CN1899716A - Method for repairing lead polluted soil using super enriching plant Tephrosia candida - Google Patents
Method for repairing lead polluted soil using super enriching plant Tephrosia candida Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to plant repair technology for contaminated environment, and is especially method of repairing lead polluted soil with lead enriching plant Tephrosia candida. The method includes seeding Tephrosia candida in lead polluted soil and cutting and removing Tephrosia candida plants of 100-120 cm height in 4-5 months after seeding. The said method can remove polluting lead permanently and repair lead polluted soil in low power consumption and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology of contaminated environment, particularly utilize plumbous enriching plant to repair the method for contaminated by heavy metals soil.
Technical background
The approach of heavy-metal contaminated soil has following two kinds usually: the one, and the environmental pollution that the underground metal mining activity causes, pollution type mainly contains mineral deposit mineral in the near coal-mine surrounding soil under environmental factor long terms such as water, gas, heat and the more serious soil of heavy metal pollution that forms; The heavy-metal contaminated soil that causes because of reasons such as leachings in the mining barren rock stacking process; Pollution that the mine wastewater of higher concentration heavy metal causes soil etc. is contained in the mine of containing the higher concentration heavy metal.The 2nd, the heavy-metal contaminated soil that cause the trade effluent irrigated farmland.The phenomenon of lead-contaminated soil is commonplace in China some areas, Yunnan Province in some non-ferrous metal mining area and the surrounding area, smeltery also particularly serious, typically reach 500～18096mg/kg as plumbous average content in the soil of non-ferrous metal mining area, south, the eastern regions of the Yunnan Province, in GB15618-1995 " soil environment quality standard " is the soil critical value that ensures agriculture and forestry production and plant normal growth, critical value is≤500mg/kg, exceeding standard rate reaches 60-100%, pollution index 3.47-33.66, the soil lead contamination is quite serious.Lead content is 850.7-4790.1mg/kg in the and for example northern government office in feudal China area farming operation soil, surpasses 127-1388 times of non-plumbous soil average.
Lead is a kind of accumulation poisonous substance.Lead in the soil can be shifted to organism by bio-absorbable, and the people is then plumbous by the food chain picked-up.Lead can be invaded nervous system, and is emotional, and insomnia, dreaminess, hypomnesia, tired appear in the blood picture erythremia, and then develop into manic, blind, in a certain state of delirium, stupor, seriously causes cerebrovascular anoxic and death.Lead and compound thereof can cause palpitaition, and have carcinogenic and mutagenesis.
At present, the technology that is generally used for the heavy metal pollution of soil reparation has: Agro-ecology measure, engineering measure and biological control measure.The Agro-ecology measure comprises two aspects: the one, and the Agro-ecology regulation and control are as regulating P in soil H value, soil moisture, Eo+ (Eh) etc.; The 2nd, agronomy reclamation activities, the dominant mechanism of this kind method are the heavy metal in the curing soil, increase the absorbability of soil to heavy metal, are had certain effect to reducing heavy metal by the crop absorption, effectively reduce the threat of heavy metal to human health.But this method can't fundamentally be prevented and treated heavy metal pollution of soil.
Engineering measure comprises soil chemistry drip washing, electronic reparation, electric heating reparation, the method for improving the soil, curing technology etc.Soil chemistry drip washing is effectively to handle one of effective means of difficult volatile heavy metal contaminated soil, and selecting suitable extractant is the key of this technology, but all there are also unresolved or perfect technical problems such as recovery, secondary pollution in which kind of extractant; Electronic reparation is particularly suitable for the clay and the silt soil of hypotonicity, economical rationality, but because the complexity of soil system component, the practical application phenomenon opposite with experimental result often appears, all can influence the effect of electronic reparation shock-absorbing capacity, component, ion as soil formed, the kind of pollution metal ion etc., itself is corroded metal electrode easily, also can cause the secondary pollution of soil; The weak point of electric heating reparation is that the soil organism and constitution water are subject to destruction, drives soil moisture and need consume big energy; Soil pollution is effective to the method for improving the soil to small size, administer but be suitable for soil pollution on a large scale, and the soil of exchanging away still exists and deal carefully with, and avoids secondary pollution problem; Curing technology has certain effect, the in-situ solidifying heavy metal reduces cost greatly, but certain limitation is also arranged: just changed heavy metal and have a form in soil, have little understanding to the soil long-time stability with to Ecosystem System Influence, also lack the research of this respect at present.
