CN1829832B - 用于防护服的织物,其制造方法和由其制造的防护制品 - Google Patents
用于防护服的织物,其制造方法和由其制造的防护制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于防护衣的纤维混纺纱、用这种混纺纱制成的轻质织物、用这种混纺纱或织物制成的防护制品,以及制备该织物的方法。本发明的防护织物和制品具有舒适性与高效的抗电弧和暴燃危险的独特结合,并具有令人喜爱的外观。特别是这些织物可加工成具有类似于诸如劳动布的传统衣料织物的外观和感觉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于防护衣的纤维混纺纱、用这种混纺纱制成的轻质织物、用这种混纺纱或织物制成的防护制品,以及制备该织物的方法。
背景技术
有多种商品可用于防护电弧和暴燃。加拿大魁北克省蒙特利尔市的DIFCO Performance Fabrics,Inc.以商品名“Genesis”销售完全由包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的Nomex462型短纤维制成的深蓝色织物。Southern Mills,Inc.,Union City,GA以商品名“AtEase 950”和“Defender 950”销售同样完全由Nomex462型短纤维制成的单色云杉绿防护织物。这些织物具有良好的电弧防护性能,但通常认为它们不如传统衣料舒适,因为它们几乎完全由芳族聚酰胺纤维组成。
Southern Mills还以商品名“ComfortBlend”销售品蓝防护织物,它由35%(重量)阻燃人造短纤维和65%(重量)包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的Nomex462型短纤维的紧密掺和物制成。阻燃人造短纤维的加入提高了这种织物的舒适性,但损害了它的电弧防护性能。
Workrite Uniform Company,Oxford,CA销售一种描述成“denimjean cut pant(劳动布工作服短裤)”的服装(Style #410-NMX-85-DN)。这种服装被认为由织物经纱方向为NomexN-302型短纤维(包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维);纬纱方向为NomexT-462型短纤维(包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维)的织物制成。这种织物虽然有良好的电弧防护性能,但没有宜人的外观,而且通常都很不舒服,因为它几乎完全由芳族聚酰胺纤维组成。
众所周知,芳族聚酰胺织物比传统的衣料更难染色,而且芳族聚酰胺纤维的百分比结晶度显著影响待染色纤维的染色程度。芳族聚酰胺纤维的结晶度越高,则越难以染色。由于芳族聚酰胺纤维结晶度的差异,使赋予这种芳族聚酰胺织物普通棉制劳动布织物的外观特别困难。通过将棉纤维与间芳族聚酰胺纤维混纺而简单地加入棉并不能很好地解决这一问题。必须对棉进行化学处理,使其具有阻燃性能。这种处理在织物形式下进行,会使织物***并降低织物的柔顺性。这样就使由该织物制成的任何防护服装比未经处理的织物制成的服装更不舒服。
因此需要不仅具有良好的电弧和暴燃防护性能,而且具有接近类似劳动布织物的传统织物的外观和手感的织物。
[0009]发明内容
基于前述背景技术,本发明因而所要解决的技术问题是例如使提供的防护织物和制品具有舒适性与高效防电弧和暴燃危险的独特结合,并具有令人喜爱的外观。特别是这些织物可加工成具有类似于诸如劳动布织物的传统衣服织物的外观和感觉。
本发明涉及用于防护服装的纤维混纺纱,以及用这种纤维混纺纱制成的织物和防护制品。这种纤维混纺纱包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维、结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维,以及阻燃纤维素纤维。本发明的一个实施方案涉及由包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第一种纱和包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第二种纱制成的防护服装用织物。优选的是第一种纱和第二种纱在织物中相互横截。
本发明还涉及通过在织物中掺入包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维;着色、染色或有色的结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维;以及阻燃纤维素纤维的纤维混纺纱;然后将织物中的纤维染色来制造防护服装用织物的方法。这种制造织物的方法的一个实施方案包括在织物中掺入:
(i)包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第一种纱,和
(ii)包含着色、染色或有色的结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第二种纱,
所述第一种纱与第二种纱横截,并将织物中的纤维染色。
