CN111612903B - Geological data visualization method based on mixed data model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a geological data visualization method based on a mixed data model, and relates to the technical field of geological exploration. When the three-dimensional geological body model is constructed, the irregular tetrahedron structure TEN and the triangular surface TIN mixed data model are adopted for combined modeling, the advantages of TIN and TEN are integrated by adopting the mixed data model, the outline of a three-dimensional space entity can be quickly formed, and the display and the data updating are convenient; the boundaries of the exact representation space entity; the method has the advantages that the method can effectively perform spatial analysis, furthest make up the defects of a single data structure, has flexible and efficient topological relation, and can fully utilize visualization algorithms such as mapping and ray tracing, so that the method has strong universality and flexibility, not only can improve the precision of three-dimensional entity expression, but also can better adapt to the complexity of three-dimensional topology, and can be competent for three-dimensional geological modeling of various different complexity degrees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a geological data visualization method based on a mixed data model.
Background
The three-dimensional spatial data model is divided into voxel-based data models (three-dimensional Grid structure, octree, irregular tetrahedron structure TEN, etc.), boundary-based data models (mesh model Grid, patch structure TIN, three-dimensional proper data structure, etc.), hybrid data models (Octree + TEN, TIN + CSG, octree + TIN, object-oriented data model, etc.). The voxel-based data model is suitable for space operation and space analysis, but the data volume is large, and the operation speed is low; the data model based on the boundary surface has small data quantity, is convenient for data display and data updating, but is difficult to organize effective spatial analysis. The mixed data model integrates two or more than two data models, and can adapt to the requirements of different resolutions, different background conditions and different applications. The hybrid data model is adopted to process the complexity of three-dimensional geometry and topology, and complete and effective description is carried out on variable three-dimensional space information, so that the method is not a feasible way.
The three-dimensional visual geological modeling technology has frontier property in engineering geological application. The accuracy degree of the three-dimensional model is greatly influenced by engineering analysis, judgment and decision. The conventional three-dimensional geological modeling method reduces modeling complexity by greatly simplifying geological conditions, is only suitable for regions with single rock stratum and simple geological structure, and cannot accurately describe complex and special geological phenomena such as faults, microstructures, interlayer and the like. The research carries out integrated analysis on the geological data in the research area, exploratory research is carried out on the key technology and the modeling method in three-dimensional geological modeling under the condition of complex geological structure, a set of technical method flow which takes the three-dimensional spread of the stratum structure as an integral frame, takes the rock formation exposure line and the rock formation occurrence as the form elements of the rock formation, takes the drilling data as the control elements of the bedding plane and constructs the three-dimensional geological model of the research area by the bedding plane. The method aims to analyze the obtained information of the geological layering information of the drill hole, the geological profile and other stratum structures, recognize the geological structure, reproduce a visual model of the three-dimensional structure of the engineering geological entity in the research area through unified artificial layering processing, and provide basic geological basis for the regional evaluation of the engineering geology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a geological data visualization method based on a mixed data model;
the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a geological data visualization method based on a mixed data model comprises the following steps:
step 1: generating a ground surface model; unifying a digital elevation model, a digital topographic map, discrete drilling holes and a project area range line of a research area to a specified coordinate system and format through format conversion and projection conversion, converting the discrete drilling holes into point sets in a point (X, Y, H) mode, storing the point sets in a text file for preprocessing, and generating a three-dimensional earth surface model, wherein X is a north coordinate, Y is an east coordinate, and H is an elevation value taking a 1956 yellow sea elevation system as a reference;
step 2: making a regional standard stratum table; analyzing geological development history and geological age information, combining original layering data of drill holes in field investigation, mapping data of a research area and a geomechanics theory, iteratively establishing a regional standard stratum, modifying and perfecting the existing standard stratum, counting all stratum information of the region, uniformly numbering according to the stratum sedimentary age to obtain a 'standard stratum table' of the region;
and 3, step 3: modeling a drilling hole; surveying the real distribution condition of the stratum at the spatial position through a drilling model;
step 3.1: drawing all typical section maps according to the layering information of the original drill holes to finish the stratum comparison among the drill holes;
step 3.2: according to the drawn profile map, combining the standard stratum table in the step 2, adjusting the layering of the drilling data, and endowing each stratum on the profile map with a standard stratum code;
step 3.3: after the drilling stratum is determined, drawing a drilling three-dimensional model according to the spatial position, the drilling depth and the aperture size of the drill hole, wherein different colors on the drilling three-dimensional model represent stratums with different numbers;
