CN1846067A - 有一经处理以提高对诱生应力疲劳耐力并可构型来保持紧凑轴向长度的埋头孔的涡轮增压器压缩机叶轮 - Google Patents

有一经处理以提高对诱生应力疲劳耐力并可构型来保持紧凑轴向长度的埋头孔的涡轮增压器压缩机叶轮 Download PDF

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CN1846067A
CN1846067A CNA2004800248406A CN200480024840A CN1846067A CN 1846067 A CN1846067 A CN 1846067A CN A2004800248406 A CNA2004800248406 A CN A2004800248406A CN 200480024840 A CN200480024840 A CN 200480024840A CN 1846067 A CN1846067 A CN 1846067A
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countersink
compressor impeller
wheel hub
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extension part
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A·H·福尔曼
K·R·斯文森
D·E·洛林格
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
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    • B23P9/02—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling
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    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B39/00—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor
    • B24B39/02—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
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    • C21D7/08—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by burnishing or the like
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Abstract

一种压缩机叶轮(16)及其制造技术。该轮包括一个有一埋头孔(36)的轮毂(21)，该埋头孔内部受处理而传递残余压缩应力，以便提高对诱生应力的疲劳的耐力。该表面处理允许延伸该埋头孔使其更接近一个该轮的典型的最大应力的平面(30)。该设计的灵活性能有利地避免或减小压缩机叶轮的悬伸，由此改善转子的动力学性能并减小轮毂的轴向长度和压缩机叶轮的总轨迹。

