system irradiating laser.
Fig. 5 is the structural drawing of the laser focusing optical system of expression the 2nd embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is other routine structural drawing of expression laser focusing optical system of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the structural drawing of the laser focusing optical system of expression the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is by this laser focusing optical system, an example of the process flow diagram when the different position irradiating laser of the distance sample face degree of depth.
Fig. 9 is the figure of laser focusing optical system of expression the 4th embodiment of the present invention, is an example of the process flow diagram when the different position irradiating laser of the distance sample face degree of depth.
Figure 10 be expression according to process flow diagram shown in Figure 9, to the figure of the state of the different position irradiating laser of the distance sample face degree of depth, (a) be figure to the irradiation of the position of distance sample face 50 μ m; (b) be the figure that shines to the position of distance sample face 75 μ m; (c) be the figure that shines to the position of distance sample face 100 μ m.
Figure 11 is the figure of the action effect of explanation optical system of the present invention, is the figure of the position relation of expression the 1st lens, the 2nd lens and light-gathering optics.
Figure 12 is the figure of relation of the rear side focal position of expression entrance pupil position of this light-gathering optics and the 2nd lens.
Figure 13 is the structural drawing of the optical system of expression the 5th embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is by this optical system, an example of the process flow diagram when making beam condenser arrive desired position.
Figure 15 is the figure of the concrete structure of the 1st lens that illustrate in the optical system of the 5th embodiment of the present invention and the 2nd lens.
Figure 16 is the structural drawing of the 6th embodiment of expression optical system of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the structural drawing of the 7th embodiment of expression optical system of the present invention.
Figure 18 is the figure of the concrete structure of the 1st lens that illustrate in the 7th embodiment of optical system of the present invention and the 2nd lens.
Figure 19 is the structural drawing of the 8th embodiment of expression optical system of the present invention.
Figure 20 is the structural drawing of the 9th embodiment of expression optical system of the present invention.
Figure 21 is by this optical system, an example of the process flow diagram when beam condenser is arrived desired position.
Figure 22 is the figure of the concrete structure of the 1st lens that illustrate in the 9th embodiment of optical system of the present invention and the 2nd lens.
Figure 23 is the structural drawing of the 10th embodiment of expression optical system of the present invention.
Figure 24 be expression by this optical system, with the figure of laser, be (a) to figure apart from the position optically focused of surperficial 50 μ m to the state of the different position optically focused of the distance dielectric surface degree of depth; (b) be to figure apart from the position optically focused of surperficial 75 μ m; (c) be to figure apart from the position optically focused of surperficial 100 μ m.
Figure 25 is the variation of this optical system, is the figure of an example that the optical system of two-dimentional galvanometer mirror has been adopted in expression.
Figure 26 is illustrated in the figure that adopts an example of optical system of the present invention in the light tweezers optical system.
Figure 27 is illustrated in the figure that can dispose the optical system of a plurality of convex lens in the divergent beams with plugging.
Figure 28 is illustrated in the figure that can dispose the optical system of a plurality of convex lens in the convergent beam with plugging.
Figure 29 is illustrated in the figure that can dispose the optical system of a plurality of concavees lens in the parallel beam with plugging.
Figure 30 is that expression is converted to converging light with convex lens with parallel beam, can dispose the figure of the optical system of a plurality of concavees lens in this converging light with plugging.
Figure 31 is illustrated in the optical system shown in Figure 23, can make up the figure of the optical system of a plurality of concavees lens with plugging.
Figure 32 is the figure that the correction of spherical aberration in the past is described, is the figure of an example of the expression spherical aberration correction camera lens optical system that can move along optical axis direction.
Figure 33 be expression by optical system shown in Figure 32, make the figure of state of the light quantity variation of entrance pupil position.
Symbol description
A: medium; L, L ': laser, light beam; 1,25,30: laser focusing optical system; 2: LASER Light Source; 3: sample (medium); 4: light-gathering optics; 5: photodetector; 5A: pin hole; 6: the laser divergence point; 7: scanning element; 31: viewing optical system; 101: optical system; 103: light-gathering optics; 104: the 1 lens (the 1st lens combination); 105: the 2 lens (the 2nd lens combination); 106: mobile unit; 110: the 2 lens combination; 115: the 1 lens combination; 120: laser optical system (optical system); 122: imaging lens (parallel beam unit); 123: light-gathering optics; 124: scanning element; 125: photodetector; 135: two-dimentional galvanometer mirror (scanning element).
Embodiment
Below, referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 3 the laser focusing optical system of the 1st embodiment of the present invention is described.
As shown in Figure 1, the laser focusing optical system 1 of present embodiment has: LASER Light Source 2, and it is with diverging light state (non-parallel beam state) shoot laser L; Light-gathering optics 4, it is configured between this LASER Light Source 2 and the sample (medium) 3, makes laser L optically focused in sample, and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again; Photodetector 5 (pin hole detecting device), it is configured in the position with LASER Light Source 2 conjugation, detects by light-gathering optics 4 light behind the optically focused again by pin hole 5A; Laser divergence point mobile unit, it is corresponding to the refractive index and the distance from sample face (surface of sample) 3a to spot position of the sample 3 that makes laser L optically focused, can make the position of the laser divergence point 6 of laser L, that is, move along the optical axis of laser L the position of LASER Light Source 2; Pin hole detecting device mobile unit, its be used for pin hole 5A and light detection device 5 move to move after the position of laser divergence point 6 conjugation; And scanning element 7, its can towards with direction (horizontal direction, XY direction) the scan laser L of the light shaft positive cross of light-gathering optics 4.
In addition, sample 3 mountings are in can be on the not shown objective table that the XY direction moves.
Described laser divergence point mobile unit is connected with control part, receives from the signal of this control part and mobile LASER Light Source 2, thereby makes laser divergence point 6 removable.And pin hole detecting device mobile unit is connected with control part, according to the signal from this control part, and is moved into position with laser divergence point 6 conjugation.And, control part has the input part of the information that can import regulation and calculates the calculating part of the amount of movement of LASER Light Source 2 according to each input information of being imported by this input part (input data), corresponding to result of calculation, laser divergence point mobile unit is sent signal move it.
And control part also carries out the control of LASER Light Source 2 simultaneously except the control to laser divergence point mobile unit, makes to make laser L outgoing behind laser divergence point 6 mobile ends.
Described light-gathering optics 4 has: semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (half mirror) 10, and it reflects from 2 emitting laser L of LASER Light Source, makes spending towards changing 90 of its optical axis; Imaging lens 11, it will convert almost parallel light to by 10 laser light reflected L of this semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens; The 1st galvanometer mirror 12, it reflects with different angles laser L, so that this laser L can be in a direction (directions X) scanning of sample face 3a upper edge level; The 1st pupil relay optical system 13, it is to carrying out relaying by 12 laser light reflected L of the 1st galvanometer mirror; The 2nd galvanometer mirror 14, it reflects with different angles the laser L that has passed through behind the 1st pupil relay optical system 13, so that this laser L can be in other direction (Y direction) scanning of sample face 3a upper edge level; The 2nd pupil relay optical system 15, it is to carrying out relaying by 14 laser light reflected L of the 2nd galvanometer mirror; And object lens 16, it will pass through the laser L optically focused in sample behind the 2nd pupil relay optical system 15, and the light from focal point is carried out optically focused again.
Described the 1st galvanometer mirror 12 and the 2nd galvanometer mirror 14 respectively therein heart position have turning axle 12a, the 14a that is configured to towards the direction of mutually orthogonal, constitute around this turning axle 12a, 14a the axle the regulation the angular range internal vibration.By this vibration, laser L is reflected with different angles.And, by the combination of two galvanometer mirrors 12,14, laser L can with direction (XY direction) scanning of the optical axis direction quadrature of light-gathering optics 4.That is, these two galvanometer mirrors 12,14 work as described scanning element 7.In addition, two galvanometer mirrors 12,14 are by control part control vibration (action).
Described pin hole 5A and light detection device 5 are configured in the rear side of semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10, by the pin hole detecting device mobile unit by control part control, synchronously move along optical axis direction with moving of LASER Light Source 2.
