CN1853075A - 具有变速风扇的制冷*** - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种跨临界制冷***,其包括压缩机(22)、空气冷却器(24)、膨胀装置(26)、和蒸发器(28)。制冷剂经封闭回路***循环流动。优选地,二氧化碳用来作为制冷剂。风扇(54)使与制冷剂进行热交换的外界空气流过蒸发器(28)。通过调节风扇(54)的转速来调节蒸发器的压力和将蒸发器(28)调整到适应不同的环境条件,以获得最佳的性能系数。在高温环境条件下,降低风扇的转速,会减小***内的制冷剂质量流率。气体冷却器(24)内单位质量制冷剂的能量交换增大并且风扇(54)做的功减小,从而提高了***的性能系数。在低温环境条件下,***的质量流率低,并且在蒸发器(28)的制冷剂侧存在更大的热交换热阻。降低风扇(54)的转速以减小风扇(54)做的功。因此,提高了性能系数。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种包括变速风扇的制冷***,该风扇随着环境条件的变化而改变流过蒸发器的空气流速。
背景技术
含氯制冷剂在世界上大多数国家已经逐渐被淘汰,因为它们破坏臭氧层的可能性。氢氟烃(HFC)已经被用作替代制冷剂,但是这些制冷剂仍然具有使全球变暖的很大可能。“天然的”制冷剂,例如二氧化碳和丙烷,已被推荐作为替代流体。二氧化碳具有低临界点,这将导致大多数利用二氧化碳作为制冷剂的制冷***部分在临界点以上运行,或者在大多数情况下跨临界地(transcritical)运行。任何亚临界流体的压力都是在饱和状态下温度的函数(当液态和气态同时存在时)。然而,当流体的温度高于临界温度(超临界)时,压力则变成流体密度的函数。
在制冷***中,制冷剂在压缩机中被压缩到高压。在气体冷却器中,热量从高压制冷剂传递到例如水的流体介质。制冷剂在膨胀装置中被膨胀到低压。接着,制冷剂通过蒸发器并且从环境空气中吸收热量。接着,低压制冷剂再次进入压缩机中以便完成循环。
制冷***可以具有较宽范围的运行条件。例如,在蒸发器入口的环境空气温度可以从冬季的大约-10变化到夏季的大约120。因此,制冷剂的蒸发温度可以从大约-20变化到大约100。因此,夏季的制冷剂质量流率和***的加热能力可以是冬季加热能力的8倍到10倍,并且夏季***的加热能力可以是冬季加热能力的4到5倍。气体冷却器和蒸发器能够处理最大和最小的制冷剂流动和加热能力。然而,当在季节的平均条件下运行时,例如在环境空气温度为50时,它们总是最优的。
发明内容
一种跨临界制冷***,其包括压缩机、气体冷却器、膨胀装置、和蒸发器。制冷剂经封闭的回路***循环流动。优选地,二氧化碳用来作为制冷剂。二氧化碳具有低临界点,并且利用二氧化碳作为制冷剂的***通常跨临界地运行。
制冷剂在压缩机内被压缩,并且接着在气体冷却器中冷却。制冷剂在气体冷却器中将热量释放给水,以加热水。接着,制冷剂流过膨胀装置并且膨胀到低压。在膨胀后,制冷剂流过蒸发器并且被周围的外界空气加热,以高焓和低压排出蒸发器。接着,制冷剂被压缩,以便完成循环。
风扇使与制冷剂进行热交换的外界空气流经蒸发器。变速驱动器控制风扇的转速。通过变速驱动器来调节风扇的转速和蒸发器压力,从而可调节流过蒸发器的外界空气的空气流速,并且可以调节蒸发器适应不同的环境条件,以获得最佳的性能系数。
温度传感器检测环境空气的温度。在高温环境条件下,进入蒸发器的环境空气的温度高,从而提高了制冷剂的质量流率。高质量流率提高了气体冷却器内制冷剂的趋近温度,降低了***性能。在高温环境条件下,变速驱动器降低了风扇转速,从而减小了流过蒸发器的空气流率和***中制冷剂的质量流率。通过减小质量流率,气体冷却器内单位质量制冷剂的能量交换增加。风扇做的功也减少了。因此,该***的性能系数提高。
在低温环境条件下,该***的质量流率低并且在蒸发器内存在热传递的热阻。将风扇的转速降低以减小蒸发器内的空气流率和减少风扇做的功。因此,性能系数提高了。
从下面的描述和附图中将最好地理解本发明的这些和其他的特征。
附图说明
通过下面对目前优选实施例的详细描述,本发明的很多特征和优点对于所属领域的技术人员来说将变得很明显。下面将简要说明详细描述附加的附图:
图1示意性地描述了使用变速风扇的制冷***图;和
图2示意性地描述了正常运行中跨临界制冷***的热力学图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了制冷***20,其包括压缩机22、放热式热交换器(在跨临界循环中为气体冷却器)24、膨胀装置26、和蒸发器(蒸发器)28。制冷剂经封闭的回路循环20循环流动。优选地,将二氧化碳用作制冷剂。尽管描述了二氧化碳,但也可以使用其他的制冷剂。因为二氧化碳具有低临界点,利用二氧化碳作为制冷剂的***通常需要制冷***20以跨临界方式运行。
