CN1832710B - 支架 - Google Patents

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CN1832710B
CN1832710B CN2004800227170A CN200480022717A CN1832710B CN 1832710 B CN1832710 B CN 1832710B CN 2004800227170 A CN2004800227170 A CN 2004800227170A CN 200480022717 A CN200480022717 A CN 200480022717A CN 1832710 B CN1832710 B CN 1832710B
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support
connector
annular segments
diagonal brace
longitudinal axis
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CN1832710A (zh
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T·尼斯尔
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Qualimed Innovative Medizinprodukte GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种支架(1)，是一种用于变窄的体内血管的血管假体。支架(1)具有一个管状的撑架(2)，它包括一些轴向连续不断的环形分段(3)，这些环形分段在初始状态下由各个成波形连续相互连接的斜撑(5、6)构成。各邻接的环形分段(3)轴向通过各个不同长度的、具有U形成形的补偿部分(11、12)的连接件(9、10)相连接。全部连接件(9、10)指向同一圆周方向(U)。此外不仅沿圆周方向(U)而且沿支架纵轴线(L)分别交替地设置不同长度的连接件(9、10)。

Description

支架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗狭窄的支架。
背景技术
狭窄是先天性的或引起的血管梗阻或管状的体内器管例如气管、支气管、食道、胆管、泌尿道、主动脉和冠状动脉或其他的体内血管的收缩。狭窄的起因常常是肿瘤，其挤压体内器管。可以通过手术的和非手术的措施打开狭窄。在非手术的措施的情况下将支架通过导管技术***在狭窄区域的血管内。支架在那里作为血管假体起支撑血管内壁的作用。
支架具有极不同的实施形式和撑架(Stützgerüst)的设计。WO96/26689、DE 297 02 671 U1或DE 295 21 206 U1列举了一些作为示范性的实例。
支架具有一个管状的金属撑架，其包括多个环形分段。这些环形分段由各个波形或曲折形的经由拱形部分连续相互连接的斜撑构成。各邻接的环形分段沿支架纵轴线通过各连接件相连接。
为了植入，将支架压缩。在这方面在专业语言上人们谈及皱缩。在皱缩的状态下将借助一个适当的器械***狭窄的区域内并在那里展开，此时支架从初始状态相反地扩大到直径加大的支撑状态。该扩大过程可以自动地在所述的自己膨胀的支架中实现，但其也可以借助于适当的器械例如一球胀导管来引起。
实践中已证实，支架常常或不能提供必需的径向力，以便足以承受住一个狭窄，或构成为使其妨碍血管的功能。其他的实施形式又不能足够地皱缩或在皱缩的状态下并不是充分柔性的。以便可以无问题地以其弯曲顺应体内血管。
发明内容
因此从现有技术出发本发明的目的在于，提供一种在很好地利用材料使用量的情况下具有尽可能高的稳定性特别是径向强度的支架。
按照本发明该目的由一种支架来达到，该支架具有一个管状的撑架，该撑架可从一个初始状态扩大到一个支撑状态并且包括一些沿支架纵轴线连续不断的环形分段，这些环形分段由各个沿撑架的圆周方向成波形连续相互连接的斜撑构成，其中各邻接的环形分段通过各个不同长度的、具有U形成形的补偿部分的连接件相连接，其特征在于，斜撑是成拱形弯曲的并且经由各拱形部分相互过渡，其中全部斜撑向同一圆周方向弯曲并且连接件的全部U形成形的补偿部分指向同一圆周方向，其中不仅沿圆周方向而且沿支架纵轴线分别交替地设置不同长度的连接件，并且长的连接件在补偿部分的两侧具有拱形的侧边，它们如斜撑那样向同一圆周方向弯曲。
在一种有利的实施形式中，各邻接的环形分段的一方面波峰而另一方面波谷相互正面对置。
在一个实施形式中，沿支架纵轴线连续不断的各连接件的接头向各拱形部分相互正面对置。
本发明的支架具有一个管状的撑架，它可以一个初始状态扩大到一个支撑状态。该撑架包括一些沿支架纵轴线连续不断的环形分段，这些环形分段由各个沿撑架的圆周方向或波形连续相互连接的斜撑构成。各邻接的环形分段通过各个不同长度的、具有U形成形的补偿部分的连接件相连接。这些补偿部分按照本发明全都指向同一圆周方向。不仅沿圆周方向而且沿支架纵轴线方向分别交替地设置不同长度的连接件。
该设计构成为使在支架的支撑状态下由各自身固定的斜撑形成一种本身稳定的桁架复合结构，其中各斜撑分别以其各端会合于各节点，同时各节点构成为无摩擦的关节。从外面在支架受载时作用的径向力在各节点中承受并从那里传向不同的斜撑方向。因此本发明的支架的特征是高的稳定性和高的径向刚度。这可以用来减小撑架的材料厚度和斜撑宽度，这不仅可以降低材料使用量，而且特别导致支架的更大的柔性和更好的皱缩性以及更好地降低再狭窄率，如现有的研究所表明的。
支架可由金属制造。在这方面可以采用全部的可变形的医学上可能的金属或金属合金，例如不锈钢、钴合金(Phynox)、纯铁或镍钛合金。
特别有利的是，本发明的支架也作为塑料支架，因为其一般并不具有很大的强度。在这方面采用可生物吸收的塑料。
本发明的支架按分别匹配于不同直径的体内血管设计。在初始状态的基本构形是各个成波形构成的环形分段和各在中间加入的连接件。这些在几何上特别关于斜撑的长度和其相互间的角度位置设计成使各邻接的环形分段的一方面波峰而另一方面波谷相互正面对置，如其在权利要求2中设定的。
对本发明表明特征的还有，各斜撑是成拱形弯曲的并且经由各拱形部分相互过渡，其中全部斜撑向同一圆周方向弯曲。这有利于皱缩过程。
各连接件沿支架纵轴线成排连续地连接，从而由各连接件产生一个波形连续的带，其中短的和长的连接件相互交替设置。其中，沿支架纵轴线连续不断的连接件的接头在各拱形部分处，亦即在各节点中相互正面对置。这种措施也有利地影响支架中的力分布，其中从外面作用的力在各节点上承受并可传向各斜撑。
长的连接件在补偿部分的两侧具有拱形的侧边，其按照总体设计向如各斜撑那样向同一圆周方向弯曲。
一个理论上通过撑架的扩大过程和各斜撑向一种延伸形状的转变产生的长度缩短通过各连接件中的补偿部分来补偿。
总体上产生一个在支撑状态下具有高的径向刚度的撑架。这确保血管壁具有一种功能合理的支撑的很好的和均匀的导向。一种本发明的支架很好地皱缩并且在该状态下具有各环形分段在支架中的明显的柔性的布置。该支架可以例如设置在一球胀导管上通过一体内血管的弯曲很好地***。这种操纵轻便性在植入时不仅对使用者而且对病人实现一高的安全性。
附图说明
以下借助于附图中所示的实施例更详细地描述本发明。其中：
图1一本发明支架的支架模型在初始状态下的展开图；
图2支架模型处于支撑状态；以及
图3按图2的支架模型理想化的力求达到的桁架复合结构的视图。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出一个本发明的支架1的支架模型的展开图。图1示出支架1在其制成以后的初始状态A的展开图。图2示出支架模型在扩大的支撑状态S下的展开图。
支架1由金属或塑料制成并且具有一个包括许多连续不断的环形分段3的管状撑架2。图1和2的视图不是按比例的。特别是图2没有示出支架1如图1所示的环形分段3的总数。
在其未膨胀的初始状态A，如图1中所示，各环形分段3具有包括经由各拱形部分4连续相互连接的斜撑5、6的波形的结构。其中各邻接的环形分段3的一方面波峰7和一方面波谷8相互正面对置。各环形分段3相互间通过沿支架纵轴线L的方向延伸的连接件9、10相连接。在每一连接件9、10中结合一个U形成形的补偿部分11或12。它们通过整个的撑架全都指向同一圆周方向U。
可看出，连接件9或10构成不同长度的。长的连接件10在补偿部分12的两侧具有拱形的侧边13，它们在初始状态A下向如斜撑5、6那样向同一圆周方向U弯曲。不仅沿圆周方向U而且沿支架纵轴线L分别交替地设置短的连接件9和长的连接件10。
斜撑5、6也构成拱形的，其中全部的斜撑5、6向同一圆周方向U弯曲。沿支架纵轴线L连续不断的连接件9或10的接头14、15向各拱形部分4相互正面对置。借此产生一个在斜撑5、6或各环形分段3与各连接件9、10之间的各节点16的有利的力分布或力导入。
该支架2的结构实现，在支架1的支撑状态S下形成一个自身稳定的桁架复合结构，如其在图3所示的那样，通过在支撑状态S下将一个理论模型叠加到撑架2上。粗线型构成理想化的力求达到桁架复合结构。本身固定的斜撑5、6分别会合于各节点16，同时各节点16起关节作用。这样的结构确保在支撑状态S下的高的稳定性和径向强度。在初始状态A下可将支架1很好地弯曲到小的直径。然后可以柔性地和安全地借助一个植入器械一般是一个球胀导管将其植入一个狭窄的区域内的体内血管中。在那里支架1被扩张。这可以自动地或借助一个植入器械来实现。
附图标记清单
1   支架
2   撑架
3   环形分段
4   拱形部分
5   斜撑
6   斜撑
7   波峰
8   波谷
9   连接件
10  连接件
11  补偿部分
12  补偿部分
13  侧边
14  接头
15  接头
16  节点
A   初始状态
S   支撑状态
L   支架纵轴线
U   圆周方向