Carry out describing for laser focusing optical system 1 apart from the situation of the observation of the different position of the sample face 3a degree of depth by such formation.And, in the present embodiment, for carry out apart from sample face 3a for example the situation of the observation of the position of 50 μ m, 75 μ m, 100 μ m describe.
At first, when the position that to the distance sample face 3a degree of depth is 50 μ m is observed, as shown in Figure 2, the input part of control part is carried out the refractive index of sample 3, the i.e. input (step S1) of the numerical aperture NA (NumericalAperture) of 50 μ m and light-gathering optics 4 of distance from sample face 3a to spot position.Calculating part is imported data according to this, carries out the amount of movement of laser divergence point 6, i.e. calculating of the amount of movement of LASER Light Source 2 and the distance from the lower surface of object lens 16 to sample face 3a, the i.e. calculating of WD value (step S2).After calculating end, control part moves according to the optical axis direction of result of calculation control laser divergence point mobile unit along laser L, the position of LASER Light Source 2 is moved to the position of regulation, change the distance (WD:Work Distance) (step S3) between object lens 16 and the sample face 3a simultaneously.
LASER Light Source 2 move and after the variation of WD finished, control part sent signals to LASER Light Source 2 and makes its shoot laser L (step S4).The emitting laser L of institute is by after semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10 reflection, and the light that is converted to almost parallel by imaging lens 11 is incorporated into and injected the 1st galvanometer mirror 12.Then, by the 1st galvanometer mirror 12, with of the directions X reflection of different angles to sample face 3a.The laser L that is reflected reflects with the Y direction of different angles to sample face 3a by the 2nd galvanometer mirror 14 via the 1st pupil relay optical system 13.The laser L that is reflected incides object lens 16 via the 2nd pupil relay optical system 15.Then, shown in Fig. 3 (a), be the position optically focused of 50 μ m at distance sample face 3a by object lens 16.
At this moment, as mentioned above, owing to adjust the position of LASER Light Source 2 corresponding to the degree of depth of 50 μ m, promptly, adjust the position of laser divergence point 6, therefore can do one's utmost to be suppressed at the generating capacity that the degree of depth is the locational spherical aberration of 50 μ m, can with laser L efficiently optically focused to this position.
And, pass through object lens 16 quilts optically focused again from the light of this focal point, by being detected by light detection device 5 via pin hole 5A with above-mentioned opposite light path.Promptly, by object lens 16 again the light behind the optically focused see through the 2nd pupil relay optical system 15 successively, by 14 reflections of the 2nd galvanometer mirror, see through the 1st pupil relay optical system 13, by 12 reflections of the 1st galvanometer mirror, see through imaging lens 11, and see through after the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10, detected by photodetector 5 via pin hole 5A.And, by object lens 16 again the light of optically focused by two galvanometer mirror reflections, so that the light path identical light path of this light by being passed through with laser L.
As mentioned above, owing to laser L is concentrated on focal point (is the position of 50 μ m apart from the sample face degree of depth), therefore can utilize light detection device 5 to obtain the little observation picture of error with the state of the generating capacity of doing one's utmost to have suppressed spherical aberration.Therefore, can carry out high-precision observation.Particularly, pin hole 5A and photodetector 5 synchronously move along optical axis direction with moving of LASER Light Source 2, therefore, can access the observation picture of the focal point of good contrast owing to confocal effect (confocal effect).
And, by two galvanometer mirrors 12,14, making horizontal direction (XY direction) scanning of laser L towards sample face 3a, therefore can in the whole visual field scope, observe.At this moment, not mobile sample 3 sides (objective table side) can scan in the whole visual field scope.
Then, when the position that to the distance sample face 3a degree of depth is 75 μ m or 100 μ m is observed, with above-mentioned situation similarly, to the refractive index of input part input sample face 3a, distance (75 μ m or 100 μ m) and the NA of light-gathering optics 4 from sample face 3a to spot position.After the calculating of calculating part finished, control part moved according to the optical axis direction of result of calculation control LASER Light Source 2 along laser L, made the position of LASER Light Source 2 move to the position of regulation.Then, making its shoot laser L, is the position of 75 μ ms or 100 μ ms with laser L optically focused at distance sample face 3a by light-gathering optics 4, and, the light from focal point is carried out optically focused again, detect by photodetector 5 via pin hole 5A.
At this moment, same as described above, because come mobile LASER Light Source 2 corresponding to the degree of depth of 75 μ m or 100 μ m, adjust the position of laser divergence point 6, therefore can do one's utmost to be suppressed at the generating capacity of each locational spherical aberration, shown in Fig. 3 (b), (c), can with laser L efficiently optically focused to the position of 75 μ m or 100 μ m.Therefore, can access the little high-precision observation picture of error.
As mentioned above, laser focusing optical system 1 according to present embodiment, when making laser L be concentrated on apart from sample face 3a different depth (50 μ m, 75 μ m, 100 μ m) when locating, refractive index and distance corresponding to sample 3 from sample face 3a to spot position, making LASER Light Source 2 by laser divergence point mobile unit is that laser divergence point 6 is along moving on the optical axis, therefore can do one's utmost to suppress the generating capacity of spherical aberration, can be at each different degree of depth place with optimum condition efficiently with laser L optically focused.Therefore,, also the little observation picture of error can be obtained, the observation of sample 3 can be carried out accurately in each position even change apart from the degree of depth of sample face 3a.And pin hole 5A and photodetector 5 synchronously move along optical axis direction with moving of LASER Light Source 2, therefore, can access the observation picture of good contrast owing to confocal effect.
And,,, can easily carry out spherical aberration correction so can as in the past, not take the time because be the structure of only mobile LASER Light Source 2.And, need not to possess the special optical system of in the past corrector loop object lens etc., can in the simplification of implementation structure, realize cost degradation.And, because only mobile LASER Light Source 2, so carry out continuously this change easily, and tackle robotization easily.
In addition, in above-mentioned the 1st embodiment, by to the refractive index of input part input sample 3, distance and the NA of light-gathering optics 4 from sample face 3a to spot position, calculate the position of LASER Light Source 2, but the input data are not limited to above-mentioned data, for example, and can be except these import data, also import the wave front data of measuring in advance of light-gathering optics 4, the position of calculating LASER Light Source 2.
That is, as shown in Figure 4, when input part is imported various data (above-mentioned steps S1), refractive index, distance, the NA of light-gathering optics 4 and the wave front data of light-gathering optics 4 of input sample 3 from sample face 3a to spot position.
So, can carry out spherical aberration correction accurately, can further improve the optically focused performance of laser L, can access the littler observation picture of error.
And, as the wave front data of light-gathering optics 4, for example, can be the wave front data of object lens 16 that constitute the part of light-gathering optics 4, also can utilize the wave front data of light-gathering optics 4 integral body.
And, in above-mentioned the 1st embodiment,, but also can constitute the position that only pin hole 5A is moved to laser divergence point 6 conjugation by removable pin hole 5A of pin hole detecting device mobile unit and photodetector 5.
Then, with reference to Fig. 5 the laser focusing optical system of the 2nd embodiment of the present invention is described.And, in the 2nd embodiment,, give identical symbol, and omit its explanation for the part identical with the inscape of the 1st embodiment.And, in this Fig. 5, understand for the content that makes figure, omitted the diagram of the described pin hole detecting device mobile unit, laser divergence point mobile unit and the control module that have illustrated among Fig. 1.
The difference of the 2nd embodiment and the 1st embodiment is, in the 1st embodiment, move the position that LASER Light Source 2 is adjusted light source divergence point 6 by laser divergence point mobile unit, and the laser focusing optical system 20 of the 2nd embodiment constitutes, by laser divergence point mobile unit, mobile integratedly LASER Light Source 2, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10, pin hole 5A and photodetector 5 are adjusted the position of laser divergence point.
By such formation, except can the position of easily mobile laser divergence point, and need not to make moving synchronously of pin hole 5A and photodetector 5 and LASER Light Source 2.Therefore, can constitute more simply, can realize cost degradation.
