CN1858803A - Three dimension uniform model construction method of water conservancy hydropower engineering geological information - Google Patents
Three dimension uniform model construction method of water conservancy hydropower engineering geological information Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to a structure and analysis method for geographical 3-D unified models of water conservancy and water and electricity engineering, which couples multi-source data by the mixed data structure of NURBS YIN and BRep to realize 3-D unified modeling to all modeling objects and analyze said 3-D model including: analyzing the space geographical structure of the coupled multi-source data, carrying out sorted geometry modeling based on the mixed data structure of the NURBS, TIN and the BRep, carrying out Boolean operation based on the space relation among them and analysis and test for reliability to finish the structure of the 3-D unified model and finish the geographical analysis to water conservancy and water electricity engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the construction method of engineering geology three-dimensional model, particularly relate to the coupling multi-source data and realize Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model construction and analytical approach.
Background technology
Reasons such as Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering is operation under the high mountain gorge condition mostly, and is abominable owing to geologic condition, that tectonic structure is complicated, geological information is numerous have been brought great difficulty to engineering geology exploration, hinge layout and design, underground engineering construction management etc.In each stage of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological mapping exploration, need to obtain various geological informations, comprise face of land landform, bed boundary, tomography, underground water table, weathering depth distribution and physical prospecting, geochemical exploration data etc., so that provide effective reference date to construction.But these are by the direct information that means such as measurement, exploration obtain, and often all are some discrete discontinuous data, and the geologist is difficult to directly utilize these data analyses to go out their regularities of distribution in geologic body.Promptly allow to predict the distribution value of various information in institute geologize zone, in the face of a large amount of output datas, the geologist still can feel difficulty.
The processing of traditional engineering geological data and analytical approach generally adopt the mode of two dimension, static state.The architectonic fluctuations in space that this method can be described, intuitive is poor, often can not fully disclose its spatial variations rule, be difficult to make people direct, complete, understand and experience underground geological condition exactly, more and more can not satisfy engineering geology teacher, designer's actual job demand.Improve constantly under the condition that constantly develops with computer technology in the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering construction requirements, the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three-dimensional modeling that the present invention relates to is a key issue that needs to be resolved hurrily with analyzing, and is subjected to vast water conservancy and hydropower worker's close attention.
Though external three-dimensional geological modeling and analysis and research are carried out early, and a series of comparatively ripe business modeling software packages have been developed, as the GOCAD of French Earth Decision Sciences company, the SurpacVision of the international software company of the EarthVision of U.S. Dynamic Graphics company, Australian Surpac etc., but it mainly is towards fields such as reservoir engineering, mining engineerings, is difficult to promote the use of in China Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering field.
In addition, traditional GRID or the TIN data structure of general at present employing carried out three-dimensional geological modeling, and the contradiction between its memory data output and the precision is more outstanding; And because the complicacy of geologic structure body, feature such as non-linear, utilize the analytical function determined or linear interpolation to be difficult to the geometric shape of representing that it is complicated and changeable.And the analytic function of this type of technical scheme is single, can not satisfy the needs of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology multianalysis.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve above-mentioned existing in prior technology defective, and a kind of structure and analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model are proposed, by based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS), the MIDAS mixed data structure of TIN (TIN) and boundary representation (BRep), all valid data in multiple source of being coupled are realized the structure of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification models, and this model is carried out a series of analyses, thereby be Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering exploration under the Analysis of Complex geologic condition in conjunction with the engineering actual conditions, geological problem in the design and construction provides reliable data message.
