CN1916324A - Multifunctional composite hollow building block with no cold bridge, self-heat preserved wall body, and buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of wall-brick integrated alternative continuous composite heat-insulating hollow block having no cold bridge effect or brick, composite wall and building. It is characterized by that its wall body can completely eliminate cold bridge effect. Its energy-saving rate can exceed 65%, and can further exceed 75% or 85%. They can be used for construction of low-rise, multistoried and high-rise self-heat-insulating buildings.

Description

Multi-functional no cold bridge composite hollow building block and no cold bridge self heat insulation wall and building

The invention belongs to composite concrete hollow block is comprised composite burn-free brick, and the body of wall of building by laying bricks or stones with them and the improvement of building.These improvement belong to improvement easy, practicality.Simultaneously be again essence, serial complete property improvement.

Title of the present invention also can be referred to as " brick or building block and the compound wall or the building of the incorporate continuous round layer complex heat-preservation that interlock of wall brick ", and its concrete meaning will be mentioned hereinafter repeatedly.

Recently, the Party Central Committee rises to new strategic height with the energy conservation resource; China is high-rise to place energy source in China strategy core status with energy conservation and resource under the situation of worldwide energy resource supply anxiety, become the fundamental state policy that reliable energy resources assurance is provided for the long term growth of China.

Government in all parts of the country pays much attention to policy of Central Government, has proposed enforceable building energy saving rate index one after another, the general second stage target that all requires to reach building energy conservation: building energy saving rate 50%; Wherein provinces and cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Henan have also proposed the phase III target of compulsory implement building energy conservation from now on: building energy saving rate 65%.

The core of building energy saving rate is the retaining wall fractional energy savings of building.Its benchmark relatively is a clay tile wall; The thermal resistance value of 24 clay tile wall idiosomes is approximately 0.35m ²K/w.So how make the body of wall fractional energy savings reach 65%?

Now common way has self-heat conserving, interior insulation, is incubated three kinds of methods outward.These three kinds of methods respectively have pluses and minuses, it has been generally acknowledged that at present outer insulation way has remarkable advantages, because after adopting this method, the body of wall of building and the equal insulation layer of structure beam column cover, can avoid being out of shape the wall body slit that causes because of material temperature, the natural life-span of structure is longer relatively.

Interior insulation is difficult to avoid cold bridge, cold (heat) bridge is the weak link of building enclosure part, usually appear at the positions such as constructional column place, collar tie beam and window place of body of wall corner and interior exterior wall handing-over, extraneous cold (heat) air passes through this type of plurality of thin weakness to indoor infiltration, between body of wall and heat insulating material, form moisture, mildew easily, serious even can destroy the finishing layer.Insulation layer is done externally, is equivalent to extraneous mal-condition is refused fully outside building, so can stop the disadvantage that cold (heat) bridge brings basically.

The shortcoming of outer insulation is the cost height.Estimation is got off, and same building is done outer insulation and improved 1.5 times of costs than insulation in doing.Technology such as the bonding adhesive that is adopted in the middle of the outer insulation, fixed form, outer glass fiber net are all the time by import, just occur the production domesticization product that reaches a standard in recent years, so had only the public building of top grade to afford to use in the past.Be used on the dwelling house, even select the production domesticization product for use as far as possible, under the prerequisite of ensuring the quality of products, estimation is got off, and improves 1.5 times of costs than insulation in doing.

Another shortcoming of outer insulation is that the heat insulation facing layer is exposed among the wind and frost sleet, and its application life is short, poor stability.

External wall outer insulation industry standard " External Thermal Insulation Technology for External rules " by Ministry of Construction's tissue establishment has been passed through examination, is about to publicize and implement.It is aspect safety in utilization and application life, external wall outer insulation is all proposed very strict technical requirements, it is pointed out: " will make outer heat insulating work service life more than 25 years; just requiring the external wall outer insulation engineering no matter to be in high temperature still is the low temperature situation; any breakoff phenomenon that should not cause surface of wall occurs; each ingredient of external wall outer insulation engineering should have physical-chemical stability, and all composition materials should be compatible with each other, should be corrosion resistant or be processed into corrosion resistant.In addition, the area being subjected to biological infringement such as the plague of rats, insect pest also should have anti-biological infringement performance.Therefore, consider every possible angle of the influence of these factors to structure.”

More than require very concrete, strict; This will certainly make, and the cost of outer heat-preserving building further improves, the complex process degree further increases.The application life in 25 years is for outer heat insulating work in addition, really be very high, be not easy to reach easily very much, but for residential customer, particularly multilayer and the residential customer more than the multilayer, so the life-span is again too low, just think, after 25 years, in the time of need reforming outer heat insulating work, can bring how huge trouble inconvenience to the user! And the external thermal insulation of reforming with always do not have being connected of body of wall well like that originally, will be difficult to its application life have again 25 years, how huge this can bring trouble inconvenience to the user again!

In this case, interior insulation, outer heat-preserving building all exist to be difficult to the thoroughly serious problems of solution.The self-heat conserving of why not having a try building?

The building block that can reach the self-heat-insulating bearing wall of body of wall fractional energy savings 65% at present has only two kinds: aerated-block and composite concrete hollow block.

Wherein the aerated blocks body of wall generally is only applicable to the load bearing wall of building below 4 layers, and its drying shrinkage is big, the immersion of can not drenching with rain, and therefore, the difficulty of building multilayer and the building of the self-heat conserving more than the multilayer with it on a large scale by laying bricks or stones is very big, and it is not too big also to can be described as realistic meaning.

Another kind is a composite concrete hollow block by the building block of the self-heat-insulating bearing wall that many people study.The major defect of composite concrete hollow block is at its two ends, filling is less than the position of insulation layer, have cold bridge, the area that it occupied reaches about 15% of this building block lateralarea, if add the area of constructional column, structure beam and collar tie beam, the cold bridge area of whole body of wall will be up to 30%.This obviously is not all right, should manage to overcome this defective.

The blue celebrating of inventor woods proposes the special-shaped light heat insulation blocks of a kind of disconnected heat bridge formula in No. 200320105023 utility application " the special-shaped light heat insulation blocks of disconnected heat bridge formula ": " its block is that concrete is made; planform is different from common building block; for bridge-type abnormally-structured; 2-3 support post and light thermal-insulation body are arranged in concret block; disconnected heat bridge formula light heat insulation blocks of the present utility model has the compressive strength height; sound-insulating is effective, be difficult for permeable characteristics, build by laying bricks or stones conveniently, do not have cold seam, be applicable to that all kinds skin builds by laying bricks or stones.”

Also have some suchlike composite heat insulation block design schemes, all do not touch or do not solve very perfectly this defective.

The purpose of invention: by body of wall and the porous of wall structure spare or the form of structure of round structure of improving composite heat insulation block or brick and building by laying bricks or stones with them, build brick or building block and the compound wall or the building of the incorporate continuous round layer complex heat-preservation of wall brick, thereby promote and expand him they be the whole synthesis performance of master project with heat-insulating property and load-carrying properties, design-build goes out the body of wall fractional energy savings and surpasses 65% multi-functional no cold bridge composite hollow building block and no cold bridge self heat insulation wall and building thereof.

The loose structure of building block or brick generally all is designed to many rounds, and the existing advantage of heat insulating material is set in a certain round: the distribution of heat insulating material is more even; Shortcoming is arranged again: the distribution of heat insulating material is interrupted, can form cold bridge.Therefore the present invention proposes the notion that in building block and brick, body of wall and building, designs integratedly or be provided with round layer compound insulation structure and staggered continuous insulation construction.

Wall structure spare comprises bar-reinforced concrete members such as constructional column, structure beam, collar tie beam.The structure beam refers to along the setting of body of wall height, disposes the combination girder that the casting on flat girder of transverse reinforcement or half hole brick or half hole building block assembling are built.Consult No. 200510067196.7, the application for a patent for invention " a kind of slotted eye building block or brick and light shear wall and related building and job practices " that I propose, and 200520111273.X number " a kind of brick and building block and reinforcing bar connecting piece weld assembly with arrangement of reinforcement half hole ")

The method of invention:, unified consider composite block and brick and relevant body of wall (comprise and construct part) or the insulation construction of building, stressed bearing structure with the method for system engineering, value engineering; Composite block and brick and relevant body of wall or many rounds compound insulation structure of building, the stressed bearing structure of many rounds are carried out improvement unified, reasonable, science and improve;

Specifically be exactly:

A, composite block and brick are designed to the single row or multiple rows pore structure; (this method for designing with the clinker brick of the concrete hollow block of existing single row or multiple rows pore structure, porous and non-burning brick structure and mechanical structure is the same)

Filling or cast foamed plastics or energy-saving heat preserving mortar in b, a row therein or the hole more than the row;

C, to the foamed plastics at the two ends of a side of building block or two sides or the filling of energy-saving heat preserving mortar, cast less than the position carry out suitable cut low.(not at the two ends fluting, be on the long axis ray of building block, not open darker straight trough at least as far as possible; When needing really, only aside the near axis of a round is offered little wedge type groove in mouthful big end or thin wedge type groove.Because too shallow groove is not to can being incubated obvious effect, elongated slot, thick groove can weaken building block too much; And more existing composite block have open darker straight trough, thick groove on long axis ray, and this has bigger influence to the intensity of building block on width.)