And, the moving method of laser divergence point is not limited to above-mentioned the 1st embodiment and the 2nd embodiment, for example, laser focusing optical system 25 that can be as shown in Figure 6 is such, mobile laser divergence point 6 is (in this Fig. 6, understand for the content that makes figure, omitted the diagram of laser divergence point mobile unit and control module).Promptly, configuration the 1st catoptron 26 and the 2nd catoptron 27 between semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10 and imaging lens 11, these two catoptrons make the laser L that has seen through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 10 reflect in the mode that each optical axis changes 90 degree respectively, by two catoptrons 26,27, the exit direction of laser L is changed 180 degree, and can constitute by laser divergence point mobile unit and two catoptrons 26,27 can be moved to the optical axis direction of laser L integratedly.And, also can substitute two catoptrons 26,27, and the Dove prism that uses reflecting surface to face mutually.
By constituting in this wise, need not to change the position of LASER Light Source 2 and pin hole 5A and photodetector 5, position that can easily mobile laser divergence point 6, and then the simplification of implementation structure.
And described laser focusing optical system 25 has two-dimentional galvanometer mirror 28.This two dimension galvanometer mirror 28 has and the 1st galvanometer mirror 12 of described the 1st embodiment and turning axle 12a, 14a same directional two turning axle 28a, the 28b of the 2nd galvanometer mirror 14, around axle vibration two-dimensionally in the angular range of regulation of this turning axle 28a, 28b.That is, two-dimentional galvanometer mirror 28 works as scanning element.
Thus, need not to possess 2 galvanometer mirrors and pupil relay optical system respectively as above-mentioned the 1st embodiment, the therefore further facilitation of implementation structure realizes cost degradation.
Then, with reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 the laser focusing optical system of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention is described.And, in the 3rd embodiment,, give identical symbol, and omit its explanation for the part identical with the inscape of the 2nd embodiment.
The difference of the 3rd embodiment and the 2nd embodiment is, in the 2nd embodiment, and the range-independence ground between object lens 16 and the sample face 3a scans, and in the 3rd embodiment, to keep the distance between object lens 16 and the sample face 3a constant state to scan.
Promptly, as shown in Figure 7, the laser focusing optical system 30 of present embodiment is arranged to cooperate with light-gathering optics 4, and this laser focusing optical system 30 has viewing optical system 31, it will be from light-gathering optics 4, and promptly the lower surface of object lens 16 is maintained the distance of regulation to the distance of sample face 3a.And this viewing optical system 31 has autofocus mechanism.
Described viewing optical system 31 has: light source 32, and its irradiation is the semiconductor laser L ' of linearly polarized photon; The 1st lens 33, it will be converted to directional light from the semiconductor laser L ' of these light source 32 irradiations; Polarised light splitter 34, itself and the 1st lens 33 disposed adjacent; The 2nd lens 35, it makes by the semiconductor laser L ' behind this polarised light splitter 34 and assembles and disperse; The 3rd lens 36, it will be converted to the directional light of the pupil diameter size of light-gathering optics 16 by the semiconductor laser L ' that the 2nd lens 35 are dispersed; 1/4 wavelength plate 37, it will be converted to circularly polarized light through the polarized light of the semiconductor laser L ' of the 3rd lens 36; Dichronic mirror 38, its will be through the semiconductor laser L ' of this 1/4 wavelength plate 37 reflection so that optical axis towards changing 90 degree, and make it go into to inject light-gathering optics 16; The 4th lens 40, its make transmission once more cross 1/4 wavelength plate 37, by the light that returns from object lens 16 of described polarised light splitter 34 reflections, go into to inject cylindrical lens 39; And photodiode 41, it is configured in the rear side of cylindrical lens 39.
And dichronic mirror 38 is configured to reflective semiconductor laser L ', makes the light of semiconductor laser L ' wavelength in addition simultaneously, is for example seen through by 2 emitting laser L of LASER Light Source.
Described polarised light splitter 34 has in the linearly polarized photon of making, and for example as the light transmission of the linearly polarized photon of the P component of the oscillating component parallel with the plane of incidence, and makes light function of reflecting as the S component of the oscillating component vertical with the plane of incidence.And control part carries out FEEDBACK CONTROL according to by the detection signal of described photodiode 41 suffered light to objective table, make objective table vertically (optical axis direction) move.That is, become automatic focusing.Thus, semiconductor laser L ' can always focus on sample face 3a.
When utilizing the laser focusing optical system 30 that constitutes like this to scan, to the refractive index of the input part input sample 3 of control part, distance and the numerical aperture NA (step S1) of light-gathering optics 30 from sample face 3a to spot position.Calculating part is imported data according to this, calculates the amount of movement of laser divergence point, that is, and and the amount of movement of LASER Light Source 2 (step S2), and calculate the amount of bias (step S8) of focusing automatically.
Then, be the semiconductor laser L ' of linearly polarized photon from light source 32 irradiations.The semiconductor laser L ' that is shone is converted to after the directional light by the 1st lens 33, incides polarised light splitter 34.Then, become after the light of linearly polarized light of P component of the oscillating component parallel, after being assembled by the 2nd lens 35, become divergent state with the plane of incidence.Then, the light of being dispersed becomes directional light once more by the 3rd lens 36, incides 1/4 wavelength plate 37.And at this moment, directional light is the width of light beam corresponding with object lens 16.The semiconductor laser L ' that sees through 1/4 wavelength plate 37 and become circularly polarized light is reflected by dichronic mirror 38 and incides object lens 16.The light that incides object lens 16 throws light on to sample face 3a.
Then, after the light of sample face 3a reflection is by object lens 16 optically focused, by dichronic mirror 38 reflections, incide 1/4 wavelength plate 37, become the S component polarized light of the oscillating component vertical with the plane of incidence.This light incides polarised light splitter 34 and quilt towards 40 reflections of the 4th lens after seeing through the 3rd lens 36 and the 2nd lens 35.Then, by after the convergence, see through cylindrical lens 39 imaging on photodiode 41 by the 4th lens 40.The light of this imaging is sent to control part (step S5) by opto-electronic conversion as detection signal.This control part is according to calculating (step S6) by the detection signal that calculates detected amount of bias and send, and with objective table vertically (optical axis direction) move (step S7).That is, for focus automatically, with laser focusing in the desired degree of depth, the distance between object lens 16 and the sample face 3a is controlled to be suitable state.
Thus, the distance that can always keep between object lens 16 and the sample face 3a is that constant distance scans.Therefore, suppose that objective table has a little error of mobile generation of a little bending or objective table etc., also can be exactly in the desired degree of depth with laser L optically focused.Therefore, can scan controlling more exactly in the spot position of sample face 3a, can carry out the observation of sample 3 more accurately.
And when carrying out above-mentioned scanning, in the time will changing the spot position of laser L, the amount of bias of focusing is automatically in advance calculated (step S8) and is scanned afterwards.For example, after scanning with the state behind the degree of depth place of 100 μ m optically focused, when when the degree of depth place of 50 μ m optically focused scans, need to change the WD value and be set at optimum condition, be i.e. optimum value.Be accompanied by the change of this WD value, generation will be focused automatically and be departed from the needs of ormal weight.That is,, can carry out the correction of WD value by calculating the amount of bias of automatic focusing.Then, after setovering, with the above-mentioned scanning of similarly carrying out different depth.
Then, with reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10 the laser focusing optical system of the 4th embodiment of the present invention is described.And, in the 4th embodiment,, give identical symbol, and omit its explanation for the part identical with the inscape of the 3rd embodiment.
The difference of the 4th embodiment and the 3rd embodiment is that in the 3rd embodiment, object lens 16 and sample face 3a are in the relative distance of optical axis direction, and promptly WD is non-constant, and is relative therewith, and in the 4th embodiment, WD is made as constant.
That is, after preestablishing objective table and the position of object lens 16, set and make both positions maintain same position always at optical axis direction.That is, as shown in Figure 9, when input part being imported various data (above-mentioned steps S1), the data of input except the WD value, that is, and the data of the NA of the refractive index of sample 3, distance and light-gathering optics 4 from sample face 3a to spot position.
Thus, as shown in figure 10 so that the constant state of WD only moves the laser divergence point by laser divergence point mobile unit along optical axis direction, therefore at initial setting after the amount of bias of automatic focusing, need not to calculate once more amount of bias.Therefore, the required time of biasing can be shortened, the raising of handling capacity can be realized.And, can reduce the deterioration of the precision of the automatic focusing that produces because of setovering.