and 4, step 4: modeling a stratum; the method comprises the following steps of taking drilling data, rock stratum exposure lines and stratum attitude as control elements of a stratum surface, and carrying out three-dimensional spatial interpolation modeling, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 4.1: determining a stratum system of a research area through borehole comparison and lithology, lithofacies, thickness and deformation information of a stratum in the section;
step 4.2: selecting a borehole and a rock formation exposure line, and performing spatial interpolation by adopting a smooth discrete interpolation (DSI) method;
step 4.3: checking the intersected, pinchoff and missing stratum layers to eliminate unreasonable parts of the stratum layers;
step 4.4: after the stratum surface is checked, according to the sequence of the stratum from bottom to top, starting from the triangular surface TIN of each stratum, carrying out intersection calculation with the upper stratum surface in sequence, continuously adding stratum control points, and correcting the TIN surface;
and 5: generating a geologic body; converting the geological layer TIN generated in the step 4 into a three-dimensional body to generate a geological body; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 5.1: converting the TIN surface of the adjacent stratum into a multilayer triangular prism space model by adopting a Delaunay stitching algorithm;
and step 5.2: performing tetrahedrization on a triangular prism according to stratum nodes on the drilled hole to obtain an irregular tetrahedral structure TEN as a three-dimensional unit;
step 5.3: removing a coincident surface in the generated TEN, and combining the coincident surface with the TIN corrected in the step (4) to obtain a three-dimensional geologic body model of the region;
step 5.4: and (3) performing voxelization on the three-dimensional model, and dividing the generated three-dimensional geologic body model space into uniform grids, wherein each grid carries an independent attribute value.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
according to the geological data visualization method based on the mixed data model, when the three-dimensional geological body model is constructed, the irregular tetrahedron structure TEN and the triangular surface TIN mixed data model are adopted for combined modeling, the advantages of TIN and TEN are integrated by adopting the mixed data structure, the outline of a three-dimensional space entity can be quickly formed, and the display and the data updating are convenient; the boundaries of the exact representation space entity; the method has the advantages that the method can effectively perform spatial analysis, furthest make up the defects of a single data structure, has flexible and efficient topological relation, and can fully utilize visualization algorithms such as mapping and ray tracing, so that the method has strong universality and flexibility, not only can improve the precision of three-dimensional entity expression, but also can better adapt to the complexity of three-dimensional topology, and can be competent for three-dimensional geological modeling of various different complexity degrees.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional geological modeling flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the modeling effect of drilling holes in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a TIN surface view of a formation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of modeling a hybrid data structure using TIN and TEN according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a complete geologic body model in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the voxelization effect of a three-dimensional geologic body model in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a geological data visualization method based on a hybrid data model, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step 1: generating a ground surface model; a1. By drilling a hole point P 0 For example, the drilling point data is (4623920.14, 41535946.23, 45.29), where the first is the north coordinate X, the second is the east coordinate Y, and the third is the elevation H based on the 1956 yellow sea elevation. Converting the discrete drilling holes into a point set, storing the point set in a point (X, Y, H) mode into a text file for preprocessing, and generating a three-dimensional earth surface model;
and 2, step: formulating a regional standard stratum table; comprehensively analyzing geological development history and geological age information, combining original layering data of drill holes in field investigation, mapping data of a research area and a geomechanics theory, iteratively establishing a regional standard stratum, modifying and perfecting the existing standard stratum, counting all stratum information of the region, uniformly numbering according to the stratum sedimentary age to obtain a 'standard stratum table' of the region;
and step 3: modeling a drilling hole; surveying the real distribution situation of the stratum at the spatial position through a drilling model;
step 3.1: drawing all typical sectional views according to the original borehole layering information to finish stratum comparison among boreholes;
step 3.2: continuously adjusting the layering of drilling data according to the drawn profile and combining the standard stratum table, and endowing each stratum on the profile with a standard stratum code;
step 3.3: after the drilling stratum is determined, drawing a drilling three-dimensional model according to the spatial position, the drilling depth and the aperture size of the drilling, wherein different colors on the drilling three-dimensional model represent stratums with different numbers as shown in FIG. 2;
and 4, step 4: modeling a stratum; for a modeling area, stratum distribution obtained by drilling is extremely limited, so in the modeling process, drilling data, a rock layer exposure line and a stratum attitude are used as control elements of a bedding surface to carry out three-dimensional spatial interpolation modeling, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: determining a stratum system of a research area through borehole comparison and lithology, lithofacies, thickness and deformation information of a stratum in the section;
step 4.2: selecting a drilling hole and a rock layer exposure line, and performing spatial interpolation by adopting a smooth discrete interpolation (DSI) method; the accuracy of the interpolated stratum is determined by the amount of drilling data, and under the condition of few drilling holes, the interpolated stratum surface can penetrate through the upper and lower layers, partial virtual drilling holes need to be added manually to participate in interpolation, and the spatial form of the stratum surface is optimized.