The composite heat insulation block or the brick of no cold bridge have so just been made with the continuous round layer compound insulation structure that interlock; This structure is very simple, easy, and what it was done existing composite heat insulation block or brick is subtraction, rather than addition.

But this also must accept above method not enough, with the incorporate idea of wall brick, further continues to take corresponding fit step in body of wall design, wall construction:

D, employing energy-saving heat preserving mortar are built above-mentioned composite heat insulation block or brick by laying bricks or stones, and the hole or the wedge type groove that are positioned on the cold bridge heat flow path are filled and led up or clogged with the energy-saving heat preserving mortar; Wherein, the energy-saving heat preserving mortar of filling usefulness can adopt different with the energy-saving heat preserving mortar of building usefulness by laying bricks or stones, can adopt the energy-saving heat preserving mortar that heat-proof quality is better, light aggregate is thicker.(whitewash mortar of body of wall also can adopt the energy-saving heat preserving mortar)

E, the constructional column that adopts the haydite concrete cast wall and other concrete structural member such as collar tie beam, structure beam etc.; Or at concrete structural member external surface by helping attached foamed plastics cell block financially; Or adopt me in No. 200510067196.7, Chinese patent application " a kind of slotted eye building block or brick and light shear wall and related building and job practices ", and 200520111273.X number " a kind of brick and building block and reinforcing bar connecting piece weld assembly " with arrangement of reinforcement half hole) the middle Slotted brick that has arrangement of reinforcement slotted eye or arrangement of reinforcement half hole, building block or half hole brick, half hole building block, the notch cuttype building block that proposes, assemble composite construction post, structure beam, collar tie beam that cast has steel concrete stem stem, core beam; The concrete of wherein pouring into a mould stem stem, core beam also can adopt haydite concrete or other light weight concrete construction;

After doing like this, by staggered stacked method, make the discontinuous porous layer compound insulating material of script in building block or brick and the body of wall of building by laying bricks or stones thereof or the building (comprising wherein constructional column, structure part), can play the effect of continuous insulation layer further.

Many rounds structure of composite block of the present invention and insulation layer will wherein be expanded to its surface by building block inside, to wall structure spare expansion, and make the surface of these building blocks be used to block the auxiliary insulation layer of cold bridge and body of wall rendering layer or internal wall insulation layer and wall structure spare and be integrated.

To make composite block of the present invention reach incorporate at aspect many rounds composite construction, the heat insulation function and multi-functional aspect after doing like this to learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses with body of wall rendering layer or internal wall insulation layer, the organic cooperation.The body of wall that composite block is built by laying bricks or stones with it becomes multi-functional, high performance novel energy-saving construction product.

To further eliminate the cold bridge of body of wall self and its concrete component after doing like this.Reach the no cold bridge of whole body of wall even whole skin body.(how many degree ground whether interior wall will, be needed eliminate or alleviated cold bridge, decides with needs according to circumstances.)

With the incorporate brick of continuous round layer complex heat-preservation or the new ideas of building block and compound wall or building of interlocking of the wall brick of the present invention's proposition; analyze existing energy-conservation building block and brick, body of wall, building; have more and to meet its design principles; the present invention is that definite conception ground, system all sidedly, have deeply pushed it against to innovation new height, new range, the new degree of depth, new connection degree, also just different with existing product, existing manufacturing process or build process building block that the present invention will protect and brick, body of wall, building.

The present invention is further illustrated with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to 9 below.

Fig. 1 .a is a kind of vertical view of composite block; Fig. 1 .b is the longitudinal section of this composite block;

Fig. 2 .a is a kind of vertical view of composite block; Fig. 2 .b is the longitudinal section of this composite block;

Fig. 3 .a is a kind of vertical view of composite block; Fig. 3 .b is the longitudinal section of this composite block;

Fig. 4 .a is a kind of vertical view of composite block; Fig. 4 .b is the longitudinal section of this composite block;

Fig. 5, a are a kind of vertical views of composite block.Fig. 5 .b is the longitudinal section of this composite block;

Fig. 6 .a is a kind of vertical view of composite block; Fig. 6 .b is the longitudinal section of this composite block;

Fig. 7 .a is a kind of vertical view of composite brick; Fig. 7 .b is the longitudinal section of this composite brick;

Fig. 8 .a is a kind of vertical view of composite brick; Fig. 8 .b is the longitudinal section of this composite brick;

Fig. 9 .a is the elevation of a kind of composite block compound wall of building by laying bricks or stones; Fig. 9 .b is the sectional elevation of this compound wall.

Among the figure: the body of (1) composite block or composite block; (2) foamed plastics or heat-insulation mortar bed; (3) hole; (4) insulation breach or insulation wedge-shaped slot, groove of (5) level or half hole, (6) opening groove; (7) horizontal bar; (8) vertical muscle, the building block or the brick that have longitudinal hole or half hole of (9) haydite concrete material, the composite block of the band horizontal bar groove of (10) haydite concrete material.

Composite block of the present invention has the body (1) of the composite block of being made by light weight concrete constructions such as concrete or haydite concretes, foamed plastics or heat-insulation mortar bed (2), and hole (3) is characterized in that:

A. the material of the body of this composite block or brick (1) is general concrete or the light weight concrete construction that comprises haydite concrete, or is clinker brick;

B. hole (3) is designed to single row of holes or double hole or many rounds, and adopt a round or the filling of two rounds wherein or pour into a mould foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or wooden unit or other adiabator layer (2) of insulation usefulness, from vertical view, these special-purpose thermal insulation holes become a word length hole shape or the shape of falling the isosceles triangle;

C. two ends on one or two side of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, corresponding heat insulating material filling or cast less than length (cold bridge length), the thickness of pruning is the material about 1 to 3 centimetre, form insulation breach (4), perhaps on two end faces of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, offer one or two insulation wedge type groove (4) separately, this wedge type groove (4) can be little for the big end of mouth, the wedge groove that it tilts on one side or both sides tilt also can be thickness and is the narrow wedge groove about 1 to 2 centimetre; The length or the depth ratio cold bridge length of this insulation breach or insulation wedge type groove (4) are suitably longer;

D. in the hole (3), do not clog or pour into a mould the foamed plastics of insulation usefulness or that part of hole of thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material, can design the back cover that helps building by laying bricks or stones.

Illustrate:

The body of this composite block (1) in fact there is no big different with the structure of the concrete hollow block of general single row of holes or double hole or many rounds, just its length that is used to clog or pour into a mould the hole of the foamed plastics of insulation usefulness or heat-insulation mortar bed (2) can suitably increase, and the radius of corner in the bight in its hole can obtain smaller.Therefore compressive strength, the shear strength measure-alike, general concrete hollow block that the usefulness material is identical of the body (1) of this composite block and profile and hole should be identical; Simultaneously, when the structural condition of the body of wall of building by laying bricks or stones at them was identical, the architectural design formula of its building design office foundation should be identical with code of building design, and then its resistance to compression, shear-carrying capacity and the story height that can build by laying bricks or stones also should be identical.

Insulation breach or insulation wedge type groove (4) are the present invention and innovate the relevant composite block of proposition or the new construction of brick.

What the insulation breach was done composite block or brick is not addition, but subtraction, some materials of pruning simply are very simple.But at building wall or after puzzling, after pasting, clog with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material in this kind insulation breach (4) or filling and leading up, these heat insulating materials will block the cold bridge on these areas effectively.Do like this, in fact belong to the inside heat insulation wall body on self heat insulation wall and the local area be combined into one, the benefit of this innovation body of wall is: the principal advantages with self heat insulation wall and inside heat insulation wall body: simple in structure, with low cost; And overcome the fundamental drawback of two kinds of bodies of wall: have many cold bridge areas on the body of wall.

And this subtraction is two vertex angle parts or the two ends that are made in composite block or brick.On building block or brick, the moment minimum that fractures of the key that bear at this place, thereby not too large to the supporting capacity influence of whole building block or brick, besides can also adopt the method that strengthens wall thickness herein that local reinforcement is targetedly carried out in building block or brick.