And technical scope of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the scope that does not break away from aim of the present invention, can implement various changes.
For example, in the respective embodiments described above, with laser optically focused in sample, but be not limited to sample, so long as optically focused gets final product in medium.And, as the distance of optically focused, be made as apart from the distance of sample face 50 μ m, 75 μ m, 100 μ m, but be not limited to these distances, can at random set.And, though moving stage changes object lens and sample face in the relative distance of optical axis direction, be not limited thereto, for example, can utilize mobile object lens such as piezoelectric element to change relative distance.
And, constitute by control part and control laser divergence point mobile unit automatically, but also can make the work of laser divergence point mobile unit come the position of mobile laser divergence point by device according to the result of calculation of control part acquisition.
And the viewing optical system that illustrates in above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment is an example, as long as can be maintained predetermined distance to distance from the lower surface of object lens to the sample face, and also can be each optical system such as lens formation that combines.
Below, with reference to Figure 13 and Figure 14 the optical system of the 5th embodiment of the present invention is described.
As shown in figure 13, the optical system 101 of present embodiment has: not shown injection unit, and it is with parallel beam state outgoing beam L; Light-gathering optics 103, it has the object lens 102 with light beam L optically focused; The 1st lens (the 1st lens combination) 104, it is configured in the light beam between injection unit and the object lens 102, can move along the optical axis direction of light beam L; The 2nd lens (the 2nd lens combination) 105, it is with in the light beam of state configuration between the 1st lens 104 and object lens 102 that is fixed; And mobile unit 106, it moves the 1st lens 104 corresponding to apart from the distance that makes the position of light beam L optically focused.
Above-mentioned the 1st lens 104 are biconcave lenss, are fixed on the not shown lens bracket.Above-mentioned mobile unit 106 is connected with lens bracket, by removable the 1st lens 104 of lens bracket.And mobile unit 106 is connected with not shown control part, receives from the signal of this control part to work.
This control part has: the input part that can import the information of regulation; With each input information (input data) that basis is imported by this input part, calculate the calculating part of the amount of movement of the 1st lens 104, make mobile unit 106 move ormal weight corresponding to result of calculation.And control part also carries out the control of injection unit simultaneously except the control to mobile unit 106, penetrates to make light beam L behind the 1st lens 104 mobile ends.
And above-mentioned the 2nd lens 105 are convex lens, and planar side is towards the 1st lens 104 sides, that is, convex side is towards object lens 102 sides, and the rear side focal position is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of object lens 102.
Describe for the situation of the optical system 101 by such formation light beam L optically focused.
At first, as shown in figure 14, to the input of the input part of control part from the reference position to amount of movement (step S1A) with the focal point of light beam L optically focused.Calculating part is imported data according to this, carries out the calculating (step S2A) of the amount of movement of mobile unit 106.After calculating end, control part moves according to the optical axis direction of result of calculation control mobile unit 106 along light beam L, the 1st lens 104 is moved to the position (step S3A) of regulation.
Behind the mobile end of the 1st lens 104, control part sends signal to injection unit and makes its outgoing beam L.The light beam L of institute's outgoing by 104 refractions of the 1st lens, becomes the diverging light state with the parallel beam state, incides the 2nd lens 105.That is,, changed the divergence point position of light beam L on optical axis direction by moving the 1st lens 104.The light beam L that becomes diverging light by after the refraction once more, incides object lens 102, at desired position optically focused (step S4A) by the 2nd lens 105.
Then, when on the position different during with light beam L optically focused with above-mentioned focal point, with similarly above-mentioned, to the input part input from the reference position to the amount of movement of new focal point.Control part is according to the result of calculation of calculating part, makes mobile unit 106 work, makes the 1st lens 104 move along optical axis direction.Thus, the light beam L emitted by injection unit reflects in the position different with above-mentioned position, becomes the diverging light state, incides the 2nd lens 105.At this moment because light beam L incides the 1st lens 104 with the parallel beam state, so with the location independent ground of the 1st lens 104 always with the equal angular refraction, and incide the 2nd lens 105.Therefore, light beam L is with light quantity in the pupil plane and the identical state of light quantity distribution, by object lens 102 by optically focused.
Like this, optical system 101 according to present embodiment, by moving the 1st lens 104, can change the divergence point position of light beam L, promptly, can carry out the change of substantial light source position, can focal point be altered to desired position in that the light quantity in the pupil plane and light quantity distribution are remained under the constant state, can do one's utmost to be suppressed at the generating capacity of the spherical aberration on this position (each focal point).
And, because be the structure that only moves the 1st lens 104, thus can easily constitute and realize cost degradation, and do not take the time.
At this, the more concrete structure example of the 1st lens that in above-mentioned the 5th embodiment, illustrate shown in Figure 15 and the 2nd lens.And each lens is as shown in table 1 to be set.
Wherein, in table 1, R is the radius-of-curvature of lens, and d is the thickness or the airspace of lens, and n is a refractive index.
[table 1]
Face is counted R d n
1 -10 1 1.50619
2 ∞ are d1 at interval
3 ∞ 2 1.50619
4 -30
Object point position ∞ (incident parallel beam)
From the final surface of lens to distance=59.3 of entrance pupil position
Interval d1 27.519 37.519 47.519
Entrance pupil position-351.25 ∞ 351.25 from light-gathering optics
Put observed light source position
The focal distance f 1-19.8 of the 1st lens
The focal distance f 2 59.3 of the 2nd lens
Then, with reference to Figure 16 the optical system of the 6th embodiment of the present invention is described.And, in the 6th embodiment,, give identical symbol, and omit its explanation for the part identical with the inscape of the 5th embodiment.
The difference of the 6th embodiment and the 5th embodiment is that in the 5th embodiment, the 1st lens 104 are biconvex lens, and are relative therewith, and the 1st lens 104 of the optical system of the 6th embodiment are convex lens, is configured to planar side towards the 2nd lens 105 sides.
The situation of present embodiment is also identical with the 1st embodiment, with the light beam L of parallel beam state incident and the location independent of the 1st lens 104, with the equal angular refraction, incides the 2nd lens 105 always.Therefore, present embodiment plays effect and the effect same with the 5th embodiment.
Then, with reference to Figure 17 the optical system of the 7th embodiment of the present invention is described.And, in the 7th embodiment,, give identical symbol, and omit its explanation for the part identical with the inscape of the 6th embodiment.
The difference of the 7th embodiment and the 6th embodiment is that in the 6th embodiment, the 2nd lens combination is single convex lens, that is, be made of the 2nd lens 105, and is relative therewith, and the 2nd lens combination 110 of the 7th embodiment is made of 2 lens 111,112.
That is, as shown in figure 17, the 2nd lens combination 110 of present embodiment constitutes by being configured in as the biconcave lens 111 of convex lens 104 sides of the 1st lens combination and with the biconvex lens 112 of these biconcave lens 111 disposed adjacent.And, the rear side focal position of the 2nd lens combination 110 integral body be positioned at object lens 102 the entrance pupil position near.
The optical system of present embodiment can play the effect same with the 2nd embodiment, and, the interval (distance) between the 2nd lens combination 110 and the object lens 102 can be increased, thereby other observing system etc. can be disposed betwixt, can improve the degree of freedom of design.
At this, the more concrete structure example of the 1st lens that in above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment, illustrate shown in Figure 18 and the 2nd lens combination.And each lens is as shown in table 2 to be set.
Wherein, in table 2, R is the radius-of-curvature of lens, and d is the thickness or the airspace of lens, and n is a refractive index.
[table 2]
Face is counted R d n
1 20.2477 2 1.50619
2 ∞ are d2 at interval
3 -11.9178 1 1.50619
4 ∞ 12.983
5 ∞ 2 1.50619
6 -12.2735
Object point position ∞ (incident parallel beam)
From the final surface of lens to distance=65.44 of entrance pupil position
Interval d2 43.97 53.97 63.97
Entrance pupil position-160 ∞ 160 from light-gathering optics
Put observed light source position
The focal distance f 1 40 of the 1st lens
The focal distance f 2 40 of the 2nd lens
As above table 2 and shown in Figure 180 because the 2nd lens combination is made of concavees lens and convex lens, therefore can make from the distance of the rear side focal position of final surface to the 2 lens combination of the 2nd lens combination focal length 40mm greater than the 2nd lens combination.