Claims (3)

1.支架，具有一个管状的撑架(2)，该撑架(2)可从一个初始状态(A)扩大到一个支撑状态(S)并且包括一些沿支架纵轴线(L)连续不断的环形分段(3)，这些环形分段由各个沿撑架(2)的圆周方向(U)成波形连续相互连接的斜撑(5、6)构成，其中各邻接的环形分段(3)通过各个不同长度的、具有U形成形的补偿部分(11、12)的连接件(9、10)相连接，其特征在于，斜撑(5、6)是成拱形弯曲的并且经由各拱形部分(4)相互过渡，其中全部斜撑(5、6)向同一圆周方向(U)弯曲并且连接件(9、10)的全部U形成形的补偿部分(11、12)指向同一圆周方向(U)，其中不仅沿圆周方向(U)而且沿支架纵轴线(L)分别交替地设置不同长度的连接件(9、10)，并且长的连接件(10)在补偿部分(12)的两侧具有拱形的侧边(13)，它们如斜撑(5、6)那样向同一圆周方向(U)弯曲。
2.按照权利要求1所述的支架，其特征在于，各邻接的环形分段(3)的一方面波峰(7)而另一方面波谷(8)相互正面对置。
3.按照权利要求1或2之一项所述的支架，其特征在于，沿支架纵轴线(L)连续不断的各连接件(9、10)的接头(14、15)向各拱形部分(4)相互正面对置。
CN2004800227170A 2003-11-10 2004-10-11 支架 Expired - Fee Related CN1832710B (zh)

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