当在水加热模式下运行时,制冷剂以高压和高焓排出压缩机22。制冷剂流过气体冷却器24并且散发热量,以低焓和高压排出气体冷却器24。诸如水的一种流体介质流过气体冷却器24的散热装置30,并且与制冷剂进行热交换。水泵32使流体介质流过散热装置30。冷却后的流体34在散热装置入口或返回口36进入散热装置30,并且沿与制冷剂流动方向相反的方向流动。在从制冷剂吸收热量后,被加热后的水38在散热装置出口或供给口40排出。制冷剂在制冷剂入口62进入气体冷却器24,并且在制冷剂出口64排出。
制冷剂在膨胀装置26中被膨胀到低压。膨胀装置26可以是电子膨胀阀(EXV)或者其他类型的膨胀装置26。
在膨胀后,制冷剂流过蒸发器28并且从周围的外界空气中接收热量。外界空气44流过吸热装置46,并且向流经蒸发器28的制冷剂放热。外界空气通过吸热装置入口或者返回口48进入吸热装置46,并且沿与制冷剂流动方向相反的方向流动,或者沿与制冷剂流动方向交叉的方向流动。在与制冷剂进行热交换之后,冷却后的外界空气50通过吸热装置出口或者供给口52排出吸热装置46。制冷剂以高焓和低压排出蒸发器28。该***20还包括温度传感器60,其用于感应周围空气的温度。
风扇54使周围空气流过蒸发器28,并且控制流过蒸发器28的空气流速。变速驱动器56控制风扇54的转速。通过变速驱动器56调节风扇54的转速,并且因此调节经过过蒸发器28的空气流率,可以使蒸发器28适应不同的环境条件,以获得最佳的性能系数。将性能系数定义为在气体冷却器24中的传热热量除以***20的能耗量。该***的能耗量为压缩机22做的功加上风扇54做的功和泵32做的功。
该***20也可以包括收集器58。收集器58储存从***20排出的过量制冷剂,以控制***20的高压,并且因此控制性能系数。
图2示意性地描述了正常运行中制冷***20的热力学图。制冷剂以高压和高焓排出压缩机22,如点A所示。当制冷剂以高压流过气体冷却器24时,向流体介质传递热量和焓,以低焓和高压排出气体冷却器24,如点B所示。当制冷剂通过膨胀装置26时,压力降低,如点C所示。膨胀后,制冷剂通过蒸发器28并且与外界空气进行热交换,以高焓和低压排出,如点D所示。在制冷剂通过压缩机22之后,制冷剂再次返回高压和高焓的状态,以便完成循环。
在夏季高温环境(high ambient)条件下,进入蒸发器28的环境空气的温度比季节的平均条件高,例如高于80,在风扇54恒定的转速下,提高了蒸发器28内的制冷剂温度并且提高了蒸发压力。制冷剂质量流率增加,提高了气体冷却器24内的趋近温度(approach temperature(热流出口与冷流入口的温差))和排出气体冷却器24的制冷剂温度。趋近温度是指在气体冷却器24的制冷剂出口64的制冷剂温度和在气体冷却器24的散热装置入口36的水温之间的温差。排出气体冷却器24的制冷剂温度和气体冷却器24的效率影响跨临界***20的效率。因此,在高温环境条件下,经制冷剂出口64排出气体冷却器24的制冷剂温度升高,从而降低了气体冷却器24的性能和降低了***20的性能。
当温度传感器60检测到环境空气的温度比季节平均条件高时,例如高于80时,传感器60给变速驱动器56发送信号,以降低风扇54的转速并且减小通过蒸发器28的空气流率。减小流经蒸发器28的空气流率降低了蒸发器的温度和压力,从而减小了在压缩机吸入口68处的制冷剂密度,并减小了该***20内的制冷剂质量流率。制冷剂通过气体冷却器24的速度更慢,使得气体冷却器24内每单位质量制冷剂的能量交换增加,从而提高了气体冷却器24的性能。
在高温环境条件下降低风扇54的转速,增加了气体冷却器24内的热量传递。每单位制冷剂质量流的压缩机22做的功也由于通过压缩机22的更高压力而增加。然而,当变速驱动器56降低风扇54的转速时,风扇54做的功会减少。因此,当在高温环境温度下降低风扇54的转速时,***20的性能系数会提高。
在暴露于非常高的环境条件(100-120)的延长的过程中,当该***20停止运行时,压缩机吸入口68的制冷剂压力会高于临界压力,因为二氧化碳制冷剂的临界温度是87.8。超临界的二氧化碳制冷剂具有液体的特性。如果在压缩机吸入口68的制冷剂压力高于临界压力,压缩机22内的润滑剂会完全溶解到制冷剂中,并且流经该***20。如果润滑剂在制冷剂中溶解,润滑剂会经***20循环流动并且离开压缩机22。因此,润滑剂不能润滑压缩机22。
压缩机22的吸入压力必须控制在亚临界压力,以防止润滑剂在制冷剂中溶解。为了将压缩机吸入口68的制冷剂压力降低到亚临界压力,当启动压缩机22时关闭风扇54。降低风扇54的转速以减小流过蒸发器28的空气流率,从而降低蒸发器的温度和压力。其结果是,在压缩机吸入口68的制冷剂密度减小,并且在压缩机吸入口68的压力降低。