Then, with reference to Figure 19 the optical system of the 8th embodiment of the present invention is described.And, in the 8th embodiment,, give identical symbol, and omit its explanation for the part identical with the inscape of the 5th embodiment.
The difference of the 8th embodiment and the 5th embodiment is that in the 5th embodiment, the 1st lens combination is by 1 biconcave lens, and promptly the 1st lens 104 constitute, and relative therewith, the 1st lens combination 115 of the 8th embodiment is made of 2 lens 116,117.
That is, as shown in figure 19, convex lens 116 that the 1st lens combination 115 of present embodiment is disposed towards the injection unit side by protuberance and constitute with the biconcave lens 117 of these convex lens 116 disposed adjacent.And the 2nd lens combination of present embodiment is made of 1 biconvex lens 118.
The situation of present embodiment is also identical with the 5th embodiment, with the light beam L of parallel beam state incident and the location independent of the 1st lens combination 115, with the equal angular refraction, incides the 2nd lens 118 always, plays effect and the effect same with the 1st embodiment.
And, if establishing the synthetic focal length of the 1st lens combination 115 of 2 lens 116,117 and be the focal length of f1,1 biconvex lens 118 is f2, then by making | f1|=|f2|, state in that the beam diameter of the entrance pupil that keeps inciding object lens 102 equates with the beam diameter that incides the 1st lens combination 115 can play effect and the effect same with the 5th embodiment.
Then, with reference to Figure 20 and Figure 21 the optical system of the 9th embodiment of the present invention is described.And, in the 9th embodiment,, give identical symbol, and omit its explanation for the part identical with the inscape of the 5th embodiment.
The difference of the 9th embodiment and the 5th embodiment is, in the 5th embodiment, just light beam L optically focused is arrived desired position, and relative therewith, the optical system of the 9th embodiment arrives light beam L optically focused apart from the different depth place on the surface of medium (sample) A.
That is, in the optical system of present embodiment, object lens 102 are light beam L optically focused in medium, mobile unit 106 corresponding to the refractive index of the medium A that makes laser focusing and from the surface of medium to the distance of spot position, move the 1st lens 104 (the 1st lens combination).
For optical system light beam L is concentrated on apart from the situation of the different position of the case depth of medium A and describes by such formation.
At first, as shown in figure 21, the input part of control part is carried out the refractive index of medium A, distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position, for example, the input (step S5A) of the NA of 50 μ m and light-gathering optics 103.
Calculating part is imported data according to this, carries out the calculating (step S6A) of the amount of movement of the 1st lens 104.After calculate finishing, control part moves along optical axis direction according to result of calculation control mobile unit 106, the position of the 1st lens 104 is moved to the position (step S7A) of regulation.
Behind the mobile end of the 1st lens 104, control part makes the light beam L that penetrates the parallel beam state from output unit.Thus, light beam L is in the surperficial desired position of distance medium A, with the state of the generating capacity of doing one's utmost to have suppressed spherical aberration by optically focused (step S8A).
As mentioned above,, move the 1st lens 104, therefore can be concentrated on the desired degree of depth to light beam L, can realize the raising of optically focused performance with the state of the generating capacity of doing one's utmost to have suppressed spherical aberration with light beam L optically focused corresponding to the distance that is input to input part.
At this, the more concrete structure example of the 1st lens combination that in above-mentioned the 9th embodiment, illustrates shown in Figure 22 and the 2nd lens.And each lens is as shown in table 3 to be set.
Wherein, in table 3, R is the radius-of-curvature of lens, and d is the thickness or the airspace of lens, and n is a refractive index.
[table 3]
Face is counted R d n
1 20.2477 2 1.50619
2 ∞ are d2 at interval
3 -11.9178 1 1.50619
4 ∞ 12.983
5 ∞ 2 1.50619
6 -12.2735
Object point position ∞ (incident parallel beam)
Distance=65.44 from the final surface of lens to the entrance pupil position
Interval d2 43.97 53.97 63.97
Entrance pupil position-160 ∞ 160 from light-gathering optics
Put observed light source position
The focal distance f 1-40 of the 1st lens
The focal distance f 2 40 of the 2nd lens
As above table 3 and shown in Figure 22, the 1st lens combination is made of convex lens and concavees lens, and the synthetic focal distance f 1=-40 of the 1st lens combination equates with the absolute value of the synthetic focal distance f 2=40 of the 2nd lens.By such formation, can be with beam condenser near the 1st lens combination and the 2nd lens, can be made as incident beam beam diameter to the 1st lens combination with at the beam diameter of the rear side focal position of the 2nd lens about equally.
Then, with reference to Figure 23 the optical system of the 10th embodiment of the present invention is described.And, in the 10th embodiment,, give identical symbol, and omit its explanation for the part identical with the textural element of the 9th embodiment.
The difference of the 10th embodiment and the 9th embodiment is, in the 9th embodiment, just light beam L is concentrated on apart from the position of the surperficial different depth of medium A, the optical system of the 10th embodiment, laser L ' is concentrated on surperficial different depth place apart from medium A, and carries out again optically focused and observe.
That is, the laser optical system of present embodiment (optical system) 120 has: LASER Light Source 121, and it penetrates laser L '; Imaging len (parallel beam unit) 122, it will be a parallel beam from the Beam Transformation of the emitted laser L ' of this LASER Light Source 121; Light-gathering optics 123, it is laser L ' optically focused in medium of parallel beam state, and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again; Scanning element 124, it can be at the focal point in the direction vertical with the optical axis of laser L ' (horizontal direction, the XY direction) scanned medium; Photodetector 125, it is configured on the position with LASER Light Source 121 conjugation, detects by light-gathering optics 123 light behind the optically focused again.
And medium A is positioned in along on the movably not shown objective table of XY direction.And, in two dimensional surface, described optical system integral body among Figure 23, but in fact P portion (dotted portion shown in the figure) constitutes vertical with paper.
Described light-gathering optics 123 has: semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 126, and it makes from 121 emitting laser L ' of LASER Light Source and reflects in the mode towards changing 90 degree with optical axis; Above-mentioned imaging len 122, it will become parallel beam state and imaging by 126 laser light reflected L ' of this semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens; The 1st galvanometer mirror 127, it is with different angles reflector laser L ', so that can be in a direction (directions X) scanning of the surperficial upper edge of medium A level; The 1st pupil relay optical system 128, it is to carrying out relaying by 127 laser light reflected L ' of the 1st galvanometer mirror; The 2nd galvanometer mirror 129, its with different angles reflections by the laser L ' behind the 1st pupil relay optical system 128 so that can be on the surface of medium A towards other direction (Y direction) scanning of level; The 2nd pupil relay optical system 130, it is to carrying out relaying by 129 laser light reflected L ' of the 2nd galvanometer mirror; And object lens 102, it will be by the laser L ' optically focused in medium behind the 2nd pupil relay optical system 130, and the light from focal point is carried out optically focused again.
Described the 1st galvanometer mirror 127 and the 2nd galvanometer mirror 129 respectively therein heart position have turning axle 127a, 129a towards the configuration of the direction of mutually orthogonal, constitute around the scope internal vibration of the axle of this turning axle 127a, 129a in the angle of regulation.By this vibration, can be as described above with different angles reflector laser L '.And, by the combination of two galvanometer mirrors 127,129, laser L ' can with direction (XY direction) scanning of the optical axis direction quadrature of light-gathering optics 123.That is, these two galvanometer mirrors 127,129 work as described scanning element 124.In addition, two galvanometer mirrors 127,129 are by control part control vibration (work).
And described photodetector 125 is configured in the rear side of semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 126.
And the 1st lens combination of present embodiment is made of 1 the 1st lens 104 as biconvex lens, is configured between imaging len 122 and the 1st galvanometer mirror 127, and is removable along optical axis direction in parallel beam.And the 2nd lens combination is made of 1 the 2nd lens 105 as biconvex lens, be configured in the parallel beam between the 1st lens 104 and the 1st galvanometer mirror 127, the rear side focal position be positioned at light-gathering optics 123 integral body the entrance pupil position near.