Biological control measure is to utilize some specific animal and plant and microorganism to siphon away the heavy metal pollution in the soil quickly and reach the purpose that purifies soil.Compare with physics, chemical treatment method, have advantages such as safety, expense is cheap, effective, be called as a kind of new environmental friendliness substitute technology.But microorganism is repaired and also faces certain difficult problem, and microbes biomass is little on the one hand, and the amount of metal of absorption is less; Be difficult to carry out post processing on the other hand because of its biomass is very little; Phytoremediation: be to utilize self-sow plant or genetic engineering to cultivate plants to repair the technology general name of metallic pollution soil.This technological core is the extraordinary effect of green plants, is driving force with solar energy, becomes the focus of academia's research with its potential advantage such as efficient, economic and ecological harmony.
Hyperaccumulative plant (Hyperaccmulator) also be super enriching plant, is meant that the energy excess absorbs and the plant of accumulation heavy metal, and this definition is proposed by Baker and Brooks etc. at first.Hyperaccumulative plant should possess three features simultaneously: the one, and plant shoot, as stem or leaf, tenor is the 10-500 of common plant under same growth conditions times, its critical content is 1000mg/kg; The 2nd, plant shoot divides content of beary metal greater than this kind of root tenor; The 3rd, tangible poisoning symptom does not appear in the growth of plant.Living on the higher soil of heavy metal pollution degree that the upperground part biomass significantly do not reduce is the key character that hyperaccumulative plant is different from common plant, and this is one of performance characteristic of the superpower patience that is different from common plant that has of hyperaccumulative plant.And for common plant, the growth though some plant also can survive in this case, its aerial part biomass tends to obvious reduction, and it is short and small to be usually expressed as plant, and the biological characteristics that has also can change, as leaf, pattern variable color etc.Since in the soil plumbous mobility a little less than, and fixing with sulfate or phos-phate forms easily by soil colloid or plant rhizosphere absorption, be unfavorable for plant absorbing.Therefore, the research of coercing of at present relevant plant absorbing enriched lead and anti-lead is less.The external plumbous hyperaccumulative plant of having reported has penny cress to belong to about 14 kinds of (Thlaspi rotundilolium), tall oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius), love penny cress (Thlaspi caerulescens) etc.Domestic native Jing Jie (Chenopodiumambrosioides), greenery three-coloured amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), false indigo (Sophora japonica) and Pinnate Beggarticks 4 kinds of plumbous hyperaccumulative plants such as (Bidens maximowicziana) reported.In addition, Sedum alfredii Hance (S.alfredii) and sorrel plants such as (Rumex acetosa) also has the certain absorption enrichment to the lead in the soil.But the big multi-biomass of the lead of having found super accumulation plant is less, and poor growth has greatly limited their practical applications aspect remediating lead-contaminated soil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of expense cheap, workable, do not destroy soil physico-chemical property, do not cause secondary pollution, remediating lead-contaminated soil is had the method for the utilizing enriching plant in repairing lead polluted soil of good result.
To achieve these goals, the method for the present invention's employing is as follows:
A kind of method of utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil, its method is to contain the soil upper seeding wheel plant Tephrosia candida seed of pollutant lead, after planting 4-5 month, when plant length arrives plant height 100-120cm, remove with the harvesting of plant shoot branch and from contaminated soil, root system by Tephrosia candida absorbs the lead in the contaminated soil, and lead is transferred to the overground part organ of Tephrosia candida, divides and realizes the purpose of removing pollutant in soil lead thereby remove plant shoot again.
The described method of utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil, plantation plant Tephrosia candida on the soil that contains pollutant lead, before the sowing, with 50-60 ℃ of water seed soaking half an hour, dry the back sowing, sowing time be annual March to April, spacing in the rows * line-spacing=50-130cm * 60-130cm, per hectare application rate 4-7kg.
The described method of utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil, describedly on the soil that contains pollutant lead, plant Tephrosia candida, broadcast the back after 4-5 month, can cradle toothing 45-60cm during plant height 100-120cm, can cut 1-2 time then, can cut 2-3 time in the 2 or three year, and utilize time limit 3-4, plant second batch again, repeat said process, until thoroughly removing the lead that exceeds standard in the soil.
The described method of utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil can be in order to burning electricity generation behind plant harvesting, and the method for metal, compost, compression landfill that reclaims is handled.