Wedge groove in the insulation wedge type groove (4) is used for when building a wall, to wherein pouring into a mould thermal insulation mortar.Thermal insulation mortar can be the JMS lightweight screed that Nantong produces, R.E-1 (interior wall) compound insulating material that Nanjing produces or the like; Adopt the wedge groove can increase its root wall thickness, strengthen the rupture strength of cell wall.Narrow wedge groove is used to clog the foamed plastics of good heat insulating, and its purpose also is to increase cell wall thickness, strengthens the rupture strength of cell wall; From this point, also has innovative significance.

Foamed plastics can be polystyrene extruded plastic foamed plastics or other foamed plastics.

The main innovate point of present embodiment is: in body of wall and building that composite heat insulation block is built by laying bricks or stones, heat preserving mode or self-heat conserving mode added the self-heat conserving mode in employing self-heat conserving mode added.Adopt the compound mode of occupation of two kinds of heat preserving modes to solve the body of wall cold bridge problem that the building block cold bridge causes.And now in body of wall that composite heat insulation block is built by laying bricks or stones and building method commonly used be heat preserving mode outside the self-heat conserving mode adds.Such way reduces the body of wall that composite heat insulation block builds by laying bricks or stones and the cost of building greatly, and life-span and safety increase greatly or improve, and its construction technology is also very good; Very easy, very quick.

Building block according to the present invention is to select a round or two rounds or many rounds; It is the insulation layer of selecting a word length hole shape or the shape of falling the isosceles triangle; Be to select insulation breach or insulation wedge type groove (4) and then be to select wedge groove or narrow wedge groove; These three design alternatives at multiple situation, 18 kinds of different textural association forms may appear therebetween; The innovation structure form of each textural association is all corresponding a kind of composite heat insulation block or brick.

Insulation layer in composite block of the present invention or the brick (1) can be clogged before masonry panel, also can in masonry panel, clog, this is distinguishing, the filling bulk that the former uses should be tightlier, even can add some bonding agents (comprise adopt concrete directly cast is bonding).Order according to the user in other words, producer can provide the final finished of composite block of the present invention or brick (1) or the body (1) of composite block of the present invention or brick only is provided.

Fast or the brick of the represented multiple block of Fig. 1 to Fig. 8 is exactly some specific embodiments of this multiple textural association form.Existing insulation breach (4) occurs among the figure that wherein has, and has insulation wedge type groove (4) to occur again, is to show that these two kinds of structures all can use, and can select wherein a kind of during actual design for use.

The wherein concrete hollow block or the brick of the represented complex heat-preservation of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 is characterized in that:

A. hole (3) is designed to double hole, and wherein a round under the prerequisite of the intensity that guarantees masonry or brick, is made the slotted hole at through two ends, and foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material of filling therein or cast insulation usefulness;

B. two ends on a side of the body of this composite block or brick, corresponding heat insulating material filling or cast less than length (cold bridge length), the thickness of pruning is the material about 1 to 3 centimetre, form insulation breach (4), perhaps on two end faces of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, offer the insulation wedge type groove (4) of a tilted shape or narrow shape separately; The length or the depth ratio cold bridge length of insulation breach or insulation wedge groove (4) are suitably longer.

Illustrate: after hole (3) was designed to double hole, the width of its hole and wall thickness will increase greatly than the width and the wall thickness of the hole of the design of three rounds, thereby it bears the ability of what carrying and can obviously improve; The foamed plastics of its filling or cast insulation usefulness or the effective thickness of thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material may increase greatly, and this helps improving the heat insulation thermal resistance value of the body of wall that composite block or brick and even they build by laying bricks or stones.Particularly when the width design load of building block or body of wall is less than 240, especially like this.

When building by laying bricks or stones, adiabator layer can be placed on the wall face direction, way like this, its heat insulation effect will be equivalent to outer heat preserving mode, and prevent that the insulation breach (4) of cold bridge is arranged on interior metope direction, can make the operation of filling insulation breach (4), can carry out indoor, very convenient, make the body of wall finished product of building by laying bricks or stones safer, be convenient to maintenance; This is very favourable to promoting building block of the present invention, brick or body of wall, building.As consider the situation that inner thermal insulating layer can be set at interior metope: at this time, being equivalent to bearing wall is clipped between the two-layer insulation layer, the effect of its heat-insulating property, elimination building block cold bridge is first-class naturally, and the heat capacity of body of wall, heat stability and sound insulation value also can be very high, consider again porous building-brick or brick good load-carrying properties, consider that can No. 200510067196.7 patent applications as hereinafter described utilizing the porous of building block or brick to be deformed into like that disposes the special slotted eye or special half hole of reinforcing bar in length and breadth.Undoubtedly, composite block of the present invention or brick (1) and the body of wall of building by laying bricks or stones thereof or building will form a kind of multi-functional, high performance-price ratio, breakthrough novel building products colony.

Fill insulation breach (4) except adopting foam-plastic blocks or thermal insulation mortar, can also be through the position of design decision, use instead and be wooden unit.The heat-insulating property and the thermal insulation mortar of wooden unit are unanimous on the whole, yet nail in the above, the processing performance of twisting screw is good especially, this helps the heat preservation plate material of interior insulation nail or spiral shell on metope, makes the wall embryo with the incorporate staggered continuous round layer complex heat-preservation of wall brick and the dual compound self heat insulation wall or the building of inner thermal insulating layer; Consult claim 10.For above-mentioned wooden unit is combined with body of wall firmly, can follow closely into pre-buried nail in the appropriate location on wooden unit, when masonry panel, the pre-buried nail on the wooden unit built into wall stitch.

Embodiment shown in Figure 4 is a kind of concrete hollow block or brick of complex heat-preservation of three rounds, it is characterized in that:

A. hole (3) is designed to three rounds, foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material of wherein middle round filling or cast insulation usefulness;

B. two ends on a side of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, corresponding heat insulating material filling or cast less than length (cold bridge length), the thickness of pruning is the material about 1 to 3 centimetre, form insulation breach (4), perhaps on two end faces of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, offer the insulation wedge type groove (4) of one or two tilted shape or narrow shape separately; It is suitably big that the length of insulation breach or insulation wedge-shaped slot (4) or depth ratio cold bridge length are wanted.

Embodiment shown in Figure 5 is a kind of concrete hollow block or brick (also can be single row of holes or many rounds) of complex heat-preservation of two rounds, and it belongs to the building block embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 or the distortion of brick; Except the feature of the concrete hollow block of complex heat-preservation of the present invention or brick, it is also compound is used to dispose the architectural feature of the slotted eye building block of transverse reinforcement.(consult No. 200510067196.7, the application for a patent for invention " a kind of slotted eye building block or brick and light shear wall and related building and job practices " that I propose, and 200520111273.X number " a kind of brick and building block and reinforcing bar connecting piece weld assembly with arrangement of reinforcement half hole ")

The concrete hollow block or the brick of this complex heat-preservation are characterised in that:

A. on the last plane of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, to the following elongated level trough (5) that is used to dispose horizontal bar of offering, the degree of depth of this groove is about 1 to 8 centimetre along its length axes, and width is for less than (width of body (1) deducts the both sides wall thickness);

B. in the hole (3), clog or pour into a mould the foamed plastics of insulation usefulness or the part hole of thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material, can make back cover as last planar design with the groove bottom of level trough (5).

Illustrate: the concrete hollow block or the brick of the complex heat-preservation of the feature of this compound above-mentioned two Patent projects and this patent project, not only has quite good heat preservation and insulation, and do not adopt template, just can dispose transverse reinforcement convenient, reliably, securely, and and then be connected to become tight stem stem, core weir network system or the reinforcing bar network system with vertical stem stem or the longitudinal reinforcement in the constructional column in the body of wall; Thereby the resistance to compression, shear resistant capacity that make no cold bridge self heat insulation wall of the present invention and corresponding building produce significantly, breakthrough lifting.

The degree of depth of groove with greater than 3 centimetres for well, be decided to be now about 1 to 8 centimetre, be to consider existing many block machines, limit by the journey of shape up and down of its patrix, the degree of depth of groove can only be done very shallowly.

Bracket among the feature a represent to get in the bracket the difference of two kinds of length.

The building block of complex heat-preservation of the present invention or brick (1), when being used in brick wall, the structure of its stretcher can be the same with the structure of the concrete hollow block (1) of above-mentioned complex heat-preservation except hole row number should be got one or two rows.But the structure of the header of complex heat-preservation will have its special place, referring to Fig. 8; It is characterized in that:

A. cavity (3) is designed to single row of holes or double hole or many rounds equally, and adopt a round or the filling of two rounds wherein or pour into a mould foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material (2) of insulation usefulness, but the length direction of these holes is transferred and is turn 90 degrees, and parallels with the end face of this header;

B. in many rounds, the foamed plastics of filling or cast insulation usefulness or the hole of thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material (2) can be arranged in the next door of many rounds, and the length in its hole can be greater than the length of medium pore;

C. at an end of the body (1) of this composite brick, corresponding heat insulating material filling or cast less than length (cold bridge length), the thickness of pruning is the material about 1 to 3 centimetre, form insulation breach (4), perhaps on two sides of this termination of the body (1) of this composite brick, offer the insulation wedge type groove (4) of a tilted shape or narrow shape separately; The length or the depth ratio cold bridge length of insulation breach or insulation wedge groove (4) are suitably longer.