Describe in the situation of the observation of the different position of the case depth of distance medium A for laser optical system 120 by such formation.And, in the present embodiment, as shown in figure 24, for the surface of distance medium A for example 50 μ m, 75 μ m, the position of the 100 μ m situation of observing describe.
At first, shown in Figure 24 (a), at the case depth to the distance medium A is that the position of 50 μ m is when observing, to the refractive index of the input part input media A of control part, from the surface of medium A to the distance of spot position, i.e. distance between the surface of the NA of 50 μ m, light-gathering optics 123 and object lens 102 and medium A, that is WD value.Calculating part is imported data according to this, carries out the calculating of the amount of movement of the 1st lens 104.After calculate finishing, control part moves along optical axis direction according to result of calculation control mobile unit 106, the position of the 1st lens 104 is moved to the position of regulation.
Behind the mobile end of the 1st lens 104, control part sends signal to LASER Light Source 121 and makes its shoot laser L '.The emitting laser L ' of institute is converted to the parallel beam state by imaging len 122, and incides the 1st lens 104 that are configured in assigned position by after semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 126 reflections.Then, be converted to after the converging light state, reflect and incide the 1st galvanometer mirror 127 once more by the 2nd lens 105 by the refraction of the 1st lens 104.Then, by the 1st galvanometer mirror 127, with of the directions X reflection of different angles to the surface of medium A.The laser L ' that is reflected reflects to the Y on the surface of medium A direction with different angles by the 2nd galvanometer mirror 129 via the 1st pupil relay optical system 128.The laser L ' that is reflected incides object lens 102 via the 2nd pupil relay optical system 130.Then, shown in Figure 24 (a), by the position optically focused of object lens 102 at distance dielectric surface 50 μ m.
At this moment, as mentioned above, adjust the position of the 1st lens 104 corresponding to the degree of depth of 50 μ m, promptly, change the position (position of convergent point) of substantial light source, therefore can do one's utmost to be suppressed at the generating capacity that the degree of depth is the locational spherical aberration of 50 μ m, can with laser L ' in this position optically focused efficiently.
And, pass through object lens 102 optically focused again from the light of this focal point, by being detected by photodetector 125 with above-mentioned opposite light path.Promptly, by object lens 102 again the light of optically focused see through the 2nd pupil relay optical system 130 successively, by 129 reflections of the 2nd galvanometer mirror, see through the 1st pupil relay optical system 128, by 127 reflections of the 1st galvanometer mirror, see through the 2nd lens 105 and the 1st lens 104, see through imaging len 122, transmission is crossed after the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 126 then, detected by photodetector 125 via pin hole.And, by object lens 102 again the light of optically focused be reflected at two galvanometer mirrors, 127,129 places so that its identical light path of light path by passing through with laser L '.
As mentioned above, laser L ' is concentrated on focal point (is the position of 50 μ m apart from the dielectric surface degree of depth), therefore can obtains the little observation picture of error by photodetector 125 with the state of the generating capacity of doing one's utmost to have suppressed spherical aberration.Therefore, can carry out high-precision observation.
And, by two galvanometer mirrors 127,129, make laser L ' to the scanning of the horizontal direction (XY direction) on the surface of medium A, therefore can easily carry out the observation of wide scope at the surf zone of medium A on the whole.At this moment, move media side (objective table side) not can scanning in medium A on the whole.
Then, at the case depth to the distance medium A is that the position of 75 μ m or 100 μ m is when observing, with above-mentioned situation similarly, to the refractive index of input part input media A, from the surface of medium A to the distance (75 μ m or 100 μ m) of spot position, the NA and the WD value of light-gathering optics 123.After the calculating of calculating part finished, control part moved along optical axis direction according to result of calculation control mobile unit 106, the position of the 1st lens 104 is moved to the position of regulation.Then, make laser L ' outgoing, by light-gathering optics 123 with the position of laser L ' optically focused at the surface of distance medium A 75 μ m or 100 μ m, and, to from the light of focal point optically focused again, detect by photodetector 125.
At this moment, same as described above, the degree of depth corresponding to 75 μ m or 100 μ m moves the position that the 1st lens 104 are adjusted divergence point, therefore can do one's utmost to be suppressed at the generating capacity of each locational spherical aberration, shown in Figure 24 (b), (c), can with laser L ' in the position of 75 μ m or 100 μ m optically focused efficiently.Therefore, can access the little high-precision observation picture of error.
And when changing the WD value, control part is for example controlled objective table and is moved the adjustment of carrying out WD to optical axis direction.
As mentioned above, laser optical system 120 according to present embodiment, when the surperficial different depth (50 μ m, 75 μ m, 100 μ m) in the distance medium A is located light-concentrating laser ' time, corresponding to the refractive index of medium A and from the surface of medium A to the distance of spot position, move the 1st lens 104 by mobile unit 106 along optical axis, therefore promptly mobile divergence point can do one's utmost to suppress the generating capacity of spherical aberration, can be with optimum condition efficiently with laser L ' optically focused at different degree of depth places.Therefore,, also the little observation picture of error can be obtained, the observation of medium A can be carried out accurately in each position even change apart from the degree of depth on the surface of medium A.
And, in above-mentioned the 10th embodiment, adopted the 1st galvanometer mirror 127 and the 2nd galvanometer mirror 129 as scanning element 124, but be not limited thereto, for example, as shown in figure 25, can adopt the galvanometer mirror 135 of two dimension as scanning element 124.This two dimension galvanometer mirror 135 has same directional two turning axle 135a, 135b with turning axle 127a, the 129a of the 1st galvanometer mirror 127 and the 2nd galvanometer mirror 129, constitutes the axle vibration two-dimensionally in the scope of the angle of regulation around this turning axle 135a, 135b.
Thus, need not as above-mentioned the 10th embodiment, to possess two galvanometer mirrors and pupil relay optical system respectively, can further realize the simplification that constitutes, realize cost degradation.
And technical scope of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned the 5th～the 10th embodiment, in the scope that does not break away from aim of the present invention, can apply various changes.
For example, the 1st lens combination and the 2nd lens combination can be made of 1 lens as above-mentioned the 5th embodiment, also can be made of the lens more than 1 as above-mentioned the 7th embodiment and the 8th embodiment.And the kind of each lens is not limited to for example convex lens, concavees lens, biconvex lens, but can freely make up and design.
Particularly, in above-mentioned the 5th～the 10th embodiment, mobile unit set gets final product for the 1st lens combination is moved to satisfy following formula.
1/|f|＜0.01
Wherein, | f| is the synthetic focal length of the 1st lens combination and the 2nd lens combination.So, can have burnt portion far away.
And in above-mentioned the 5th～the 10th embodiment, described the 2nd lens combination is set at and satisfies following formula and get final product.
f2＞0
Wherein, f2 is the focal length of the 2nd lens combination.
The entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics is mostly in light-gathering optics, but by the 2nd lens combination being made as positive amplification ratio (convex lens), even the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics is present in the optical system, also can make the rear side focal position of the 2nd lens combination and the entrance pupil position consistency of light-gathering optics.
And in above-mentioned the 5th～the 10th embodiment, the 1st lens combination and the 2nd lens combination are set at and satisfy following formula and get final product.
f1＜0
And 1≤| f2/f1|≤5
Wherein, f1 is the focal length of the 1st lens combination, and f2 is the focal length of the 2nd lens combination.
By the 1st lens combination being made as negative magnification (concavees lens), the 2nd lens combination is made as positive energy (convex lens), densification that can implementation structure.And, because 1≤f2/f1, so can constitute the 1st lens combination simply.Therefore, not only can realize low cost, and can worsen by rejection.And, because | f2/f1|≤5, so can constitute optical system in densification ground.
And, the setting of the 1st lens combination and the 2nd lens combination be not limited to above-mentioned f1＜0 and 1≤| f2/f1|≤5 for example, in above-mentioned the 5th～the 10th embodiment, also can be set at and satisfy following formula.
f1＞0
And 0.5≤| f1/f2|≤2
So, the focal length that can make two lens combination is a positive focal length, with simple structure, equates that to be close to multiplying power ground carries out relaying.