Tephrosia candida, a kind of pulse family Baptisia, formal name used at school Tephrosia candida DC..Have another name called mountain green soy bean, bastard indigo beans.Perennial undershrub.Originate in the torrid areas, Asia.Be distributed in the torrid zone and subtropical zone.Guangdong Province is mainly as the green manure nurse crop in children rubber plantation in age, citrus garden and the concealment tree of children's coffee garden in age.Also there is cultivation on ground such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian.Plant height 1-3m, branch has rib, close living brown or grey fine hair.Imparipinnate leaf, the blade face does not have hair, the close smooth long pubescence of white of giving birth to of blade back.Give birth on the raceme top or armpit is given birth to long 15-20cm; Corolla is about 2cm; The long 7-10cm of pod, wide about 8mm, the smooth silk hair of close living brown; Seed 10-15 grain is arranged.About 50,000 of every kilogram of seed.Adaptability is strong, and is acidproof, anti-lean, drought-enduring, happiness light, and happiness heat also can be stood the low temperature about 0 ℃, can both grow at south subtropics and torrid areas, especially demonstrates advantage at dry-hot valley.Tephrosia candida germinating power is strong, cuts down for the end of the year second autumn and just can recover original appearance, can repeatedly cut down utilization.Grow under nature, need not special management, need not the Acidity of Aikalinity of special control soil, not tight to the soil requirement, most of area is used for the plantation of red soil side slope in Yunnan.
Only can absorb in a large number and the plant of enriched lead just can be used to remediating lead-contaminated soil, therefore, in the screening process of hyperaccumulative plant kind, the lead content in the plant is the index of most critical.According to result of the test, lead content is up to 5000-6000mg/kg in the Tephrosia candida body, lead had stronger absorption accumulation ability, and it is also stronger to shift plumbous ability by root to overground part, and plant shoot divides content of beary metal greater than this kind of root tenor, and the biomass of Tephrosia candida does not reduce, tangible poisoning symptom does not appear in growth, comparatively common in being subjected to the lead contamination environment, upgrowth situation is better, has adaptability widely.
Having carried out great deal of experimental in north, Heqing government office in feudal China area, is 2-100mg/kg according to lead content in the non-plumbous abnormal soil of data, average 10mg/kg; Be subjected to that lead content is 850.7-4790.1mg/kg in the farming operation soil of lead contamination, the 84-478 that surpasses non-plumbous abnormal soil lead content average doubly; Under the pollution sources in the wind direction mountain soil lead content be subjected to severe contamination up to 4157.3-6810mg/kg.Detect the crop that this area is subjected to lead contamination, main food paddy rice and corn lead content are up to 17.5mg/kg and 16.1mg/kg, and green vegetables and garlic bolt are 160.5mg/kg and 120.3mg/kg, and the lead content of Tephrosia candida is up to 2231.6mg/kg.In the Tephrosia candida body lead of enrichment be same contaminated area under growth conditions of the same race other crop the highest lead tolerance 14-138 doubly, be the non-plumbous abnormal soil crop lead content of areal 446-1116 doubly, non-plumbous abnormal soil lead content is 2-5mg/kg, embodies Tephrosia candida and is being subjected to the super enrichment of plumbous severe contamination soil; The unusual interior lead content of Tephrosia candida body of non-lead is generally 8-20mg/kg simultaneously, and has given play to its ability to the super enrichment of lead at the Tephrosia candida that is subjected to grow on the lead-contaminated soil, and lead content reaches original more than 200 times in the body.
South coloured mining area soil testing shows in the eastern regions of the Yunnan Province, the lead contamination exceeding standard rate is greater than 50% area in the soil, lead tolerance embodies the super enrichment repair ability to moderate and slight lead-contaminated soil up to 1600mg/kg in the Tephrosia candida body of planting in the soil lead content is the 291.2-2802mg/kg scope.
The present invention is by the lead in the super enriching plant Tephrosia candida absorption extraction soil, permanently solve the soil pollution problem, remediating lead-contaminated soil, have that energy consumption is lower, expense is cheap, workable, do not destroy the environment physicochemical property, do not cause secondary pollution, can significantly reduce operating cost, can large tracts of land on contaminated soil, use.Experimental results show that Tephrosia candida is a kind of super enriching plant, the present invention utilizes the super enrichment extraction effect of Tephrosia candida to lead metal, by this hyperaccumulative plant of plantation on lead-contaminated soil, contaminated soil can stablized, reduce soil drifting, water erosion reaches when not causing the underground water secondary pollution, make contaminated soil obtain repairing, can permanently solve the problem of soil lead contamination, little to environmental perturbation, be reliable, the technology that environment is comparatively safe, compared with prior art, neither destroy and pollute the on-site soil structure, less demanding to soil and planting conditions, have popularity and operability; Greatly reduce rehabilitation expense again.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Lead content mean value in certain lead-contaminated soil is 800mg/kg, with the Tephrosia candida seed with 50 ℃ of water seed soaking half an hour, drying the back sowed March, plant in this soil by spacing in the rows * line-spacing=50 * 60cm, the per hectare application rate is 7kg, the growth of giving free rein to, after 5 months, gather in its overground part during plant height 120cm first, toothing 60cm measures by analysis, and lead content is 1500mg/kg in the overground part, lead content mean value in the soil is reduced to 450mg/kg by original 600mg/kg, is equivalent to make the lead content in the soil to reduce 20%.Harvested material send the waste guaveyard security landfill, and the Tephrosia candida of being planted can cut 1 time then, can cut 2-3 time in the 2 or three year, utilizes time limit 3-4, plants second batch again, repeats said process, until thoroughly removing the lead that exceeds standard in the soil.