Illustrate: the brick of complex heat-preservation of the present invention (1) can be the burn-back brick of extrusion molding production, or the concrete that vibratory drilling method is produced is non-burning brick.

The lateral opening length of filling or cast insulation layer is in order not weaken the bearing strength of this header mid-section body part, to reduce the cold bridge area of its dual-side simultaneously as far as possible greater than medium pore.

When the length of the insulation breach (4) of the header of complex heat-preservation was longer, the breach on both sides can fuse, and was equivalent to the length of this header is cut down about 1 to 3 centimetre.

The existing insulation breach of header (1) (4) of stretcher of complex heat-preservation shown in Figure 7 (1) and complex heat-preservation shown in Figure 8 has insulation wedge type groove (4) again, is not that two kinds of cold bridge insulation constructions are used in expression with, but that expression can be selected for use from two kinds of structures is a kind of.

The stretcher of complex heat-preservation shown in Figure 7 (1) is when building by laying bricks or stones, if any insulation breach (4), should place it in the middle of the body of wall, and filling or cast insulation layer, and this is more convenient builds by laying bricks or stones and whitewash, and its outward appearance and supporting capacity also relatively can be better.

The brick of this complex heat-preservation (1) can adopt one along a fourth method when building brick wall by laying bricks or stones, also can adopt three along a fourth method.

According to exercise question of the present invention and purpose, be to make whole body of wall eliminate cold bridge; Therefore, only insulation breach (4) or insulation wedge type groove (4) are set on the building block of complex heat-preservation or the brick (1) and building by laying bricks or stones among or to fill and lead up with the insulation layer material afterwards still be not enough, also must have all wall structure parts are comprised that constructional column, collar tie beam, structure beam etc. take the design measure of effective thermal insulation.

The global design that this relates to body of wall and building, how to relate to the present invention or existing form composite block or brick become body of wall as main concrete block masonry; Relate to and how to design the structural member that this body of wall comprises constructional column, collar tie beam, structure beam etc., the body of wall that design is built by laying bricks or stones is firm and solid, reliable, the life-span is permanent, while is heat-insulation and heat-preservation (the body of wall fractional energy savings surpasses 65%) again, also will eliminate the cold bridge on all areas of body of wall.

This also can relate to No. 200510067196.7, the application for a patent for invention " a kind of slotted eye building block or brick and light shear wall and related building and job practices " that I propose again, and 200520111273.X number " a kind of brick and building block and reinforcing bar connecting piece weld assembly with arrangement of reinforcement half hole ".

The assembled wall that Fig. 9 is represented has embodied the mentality of designing of body of wall of the present invention: the building block or the general energy-conservation brick of brick or existing form or the main part that compound wall is built (containing aerated blocks) in building block by laying bricks or stones that adopt the complex heat-preservation of claim 1,2,4 described or existing forms; Adopt haydite concrete build the structural member of body of wall or to the structural member of body of wall by helping attached foamed plastics financially, the blockwork or the brick that perhaps adopt haydite concrete to make come the structural member of site assembly cast construction body of wall again; Reach the purpose of the cold bridge area of eliminating all wall structure parts.Specifically, in the present invention, this assembled wall has following four kinds of designs:

First kind of compound wall, the compound wall that adopts building block complex heat-preservation or general energy-conservation or brick to build by laying bricks or stones, this compound wall adopt the joint bar arrangement of reinforcement masonry method of available coagulation soil building-block to build the composite construction post by laying bricks or stones, it is characterized in that:

A. the main wall body of compound wall adopts the building block of the building block of claim 1,2,4 described complex heat-preservations or the complex heat-preservation that existing form was built or adopted to brick (1) by laying bricks or stones or brick or general energy-conservation building block or brick to comprise that aerated blocks builds by laying bricks or stones;

B. the constructional column of compound wall is the diplopore concrete hollow block by existing structure, the composite construction post with steel concrete stem stem that adopts the joint bar method to build by laying bricks or stones;

C. the manufacturing material of this diplopore concrete hollow block is the enough haydite concretes of compressive strength or other lightweight insulating concrete;

D. the mortar of building and whitewash compound wall by laying bricks or stones can adopt thermal insulation mortar or generally build by laying bricks or stones, whitewash mortar, must paste, clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material but go up the special insulation breach of making (4) or insulation wedge type groove (4) for the building block of complex heat-preservation or brick (1); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation;

E. this compound wall inner surface can plastic foamboard or the high-efficiency insulated screed of thickening make one deck inner thermal insulating layer;

F. this compound wall external surface can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

Second kind of compound wall, it also is the compound wall that adopts building block complex heat-preservation or general energy-conservation or brick to build by laying bricks or stones, this compound wall adopt with the joint bar masonry method of available coagulation soil building-block first muscle inequality after the building method of wall carry out the building construction of body of wall and composite construction post, it is characterized in that:

A. the main wall body of compound wall adopts the building block of the building block of claim 1,2,4 described complex heat-preservations or the complex heat-preservation that existing form was built or adopted to brick (1) by laying bricks or stones or brick or general energy-conservation building block or brick to comprise that aerated blocks builds by laying bricks or stones;

B. the constructional column of compound wall is by diplopore concrete hollow block or half hole brick (9) with open groove of end face (6), adopt and establish reinforcing bar earlier, build the composite construction post that cast has the steel concrete stem stem by laying bricks or stones around reinforcing bar again, use the building block of complex heat-preservation or the main wall body that brick (1) is built compound wall by laying bricks or stones then;

C. above-mentioned have the diplopore concrete hollow block of the open groove of end face (6) or the manufacturing material of half hole brick (9) is haydite concrete or other lightweight insulating concrete.

D. build by laying bricks or stones and whitewash compound wall can adopt thermal insulation mortar or generally build by laying bricks or stones, whitewash mortar, must clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material but go up the special insulation breach of making (4) or insulation wedge type groove (4) for the building block of complex heat-preservation or brick (1); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation;

E. this compound wall inner surface can plastic foamboard or the high-efficiency insulated screed of thickening make one deck inner thermal insulating layer;

F. this compound wall external surface can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

The third compound wall adopts claim 1,2, the building block of 4 described complex heat-preservations or the compound wall that brick (1) is built by laying bricks or stones,, column construction method came masonry panel and constructional column after this compound wall adopted existing first wall, it is characterized in that:

A. the main wall body of compound wall adopts the building block of claim 1,2,4 described complex heat-preservations or brick (1) to center on the constructional column reinforcing bar cage of establishing in advance, and reservation constructional column position is built by laying bricks or stones and formed;

B. the constructional column of compound wall is at the reserved location place, make Side shuttering after, fluid concrete haydite concrete or other lightweight insulating concrete and build up;

D. build by laying bricks or stones and whitewash compound wall can adopt thermal insulation mortar or generally build by laying bricks or stones, whitewash mortar, must clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material but go up the special insulation breach of making (4) or insulation wedge groove (4) for the building block of complex heat-preservation or brick (1); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation;

E. this compound wall inner surface can plastic foamboard or the high-efficiency insulated screed of thickening make one deck inner thermal insulating layer;

F. this compound wall external surface can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

The 4th kind of compound wall that compound wall adopts complex heat-preservation or general energy-conservation building block or brick to build by laying bricks or stones, column construction method came masonry panel and constructional column after this compound wall adopted existing first wall, it is characterized in that:

A. the main wall body of compound wall adopts the building block of the building block of claim 1,2,4 described complex heat-preservations or the complex heat-preservation that existing form was built or adopted to brick (1) by laying bricks or stones or brick or general energy-conservation building block or brick to comprise that aerated blocks builds by laying bricks or stones;

B. the constructional column of compound wall is at the reserved location place, make Side shuttering after, fluid concrete and building up;

D. the external surface of the constructional column of this compound wall is benchmark with the wall face, builds, attaches the foamed plastics cell block by laying bricks or stones by group; The external surface of this foamed plastics cell block can attach one deck alkali prevention glass fabric or gauze wire cloth or fine steel rib net before whitewashing, this gauze wire cloth or fine steel rib net can with penetrate the foamed plastics cell block, the embedded bar spare that is embedded in the concrete constructional column connects;