Description

有一经处理以提高对诱生应力疲劳耐力并可构型来保持紧凑轴向 长度的埋头孔的涡轮增压器压缩机叶轮
发明领域
本发总的涉及可用于涡轮增压器、增压器等的压缩机叶轮。
背景技术
设计用于满足严格的排放规定的装备了内燃机如柴油机的机车可能需要可由涡轮增压器提供的相当高的空气流速和高的歧管压力，来满足空气质量目标，同时尽可能提高燃料经济性和可靠性。高的增压比(通常3.8或更高)可能要求涡轮增压器压缩机叶轮上的高的端部速度，这可能导致镗孔区域中的高的拉伸应力值和由于低周波疲劳而产生的轮寿命缩短。已知压缩机叶轮已使用一个沿转动轴线穿过该轮的中心的通孔，在那里该轮可以用一锁紧螺母牢固地安装在一根轴上。
还知道所谓无孔的压缩机叶轮能够以比有一通孔的压缩机叶轮更高的速度转动，因为通孔除去载带负荷的材料，由此提高了剩余材料中的应力值。也就是，更多的叶轮材料存在于一个导致更高的负荷支承能力的最大离心负荷的点上。
在一种已知的压缩机叶轮中，压缩机叶轮的沿轴向对应于该叶轮的径向最外部分的一个轮毂部分承受该最大离心负荷。也就是，存在一个与轮毂的最大径向范围基本上轴向对准的指示特有的最大应力的平面。在该已知的压缩机叶轮中，在轮毂延伸部中设置一个螺纹埋头孔以装入该轴，但是，该埋头孔的终点必须离指示特有的最大应力的平面很短，以避免在该位置上的高应力值。因为该轴/螺纹界面的长度对任何给定的用途通常是恒定的，所以上述配置(该配置使设计者将这样一个界面安置成离开该高应力平面)可能造成该压缩机叶轮的过分悬伸。这有害地影响转子动力学性能并增加了轮毂延伸部的轴向长度，从而增加了压缩机叶轮和涡轮增压器的总轨迹(footprint)。
发明简述
利用一个有一其底面经处理以传递用于提高对应力诱生疲劳耐力的残余压缩应力的埋头孔的轮毂，本发明的各方面可改善压缩机寿命。这种表面处理允许延伸该埋头孔而使其相当地更接近于一个指示特有的最大应力的平面。这种设计的灵活性能够有利地避免或减小压缩机叶轮的悬伸，由此改善转子的动力学特性和缩短轮毂的轴向长度以及压缩机叶轮和涡轮增压器的总轨迹。
大体上，本发明通过在其一个方面中提供一种制造一压缩机叶轮的方法而满足上述要求。该方法能够形成压缩机叶轮的形成一埋头孔的轮毂延伸部。该方法还允许将残余的压缩应力传递到该埋头孔的一个底面。
在其另一方面中，本发明还通过提供一种包括一个有一形成埋头孔的轮毂延伸部的轮毂的压缩机叶轮来满足上述要求。该埋头孔包括一个底面，而该埋头孔的底面经处理而将残余的压缩应力传递到其上。
附图简述
结合附图阅读本发明的详细描述将清楚本发明的特点和优点，附图中：
图1例示一种可得益于本发明说明的示范的涡轮增压器的省略图；
图2表示体现本发明各方面的一种示范的压缩机叶轮的截面图；
图3表示有关图2的压缩机叶轮的构型细节，这些细节允许将一个安装的埋头孔安置成相当地更接近于一个指示该轮的特有的最大应力的平面；
图4表示一根装配在体现本发明各方面的一个埋头孔中的可转动的轴。
发明详述
图1表示一种可从本发明的说明中得益的示范的涡轮增压器(10)的省略图。涡轮增压器(10)总的包括相应的压缩机和涡轮机的级(12)和(14)，并包括通过可转动的轴(20)联接的压缩机叶轮(16)和涡轮(18)。涡轮(18)设置在涡轮机座体内，该座体包括一个入口，用于接受从内燃机(未示出)来的排出气体。该涡轮机座体引导发动机的排出气体与涡轮(18)连通和膨胀通过涡轮(18)，以便可转动地驱动该涡轮。同时，涡轮可转动地驱动轴(20)和可以置于压缩机座体内的压缩机叶轮(16)。压缩机叶轮(16)及座体能够抽入和压缩环境空气，以便供给发动机的进气。
参照图2，示出一种压缩机叶轮(16)的示范实施例的截面图。压缩机叶轮(16)包括一个轮毂部分(21)。轮毂部分(21)限定一个对应于压缩机叶轮(16)的前表面(22)，并支承多个沿周边隔开设置的压缩机叶片(23)(图2中只可以看到两个)，这些叶片在轮(16)上又沿径向向外又沿轴向地悬伸。轮毂部分(21)还包括一个沿径向扩大的盘状部分(24)，后者用于支承压缩机叶片(23)，也形成底表面(25)，用于在叶片(23)之间限定空气流动通道。盘状部分(24)还限定轮毂(21)的一个沿径向的外周边表面(26)，以及一个沿轴向设置的后侧面或后表面(27)。
相关技术的专业人员将会认识到，在压缩机叶轮(16)的操作中，与轮毂(21)的最大径向范围基本上沿轴向对准地存在一个指示特有的最大应力的平面(30)。也就是，最大应力的平面(30)通常与表面(26)符合一致，并在转动轴(34)横交平面(30)的点上即近似地于点(31)处达到最大值。
为了避免一个传统通孔的不希望的应力集中和保持点(31)附近的固体金属的强度，压缩机叶轮(16)包括一个由轮毂(21)整体形成的且沿轴向背离平面(30)地延伸的轮毂延伸部(38)。轮毂延伸部(38)限定一个沿轴向延伸的埋头孔(36)。
本发明的发明人已创新地认识到，当埋头孔(36)的底面(40)被处理而将残余的压缩应力传递给这样一个底面时，就可以有利地改进转子的动力学性能和减小压缩机叶轮的轴向长度。可以用于处理埋头孔基本的技术例子如冷加工技术可以包括喷丸处理、激光处理、玻璃丸处理、滚轧抛光等。冷加工在金属的退火温度以下提供一种金属(如铝)的塑性形变而造成永久的应***化。
如该技术中所理解的和此处使用的，喷丸意味着加压一部分表面而在该表面上形成凹陷或压痕。喷丸设备通常用于在一工件的外表面上产生一个压缩应力保护层。该保护层显著地增大该工件对疲劳失效的阻力。喷丸处理中使用的丸粒可以包括用硬金属或任何其它合适的材料制成的球粒。利用喷丸处理***，一股高速行进的丸粒被引向工件的外表面如该埋头孔的底部。每个以足够的力冲击在工件外表面上的丸粒造成该表面的塑性形变而在表面中形成一凹坑。以这种方式，在该工件的外表面上形成一个压缩应力层，从而增大该工件的疲劳强度。