A kind of structure and analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model, by MIDAS mixed data structure based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS), TIN (TIN) and boundary representation (BRep), all valid data in multiple source of being coupled are realized the structure of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification models, and this model is carried out a series of analyses in conjunction with the engineering actual conditions, this method may further comprise the steps:
Space geologic structure to the coupling multi-source data is resolved;
, carry out the boolean operation computing according to the spatial relationship between them, and carry out fail-safe analysis and check its Geometric Modeling of classifying based on NURBS, TIN and BRep MIDAS mixed data structure, finish the structure of three dimensional unification model;
Finish the matter analysis of a series of water conservancy and hydropower building site based on the three dimensional unification model.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has successfully solved the big and demanding contradiction of analysis of complex geologic body information storage.The present invention provides a cover system complete fail-safe analysis and measuring means from geometry character, rationality, raw data precision and four aspects of feedback information for model, guarantees the objective and accurate property of model.Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological analysis method based on the three dimensional unification model of the present invention, comprise that the visual classification of rock-mass quality, three-dimensional model dissect the generation automatically of analysis, two dimensional cross-section, dam and underground works geological analysis, rock mass area volume calculation, the automatic generation of isoline etc. arbitrarily, for the geological problem in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering exploration, the design and construction under the Analysis of Complex geologic condition provides strong technological means.The present invention can realize modeling simply fast to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, and provide model feedback mechanism, common data channel easily, upgrading in time of the data implementation model that can be coupled new fast is for Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering exploration, design and construction provide the brand-new technology support.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a NURBS-TIN-BRep multi-source MIDAS mixed data structure synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure synoptic diagram of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional geological modeling process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is certain the actual Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model that makes up;
Fig. 5 is based on the visual classification modeling of the rock-mass quality flow process of three-dimensional geological model;
Fig. 6 is certain the actual engineering dam district riedel-treppe three-dimensional model that makes up;
Fig. 7 is based on the numeral boring analysis that three-dimensional geological model carries out.
Embodiment
The three dimensional unification model building method of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological information proposed by the invention, the technical scheme main contents of employing comprise the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geologic structure space analysis of the multi-source data that is coupled, the structure and the analysis of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model.
1, the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geologic structure space analysis of coupling multi-source data, concrete steps comprise:
The original geologic data of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering is divided into the spatial surface data, comprise landform, particle, remote sensing images; And underground space data, comprise boring, footrill, physical prospecting.Carry out the space analysis that the landform three-dimensional digital is handled, formation lithology is divided and folded fault is constructed according to the requirement of three-dimensional modeling, with above raw data respectively according to direct data available (as boring, the footrill attribute data, form stores) and indirectly graph data (stratigraphic boundary that obtains as dimensional topography, measured section, decipher, fold/fault tectonic trace etc., the AutoCAD platform) is coupled, finishes section and make; Whether and it is realistic to introduce balanced section technique check section; At last all horizontal strokes, longitudinal profile and side grain etc. are carried out layering according to unified standard and sort out and three-dimensional conversion process, under three-dimensional environment, check the coupling consistance of each layer point, line object, for three-dimensional geological modeling provides objective and accurate basic data.
2, the structure of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model, concrete steps comprise: modeling object is divided into naturally verifying to resemble (comprises the landform class, the stratum class, tomography class and boundary class) and artificial object (comprise dam, the underground structure, boring, footrill etc.), based on NURBS, TIN and BRep MIDAS mixed data structure (as shown in Figure 1) are to its Geometric Modeling of classifying, carry out the boolean operation computing according to the spatial relationship between them, and carry out fail-safe analysis and check, finish the structure of the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model of coupling geological information and engineering works information.
(1) 3-dimensional digital landform NURBS simplifies modeling.Face of land landform is the most direct meat and potatoes in the geological form, and digital terrain model (Digital Terrain Model, DTM) be not only the acceptor of all arithmetic operations in the whole geology modelling process, also be its important ingredient simultaneously, it must satisfy that memory space is little, degree of accuracy is high and be easy to the requirement of graphic operation computing.
The present invention adopts the NURBS based on the TIN model to simplify modeling algorithm structure DTM, and its algorithm steps is as follows:
Handle level line,, then encrypt by linear interpolation if level line density is too rare;
Generate the TIN model,, in the GIS environment, utilize the Delaunay algorithm to generate the three-dimensional DTM of TIN form, and eliminate tiny, the long and narrow triangle that level line is too intensive or the Information Monitoring shortage is caused, obtain high-precision TIN model based on the level line of putting in order;
Data-switching is transformed into the TIN model that is produced in the NURBS disposal system of being developed and forms polygon mesh curved surface from the GIS environment, and guarantees that triangle do not lose or change;
Obtain the reference mark, equidistantly extract abundant being evenly distributed and continuous outline line from the mesh curved surface by u or v direction in the NURBS system, and carry out discretize and handle, inverse obtains the corresponding control information point data;
Match NURBS terrain surface is utilized NURBS algorithm match generation landform control curved surface again according to the reference mark data;
Generate NURBS terrain profile body, above-mentioned nurbs surface is carried out scope definition and cutting, obtain the NURBS relief block of simplification, and then generate corresponding terrain profile phantom type with the BRep data structure according to survey region.