E. build by laying bricks or stones and whitewash compound wall can adopt thermal insulation mortar or generally build by laying bricks or stones, whitewash mortar, must clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material but go up the special insulation breach of making (4) or insulation wedge groove (4) for the building block of complex heat-preservation or brick (1); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation;

F. this compound wall inner surface can plastic foamboard or the high-efficiency insulated screed of thickening make one deck inner thermal insulating layer;

G. this compound wall external surface can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

Illustrate:

Except when adopting various composite heat insulation blocks of the present invention or existing form to comprise aerated blocks as main building block, adopt heat insulating material to outside the clogging or fill and lead up of presumable insulation breach (4) on these composite blocks or insulation wedge groove (4), the common trait of above-mentioned four kinds of compound walls is partly to adopt the incorporate staggered continuous round layer compound insulation structure of wall brick at the constructional column of assembled wall and other structure part, blocks and is present in the wall structure parts and (comprises constructional column as the prefabricated built-up member that adopt light weight concrete construction such as haydite concrete or its cast-in-site member or by helping modes such as attached foamed plastics cell block financially, the structure beam, collar tie beam; Doorframe and window frame can also be arranged) cold bridge located.It is very clear that this point is represented in Fig. 9, and heat insulating materials such as employing haydite concrete carry out the intensive shadow representation of constructional column of complex heat-preservation, and heat insulating materials such as employing haydite concrete carry out the sparse shadow representation of structure beam of complex heat-preservation.Wherein the claim of relevant the third body of wall is not mentioned building block or the brick or the aerated blocks of the complex heat-preservation that adopts existing form, is to consider like this to do do not have novelty.

One, two, four li of compound walls, the scope of application of main building block has expansion, except the present invention above-mentioned no cold bridge composite heat insulation block or brick (1), also comprises general composite heat insulation block and existing energy-saving building blocks or brick, comprises aerated blocks.Composite heat insulation block, aerated blocks and general energy-conservation brick.Use is one, during 2 two kind of compound wall, it should be noted that with its appearance and size it is that its height dimension is done with the measure-alike of assembling, the concrete hollow block of building the composite construction post or half hole brick or matched at least.Consult No. 200510067196.7, the application for a patent for invention " a kind of slotted eye building block or brick and light shear wall and related building and job practices " that I propose, and 200520111273.X number " a kind of brick and building block and reinforcing bar connecting piece weld assembly with arrangement of reinforcement half hole ".

In the narration of the feature of above-mentioned four kinds of compound walls, all mention: as adopting the building block or the brick (1) of complex heat-preservation, must clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material for the insulation breach (4) of top special making or insulation wedge groove (4); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation.Use wooden unit instead and be for the ease of fixing inner thermal insulating layer, this point is mentioned in the above, also will mention (claim 10) below.In order to strengthen and being connected of body of wall, this wooden unit can nail on some and be used for building by laying bricks or stones nail shape built-in fitting at brickwork joint.

The dissimilarity of four kinds of compound walls is:

At first, the structure difference of their constructional column: the constructional column of compound wall one is built the combination cylinder by laying bricks or stones, is the stem stem that is built in the concrete hollow block for assembling; The constructional column of compound wall two also for assembling build the combination cylinder by laying bricks or stones, for being built in the stem stem among half hole building block or the half hole brick; The constructional column of compound wall three is a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete column; The constructional column of compound wall four is that cast-in-situ reinforced concrete column is sticked on the foamed plastics cell block by group.Wherein compound wall one, three is the body of wall of existing structure; (haydite) concrete hollow block or haydite concrete that building materials that constructional column adopts or building block also are existing standard; compound wall two is the body of wall of new structure, and the half hole building block or the half hole brick of employing do not have ready-made standard.

Compound wall four also is the body of wall of new structure; it adopts the method for sticking on the foamed plastics cell block at external surface by group; the difference of the body of wall of it and general outer insulation is: the one, adopt being easy to of fritter by helping attached foamed plastics cell block of building by laying bricks or stones financially; the 2nd, the external surface of foamed plastics cell block flushes or flushes substantially with exterior surface of wall; make foamed plastics be subjected to the protection of both sides building block or brick; can have the longer life-span; the 3rd, can pass self or its puzzle joint of foamed plastics cell block easily; built-in fitting (bar planting) fixedly gauze wire cloth or fine steel rib net are set; reinforce the external rendering layer of foamed plastics cell block external surface; increase the steadiness of this rendering layer; reduce its danger, make it can stick on facing tile safely and reliably.Compare existing outer heat preserving mode and be difficult to the easy facing tile that pastes reliably, the easy bar planting reliably of energy, this also is very important advantage to stick on facing tile.

Secondly, the build process difference of their constructional column: the constructional column of compound wall one adopts the concrete hollow block assembling to build casting by laying bricks or stones to add behind the first wall joint bar method of muscle and build; The constructional column of compound wall two adopts behind the first muscle wall method to add half hole brick or half hole building block assembling and builds casting by laying bricks or stones and build; The constructional column of compound wall three, four adopts the template casting of first wall rear pillar to build.Wherein compound wall one, three adopts existing construction technology to build, and compound wall two, four adopts novel construction process to build.

Once more, their constructional column, the design specifications difference that is suitable for, the complexity difference of popularization: because the wall body structure of compound wall one, three, four, identical with the structure of the body of wall of making the compound wall of constructional column and building block or brick with available coagulation soil building-block joint bar stem stem and the compound wall of reinforced concrete structural column respectively or cardinal principle is identical; As long as make composite block this of the present invention of their uses or the design standard that brick (1) meets the building-block of available coagulation soil or light weight concrete construction, building block or the building materials that its constructional column adopts meet existing standard, be again simultaneously to adopt existing construction technology to build; Compound wall one, three, four can adopt existing code of building design to design, and adopts existing architectural construction technology rules to build, manage, detect, check and accept just natural thing.And according to the design standard design of the building-block of available coagulation soil or light weight concrete construction with make the body (1) of composite block of the present invention or brick, this is very easy to, and can accomplish very soon.This is very advantageous in compound wall one, three, four and building is set up the project rapidly, design rapidly, build rapidly, detect rapidly, promote rapidly.And directly adopting existing energy-conservation brick or building block as wall material, its speed of implementing, promoting will be faster.

Second kind of compound wall and building thereof need to adopt new building block, new construction, new technology, new criteria rules, thereby are unfavorable for rapid project verification, design rapidly, build rapidly, promote rapidly.But it has easy construction, save man-hour, cheap, be convenient to add and join transverse reinforcement and realize advantages such as efficient enhancing body of wall, be worthwhile for it enforcement, promote and work hard.Can implement first and third, four these three kinds of compound walls earlier, implement second kind of compound wall then.

Compound wall one, three belongs to the body of wall of existing structure, and the building materials that its constructional column adopts meet existing standard, is again simultaneously to adopt existing construction technology to build; Except sticking on foamed plastics by group, compound wall four is similar to the situation of compound wall three.Where does their patentability show? there are not such composite block, such body of wall or building to occur at first now; Secondly, the body of wall fractional energy savings of this self heat insulation wall surpasses 65%, and can belong to the blank of filling up high fractional energy savings self heat insulation wall all eliminating cold bridge on the wall area.Once more, present body of wall fractional energy savings has only aerated blocks body of wall and composite block body of wall above 65% self-heat-insulating bearing body of wall, but they all have major defect, fail so far to promote, and fail to form the standard of architectural design; Here say so and plug a gap, have patentability, be not.

These four kinds of bodies of wall are the inner thermal insulating layer of the further making in surface within it all, so that further strengthen the function of its overall heat-insulating property and blocking-up cold bridge.Note that body of wall at this time has not been simple inside heat insulation wall body; But do not have the compound of cold bridge self heat insulation wall and inside heat insulation wall body, and this has been a kind ofly not had the inside heat insulation wall body of cold bridge, it has overcome the fundamental drawback of existing inside heat insulation wall body or building, belongs to the upgrading of inside heat insulation wall body.

These four kinds of bodies of wall can also further be made rendering layer at its external surface with thermal insulation mortar; This more or less can be further increases some thermal resistances at the wall face of key, and don't can produce the inherent shortcoming of external heat insulating wall: price height, dangerous big is not suitable for tile fixing.

The pattern variety of simple no cold bridge self heat insulation wall of the present invention is varied, it is low that its thermal technology's heat-insulating property also has height to have, according to calculating, area to the north of the Yellow River, the fractional energy savings of this body of wall surpasses 65%, the fractional energy savings of this body of wall surpasses 75% to 85% in China, all is easy to reach.This belongs to a kind of novel, fruitful, the comprehensive insulation measure that body of wall is implemented.This is one group of extremely stem-winding data.The self heat insulation wall that heat-insulating property like this has been arranged is fired the campaign of phase III fractional energy savings: promote the building of building energy saving rate 65%, invincible certainty has just been arranged in advance.Moreover, we fire the invincible assurance of quadravalence section, the campaign of five-stage fractional energy savings in addition in advance: now, the building energy saving rate that can promote high comprehensive performance has reached energy efficient building more than 75% or 85%, Chinese style surely.