在激光处理工艺中，来自激光束源的激光束被用来在一表面上产生一强大的局部压力。激光处理工艺可用来替代喷丸处理工艺，在工件的外表面上产生一压应力保护层。此类处理还相当地增加了工件疲劳破坏的阻力。因此，激光处理通常对于产生表面残余压缩应力是一种非常有效的措施，从而延伸了工件的有效寿命。
如图3中所示，埋头孔底面的表面处理能够延伸埋头孔(36)的底面(40)相当地更加接近指示特有的最大应力的平面(30)。这通过相对于埋头孔底部(40)的埋头孔底部(40’)的表示而示范地例示于图3中。这种设计的灵活性能够有益地避免或减小压缩机叶轮的悬伸，由此改善了转子的动力学特性和缩短了轮毂延伸部的轴向长度，以及压缩机叶轮和涡轮增压器的总轨迹。例如，假定埋头孔(36)的底部(40)做成向平面(30)延伸一个距离L，那么这将能够使轮毂延伸部(38)的轴向长度缩短距离L。
在本发明的又一方面，如可从图4中所见，该埋头孔的延伸底部(40)允许轴(20)相对于特有的最大拉伸应力的平面(30)贯穿得更深，由此减小压缩机叶轮的轴向悬伸。在一个示范的实施例中，埋头孔(36)包括设置成易于使埋头(36)中装入的轴(20)定中心的对准导向器(42)。也就是，对准导向器(42)做成尽可能减小轴(20)相对于埋头孔壁的偏心度。如该技术的专业人员将能理解的，压缩机叶轮、轴和推力环(44)可以相对于一个能对这些转动构件提供径向支承的轴承而转动。
虽然此处已示出和描述了本发明的优选实施例，但显然这些实施例只是例子。该技术的专业人员可以进行各种变化、更换和替代而并不偏离本发明。因此，预期本发明仅受附属的权利要求书的范围和实际精神的限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种制造压缩机叶轮(16)的方法，该方法包括：
在该压缩机叶轮的轮毂(21)上形成一个轮毂延伸部(38)，该轮毂延伸部限定一个埋头孔(36)；以及
将残余压缩应力传递给该埋头孔的底面(40)。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，还包括将该埋头孔被构型成使其底面向一个指示该压缩机叶轮的特有的最大拉伸应力的平面延伸。
3.权利要求2的方法，其特征在于，还包括根据该埋头孔的底面向指示该压缩机叶轮的特有的最大拉伸应力的平在所延伸的距离而减小该轮毂延伸部的轴向长度。
4.权利要求2的方法，其特征在于，将残余压缩应力传递给该埋头孔的底面的工艺方法选自下列一组工艺：对所述表面进行喷丸处理、激光处理、滚轧抛光和玻璃丸处理。
5.一种用于减小一压缩机叶轮的轴向长度的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
在该压缩机叶轮的轮毂(21)上形成一个轮毂延伸部(38)，该轮毂延伸部限定一个埋头孔(36)；
将残余的压缩应力传递给该埋头孔的底面(40)；
将所述埋头孔的底面向着一个指示该压缩机叶轮的典型的最大拉伸应力的平面延伸；以及
根据该埋头孔的底面向指示特有的最大拉伸应力的平面所延伸的距离而减小该压缩机叶轮的轴向长度。
6.权利要求5的方法，其特征在于，将残余压缩应力传递给该埋头孔的底面的工艺方法选自下列一组工艺：对所述表面进行喷丸处理、激光处理、滚轧抛光和玻璃丸处理。
7.权利要求5的方法，其特征在于，还包括将一个可转动的轴(20)装入该埋头孔，其中所述埋头孔的延伸底面允许所述轴相对于指示特有的最大拉伸应力的平面更深地贯穿，从而减小该压缩机叶轮的沿轴向的悬伸。
8.一种压缩机叶轮，包括：
一个轮毂(21)，包括一个限定一埋头孔(36)的轮毂延伸部(38)，所述埋头孔包括一底面(40)，其中所述埋头孔的底面经处理而将残余压缩应力传递到那里。
9.权利要求8的压缩机叶轮，其特征在于，该轮毂和轮毂延伸部组成一个整体结构。
10.一种用于内燃机的涡轮增压器，所述涡轮增压器包括：
一个压缩机叶轮(16)；
一个在所述压缩机叶轮中的轮毂(21)，该轮毂包括一个限定一埋头孔的轮毂延伸部(38)，该埋头孔有一底面(40)。其中所述埋头孔的底面经处理而将残余压缩应力传递到那里，而且，其中所述埋头孔的底面被构型成向一个指示该压缩机叶轮的特有的最大拉伸应力的平面(30)延伸；以及
一个安装在该埋头孔中的可转动的轴(20)，其中所述埋头孔的延伸的底面允许所述轴相对于指示特有的最大拉伸应力的平面更深地贯穿，由此减小压缩机叶轮的轴向悬伸。
CN2004800248406A 2003-08-28 2004-08-02 有一经处理以提高对诱生应力疲劳耐力并可构型来保持紧凑轴向长度的埋头孔的涡轮增压器压缩机叶轮 Expired - Fee Related CN1846067B (zh)

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US10/650,839 US6994526B2 (en) 2003-08-28 2003-08-28 Turbocharger compressor wheel having a counterbore treated for enhanced endurance to stress-induced fatigue and configurable to provide a compact axial length
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PCT/US2004/024768 WO2005083269A2 (en) 2003-08-28 2004-08-02 Turbocharger compressor wheel having a counterbore treated for enhanced endurance to stress-induced fatigue and configurable to provide a compact axial length

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