(2) stratum class geology object modeling.The most important thing is the problem of the accurate coupling of interlayer in the modeling process with solving different contact relations.For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of simple cutting-stacking method and sews up in abutting connection with the structural plane of ground interlayer, concrete steps are: the superstructure face of at first setting up adjacent stratum according to geologic data separately respectively, calculate the intersection of two curved surfaces then, with the intersection is that cutting is carried out to structural plane in the border, thereby obtain the faying face of two places interlayer, both can be good at coincideing by superposeing at last.
Wherein, for many-valued folding tectonics stratum, consider the occurrence of fold key element, the present invention proposes typical construction outline line method, its step is as follows: based on point of the boring on the fold bed boundary and profile line combined data, analyze fold key element occurrence and geometric shape feature thereof; Be the outline line of base configuration reflection fold space characteristics then with the profile line, for drop-out not,, choose characteristic boring point according to the key element occurrence of fold as far as possible, as pivot point, turn end position point etc., insert new representative profiles line in conjunction with profile line trend; Add edge-restraint condition at last,, form corresponding fold smooth surface, and then construct corresponding fold stratum solid model according to outline line set carrying out nurbs surface match structure.
(3) tomography class geology object modeling.
For the structure modeling on two crossing tomographies or tomography bad break stratum, its bad break displacement has difference under actual conditions.The present invention adopts the scheme concrete steps to comprise: when the bad break displacement hour, adopt direct bad break method; When the bad break displacement is bigger, then adopt and divide the dish matching method, so that the model of being set up satisfies accuracy requirement.Direct bad break method: at first to the principal fault modeling, then under precision permission situation, to directly be connected into an integral body according to changing of the relative positions mode by bad break layer two parts, and utilize the NURBS technology to make up, and utilize the principal fault cutting to be got final product by Boolean calculation at last by the bad break layer.Divide dish coupling rule to being constructed modeling respectively, and in building process, adjust the border of itself and principal fault intersection, its boundary line all is positioned on the principal fault body gets final product by discontinuous two parts of bad break layer.
And grow extremely complex engineering zone for rift structure, because formed fault network is intricate, the present invention proposes and in above-mentioned modeling method, added processing towards historical structure, its key step is: according to the occurrence of each tomography in the fault network, structural attitude and changing of the relative positions relationship analysis historical forming process separately, utilize topological sorting algorithm, set up its active junction point network model, the precedence relationship of they being grown structure formation sorts, in regular turn at its bad break displacement size, on the basis of two crossing fault tectonics, realize the three-dimensional modeling of complicated fault network then.In this method towards historical process, the structure that has taken into full account tomography forms and interlaced situation, reconstruction model has not only accurately disclosed the regional interior space spread of tomography in the geology rock mass, and has reproduced the tomography space topology relationship under the historical formation condition truly.
(4) boundary class geology object modeling.The boundary class object mainly comprises strong, weak, the weathering of little different brackets, the off-load boundary of artificial division, and underground water table interphase etc., and the characteristics of this class object maximum are to distribute discontinuously, and crossover phenomenon can take place for the weathering of different stage, off-load boundary.Difference at the sampled data quality and quantity proposes corresponding disposal route, and the concrete steps that the present invention takes comprise: to sampled data abundance, zone that precision is high, according to its profile line distributed in three dimensions characteristics, directly carry out the NURBS match; For the zone of sampled data deficiency, at first the profile line to length or width deficiency carries out three-dimensional extension, can according to profile line self trend and in conjunction with this curve the relief form on vertical infer; Then based on these profile line data, with this zone weathering or off-load boundary as a continuous unitary construction nurbs surface; Utilize the landform analogue method that this curved surface is integrated in landform, stratum at last and analyze, adjust, and, then carry out cutting and handle for the zone that does not have weathering or off-load.Like this, can obtain true as far as possible, the less boundary curved surface of error based on limited sampled data.