Above-mentioned four kinds of compound walls, all can further with the 200520111273.X Patent project, improve, enlarge the building block of its use of use or the loose structure of brick in the body of wall as above-mentioned No. 200510067196.7, the design configurations transverse reinforcement, form scientific allocation rationally, easy construction, cheap, system of reinforcing bar in length and breadth or steel concrete stem stem core beam system that the life-span is permanent, increase substantially the resistance to compression shear resistant capacity of compound wall.

This compound wall is characterised in that:

A. every a building block or a brick (1) to number skin complex heat-preservation, one leatherware promptly is set the building block or the brick (10) of horizontal bar groove, and its kind can be slotted eye building block or brick, half hole building block, half hole header, narrow stretcher, the concrete hollow block or the brick (10) (brick is joined in the special use that comprises them) of the described complex heat-preservation of claim 4;

B. in this skin building block or the formed horizontal elongated slot of brick, dispose transverse reinforcement, and this horizontal bar is connected with relevant vertical muscle with methods such as colligation, fastening, welding, lapping and anchoring, stirrup anchorings, then in fact with the mortar of general or insulation or concrete pouring block;

C. above-mentioned building block or brick (10) with horizontal bar groove adopts haydite concrete or other to have the light weight concrete construction manufacturing of higher-strength;

D. the constructional column of this body of wall can not be provided with horse tooth trough as being the cast-in-situ concrete constructional column, makes the straight shape constructional column of light.

Illustrate: when adopting narrow stretcher,, can form the horizontal bar groove of configuration horizontal bar in the centre of both sides stretcher.(consulting the above-mentioned patent of quoting: No. 200510067196.7 " a kind of slotted eye building block or brick and light shear wall and related building and job practices ", and 200520111273.X number " a kind of brick and building block and reinforcing bar connecting piece weld assembly ") with arrangement of reinforcement half hole

This compound wall purposes with reinforcing bar system in length and breadth or steel concrete stem stem core beam system is extremely extensive, of crucial importance, they not only can be used as the load bearing wall of multistory building, correct design its in length and breadth arrangement of reinforcement and edge member thereof structure and carry out necessary test and detect under the prerequisite of examination, they can be as concrete hollow block arrangement of reinforcement wall in length and breadth, as the shear wall of highrise building.This will be a quantum jump, and it will realize that the no cold bridgeization and the body of wall fractional energy savings of the self-heat conserving shear wall of highrise building surpass 65%.

The cast-in-situ concrete constructional column of this body of wall can not be provided with horse tooth trough, make the reason of the straight constructional column of light, is can play and the location shearing resistance effect that replaces horse tooth trough along the high reinforced concrete construction stem stem that distributes of wall.Consult above-mentioned No. 200510067196.7 " a kind of slotted eye building block or brick and light shear wall and related building and job practices ", 200520111273.X number " a kind of brick and building block and reinforcing bar connecting piece weld assembly " with arrangement of reinforcement half hole

The collar tie beam of above-mentioned several compound walls also can adopt the prefabricated step trough half hole building block of haydite concrete, carries out simple and rapid site assembly, cast, construction.Consult above-mentioned 200520111273.X patent application " a kind of brick and building block and reinforcing bar connecting piece weld assembly " with arrangement of reinforcement half hole

This compound wall is characterised in that:

A. the collar tie beam of compound wall adopts half hole building block of the step trough shape of haydite concrete material, is made with on-the-spot method of building assembling, arrangement of reinforcement, cast by laying bricks or stones;

B. the concrete of this collar tie beam cast can be haydite concrete or other lightweight insulating concrete.

Make a general survey of front and back of the present invention content, as can be seen, building block of the present invention and assembled wall have been realized brick (building block), the incorporate general arrangement of wall, in fact, it belongs to rationalization, thoroughization, deepization, the multifunction of the mentality of designing of the building block of loose structure or brick.

It has great block masonry construction theory learning value, and the content of above-mentioned two patent applications that it and I propose touches a virgin land that the field is huge and crucial in the block masonry structure theory together.

It is with the purposes of the loose structure of building block or brick or at direction, from simple saving building materials and maintenance supporting capacity, keep, enlarge, redirect to high-efficiency insulated, eliminate on the cold bridge, keep, enlarge, redirect to the science arrangement of reinforcement, simplify construction technology, reduce construction cost, the enhancing sound insulation value, increase some features, improve on the directions such as its overall performance price compares.

It by the inside that is confined to building block or brick, expands to the external surface of building block or brick with the allocation position of the loose structure of building block or brick, and the integral body that is beneficial to this body of wall adopts easy inexpensive method blocking-up to be present in cold bridge in the building block.

The innovation concept that its essence is mentioned above being exactly repeatedly: brick or building block and the compound wall or the building of the incorporate continuous round layer complex heat-preservation that interlock of wall brick.That is carried here certainly should add quotation marks continuously, is interrupted because many rounds just mean insulation layer, says that it is continuous, is meant that the heat insulation effect of insulation layer is unanimous on the whole with the heat insulation effect of continuous insulation layer after adopting staggered stacked method.

Speak of the loose structure multifunction of building block or brick, should mention that also minor diameter wind hole (27), ventilation Rose Box (37), the sound insulation casing (53) mentioned in ventilating duct in the body of wall of mentioning in the application for a patent for invention that I propose No. 200410036785.4 " improving the low noise broad sense air-conditioning system of air filtration combination property significantly " and this application also are to adopt the loose structure of building block or brick to build or form.

Building block of the present invention and assembled wall, variety type is many, applied range, supporting capacity is big, construction cost is low, speed of application is fast, long service life, sound insulation value is good, maintenance maintenance is easy, joint soil saves land, the equipment funds less investment, wherein considerable variety type can directly adopt standard, rules, the standard of existing building design to design, construct, make, thereby start easily, can set up the project rapidly, design rapidly, build rapidly, detect rapidly, promote rapidly.

More important, more crucial is the heat insulation structural novelty of building block of the present invention and assembled wall, practical, efficiently, multi-functional, long-life, they not only can make the fractional energy savings of the self-heat-insulating bearing body of wall of building surpass 65%, 75%, great shelves such as 85% mouthful, can also be the simplest, most convenient, the most cheap, the most comprehensive, eliminate all the cold bridge areas on this body of wall the most reliable and securely, it has been filled up fractional energy savings and has surpassed 65%, 75%, the blank of 85% no cold bridge self-heat-insulating bearing body of wall, under the situation that the current the whole Party and national people builds a conservation-minded society, the building energy saving rate of trying to be the first on whole nation building circle surpasses in the upsurge of 65% energy saving building, and being impelled to speak, this is a great technological project that concerns the overall situation.

No cold bridge composite block of the present invention or brick and no cold bridge self heat insulation wall and building thereof have potential or the possibility that increases substantially very much aspect raising fractional energy savings and the elimination cold bridge.

Composite block of the present invention or brick (1) can adopt haydite concrete or other high strength light concrete manufacturing; No cold bridge self heat insulation wall of the present invention and building thereof can whitewash in inside, when decorating, adopt high-efficiency insulated mortar and increase the method for whitewashing thickness, or adopt the method for sticking on plastic foamboard; Or these two kinds of methods of compound employing simultaneously; Can also whitewash wall face by thermal insulation mortar, after doing like this, can make the body of wall fractional energy savings and then make building energy saving rate further bring up to 75%, even further bring up to more than 85%, the building energy saving rate level that makes China succinct, long-lived, high-strength, cheap, maintenance maintenance is easy, on the basis of employing traditional construction material, traditional architecture technology, catch up with and surpass the advanced international standard of building energy saving rate.