当压力传感器66检测到压缩机22的吸入压力降低到低于临界压力时,压力传感器66会传送信号到变速驱动器56,以开启风扇54。接着,通过驱动器56控制和调节风扇54来改变蒸发压力,以优化该***20的性能并且获得压缩机22的亚临界吸入压力。
当进入蒸发器28的环境空气流温度较低(低于20)时,该***20的质量流率明显低于***20在高温环境条件下运行的质量流率。随着恒定量的空气流以低质量流率通过蒸发器28时,在蒸发器28的制冷剂侧,空气和制冷剂之间存在更大的热传递热阻。也就是说,热传递的热阻主要是从蒸发管到制冷剂。为了降低空气流率,将风扇54的转速降低。降低风扇54的转速将不会明显地影响蒸发器28中的热传递,因为热传递总热阻的增长是低的。然而,降低风扇54的转速会需要更少的能耗。当该***20的能耗减小时,会提高***20的性能。
前面的描述仅仅是本发明原理的示例。按照上面的指导,本发明很多的更改和变化都是可行的。我们已经公开了本发明优选的实施例,然而,所属领域的普通技术人员会认识到本发明范围内的某些更改会出现。因此,可以理解的是,在附加的权利要求范围内,可以实施上面具体描述之外的本发明。因为这个原因,后面的权利要求应被认为是限定了本发明实际的范围和内容。
Claims (25)
1、一种跨临界制冷***,包括:
压缩装置,其用于将制冷剂压缩到高压;
放热式热交换器,其用于冷却所述制冷剂;
膨胀装置,其用于将所述制冷剂降到低压;
吸热式热交换器,其用于使得所述制冷剂蒸发,并且空气流与所述吸热式热交换器内的所述制冷剂进行热交换;和
变速装置,其使得所述空气流以可变的空气流速流经所述的吸热式热交换器。
2、如权利要求1所述的***,其中所述的制冷剂是二氧化碳。
3、如权利要求1所述的***,其中所述的变速装置是风扇。
4、如权利要求1所述的***,还包括驱动器,该驱动器用于控制所述变速装置的装置速度。
5、如权利要求4所述的***,还包括温度传感器,其用于感应所述空气流的温度,并且所述驱动器根据所述温度传感器感应的所述温度来调节所述变速装置和所述空气流的所述可变空气流速。
6、如权利要求5所述的***,其中当所述温度传感器检测到所述空气流的温度高于门限温度时,所述驱动器降低所述变速装置的装置速度,以减小所述空气流的所述可变空气流速。
7、如权利要求6所述的***,其中所述的门限温度是80。
8、如权利要求5所述的***,其中当所述温度传感器检测到所述空气流的温度高于门限温度时,所述变速装置在启动所述压缩装置之前停止运行。
9、如权利要求8所述的***,其中所述的门限温度是100。
10、如权利要求8所述的***,还包括压力传感器,其用于感应在所述压缩装置吸入口处的压力,并且当所述压力传感器感应到在所述压缩机在所述吸入口处的所述压力超过门限压力时,启动所述变速装置。
11、如权利要求5所述的***,其中当所述传感器检测到所述空气流的温度低于门限温度时,所述驱动器降低所述变速装置的装置速度,以减小所述空气流的所述可变空气流速。
12、如权利要求11所述的***,其中所述门限温度为20。
13、如权利要求4所述的***,其中改变所述变速装置的所述装置速度可优化***的性能。
14、一种跨临界制冷***,包括:
压缩装置,其用于将制冷剂压缩到高压;
放热式热交换器,其用于冷却所述制冷剂;
膨胀装置,其用于将所述制冷剂降到低压;
吸热式热交换器,其用于使得所述制冷剂蒸发,并且空气流与所述吸热式热交换器内的所述制冷剂进行热交换;
变速装置,其使得所述空气流以可变的空气流速流经所述的吸热式热交换器;
温度传感器,其用于感应所述空气流的温度,并且所述变速装置根据所述温度传感器感应的所述温度来改变所述空气流的所述可变空气流速。
15、如权利要求14所述的***,其中所述的制冷剂是二氧化碳。
16、如权利要求14所述的***,其中驱动器用于控制所述变速装置的装置速度。
17、如权利要求16所述的***,其中当所述温度传感器检测到所述空气流的温度高于门限温度时,所述驱动器降低所述变速装置的装置速度,以减小所述空气流的所述可变空气流速。
18、如权利要求17所述的***,其中所述的门限温度是80。
19、如权利要求16所述的***,其中当所述温度传感器检测到所述空气流的温度高于门限温度时,所述变速装置在启动所述压缩装置之前停止运行。
20、如权利要求19所述的***,其中所述的门限温度是100。
21、如权利要求20所述的***,还包括压力传感器,其用于感应在所述压缩装置吸入口处的压力,并且当所述压力传感器感应到在所述压缩机的所述吸入口处的所述压力超过门限压力时,启动所述变速装置。