Step 4.3: and (4) carrying out verification treatment on the intersected, pinchoff and missing stratum layers to eliminate unreasonables. According to the requirement of modeling precision, when modeling is carried out with high precision, the 'expert intervention' is adopted, and missing data is supplemented according to the expert experience; and when the low-precision modeling is carried out, two automatic interpolation methods of 'pinch-out at the drill hole position' and 'pinch-out between the drill holes' are adopted for processing.
Step 4.4: after the special condition is checked and processed, according to the sequence of the stratums from bottom to top, starting from the triangular surface TIN of each stratum, carrying out intersection calculation with the upper stratum in sequence, continuously adding stratum control points, correcting the TIN surface, and participating the corrected TIN surface in subsequent calculation, wherein FIG. 3 is an effect diagram of the TIN surface of a certain stratum;
and 5: generating a geologic body; converting the geological layer TIN generated in the step 4 into a three-dimensional body to generate a geological body; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 5.1: converting the TIN surface of the adjacent stratum into a multilayer triangular prism space model by adopting a Delaunay stitching algorithm;
step 5.2: performing tetrahedrization on a triangular prism according to stratum nodes on a drill hole to obtain an irregular tetrahedral structure TEN as a three-dimensional unit, as shown in FIG. 4;
step 5.3: removing a coincident surface in the generated TEN, and combining the coincident surface with the TIN corrected in the step 4 to obtain a three-dimensional geologic body model of the region, wherein as shown in FIG. 5, the boundary of a space entity can be accurately expressed, and effective space analysis can be carried out;
step 5.4: the three-dimensional model is voxelized, the generated three-dimensional geologic body model space is divided into uniform grids, each grid carries an independent attribute value, in this embodiment, 5 meters in the X direction, 5 meters in the Y direction and 5 meters in the H direction are voxelized unit grids, the attribute value of each grid is a formation lithology name, and an example effect of the voxelization is shown in fig. 6. The attributes can be rendered in a three-dimensional scene, observation and analysis are facilitated, meanwhile, the attributes are easy to derive, and interaction with professional analysis software is achieved.
Geological drilling is used as geological original data, and the method is characterized in that the zero dispersion property and the discrete property of spatial distribution of sampling are realized, and when a three-dimensional GIS (geographic information System) constructs a three-dimensional model, a mixed data model of an irregular tetrahedron structure (TEN) and a triangular surface (TIN) is adopted for joint modeling, so that the precision of three-dimensional entity expression can be improved, and the complexity of three-dimensional topology can be better adapted. Therefore, the method adopts the mixed data model to accurately and completely describe the complicated underground three-dimensional space information, and is an effective method.
According to drilling data in a modeling area, counting all stratum information in the area, uniformly numbering according to stratum sedimentary years to obtain a standard stratum table of the area, generating an irregular triangular TIN by using a triangulation algorithm by taking a drilling air interface position as a spatial reference and combining a stratum height, constructing upper and lower surfaces of a stratum three-dimensional model, performing TIN surface intersection treatment, then sewing TIN surfaces of adjacent stratums into a multilayer triangular prism space model by using a specific algorithm, performing triangular prism tetrahedron according to stratum nodes on a drill hole to obtain more precise TEN as a three-dimensional unit, and finally obtaining a three-dimensional geological body model with higher precision in the area. The TIN can quickly construct the surface contour of the three-dimensional entity, so that data refreshing and displaying are facilitated; the TEN can improve the expression precision of the three-dimensional entity boundary and improve the accuracy of the geospatial analysis result. TIN and TEN mixed spatial data are modeled, an efficient and flexible topological relation is achieved, and a multi-scale and multi-precision three-dimensional geological model can be quickly constructed.