Four kinds of compound walls that the present invention is above-mentioned and building thereof are based on the basis of the structuring concept of the incorporate staggered continuous round layer complex heat-preservation of wall brick.This self-heat conserving compound wall and interior heat preserving mode can be combined, further promote its heat-insulating property or body of wall fractional energy savings, perhaps can reduce body of wall to the insulation of the building block used or brick require, the building block of use or the scope of brick further enlarge.Carried out extensively exemplifying of a large amount of, deep narration and embodiment based on top, now can be with more summarizing, more comprehensively, more the feature of compound wall of the present invention narrated in system, more deep language, but in the narration of this feature, will use the functional language that some are difficult to avoid:

According to claim 5,6,7,8 described compound wall or buildings, adopt the building block of complex heat-preservation of claim 1,2,4 described or existing forms or brick (1) or existing energy-conservation brick or building block to build by laying bricks or stones, it is characterized in that:

A. the constructional column of this compound wall or building has claim 5,6,7,8 the described feature of wall structure post: the structure with the incorporate staggered continuous round layer complex heat-preservation of wall brick;

B. the main wall body of this compound wall or building adopts building block or the brick (1) or existing energy-conservation brick the building of the complex heat-preservation of claim 1,2,4 described or existing forms, and the thermal resistance value of wall idiosome is greater than 0.52m ²K/w or greater than 0.68m ²K/w;

C. the inner surface of this compound wall or building is with nail, spiral shell, the method for pasting, whitewashing, and adopts the high-efficiency insulated screed of heat preservation plate material such as plastic foamboard or thickening that one deck inner thermal insulating layer is set;

D. the external surface of this compound wall or building can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

Illustrate: have the constructional column of claim 5,6,7,8 described combination of features wall, have the structure of the incorporate staggered continuous round layer complex heat-preservation of wall brick; As the core bearing carrier or the main cold bridge area place part of compound wall, the design of these constructional columns and body of wall purpose according to the invention, method according to the invention.

About the thermal resistance value of body of wall greater than 0.52m ²K/w is greater than 0.52m ²The thermal resistance value of k/w is the requirement of existing national building energy-saving standard to the thermal resistance value at the cold bridge place of the construction wall of Xia Redong cryogenic region, and general house building often adopts 24 bodies of wall, and 0.52m ²K/w is bigger by 50% than the thermal resistance value of 24 clay tile walls.Therefore this is not a thermal resistance value arbitrarily, but has represented the thermal resistance value at the body of wall cold bridge place minimum technical standard numerical value in a certain period.0.68m ²K/w also is like this, and it is bigger by 30% than previous thermal resistance value, is equivalent to the difference of the building energy saving rate index in two stages.

In the present embodiment, incorporate wall body structure and the interior heat preserving mode that interlocks continuous round layer complex heat-preservation of wall brick unites two into one, but with simple inside heat insulation wall body the structural different of key are arranged again, it has overcome the significant deficiency that there are many cold bridge areas in existing inside heat insulation wall body.Simultaneously, it can also reduce the requirement to wall self-insulation, because thermal resistance value is greater than 0.52m ²K/w or greater than 0.68m ²K/w is a requirement that is easy to reach, and this makes body of wall of the present invention or building can reduce requirement to the heat-insulating property of the building block used or brick greatly, makes it be more prone to obtain promote.

The front is mentioned locating going up the special insulation breach of making (4) through the building block of some complex heat-preservations of Design Orientation or brick (1), can be adopted wooden unit to fill and lead up; This is with nail, spiral shell method, fixedly installs one deck inner thermal insulating layer and has created condition easily.

Certainly, because the minimum temperature of each department, north and south differs very big, to the selecting for use of building block or brick, must not be arbitrarily careless to the thermal performance design of body of wall, must be according to the minimum temperature of location, select energy-conservation building block or brick for use, carry out the INSULATION DESIGN of body of wall, particularly, must carry out the inner calculating that produces condensate water of body of wall when designing first at cold district.Accomplish both to save, can not produce condensate water and freeze injury again;

Still to not carry out inner calculating or the test that produces condensate water of body of wall here, when insulation breach (4) in aforementioned relevant body of wall or insulation wedge groove (4) are located filling or filled and led up thermal insulation mortar, should do inner calculating or the test that produces condensate water of body of wall yet.In addition, selecting wall material for use, when particularly selecting the whitewashing of interior metope, the masonry mortar of the exterior wall of building for use, should note improving its humidity resistance, in case of necessity, can be in this some position of metope add and be coated with damp-proof course, or take other moisture preventive measure; Note also simultaneously and adopt fire-retardant, nontoxic building materials.

Because the body of wall inner surface in the present embodiment attaches and is compounded with inner thermal insulating layer, has the anti-cold bridge condition of good heat-preserving anti-freezing.Thereby body of wall of the present invention or the building under many circumstances, can lower the requirement, directly adopt existing energy-conservation brick or building block, or after existing energy-conservation brick or building block done some slightly and improve, be used for designing, building energy-saving wall or building, start, use, promote so that can access rapidly.

For example, can adopt the energy-conservation brick of porous or this compound wall of concrete block masonry or the building of existing form, it is characterized in that:

What build a. that the main wall body adopts by laying bricks or stones is the energy-conservation brick or the energy-saving building blocks of existing unburned or sintering, double hole or single row of holes or three rounds, and the ratio of the hole sectional area of this kind brick or building block and total sectional area is greater than 30%;

B. adopt thermal insulation mortar to build and clog energy-conservation brick of porous or building block by laying bricks or stones, build by laying bricks or stones with the thermal insulation mortar of clogging can be identical or inequality, the thermal resistance value of the wall idiosome that is built into is greater than 0.52m ²K/w or greater than 0.68m ²K/w;

C. the porous of energy-conservation brick of porous or building block is if any back cover, and this back cover face should be built below, makes the aperture upwards, convenient filling thermal insulation mortar.

This script can not or not much now as the energy-conservation brick of porous or the building block of filling thermal insulation mortar, non-burning brick etc. as sludge fly ash modulus brick, octal.Thereby may immediately bring, design use, and behind the filling thermal insulation mortar, not only help promoting heat-insulating property, also help the compressive strength and the shear strength of promoting body of wall and building.

No cold bridge composite hollow building block of the present invention and no cold bridge self heat insulation wall and building thereof, or brick or building block and the compound wall or the building of the incorporate continuous round layer complex heat-preservation that interlock of wall brick, urgent demand from current energy conservation, show the structure of its practical Qin brick and Han tile reliably and porous building-brick to going through long-term practice to use, make up with material, build combination and building method by laying bricks or stones, carried out deep, deep, system, fully, breakthrough innovation is excavated, its principle is simple and clear, it is novel in design practical, and its theoretical learning value accident is huge; Its product category is varied, and its construction wall fractional energy savings is broken through obviously, and its and comfortable for living increases substantially, its economic technology performance promotes comprehensively, and its ratio of performance to price is very excellent, and its application prospect is extensively far-reaching, and its equipment funds input is almost not worth mentioning.Its multi-storey building, high residential building and low story dwelling are very big in the requirement of China, and its annual requirement can reach 2,000,000,000 m ², annual value of production can reach 4 trillion yuan, and the year increasing degree of its annual requirement can reach more than 10%.

Claims (10)

1. the concrete hollow block of a complex heat-preservation or brick (1) have the body (1) of composite block, foamed plastics or heat-insulation mortar bed (2), and hole (3) is characterized in that:

A. the material of the body of this composite block or brick (1) is general concrete or is the light weight concrete construction that comprises haydite concrete, or is clinker brick;

B. hole (3) is designed to single row of holes or double hole or many rounds, and adopt a round or the filling of two rounds wherein or pour into a mould foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or wooden unit or other adiabator layer (2) of insulation usefulness, from vertical view, these special-purpose thermal insulation holes become a word length hole shape or the shape of falling the isosceles triangle;

C. two ends on one or two side of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, corresponding heat insulating material filling or cast less than length (cold bridge length), the thickness of pruning is the material about 1 to 3 centimetre, form insulation breach (4), perhaps on two end faces of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, offer one or two insulation wedge type groove (4) separately, this wedge type groove (4) can be little for the big end of mouth, the wedge groove that it tilts on one side or both sides tilt also can be thickness and is the narrow wedge groove about 1 to 2 centimetre; The length or the depth ratio cold bridge length of this insulation breach or insulation wedge type groove (4) are suitably longer;

D. in the hole (3), do not clog or pour into a mould the foamed plastics of insulation usefulness or that part of hole of thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material, can design the back cover that helps building by laying bricks or stones.

2. the concrete hollow block of complex heat-preservation according to claim 1 or brick is characterized in that:

A. hole (3) is designed to double hole, and a round is wherein made the slotted hole at through two ends under the prerequisite of the intensity that guarantees masonry or brick, and foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material of filling therein or cast insulation usefulness;

B. two ends on a side of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, corresponding heat insulating material filling or cast less than length (cold bridge length), the thickness of pruning is the material about 1 to 3 centimetre, form insulation breach (4), perhaps on two end faces of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, offer the insulation wedge type groove (4) of a tilted shape or narrow shape separately; The length or the depth ratio cold bridge length of insulation breach or insulation wedge groove (4) are suitably longer.

3. the concrete hollow block of complex heat-preservation according to claim 1 or brick (10) is characterized in that:

A. on the last plane of the body (1) of this composite block or brick, to the following elongated level trough (5) that is used to dispose horizontal bar of offering, the degree of depth of this groove is about 1 to 8 centimetre along its length axes;

B. in the hole (3), clog or pour into a mould the foamed plastics of insulation usefulness or the part hole of thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material, can make back cover as last planar design with the groove bottom of level trough (5).