(5) artificial object modeling.Comprise exploration objects such as dam, foundation plane, underground power house system, diversion tunnel etc. and the closely-related artificial structure of geologic condition and boring, footrill.With respect to the geology object, the Geometric Modeling work of artificial object is simple relatively, and the present invention adopts the modeling of NURBS technology, is convenient to carry out the boolean operation computing with the geology object, and has precision height, advantage that data volume is little.Concrete steps comprise:
For earth and rockfill dam, at first the difference according to filling material, structural shape and function is divided into several districts; Carry out the NURBS graphical modeling according to each subregion body parameter (comprising height, width, the gradient), control elevation and inner constructional form then; Connect combination according to by stages hierarchical topology relation at last, finish the structure of whole dam model by boolean's union operation.For concrete dam, then can generate its 3-D geometric model directly according to a series of functions or curvilinear equation and the control corresponding point coordinate of describing its bodily form; If can not get curvilinear equation, can extract the dam truncation outline line of different elevations among each side grain figure, utilize NURBS technology match dam solid model.For the underground structure, the set of forming by some underground chambers; For each underground chamber object, the geometric shape of cavern's fracture morphology control cavern, cavern's center line is then controlled its locus.According to this two item numbers certificate, add the control coordinate, then utilize the path scanning method to realize cavern's three-dimensional modeling fast.
(6) model fail-safe analysis.The present invention provides the fail-safe analysis and the check of holonomic system for model from following four aspects: the 1. geometry character inspection of model component, check promptly whether the geology object is correct on geometry and topological relation in the construction process.Need to check the continuity of line, continuity and topology, the closure of body and the rationality of relevant topology structure of face respectively,, then need revise or re-construct if find mistake.2. the rational inspection of geologic structure, i.e. whether the geologic structure face of inspection or the match of checking institute or the overall trend of body be reasonable.Can utilize geological map, drawing in side sectional elevation, truncation sectional view and geology trend surface analysis to compare inspection simultaneously.3. the accuracy test of raw data verifies promptly whether raw data (boring, footrill) is retained, and whether formed face is consistent with raw data points.Generally choose most of boring, footrill data original sample collection, carry out accuracy test as the test samples collection and stay 5 ~ 6 groups as the tectonic structure modeling.4. the feedback inspection and the check of model, the exploration data that promptly utilizes the later stage to obtain is effectively checked the part of reconstruction model and is checked.Information feedback and corresponding error-detecting analysis mechanisms are the effective ways that reduce data error, improve model accuracy, for follow-up exploration, design and construction provide strong geologic basis.
(7) structure of three dimensional unification model.The present invention utilizes any boolean's cutting algorithm of three-dimensional geometry object, three-dimensional geological geometric model based on above-mentioned four class geology objects formation, utilize the engineering construction object model that it is carried out a series of graphic operation computings, make up Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification geometric model.For truer interstructural physical features of different geology and the vision difference clearly expressed, adopt superficial makings and color to play up various geology objects.It is too careful that the describing of rock mass superficial makings there is no need, and adopts Disturbing Function Method to simulate, and simulates the sense of reality effect of concavo-convex veining on surface by disturbance body surface normal direction, satisfies the observation needs of sense organ.This method is to the additional forcing function of the normal direction on the original surface, this function make original normal direction smooth, variation pattern becomes violent and very brief slowly, formed the coarse display effect of concave-convex surface by illumination, different forcing function controls generate different textures.According to this algorithm, in conjunction with the geology drafting standard, according to actual petrographic description and rock photo, form the new three-dimensional legend storehouse of a cover, can carry out superficial makings to each rock stratum body, vein etc. describes, other structure such as tomography, weak rock zone, phreatic line, weathering unloaded band etc. then observably show with Standard Colors, obtain effect true to nature and that feature is distinct.Final Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model can satisfy geology determinacy, visuality and the requirement of the property revised fast.
3, based on the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological analysis of three dimensional unification model.
Above-mentioned three-dimensional model can be comprehensive, dynamically show (rotation, translation, amplify, dwindle etc.), and employing " stratification " and " instant getting " mode of operation, individually plastid can be shown on demand, the information such as overall profile, spatial relation and thickness attribute thereof of geology entity can be expressed to a certain extent.Yet, this satisfies the needs that the research complex geological condition is analyzed effect of project far away fully, geomatics engineer and design, workmen need can obtain more to engineering works design and construct useful geological information and operation on this model basis, and really accomplishing provides effective technical support to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering optimal design and rapid construction.The Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological analysis content that the present invention is based on the three dimensional unification model mainly comprises:
(1) based on the engineering rock mass quality visualization hierarchical analysis of three-dimensional geological model, concrete steps are as follows:
1. extract geologic structure body and classification.From three-dimensional geological model, extract various geology element structure bodies, as stratum, tomography, intrusive body etc., whether consistent according to each geologic structure of riedel-treppe classification schemes with riedel-treppe, if unanimity then is classified as it geologic body that need not to handle, enter next step otherwise classify as the geologic body that needs to handle.