It is noted that for different types and characteristics of geological data, different modeling methods may need to be employed. For example, common layered geological entities or geological data related to the spatial distribution of the layered geological entities have strong constraint conditions along the direction of the stratum, a conventional spatial automatic interpolation method is generally not suitable for modeling, and a geometric modeling method or manual interactive modeling can be considered. In addition, because of the high complexity and multiplicity of geological problems, geological modeling should be an iterative process, any modeling method should allow and require the user to perform the necessary manual intervention, and it is impractical to expect a modeling method to be fully automated to solve all geological modeling problems.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A geological data visualization method based on a mixed data model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: generating a ground surface model; unifying a digital elevation model, a digital topographic map, discrete drilling holes and a project area range line of a research area to a specified coordinate system and format through format conversion and projection conversion, converting the discrete drilling holes into point sets in a point (X, Y, H) mode, storing the point sets in a text file for preprocessing, and generating a three-dimensional earth surface model, wherein X is a north coordinate, Y is an east coordinate, and H is an elevation value taking a 1956 yellow sea elevation system as a reference;
step 2: making a regional standard stratum table; analyzing geological development history and geological age information, combining original layering data of drill holes in field investigation, mapping data of a research area and a geomechanics theory, iteratively establishing a regional standard stratum, modifying and perfecting the existing standard stratum, counting all stratum information of the region, uniformly numbering according to the stratum sedimentary age to obtain a 'standard stratum table' of the region;
and step 3: modeling a drilling hole; surveying the real distribution condition of the stratum at the spatial position through a drilling model;
step 3.1: drawing all typical section maps according to the layering information of the original drill holes to finish the stratum comparison among the drill holes;
step 3.2: according to the drawn profile map, combining the standard stratum table in the step 2, adjusting the layering of the drilling data, and endowing each stratum on the profile map with a standard stratum code;
step 3.3: after the drilling stratum is determined, drawing a drilling three-dimensional model according to the spatial position, the drilling depth and the aperture size of the drill hole, wherein different colors on the drilling three-dimensional model represent stratums with different numbers;
and 4, step 4: modeling a stratum; taking the drilling data, the rock formation exposure line and the formation attitude as control elements of a formation layer surface, and carrying out three-dimensional spatial interpolation modeling;
step 4.1: determining a stratum system of a research area through borehole comparison and lithology, lithofacies, thickness and deformation information of a stratum in the section;
step 4.2: selecting a borehole and a rock formation exposure line, and performing spatial interpolation by adopting a smooth discrete interpolation (DSI) method;
step 4.3: checking the intersected, pinchoff and missing stratum layers to eliminate unreasonable parts of the stratum layers;
step 4.4: after the stratum surface is checked, according to the sequence of the stratum from bottom to top, starting from the triangular surface TIN of each stratum, carrying out intersection calculation with the upper stratum surface in sequence, continuously adding stratum control points, and correcting the TIN surface;
and 5: generating a geologic body; converting the geological layer TIN generated in the step 4 into a three-dimensional body to generate a geological body;
step 5.1: converting the TIN surface of the adjacent stratum into a multilayer triangular prism space model by adopting a Delaunay stitching algorithm;
step 5.2: performing tetrahedrization on a triangular prism according to stratum nodes on the drilled hole to obtain an irregular tetrahedral structure TEN as a three-dimensional unit;
step 5.3: removing a coincident surface in the generated TEN, and combining the coincident surface with the TIN corrected in the step (4) to obtain a three-dimensional geologic body model of the region;
step 5.4: and (3) performing voxelization on the three-dimensional model, and dividing the generated three-dimensional geologic body model space into uniform grids, wherein each grid carries an independent attribute value.
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| CN112862967B (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2023-07-18 | 北京市水利规划设计研究院 | Method and device for establishing three-dimensional geological model |
| CN116071515B (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-09 | 北京理正软件股份有限公司 | Method and application system for creating digital three-dimensional geological model layer by layer |
| CN116433857B (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2024-03-01 | 中交公路长大桥建设国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Three-dimensional data visualization method and system for bridge engineering geology |
| CN116630565B (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-10-03 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Geological drilling three-dimensional model generation method and device based on multi-section line buffering |
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