4. the brick of complex heat-preservation according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that as header:

A. cavity (3) is designed to single row of holes or double hole or many rounds equally, and adopt a round or the filling of two rounds wherein or pour into a mould foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material (2) of insulation usefulness, but the length direction of these holes is transferred and is turn 90 degrees, and parallels with the end face of this header;

B. in many rounds, the foamed plastics of filling or cast insulation usefulness or the hole of thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material (2) can be arranged in the next door of many rounds, and the length in its hole can be greater than the length of medium pore;

C. at an end of the body (1) of this composite brick, corresponding heat insulating material filling or cast less than length (cold bridge length), the thickness of pruning is the material about 1 to 3 centimetre, form insulation breach (4), perhaps on two sides of this termination of the body (1) of this composite brick, offer the insulation wedge type groove (4) of a tilted shape or narrow shape separately; The length or the depth ratio cold bridge length of insulation breach or insulation wedge groove (4) are suitably longer.

5. the compound wall that adopts building block complex heat-preservation or general energy-conservation or brick to build by laying bricks or stones, this compound wall adopt the joint bar arrangement of reinforcement masonry method of available coagulation soil building-block to build the composite construction post by laying bricks or stones, it is characterized in that:

A. the main wall body of compound wall adopts the building block of the building block of claim 1,2,4 described complex heat-preservations or the complex heat-preservation that existing form was built or adopted to brick (1) by laying bricks or stones or brick or general energy-conservation building block or brick to comprise that aerated blocks builds by laying bricks or stones;

B. the constructional column of compound wall is the diplopore concrete hollow block by existing structure, the composite construction post with steel concrete stem stem that adopts the joint bar method to build by laying bricks or stones;

C. the manufacturing material of this diplopore concrete hollow block is the enough haydite concretes of compressive strength or other lightweight insulating concrete;

D. the mortar of building and whitewash compound wall by laying bricks or stones can adopt thermal insulation mortar or generally build by laying bricks or stones, whitewash mortar, must paste, clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material but go up the special insulation breach of making (4) or insulation wedge type groove (4) for the building block of complex heat-preservation or brick (1); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation;

E. this compound wall inner surface can plastic foamboard or the high-efficiency insulated screed of thickening make one deck inner thermal insulating layer;

F. this compound wall external surface can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

6. the compound wall that adopts building block complex heat-preservation or general energy-conservation or brick to build by laying bricks or stones, this compound wall adopt with the joint bar masonry method of available coagulation soil building-block first muscle inequality after the building method of wall carry out the building construction of body of wall and composite construction post, it is characterized in that:

A. the main wall body of compound wall adopts the building block of the building block of claim 1,2,4 described complex heat-preservations or the complex heat-preservation that existing form was built or adopted to brick (1) by laying bricks or stones or brick or general energy-conservation building block or brick to comprise that aerated blocks builds by laying bricks or stones;

B. the constructional column of compound wall is by diplopore concrete hollow block or half hole brick (9) with open groove of end face (6), adopt and establish reinforcing bar earlier, build the composite construction post that cast has the steel concrete stem stem by laying bricks or stones around reinforcing bar again, use the building block of complex heat-preservation or the main wall body that brick (1) is built compound wall by laying bricks or stones then;

C. above-mentioned have the diplopore concrete hollow block of the open groove of end face (6) or the manufacturing material of half hole brick (9) is haydite concrete or other lightweight insulating concrete.

D. build by laying bricks or stones and whitewash compound wall can adopt thermal insulation mortar or generally build by laying bricks or stones, whitewash mortar, must clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material but go up the special insulation breach of making (4) or insulation wedge type groove (4) for the building block of complex heat-preservation or brick (1); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation;

E. this compound wall inner surface can plastic foamboard or the high-efficiency insulated screed of thickening make one deck inner thermal insulating layer;

F. this compound wall external surface can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

7. adopt claim 1,2, the building block of 4 described complex heat-preservations or the compound wall that brick (1) is built by laying bricks or stones,, column construction method came masonry panel and constructional column after this compound wall adopted existing first wall, it is characterized in that:

A. the main wall body of compound wall adopts the building block of claim 1,2,4 described complex heat-preservations or brick (1) to center on the constructional column reinforcing bar cage of establishing in advance, and reservation constructional column position is built by laying bricks or stones and formed;

B. the constructional column of compound wall is at the reserved location place, make Side shuttering after, fluid concrete haydite concrete or other lightweight insulating concrete and build up;

D. build by laying bricks or stones and whitewash compound wall can adopt thermal insulation mortar or generally build by laying bricks or stones, whitewash mortar, must clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material but go up the special insulation breach of making (4) or insulation wedge groove (4) for the building block of complex heat-preservation or brick (1); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation;

E. this compound wall inner surface can plastic foamboard or the high-efficiency insulated screed of thickening make one deck inner thermal insulating layer;

F. this compound wall external surface can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

8. the compound wall that adopts building block complex heat-preservation or general energy-conservation or brick to build by laying bricks or stones, column construction method came masonry panel and constructional column after this compound wall adopted existing first wall, it is characterized in that:

A. the main wall body of compound wall adopts the building block of the building block of claim 1,2,4 described complex heat-preservations or the complex heat-preservation that existing form was built or adopted to brick (1) by laying bricks or stones or brick or general energy-conservation building block or brick to comprise that aerated blocks builds by laying bricks or stones;

B. the constructional column of compound wall is at the reserved location place, make Side shuttering after, fluid concrete and building up;

D. the external surface of the constructional column of this compound wall is benchmark with the wall face, builds, attaches the foamed plastics cell block by laying bricks or stones by group; The external surface of this foamed plastics cell block can attach one deck alkali prevention glass fabric or gauze wire cloth or fine steel rib net before whitewashing, this gauze wire cloth or fine steel rib net can with penetrate the foamed plastics cell block, the embedded bar spare that is embedded in the concrete constructional column connects;

E. build by laying bricks or stones and whitewash compound wall can adopt thermal insulation mortar or generally build by laying bricks or stones, whitewash mortar, must clog or fill and lead up with foamed plastics or thermal insulation mortar or other heat insulating material but go up the special insulation breach of making (4) or insulation wedge groove (4) for the building block of complex heat-preservation or brick (1); Wherein, can use wooden unit instead and fill and lead up through some positions of Design Orientation;

F. this compound wall inner surface can plastic foamboard or the high-efficiency insulated screed of thickening make one deck inner thermal insulating layer;

G. this compound wall external surface can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

9. according to claim 5,6,7,8 described compound walls, it is characterized in that:

A. every a building block or a brick (1) to number skin complex heat-preservation, one leatherware promptly is set the building block or the brick (10) of horizontal bar groove, and its kind can be slotted eye building block or brick, half hole building block, half hole header, narrow stretcher, the concrete hollow block or the brick (10) (brick is joined in the special use that comprises them) of the described complex heat-preservation of claim 3; Wherein the collar tie beam building block that one leatherware has step trough can be set on the top of compound wall;

B. at this skin building block or brick or in the horizontal elongated slot that the collar tie beam building block is built into, dispose transverse reinforcement, and this horizontal bar connected with relevant vertical muscle with methods such as colligation, fastening, welding, lapping and anchoring, stirrup anchorings, then in fact with the mortar of general or insulation or concrete pouring block;

C. the above-mentioned collar tie beam building block that has the building block or the brick (10) of horizontal bar groove or have a step trough adopts haydite concrete or other to have the light weight concrete construction manufacturing of higher-strength;

D. the constructional column of this body of wall can not be provided with horse tooth trough as being the cast-in-situ concrete constructional column, makes the straight shape constructional column of light.

10. according to claim 5,6,7,8 described compound wall or buildings, adopt the building block of complex heat-preservation of claim 1,2,4 described or existing forms or brick (1) or existing energy-conservation brick or building block to build by laying bricks or stones, it is characterized in that:

A. the constructional column of this compound wall or building has claim 5,6,7,8 the described feature of wall structure post: the structure with the incorporate staggered continuous round layer complex heat-preservation of wall brick;

B. the main wall body of this compound wall or building adopts building block or the brick (1) or existing energy-conservation brick the building of the complex heat-preservation of claim 1,2,4 described or existing forms, and the thermal resistance value of wall idiosome is greater than 0.52m ²K/w or greater than 0.68m ²K/w;

C. the inner surface of this compound wall or building is with nail, spiral shell, the method for pasting, whitewashing, and adopts the high-efficiency insulated screed of heat preservation plate material such as plastic foamboard or thickening that one deck inner thermal insulating layer is set;

D. the external surface of this compound wall or building can be made rendering layer by thermal insulation mortar.

Images