2. rock mass merges processing continuously.The geologic body of handling for needs can be divided into two parts again, and a part is the geologic body of adjacent two or more identical riedel-treppes, and another part then is the geology object that has different riedel-treppe classification in same geologic body.The former can directly utilize simple boolean's union that the geologic body of identical riedel-treppe is merged into an entity, and composes with corresponding riedel-treppe classification; The latter then needs comparatively complicated processing.
3. the geologic body that there is discontinuous part in the riedel-treppe classification is promptly handled in discontinuous part cutting process.Earlier construct non-existent new riedel-treppe structural plane in the three-dimensional geological model, and with weathering off-load boundary curved surface, above-mentioned geologic body is carried out multiple Boolean calculation (poor, also), obtain the discontinuous rock mass of all kinds of riedel-treppes by the riedel-treppe classification schemes.
4. the model combination is checked and is revised.To above-mentioned continuous making up with discontinuous rock mass, check from geometry character, rationality and three aspects of precision contrast of model equally, if discovery mistake or error are bigger, then it are carried out corresponding modification and upgrade.
5. model representation and output.According to the concrete condition of each the grade classification rock mass in the model, select suitable color or texture that it is carried out three-dimensional mapping and describe, especially rock-mass quality is relatively poor and should adopt eye-catching relatively color or texture to the bigger riedel-treppe of effect of project; Can play up output after determining.
(2) the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geologic model dissects analysis arbitrarily.Main contents comprise:
1. three-dimensional is dissectd analysis, is important content in the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological analysis at the truncation figure with the closely-related diverse location horizontal stroke of engineering, longitudinal diagram and different elevations that engineering works is arranged with dam height etc. carries out.Based on the three dimensional unification model, utilization NURBS technology and boolean's cutting algorithm can carry out the three-dimensional of any direction, optional position, any degree of depth and dissect analysis in real time.
2. two-dimensional cross section generates automatically, needs for the custom that satisfies most of slip-stick artists and the output of engineering geological map achievement, also need further three-dimensional cut away view to be converted into the two-dimentional CAD sectional view of standard by the mathematics mapping, this method divided for three steps carried out: at first obtain three-dimensional cut away view, similar with the generative process of above-mentioned three-dimensional geological cut away view, the just cutting plane of changing need be made two sections that are parallel to each other, the cutting plane of being done is duplicated a bit of distance of translation, and (generally getting 0.1 ~ 0.5m) gets final product, note translation direction, obtain comprising a three-dimensional geological cut away view as thin as a wafer of desired profile information, this will help improving the operation efficiency that two dimension transforms; Next handles the three-dimensional cut away view of gained, for truncation figure, if its trend has certain angle with direct north, only needs that it is rotated to consistent direction and gets final product; For plumb cut figure,, by rotation the vertical vision of its direction is got final product then if exist turning point then at first its cutting to be launched; Transform two-dimensional cross section at last, to the three-dimensional cut away view handled well by projection with its conversion and save as two-dimentional CAD sectional view, its component units is straight line and two-dimentional multistage line.
3. boring, footrill simulation and preferred arrangement, boring, footrill are the important exploration meanses that obtains Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering nodal region subsurface geology situation, yet investigation and prospecting amount and time are limited in the real work, and the exploration expenditure costliness, therefore how to arrange that exploration is problems that each prospecting project must be faced to obtain more more excellent geological informations.Based on constructed three-dimensional geological model, engineering geology personnel can directly hole on model, the footrill preferred arrangement, and carry out the numeral exploration, determine optimum exploration position.Not only can reduce boring, footrill quantity effectively like this, the reduction expense has also improved the exploration quality simultaneously, has reduced working strength.
