CN1894499A - 阀装置、尤其是一个高压燃料泵的入口阀 - Google Patents
阀装置、尤其是一个高压燃料泵的入口阀 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及高压燃料泵(16)的阀装置(47),该阀装置具有一个设置在阀腔(42)中的阀元件(46)及一个在上游与阀腔(42)邻接的流体通道(30)。本发明提出:流体通道(30)被这样地构成,以致流入阀腔(42)的流体流至少区段地具有绕流体通道(30)的纵向轴线(40)的旋转(涡旋)。
Description
现有技术
本发明涉及一种阀装置、尤其是一个高压燃料泵的入口阀装置,该阀装置具有一个设置在阀腔中的阀元件及一个在上游与该阀腔相邻接的流体通道。
开始部分所述类型的阀装置已由市场公开了。它例如应用在一个共轨喷射***的高压燃料泵上。这种高压燃料泵被构造成活(柱)塞泵。作为通向一个输送室的入口阀设有一个球式止回阀。止回阀的球被设置在一个阀腔中,一个输入孔通到该阀腔中。输入孔包括:一个第一通道区段,该通道区段基本上垂直于活塞泵的活塞的纵向轴线;及一个第二通道区段,该区段相对活塞泵的活塞的纵向轴线同轴地布置。这两个通道区段的纵向轴线相交在一个相交区域中。当活塞泵工作时在该相交区域中出现流入入口阀的燃料的一个锐角的偏转。
本发明的任务在于,对开始部分所述类型的阀装置这样地改进,以使得它尽可能无损耗地工作及由此使其中使用该阀装置的(例如)一个高压燃料泵的效率得以改善。
该任务在开始部分所述类型的阀装置上这样来解决,即流体通道被这样地构造,使得流入阀腔的流体流具有绕流体通道的纵向轴线旋的转(涡旋)。
本发明的优点
流动中加入的旋转(“涡旋”或“自旋”)导致离心力,通过这些离心力,流动被压到壁上。以此方式可防止:例如当方向改变时在形成相应负压区域的情况下流体流脱离流体通道的壁。由此可避免在转向区域中的滞止压力(Staudruck)及流动阻力下降。并进一步地避免了流体通道中的气蚀损害。由于紧贴在流体通道壁上的流体流动,流体通道被均匀地注入流体,这在阀部件相同的打开持续时间的情况下可导致更大的通过量。
此外,由于任何时刻紧贴壁的流动,流体通道的长度可作得更小,这使阀装置及在其中使用该阀装置的(例如)燃料泵的结构尺寸总地减小。通过具有涡旋的流动,可避免或完全防止原来存在的极不稳定的紊流的流动过程(脉冲形式的速度曲线),这减小了流体通道及一个另外的设置在上游的区域的负荷。因此也是对将流体导入阀装置的输送泵的节省。
通过流体通道中变得均匀的流动,阀元件本身也被均匀地绕流及由此在打开的悬浮状态下也保持在中心,这就是说,通过单侧地在旁边流动的液体在阀上不产生任何横向力。这同样导致阀装置效率的改善及阀元件磨损的减小。
本发明的有利的进一步构型给出在从属权利要求中。
首先提出,流体通道包括一个第一通道区段及一个与该第一通道区段连接的第二通道区段,其中通道区段的纵向轴线彼此成一个小于180°的角,及其中第一通道区段的纵向轴线相对第二通道区段的纵向轴线侧向地错位。通过该侧向错位以简单方式引起在第二通道区段中流动的旋转。由此可有效地平滑由于两个通道区段之间的弯折产生的紊流,或根本不会形成这种紊流。
当两个通道区段的纵向轴线至少彼此大致成一个直角时,则该旋转特别地明显。在此情况下,在第二通道区段中的流动被加上的涡旋最强,及因此由根据本发明的阀装置可达到的优点也最大。
本发明还提出,该阀装置包括一个球或一个圆锥形部件,作为阀元件。由于流入阀腔的流体的旋转运动也使旋转对称的阀元件形成转动。这防止了所述阀元件上的单侧磨损及提高了配置给阀元件的阀座的耐久性。
根据本发明的阀装置的一个特别优选的构型的特征是:两个通道区段在横截面中具有至少大致相同的半径;及这些纵向轴线的侧向错位大于该半径。这简化了根据本发明的阀装置的制造及由此降低了制造成本,因为对于两个通道区段可使用相同的钻孔刀具。
本发明还提出,第一通道区段与第二通道区段之间的过渡区域借助电化学材料腐蚀进行加工。这可实现第一通道区段向另一通道区段的很大程度上的无棱边的过渡,这对于均匀的流动也是有利的。
在此情况下特别优选的是,从第一通道区段向第二通道区段的过渡区域包括弯曲的壁。这导致特别平滑的流动,在该流动中出现很少的紊流。
特别优选的是,第一通道区段轴向上延伸不超过或不根本地超过第二通道区域。由此降低了在从第一通道区段向第二通道区段偏转处的上游的滞止压力,这使流动阻力进一步减小及在流体技术方面使阀装置的效率总地得以改善。
还可以是,第一通道区段的纵向轴线及第二通道区段的纵向轴线相夹一个大于90°的角度。这导致了附加的阻力下降。
附图说明
以下将参照附图来详细说明本发明的一个特别优选的实施例。附图表示:
图1:具有一个高压燃料泵的内燃机的概要视图;
图2:图1中高压燃料泵的壳体的一个截面;
图3:沿图2的线III-III的一个截面;
图4:图2中的一个细节IV;
图5:沿图4的线V-V的一个截面;
图6:沿图4的线VI-VI的一个截面;
图7:沿图6的线VII-VII的一个截面;
图8:图1的高压燃料泵的壳体的一个变型的实施形式的、类似于图3的一个视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中一个内燃机总地具有一个参考标号10。它包括一个燃料容器12,一个前级输送泵14由该燃料容器将燃料输送到一个高压燃料泵16。该高压燃料泵将燃料压缩到一个很高的压力及将其输送到一个燃料蓄集管18(“Rail”-“轨”),燃料在高压下存储在该燃料蓄集管中。在燃料蓄集管上连接了多个喷射器20,它们将燃料直接地喷射到它们所对应的燃烧室22中。
在图2及3中更加详细地表示出该高压燃料泵16的壳体24。该壳体包括三个缸26a,26b及26c,它们基本上相同地构成。为简化起见,以下仅参照缸26a。
在缸26a中具有一个活塞孔28,在其中纵向可移动地接收了一个未示出的活塞。活塞孔28通过一个流体通道30可与一个燃料入口32相连接。燃料入口32再与前级输送泵14相连接。