22、如权利要求16所述的***,其中当所述传感器检测到所述空气流的温度低于门限温度时,所述驱动器降低所述变速装置的装置速度,以减小所述空气流的可变空气流速。
23、如权利要求22所述的***,其中所述门限温度为20。
24、如权利要求17所述的***,其中改变所述变速装置的所述装置速度可优化***的性能。
25、一种调控跨临界制冷***的性能系数的方法,包括下面的步骤:
将制冷剂压缩到所述高压;
冷却所述制冷剂;
使得所述制冷剂膨胀到低压;
提供具有可变空气流速的空气流;
借助在所述制冷剂和所述空气流之间的热交换来使得所述制冷剂蒸发;
感应所述空气流的温度;和
根据所述空气流的所述温度来调节所述可变空气流速。
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US10/602,114 | 2003-06-23 | ||
US10/602,114 US6968708B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Refrigeration system having variable speed fan |
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EP (1) | EP1646831B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2007524059A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100721889B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100385182C (zh) |
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DE (1) | DE602004020772D1 (zh) |
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- 2004-06-17 DE DE602004020772T patent/DE602004020772D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN100513930C (zh) * | 2004-03-31 | 2009-07-15 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 冷冻循环装置及其控制方法 |
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CN114562838A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-31 | 富士电机株式会社 | 制冷剂回路装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2005003650A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
JP2007524059A (ja) | 2007-08-23 |
KR20060026442A (ko) | 2006-03-23 |
EP1646831A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 |
AU2004254588B2 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
MXPA05014234A (es) | 2006-03-09 |
DE602004020772D1 (de) | 2009-06-04 |
EP1646831B1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
AU2004254588A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
US20040255603A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
US6968708B2 (en) | 2005-11-29 |
ATE429618T1 (de) | 2009-05-15 |
KR100721889B1 (ko) | 2007-05-28 |
CN100385182C (zh) | 2008-04-30 |
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