(3) the major project three-dimensional geological is analyzed.The quality of engineering geological condition often plays conclusive effect to the Scheme Choice and the design of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering buildings, especially its major project, as dam, diversion tunnel, underground power house etc., three-dimensional geological model and riedel-treppe model be established as geological personnel and design, workmen have set up a bridge block.Its main contents comprise:
1. dam engineering geological analysis.Dam is a most important water retaining structure in the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, and the geologic condition of basement rock body has very high requirement over the ground.In dam design and construction, based on three-dimensional riedel-treppe model, can carry out foundation plane excavation and based process analysis, dissect analysis etc. at the dam keypoint part, to the in addition analysis and research fully of the geologic condition of the dam foundation or Rock mass of dam abutment, for the Scheme Choice of foundation plane provides foundation with optimizing and revising.
2. underground works geological analysis.The quantity increase of underground structure is very fast in the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering at present, and its scale is also more and more big.The construction of large span, high abutment wall underground power house and long tunnel will inevitably run into complex geological conditions and a large amount of geological problems, brings bigger difficulty for the underground works design and construction.Based on three-dimensional geological model or riedel-treppe model, can provide many-sided geological analysis to underground cavern: underground hole group geology excavation analyzes, at the underground chamber key position dissect analysiss, geologic assessment that the underground chamber arrangement is selected, macroscopical advance geologic prediction that underground engineering construction excavates and in conjunction with the underground chamber work progress performance analysis of geologic model etc., they provide a kind of effective analysis means for the engineering geological problems that runs in the engineering design and construction under the intricately.
(4) other analysis tool commonly used.Mainly comprise:
1. rock mass area, volume calculation.Rock soil mass excavation and backfill are requisite links during Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering is built, and after three-dimensional geological model being excavated cutting or displacement backfill, need calculate corresponding surface area quickly and easily and dig the volume of handling the rock mass engineering project amount with filling out.In order to obtain precise calculation result, need directly NURBS free curve curved surface to be carried out integral operation.Calculate corresponding method vector for any point on the nurbs surface, with discrete method curved surface area is divided into the series of rectangular zone simultaneously, each zone can obtain the surface area and the overall volume in whole zone then through using area and the volume that the Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula is obtained this pocket correspondence behind the substitution of variable through summation.
2. isogram generates automatically.In the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological analysis, the most frequently used isogram is a contour map.Based on three-dimensional geological model, not only can obtain higher-quality topographic contour, also can generate the contour map of each geological interface in the geologic body automatically, so that further analyze.Its Automatic Generating Principle is very simple, and a certain geological interface is a smooth space curved surface, makes plane z=c (c is a constant) and this surface intersection, can draw a level line; After the size of continuous change constant c, just can obtain one group of level line.
The present invention proposes the construction method of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model of coupling multi-source data,, guaranteed that all valid data become the available information of modeling the parsing that is coupled of the geologic data in various sources; With OO classificating thought, realized the modeling of match structure and the artificial object modeling of geology object providing alternative modeling mechanism based on MIDAS mixed data structure; Carry out the model fail-safe analysis from geometry character, rationality, raw data precision and four aspects of feedback information, guarantee that model explanation meets truth; Geology, artificial object model are carried out Boolean calculation make up Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model, and the upgrading in time of the data implementation model that can be coupled new fast.Prior art mainly adopts borehole data or simply boring and two dimensional cross-section data is superposeed and finishes three-dimensional modeling, and data source is comparatively single; Model set up the fail-safe analysis of not carrying out holonomic system in the process, the accuracy and confidence of model is not high; The coupling of not considering engineering works and geology entity is unified.
One embodiment of the invention is as follows: certain Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering is located in high mountain gorge, monolith and adjacent domain tectonic structure are quite complicated, and the stratum is generally rotten, and fold is strong, fracture is grown, and the complex engineering geologic condition has brought very big difficulty to engineering design and construction.According to the engineering actual conditions, selecting survey region is a rectangle, and flow path direction is east northeast to spread along the river, long 1700m, wide 1560m, about 2.7 square kilometres of area.The original engineering geology survey data of this project is abundant, wherein the dam site section mainly comprises the 5m hypsographic map, probing 14743.43m/100 hole, footrill 15519.2m/72, obtain a series of two-dimentional achievements through interpretation analysis: 1 width of cloth zone engineering geology planimetric map, 8 drawings in side sectional elevation, 5 longitudinal diagrams, the side grain figure of 19 different elevations, and other various sectional views that dissect along building axis etc.