流体通道30被划分为两个通道区段34及36。第一通道区段34以一个角度从一个入口通道(未标号)离开,后者又从一个燃料入口32导出。第一通道区段34向外通过一个未设标号的球阻塞。第一通道区段的纵向轴线38垂直于活塞孔28及第二通道区段36的纵向轴线40延伸(参见图3)。但这两个纵向轴线38及40彼此不相交。如尤其从图2及4与6及7中看到的,代替相交,第一通道区段34的纵向轴线38相对第二通道区段36的纵向轴线40侧向地错位。该侧向错位在图6及7中用V表示。这两个通道区段38及40在横截面中具有相同的半径,该半径大于两个纵向轴线38及40的侧向错位V。
如尤其从图6中可看到的,在第一通道区段34与第二通道区段36之间的过渡区域中具有一个从第一通道区段34向第二通道区段36弯曲的壁面41。该壁面借助电化学的材料腐蚀加工出来。通道区段34的在图6的截面平面中径向外部的壁通过该壁面41无弯折或棱边地过渡到通道区段36的相应壁区段。
在流体通道30的第二通道区段36与活塞孔28之间设有一个阀腔42。在阀腔42与第二通道区段36之间构造有一个阶台,该阶台构成用于阀球46的一个阀座44,该阀球被接收在阀腔42中(参见图4及5)。阀球46由一个在图中未示出的弹簧向阀座44上加载。与阀腔42连接着一个输送室47。如尤其由图7可看到的,第一通道区段34几乎不延伸超出第二通道区段36。流体通道30,阀座44及阀球46总地构成一个阀装置47。
高压燃料泵16将如下地工作(在这里也是参照缸26a):
在活塞的抽吸行程时阀球46从阀座44上抬起。燃料现在从前级输送泵14通过燃料入口32、第一通道区段34、第二通道区段36及穿过阀球46与阀座44之间的间隙流动到阀腔42中及再到输送室47中。由于第一通道区段34的纵向轴线38与第二通道区段36的纵向轴线40之间的错位V,流体流受到一个侧向运动分量(图6中箭头48)。该侧向运动分量受到弯曲的壁41的支持,而不会由此在第一通道区段34中建立一个明显的滞止压力。
燃料从第一通道区段34到达第二通道区段36。在此情况下燃料受到90°的方向改变。但由于侧向运动分量48,当流体流到第二通道区段36中时将附加地出现围绕第二通道区段36的纵向轴线40的旋转运动。该旋转运动也被称为“涡旋”或“自旋”及在图6及7中设有标号50。当流体流在第一通道区段34与第二通道区段36之间的过渡区域中改变方向时,通过涡旋50可阻止流动的分离,该流动分离将会导致流动阻力的增大及气蚀形成的危险及导致相应的磨损。
通过涡旋50还使在打开状态中的阀球46形成旋转,由此使其均匀地磨损。因此可在非常长的时间上保持它的密封功能及阀座44的密封功能。因为防止了两个通道区段34与36之间的过渡区域中及尤其在第二通道区段36中的燃料流动的分离,也不会引起流体流以相应缩小的水力(hydraulisch)直径收缩,该缩小的水力直径将会导致节流的增强。
图8中表示出一个变型的实施形式。这里与上面附图的部件及区域等同功能的那些部件及区域具有相同的标号。对它们不再详细地说明。与第一实施例不同地,这里第一通道区段34的纵向轴线38相对第二通道区段36的纵向轴线40不是成90°的角度而是成大约45°的角度。由此可附加地实现一个更有利的、即阻力更小的流动。
Claims (9)
1.阀装置(47)、尤其是一个高压燃料泵(16)的入口阀装置,该阀装置具有一个设置在一个阀腔(42)中的阀元件(46)及一个在上游与该阀腔(42)邻接的流体通道(30),其特征在于:该流体通道(30)被这样地构成,使得流入阀腔(42)的流体流具有绕流体通道(30)的纵向轴线(38,40)的旋转(涡旋)。
2.根据权利要求1的阀装置(47),其特征在于:该流体通道包括一个第一通道区段(34)及一个与该第一通道区段连接的第二通道区段(36),其中这些通道区段(34,36)的纵向轴线(38,40)彼此成一个小于180°的角,及其中第一通道区段(34)的纵向轴线(38)相对第二通道区段(36)的纵向轴线(40)侧向地错位(V)。
3.根据权利要求2的阀装置(47),其特征在于:这两个通道区段(34,36)的纵向轴线(38,40)至少彼此大致成一个直角。
4.根据以上权利要求中一项的阀装置(47),其特征在于:该阀装置包括一个球(46)或一个圆锥形部件作为阀元件。
5.根据权利要求2至4中一项的阀装置(47),其特征在于:两个通道区段(34,36)在横截面中具有大致相同的半径;这些纵向轴线(38,40)的侧向错位(V)大于该半径。
6.根据权利要求2至5中一项的阀装置(47),其特征在于:第一通道区段(34)与第二通道区段(36)之间的过渡区域借助电化学材料腐蚀进行加工。
7.根据权利要求6的阀装置(47),其特征在于:所述过渡区域包括一个从第一通道区段(34)向第二通道区段(36)弯曲的壁(41)。
8.根据权利要求2至7中一项的阀装置(47),其特征在于:第一通道区段(34)轴向上不超过或不根本地超过第二通道区域(36)地延伸。
9.根据以上权利要求中一项的阀装置(47),其特征在于:第一通道区段(34)的纵向轴线和第二通道区段(36)的纵向轴线相夹一个大于90°的角。
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DE2003157612 DE10357612A1 (de) | 2003-12-10 | 2003-12-10 | Ventilanordnung, insbesondere Einlassventil einer Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe |
DE10357612.6 | 2003-12-10 |
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CN1894499A true CN1894499A (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