Embodiment 2
With the Tephrosia candida seed with 60 ℃ of water seed soaking half an hour, drying the back sowed April, plant by in the soil of lead contamination by spacing in the rows * line-spacing=60 * 100cm, the per hectare application rate is 4kg, the growth of giving free rein to, after 4 months, gather in its overground part during plant height 100cm first, toothing 50cm, harvested material send the waste guaveyard security landfill, the Tephrosia candida of being planted can cut 2 times then, can cut 2-3 time in the 2 or three year, and utilize time limit 3-4, plant second batch again, repeat said process, until thoroughly removing the lead that exceeds standard in the soil.
Embodiment 3
Lead content mean value in certain lead-contaminated soil is 1000mg/kg, the method of pressing embodiment 1 is with the Tephrosia candida plantation after 2 years, measure by analysis, lead content is 2200mg/kg in the overground part, overground part to the absorption enriching quantity of the lead in the soil with increasing its growth period, lead content in the soil has lead content level in the normal soil of continuous recovery (＜100mg/kg) trend, thereby the both economical purpose of eliminating lead contamination in the soil that reached effectively.
Embodiment 4
With the Tephrosia candida seed with 55 ℃ of water seed soaking half an hour, drying the back sowed April, plant by in the soil of lead contamination by spacing in the rows * line-spacing=100 * 100cm, the per hectare application rate is 5kg, the growth of giving free rein to, after 4 months, gather in its overground part during plant height 100cm first, toothing 45cm, harvested material is gathered behind the seed, send the waste guaveyard security landfill, the Tephrosia candida of being planted can cut 2 times then, can cut 2-3 time in the 2 or three year, utilize time limit 3-4, plant second batch again, repeat said process, until thoroughly removing the lead that exceeds standard in the soil.
Embodiment 5
With the Tephrosia candida seed with 60 ℃ of water seed soaking half an hour, drying the back sowed April, plant by in the soil of lead contamination by spacing in the rows * line-spacing=130 * 130cm, the per hectare application rate is 4kg, the growth of giving free rein to, after 4 months, gather in its overground part during plant height 100cm first, toothing 55cm, harvested material send the waste guaveyard security landfill, the Tephrosia candida of being planted can cut 2 times then, can cut 2-3 time in the 2 or three year, and utilize time limit 3-4, plant second batch again, repeat said process, until thoroughly removing the lead that exceeds standard in the soil.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of method of utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil, it is characterized in that its method is to contain the soil upper seeding wheel plant Tephrosia candida seed of pollutant lead, after planting 4-5 month, when plant length arrives plant height 100-120cm, remove with the harvesting of plant shoot branch and from contaminated soil.
2, the method for utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that prior to seeding, with 50-60 ℃ of water seed soaking half an hour, dries the back sowing.
3, the method for utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that be that annual March is to April sowing time.
4, the method for utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that spacing in the rows * line-spacing=50-130cm * 60-130cm, per hectare application rate 4-7kg.
5, the method for utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that described harvesting Tephrosia candida, toothing 45-60cm.
6, the method for utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that the Tephrosia candida of planting can cut 1-2 time then, can cut 2-3 time in the 2 or three year, utilizes time limit 3-4, plants second batch again.
7, the method for utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that can be in order to burning electricity generation behind plant harvesting, and the method for metal, compost, compression landfill that reclaims is handled.
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| CN102240665A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-11-16 | 杭州大清智能技术开发有限公司 | Method for ecologically managing super-standard lead of tea garden soil |
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| CN100431723C (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2008-11-12 | 成都理工大学 | Polluted soil plant-repair method |
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| CN102240665A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-11-16 | 杭州大清智能技术开发有限公司 | Method for ecologically managing super-standard lead of tea garden soil |
| CN102989756A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-03-27 | 常州大学 | Cr contaminated soil phytoremediation method based on bioavailability |
| CN104126405A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-11-05 | 兰州大学 | Method for remedying calcicolous soil polluted by heavy metals of copper and lead through phytostabilization |
| CN104126405B (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-05-25 | 兰州大学 | The fixing restorative procedure of plant of heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil |
| CN104607445A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-05-13 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Application of petunia hybrid to restore lead-polluted soil |
| CN108817077A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-16 | 西施生态科技股份有限公司 | A method of utilizing super enriching plant Tephrosia candida remediating lead-contaminated soil |
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