Based on above-mentioned basic document, as shown in Figure 2, structure synoptic diagram for Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model of the present invention: in conjunction with Object-oriented Technique, the data that Geometric Modeling 206 is comprised comprise original survey data 201, two dimension geology cross-sectional data 202 and engineering design data 203, it is in conjunction with Object-oriented Technique 205 and MIDAS mixed data structure, the version of being set up comprises and resembles 208 landform class by verifying naturally, the stratum class, the three-dimensional geological model 209 that tomography class and boundary class object 210 are constituted, (comprise the boring footrill with artificial object 211, dam engineering, underground works and dam abutment excavation 213) the engineering construction model of being set up 212, add the improved geology trend surface analysis 204 that original survey data 201 is done, the three-dimensional geological model 209 that is generated is replenished checking, finally obtain engineering geology three dimensional unification model 214.
As shown in Figure 3, be three-dimensional geological modeling process flow diagram of the present invention.Based on acquisition data information 301, the structure of its engineering geology three dimensional unification model may further comprise the steps with the analysis implementation procedure:
(1) sets up terrain profile body 305.1. handle topographic contour 302: determine the planar range of geology block mold, pruning or polishing level line make it to fall in this planar range, and adjust the coordinate (making number of coordinates magnitude minimum) in geographic position.2. generate dimensional topography digital model 304 according to the NURBS shortcut calculation in the technical scheme based on TIN model 303.3. determine the geologic model lowest elevation, go to cut the vertical column of determining by survey region, make up dimensional topography profile body 305 with lowest elevation plane and landform face.
(2) handle original geologic data 306 and two-dimentional decipher graphic documentation 307.1. geology object component layer storage: extract the concrete geological information that relates in the whole geologic model from all figures, classification and storage is in stratum class preprocessed data, tomography class preprocessed data and boundary class preprocessed data; Carry out the screening of figure layer, in figure to be processed, add needed figure layer, compose corresponding figure layer for each geological information.2. standardization processing: unified ratio and coordinate basic point.3. the two dimensional cross-section three dimensional stress is handled: set up all profile position end points coordinate database, according to actual coordinate all two dimensional cross-section are carried out the three-dimensional conversion automatically.
(3) make up three-dimensional geological model.At first based on above-mentioned data processed data, the NURBS structure 308 of geologic structure face is carried out in classification, and finishes the integration 309 of geology curved surface according to geology structure space relation; Be that object carries out boolean and cuts computing with terrain profile body 305 and geologic structure face then, obtain all kinds of three-dimensional geologics 310, and then coupling obtain corresponding three-dimensional geological geometric model 311; After the inspection and check 313 through texture 312, model, obtain final three-dimensional geological model 314 at last.
(4) make up engineering geology three dimensional unification model.On the basis that three-dimensional geological model 314 and engineering works model construction are finished,, obtain the three dimensional unification model of this Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology, as shown in Figure 4 according to the construction method of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model in the technical scheme.This model information amount is big, comprise 21 different rock stratum, riverbed overlayer, 13 and engineering major fault in close relations, 4 oblique lamprophyre arteries and veins of cloud, tens of deep cracks, the weak weathering lower limit of strong off-load and weak off-load lower limits, underground water level, and hydraulic structures such as arch dam, diversion tunnel, underground hole group.
(5) carry out the engineering geology analysis based on unified model.Implement a series of analytical works based on constructed three dimensional unification model according to technical scheme, comprise that the visual classification modeling of this project rock-mass quality (flow process as shown in Figure 5, implementation model as shown in Figure 6), three-dimensional dissect arbitrarily that analysis (numeral boring as shown in Figure 7), two dimensional cross-section generate automatically, Dam Base Surface sunykatuib analysis, dam geology dissect analysis, the analysis of underground chamber three-dimensional geological model, underground structure design proposal adjustment etc.