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CNA2004800369928A Pending CN1894499A (zh) | 2003-12-10 | 2004-10-21 | 阀装置、尤其是一个高压燃料泵的入口阀 |
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US (1) | US20080190502A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1700028B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4373447B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1894499A (zh) |
DE (2) | DE10357612A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005057004A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN109964032A (zh) * | 2016-10-20 | 2019-07-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于燃料喷射***的高压泵 |
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ITMI20080288A1 (it) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Pompa di alta pressione per alimentare combustibile ad alta pressione ad un motore a combustione interna |
DE102009000945A1 (de) * | 2009-02-18 | 2010-08-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffpumpe |
JP6988196B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-27 | 2022-01-05 | 株式会社Soken | 燃料噴射装置 |
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JP2001246216A (ja) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-09-11 | Denso Corp | 気液分離装置 |
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2003
- 2003-12-10 DE DE2003157612 patent/DE10357612A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2004
- 2004-10-21 JP JP2006543352A patent/JP4373447B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-21 US US10/581,415 patent/US20080190502A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-21 DE DE200450006447 patent/DE502004006447D1/de active Active
- 2004-10-21 CN CNA2004800369928A patent/CN1894499A/zh active Pending
- 2004-10-21 WO PCT/DE2004/002343 patent/WO2005057004A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-21 EP EP04802632A patent/EP1700028B1/de active Active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109964032A (zh) * | 2016-10-20 | 2019-07-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于燃料喷射***的高压泵 |
CN109964032B (zh) * | 2016-10-20 | 2021-10-01 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于燃料喷射***的高压泵 |
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EP1700028A1 (de) | 2006-09-13 |
JP4373447B2 (ja) | 2009-11-25 |
DE502004006447D1 (de) | 2008-04-17 |
JP2007513292A (ja) | 2007-05-24 |
DE10357612A1 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
EP1700028B1 (de) | 2008-03-05 |
US20080190502A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
WO2005057004A1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
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