And, in above-mentioned the 5th～the 10th embodiment, constitute by control part and control mobile unit automatically, also can make mobile unit action, the position of moving the 1st lens combination according to result of calculation by control part.
And as shown in figure 26, optical system of the present invention can be used for light tweezers optical system.Therefore in this case, because can suppress the generating capacity of spherical aberration, can replenish small items in the water for example etc. more accurately.
And, also can carry out spherical aberration correction by such as shown in figure 27 aberration correction optical system.That is, aberration correction optical system 140 is to carrying out the optical system of optically focused from the light beam L of not shown light source, and a plurality of lens 141,142,143 that satisfy following formula dispose in the mode that can plug in light path exclusively.
2(d 2+1×f-1×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, above-mentioned d is to the distance of a plurality of lens 141,142,143 from the entrance pupil position of the light-gathering optics 144 that comprises object lens; Above-mentioned 1 is to the distance of light source position from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics 144; Above-mentioned f is the focal position of a plurality of lens 141,142,143; Above-mentioned NA is the NA (from the observed NA of collector lens) of light source; Above-mentioned a is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics 144.And establishing light beam L is the diverging light state, and above-mentioned a plurality of lens 141,142,143 are convex lens.
In the aberration correction optical system 140 that constitutes like this, dispersing under the situation of light source, even will observe (optically focused) in different positions to the degree of depth in the medium, the light quantity distribution in also can light quantity constant, the pupil plane has suppressed the observation (optically focused) of the generating capacity of spherical aberration consistently.And, need not as in the past the glass that the object lens of the high price of combination correction ring object lens etc. or replacing thickness are different etc.
In addition, in above-mentioned aberration correction optical system 140 shown in Figure 27, in divergent beams, disposed and be a plurality of lens 141,142,143 of convex lens, as shown in figure 28, also can in convergent beam, dispose a plurality of lens 141,142,143.In this case, a plurality of lens 141,142,143 can be made as concavees lens.
And, as shown in figure 29, also can in parallel beam, dispose a plurality of concavees lens 141,142,143.
And, as shown in figure 30, also can after in a single day parallel beam be converted to converging light by convex lens 145, dispose a plurality of lens 141,142,143.
And as shown in figure 31, above-mentioned aberration correction optical system 140 can be used in combination with the laser optical system of the 10th embodiment.And a plurality of lens 141,142,143 constitute scioptics push-pull structure 146 and can plug.
Under situation about constituting like this, also play effect and the effect identical with the 10th embodiment.
And, comprise following content among the present invention.
[remarks item 1]
A kind of optical system, this optical system has:
Injection unit, it is with parallel beam state outgoing beam;
Light-gathering optics, it is with described beam condenser;
The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described light beam between described injection unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this light beam;
The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, in the described light beam of state configuration between the 1st lens combination and described light-gathering optics that is fixed; And
Mobile unit, the distance that it corresponds to the position that makes described beam condenser moves described the 1st lens combination,
Wherein, the rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
[remarks item 2]
According to remarks item 1 described optical system, wherein,
Described light-gathering optics is with described light beam optically focused in medium;
Described mobile unit moves described the 1st lens combination corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position.
[remarks item 3]
According to remarks item 1 or 2 described optical systems, wherein,
Described injection unit has the LASER Light Source that penetrates laser.
[remarks item 4]
A kind of optical system, this optical system has:
LASER Light Source, it penetrates laser;
The parallel beam unit, the Beam Transformation of the described laser that it will penetrate from this LASER Light Source is a parallel beam;
Light-gathering optics, it is with the described laser of described parallel beam state optically focused and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again in medium;
Photodetector, it is configured on the position with described LASER Light Source conjugation, detects by described light-gathering optics by the described light of optically focused again;
The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described parallel beam between described parallel beam unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this parallel beam;
The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, in the described parallel beam of state configuration between the 1st lens combination and described light-gathering optics that is fixed;
And mobile unit, it moves described the 1st lens combination corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes described laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position,
Wherein, the rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
[remarks item 5]
A kind of optical system, this optical system has:
LASER Light Source, it penetrates laser;
The parallel beam unit, the light beam L of the described laser that it will penetrate from this LASER Light Source is converted to parallel beam;
Light-gathering optics, it is with the described laser of described parallel beam state optically focused and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again in medium;
Scanning element, it can scan the focal point in the described medium on the direction vertical with the optical axis direction of described laser;
Photodetector, it is configured on the position with described LASER Light Source conjugation, detects by described light-gathering optics by the described light of optically focused again;
The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described parallel beam between described parallel beam unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this parallel beam;
The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, in the described parallel beam of state configuration between the 1st lens combination and described light-gathering optics that is fixed;
And mobile unit, it moves described the 1st lens combination corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes described laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position,
The rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
[remarks item 6]
According to remarks item 5 described optical systems, wherein,
Described scanning element is the galvanometer mirror.
[remarks item 7]
According to each described optical system of remarks item 4 to 6, wherein,
Described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination can be inserted light path or extract from light path.
[remarks item 8]
According to each described optical system of remarks item 4 to 7, wherein,
Described light-gathering optics and described dielectric surface are constant in the relative distance of optical axis direction.
[remarks item 9]
A kind of smooth tweezers optical system, it has each described optical system of remarks item 1 to 3.
[remarks item 10]
According to each described optical system of remarks item 1 to 8, wherein,
When the synthetic focal length of described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination is made as | during f|, described mobile unit makes described the 1st lens combination move to the position of satisfying following formula.
1/|f|＜0.01
[remarks item 11]
According to each described optical system of remarks item 1 to 8, wherein,
When the focal length of described the 2nd lens combination was made as f2, described the 2nd lens combination satisfied following formula.
f2＞0
[remarks item 12]
According to each described optical system of remarks item 1 to 8, wherein,
When the focal length of establishing described the 1st lens combination is f1, when the focal length of described the 2nd lens combination was f2, described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination satisfied following formula.
f1＜0
And 1≤| f2/f1|≤5
[remarks item 13]
According to each described optical system of remarks item 1 to 8, wherein,
When the focal length of establishing described the 1st lens combination is f1, when the focal length of described the 2nd lens combination was f2, described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination satisfied following formula.
f1＞0
And 0.5≤| f1/f2|≤2
[remarks item 14]
A kind of aberration correction optical system, this aberration correction optical system are to carrying out the optical system of optically focused from the light beam of light source, a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula being disposed in the mode that can insert light path or extract from light path exclusively.
2(d 2+1×f-1×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
The 1st, from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics to the distance of light source position;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
[remarks item 15]
A kind of laser scanning optical system, this laser scanning optical system dispose a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula in light path in the convergence/divergence optical system in pluggable mode.
2(d 2+1×f-1×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
The 1st, from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics to the distance of light source position;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
[remarks item 16]
A kind of laser scanning microscope, it has remarks item 15 described laser scanning optical systems.
[remarks item 17]
A kind of smooth tweezers optical system, this light tweezers optical system disposes a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula in light path in the convergence/divergence optical system in pluggable mode.
2(d 2+1×f-1×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
The 1st, from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics to the distance of light source position;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
[remarks item 18]
A kind of aberration correction optical system, this aberration correction optical system is a light-gathering optics, this light-gathering optics comprises: the light source that penetrates parallel beam; With the optical system of parallel beam being carried out optically focused,
A plurality of lens that this aberration correction optical system will satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in pluggable mode exclusively.
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
[remarks item 19]
A kind of laser scanning optical system, this laser scanning optical system are configured in a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula in the light path in the mode that can insert light path or extract from light path in parallel beam exclusively.
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
[remarks item 20]
A kind of smooth tweezers, these light tweezers are configured in a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula in the light path in the mode that can insert light path or extract from light path in parallel beam exclusively.