Claims (10)
1. the structure and the analytical approach of a Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model, by to realize the coupling of multi-source data based on the MIDAS mixed data structure of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS), TIN (TIN) and boundary representation (BRep), all modeling objects are realized the three dimensional unification modeling, and this three-dimensional model carried out reasonable analysis, this method may further comprise the steps:
Space geologic structure to the coupling multi-source data is resolved;
, carry out the boolean operation computing according to the spatial relationship between them, and carry out fail-safe analysis and check its Geometric Modeling of classifying based on NURBS, TIN and BRep MIDAS mixed data structure, finish the structure of three dimensional unification model;
Finish the matter analysis of a series of water conservancy and hydropower building site based on the three dimensional unification model.
2. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step that the geological space of coupling multi-source data is resolved is further comprising the steps of:
Raw data is coupled, finishes section and make;
Whether the check section is realistic;
All horizontal strokes, longitudinal profile and side grain carry out layering to be sorted out and three-dimensional conversion process, checks the coupling consistance of each layer point, line object under three-dimensional environment.
3. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described raw data comprises boring, the footrill attribute data that belongs to direct data available, form stores and belong to stratigraphic boundary, fold/fault tectonic trace and the AutoCAD platform that dimensional topography, measured section, the decipher of indirect graph data obtain.
4. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described modeling object comprises that confrontation naturally resembles and artificial object modeling, wherein, verify naturally and resemble and comprise landform class, stratum class, tomography class and boundary class geology object.
5. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described process to landform class geology object modeling may further comprise the steps:
Handle level line,, then encrypt by linear interpolation if level line density is too rare;
Generate the TIN model,, in the GIS environment, utilize the Delaunay algorithm to generate the three-dimensional DTM of TIN form, and eliminate tiny, the long and narrow triangle that level line is too intensive or the Information Monitoring shortage is caused, obtain high-precision TIN model based on the level line of putting in order;
Data-switching is transformed into the TIN model that is produced in the NURBS disposal system of being developed and forms polygon mesh curved surface from the GIS environment, and guarantees that triangle do not lose or change;
Obtain the reference mark, equidistantly extract abundant being evenly distributed and continuous outline line from the mesh curved surface by u or v direction in the NURBS system, and carry out discretize and handle, inverse obtains the corresponding control information point data;
Match NURBS terrain surface is utilized NURBS algorithm match generation landform control curved surface again according to the reference mark data;
Generate NURBS terrain profile body, above-mentioned nurbs surface is carried out scope definition and cutting, obtain the NURBS relief block of simplification, and then generate corresponding terrain profile phantom type with the BRep data structure according to survey region.
6. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, in the described process to stratum class geology object modeling, realize may further comprise the steps in abutting connection with the stitching of ground interlayer structural plane:
At first setting up the superstructure face on adjacent stratum according to separately geologic data respectively, calculate the intersection of two curved surfaces then, is that cutting is carried out to structural plane in the border with the intersection, and the faying face of the two places interlayer that obtains is superposeed, and it is coincide.
7. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described process to tomography class geology object modeling may further comprise the steps:
When the bad break displacement is bigger, then adopt and divide the dish matching method, so that the model of being set up satisfies accuracy requirement.Direct bad break method: at first to the principal fault modeling, under precision permission situation, will directly be connected into an integral body according to changing of the relative positions mode then, and utilize the NURBS technology to make up, and utilize the principal fault cutting by the bad break layer by Boolean calculation at last by bad break layer two parts.
8. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the process of described tomography class geology object modeling may further comprise the steps:
To being constructed modeling respectively, and in building process by discontinuous two parts of bad break layer, adjust the border of itself and principal fault intersection, its boundary line all is positioned on the principal fault body.
9. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the process of described model fail-safe analysis and check may further comprise the steps:
Check whether the geology object is correct on geometry and topological relation in the construction process;
Whether the geologic structure face of inspection or the match of checking institute or the overall trend of body be reasonable;
Whether checking raw data (boring, footrill) is retained, and whether formed face is consistent with raw data points;
The exploration data that utilizes the later stage to obtain is effectively checked the part of reconstruction model and is checked.
10. the structure and the analytical approach of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geology three dimensional unification model as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering geological analysis based on the three dimensional unification model comprises following content:
Engineering rock mass quality visualization hierarchical analysis;
Three-dimensional is dissectd analysis arbitrarily and two dimensional cross-section generates analysis automatically;
Dam Base Surface sunykatuib analysis and dam geology are dissectd analysis;
The underground chamber three-dimensional geological model is analyzed and underground structure design proposal adjustment is analyzed.
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