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
According to light-gathering optics of the present invention, corresponding to the refractive index of the medium that makes laser focusing and from the surface of medium to the distance of spot position, by laser divergence point mobile unit the laser divergence point is moved along the optical axis of laser, therefore, the generating capacity of spherical aberration can be done one's utmost to suppress in each position that the degree of depth in medium is different.Therefore, laser can be concentrated on efficiently the desired degree of depth place of medium, can realize the raising of optically focused performance.And, can carry out again optically focused and be observed picture accurately the few light of spherical aberration, therefore can carry out the observation in the high-precision medium.Particularly, only mobile laser divergence point so can not take the time as in the past, can easily carry out spherical aberration correction, and need not to possess special optical system, therefore can realize cost degradation in the simplification of implementation structure.
And, according to optical system of the present invention, by distance the 1st lens combination is moved corresponding to the spot position in the distance medium, can change the position of the light beam that incides the 2nd lens combination, promptly, therefore can carry out from the change of the observed substantial light source position of light-gathering optics, can do one's utmost to be suppressed at the generating capacity of the spherical aberration of desired focal point.And, utilize the 2nd lens combination of the entrance pupil position consistency of rear side focal position and light-gathering optics, the beam diameter of the entrance pupil that incides light-gathering optics is not changed, so can suppress that such in the past light quantity changes and the variation of the light quantity distribution in pupil plane.Therefore, can suppress the optically focused changes of properties.
And, only move the 1st lens combination, can carry out the change of light source position, simplification that therefore can implementation structure can not take time ground and easily carry out spherical aberration correction.

Claims (25)

1. laser focusing optical system, this laser focusing optical system has:
LASER Light Source, its shoot laser;
Light-gathering optics, it is configured between this LASER Light Source and the medium, with described laser optically focused in medium, and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again; And
Laser divergence point mobile unit, its corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes described laser focusing and from the surface of described medium to the distance of spot position, the position of the laser divergence point of described laser is moved along the optical axis of described laser.
2. laser focusing optical system according to claim 1,
This laser focusing optical system possesses scanning element, and this scanning element can scan described laser towards the direction with the light shaft positive cross of described light-gathering optics.
3. laser focusing optical system according to claim 1, wherein,
Described laser divergence point mobile unit comes the position of setting laser divergence point according to the wave front data of the described light-gathering optics of being measured in advance.
4. laser focusing optical system according to claim 1,
This laser focusing optical system has viewing optical system, and this viewing optical system is arranged to cooperate with described light-gathering optics, and the lower surface of light-gathering optics is maintained predetermined distance to the distance on the surface of described medium,
This viewing optical system possesses automatic focusing detecting unit or autofocus mechanism.
5. laser focusing optical system according to claim 1, wherein,
The surface of described light-gathering optics and described medium is constant in the relative distance of optical axis direction.
6. optical system, this optical system has:
Injection unit, it is with parallel beam state outgoing beam;
Light-gathering optics, it is with described beam condenser;
The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described light beam between described injection unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this light beam;
The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, in the described light beam of state configuration between the 1st lens combination and described light-gathering optics that is fixed; And
Mobile unit, it moves described the 1st lens combination corresponding to the distance of the position of the described beam condenser of distance,
The rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
7. optical system according to claim 6, wherein,
Described light-gathering optics makes described light beam optically focused in medium,
Described mobile unit moves described the 1st lens combination corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position.
8. optical system according to claim 6, wherein,
Described injection unit has the LASER Light Source that penetrates laser.
9. light tweezers optical system, this light tweezers optical system has the described optical system of claim 6.
10. optical system according to claim 6, wherein,
When the synthetic focal length of described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination is made as | during f|, described mobile unit makes described the 1st lens combination move to the position of satisfying following formula:
1/|f|＜0.01。
11. optical system according to claim 6, wherein,
When the focal length of described the 2nd lens combination was made as f2, described the 2nd lens combination satisfied following formula:
f2＞0。
12. optical system according to claim 6, wherein,
When the focal length of establishing described the 1st lens combination is f1, when the focal length of described the 2nd lens combination was f2, described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination satisfied following formula:
f1＜0
And 1≤| f2/f1|≤5.
13. optical system according to claim 6, wherein,
When the focal length of establishing described the 1st lens combination is f1, when the focal length of described the 2nd lens combination was f2, described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination satisfied following formula:
f1＞0
And 0.5≤| f1/f2|≤2.
14. an optical system, this optical system has:
LASER Light Source, it penetrates laser;
The parallel beam unit, it will become parallel beam from the light beam of the emitted described laser of this LASER Light Source;
Light-gathering optics, it is described laser optically focused in medium of described parallel beam state, and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again;
Scanning element, it can scan the focal point in the described medium on the direction vertical with the optical axis direction of described laser;
Photodetector, it is configured on the position with described LASER Light Source conjugation, detects by the described light-gathering optics described light behind the optically focused again;
The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described parallel beam between described parallel beam unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this parallel beam;
The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, in the described parallel beam of state configuration between the 1st lens combination and described light-gathering optics that is fixed; And
Mobile unit, it moves described the 1st lens combination corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes described laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position, wherein,
The rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
15. optical system according to claim 14, wherein,
Described scanning element is the galvanometer mirror.
16. an optical system, this optical system has:
LASER Light Source, it penetrates laser;
The parallel beam unit, it will be parallel beam from the Beam Transformation of the emitted described laser of this LASER Light Source;
Light-gathering optics, it is described laser optically focused in medium of described parallel beam state, and will be from the light of focal point optically focused again;
Photodetector, it is configured on the position with described LASER Light Source conjugation, detects by the described light-gathering optics described light behind the optically focused again;
The 1st lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, is configured in the described parallel beam between described parallel beam unit and the described light-gathering optics, can move along the optical axis direction of this parallel beam;
The 2nd lens combination, it is made of the lens more than 1, in the described parallel beam of state configuration between the 1st lens combination and described light-gathering optics that is fixed; And
Mobile unit, it moves described the 1st lens combination, wherein corresponding to the refractive index of the described medium that makes described laser focusing and the distance from the dielectric surface to the spot position
The rear side focal position of described the 2nd lens combination is configured in the vicinity at least of the entrance pupil position of described light-gathering optics.
17. optical system according to claim 16, wherein,
Described the 1st lens combination and described the 2nd lens combination can be inserted light path or extract from light path.
18. optical system according to claim 16, wherein,
Described light-gathering optics and described dielectric surface are constant in the relative distance of optical axis direction.
19. an aberration correction optical system, this aberration correction optical system are to carrying out the optical system of optically focused from the light beam of light source, and a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in pluggable mode exclusively:
2(d 2+l×f-l×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
L is to the distance of light source position from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
20. a laser scanning optical system, this laser scanning optical system in the convergence/divergence optical system, are configured in a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula in the light path in pluggable mode:
2(d 2+l×f-l×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
L is to the distance of light source position from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
21. a laser scanning microscope, this laser scanning microscope have the described laser scanning optical system of claim 20.
22. a light tweezers optical system, this light tweezers optical system is configured in a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula in the light path in pluggable mode in the convergence/divergence optical system:
2(d 2+l×f-l×d)NA＝f×a
Wherein, d is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
L is to the distance of light source position from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
NA is the numerical aperture (from the observed numerical aperture of collector lens) of light source;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
23. an aberration correction optical system, this aberration correction optical system is a light-gathering optics, and this light-gathering optics comprises: the light source that penetrates parallel beam; With the optical system of parallel beam being carried out optically focused,
A plurality of lens that this aberration correction optical system will satisfy following formula are configured in the light path in pluggable mode exclusively:
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
24. a laser scanning optical system, this laser scanning optical system in parallel beam, are configured in a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula in the light path in the mode that can insert light path or extract from light path exclusively:
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
25. light tweezers, these light tweezers in parallel beam, are configured in a plurality of lens that satisfy following formula in the light path in the mode that can insert light path or extract from light path exclusively:
b(f-d)/f＝a
Wherein, b is the parallel beam beam diameter from light source;
D is to the distance of a plurality of lens from the entrance pupil position of light-gathering optics;
F is the focal position of a plurality of lens;
A is the entrance pupil diameter of light-gathering optics.
CNB2005800066722A 2004-04-28 2005-04-27 Laser focusing optical system Expired - Fee Related CN100498411C (en)

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