同样出乎意料地发现,如果在两个独立步骤中对成形后的织物染色,其中一个步骤是将阻燃纤维素纤维染色,而另一个步骤是将间芳族聚酰胺纤维染色,就能获得改进的电弧防护性能。
因此,本发明还涉及制造防护服装用织物的方法,包括:
a)在织物中掺入:
(i)包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第一种纱,和
(ii)包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第二种纱,
所述第一种纱与第二种纱横截,以及不论顺序的
b)将织物中的纤维素纤维染色,
c)将织物中的间芳族聚酰胺纤维染色。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,这种织物将具有基于每平方码的盎司数计算至少为每平方厘米1.30,更优选1.40卡路里的电弧防护额定值(根据ASTM F-1959)。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及纤维混纺纱、防护织物和这种织物的制造方法,以及用结晶的和非晶态的间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的结合制成的防护制品。这种防护织物和制品在工人对电弧和暴燃的防护中特别有用。
“纤维混纺纱”指两种或多种纤维以任何方式的结合。包括但不限于至少两种短纤维的紧密掺和物和混合物;一种纤维类型的短纤维纱与另一种纤维类型的另一种短纤维纱的简单结合;具有两种或多种掺和在纱中的纤维类型的连续多丝纱;以及一种纤维类型的连续长丝纱与另一种纤维类型的另一种连续长丝纱的简单结合。“紧密混纺纱”指两种或多种纤维在纺纱前掺和在一起。
纤维混纺纱优选由短纤维长度最多10英寸的短纤维制成。一般有50-85%(重量),优选60-75%(重量)的混纺纱由间芳族聚酰胺纤维制成。低手50%(重量)被认为不能提供足够的电弧防护性能。阻燃纤维素纤维的含量一般应该达到混纺纱的15-50%(重量),优选25-40%(重量),以保证理想的织物外观。结晶和非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的含量百分比通常基本上相同,然而实际的平衡可在任一种间芳族聚酰胺成分的1/3-2/3范围内。
本发明的纤维混纺纱包括本身阻燃的间芳族聚酰胺纤维。“芳族聚酰胺纤维”指由一种或多种芳族聚酰胺制成的一种或多种纤维,其中至少85%的酰胺(-CONH-)键与两个芳环直接连接。芳族聚酰胺通过芳族二酰基氯与芳族二胺反应,在酰胺溶剂中产生酰胺键来形成。芳族聚酰胺纤维可用任何数量的干纺或湿纺方法纺制,然而US3063966、3227793、3287324、3414645、3869430、3869429、3767756和5667743说明了可用于制备能用于本发明的芳族聚酰胺纤维的有用纺丝方法。
两种常用类型的芳族聚酰胺纤维包括(1)间芳族聚酰胺纤维,其中一种由聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)组成,也称为MPD-1,和(2)对芳族聚酰胺纤维,其中一种由聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)组成,也称为PPD-T。间芳族聚酰胺纤维目前可以多种形式从E.I.du Pont deNemours,Wilmington,Delaware以商品名Nomex商购。可商购的NomexT-450是100%的间芳族聚酰胺纤维;NomexT-455是95%的Nomex间芳族聚酰胺纤维与5%Kevlar对芳族聚酰胺纤维的短纤维混纺纱;而NomexT-462是93%的Nomex间芳族聚酰胺纤维、5%Kevlar对芳族聚酰胺纤维与2%碳芯尼龙纤维的短纤维混纺纱。NomexN302是93%纺丝厂上色的Nomex间芳族聚酰胺纤维、5%纺丝厂上色的Kevlar对芳族聚酰胺纤维与2%碳芯尼龙纤维的短纤维混纺纱。另外,间芳族聚酰胺纤维以分别由Teijin,Ltd.,Tokyo,Japan和Unitika,Ltd.,Osaka,Japan制造的商品名为Conex和Apyeil的不同类型获得。
当间芳族聚酰胺纤维从溶液中纺成纱、急冷并在低于玻璃化温度的温度下干燥,而不另外加热或化学处理时,仅形成了很低水平的结晶度,在用于本发明时称为“非晶态”间芳族聚酰胺纤维。这种纤维在用拉曼(Raman)散射技术测量纤维结晶度时,具有低于15%的百分比结晶度。在本发明中,“结晶的”间芳族聚酰胺纤维是用拉曼散射技术测量纤维结晶度时具有大于25%的百分比结晶度的纤维。本文中的NomexT-450和NomexN302中的间芳族聚酰胺纤维具有26-30%的百分比结晶度,被认为是结晶的;NomexT-462和NomexT-455中的间芳族聚酰胺纤维具有5-10%的百分比结晶度,被认为是非晶态的。
非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维可通过利用加热或化学措施结晶。结晶度水平可通过在聚合物的玻璃化温度或高于该温度的热处理来提高。这种加热一般通过使纤维在拉伸状态下与加热辊接触一段时间,以足以赋予纤维期望的结晶度水平来实施。纤维中的结晶度水平也可通过对纤维的化学处理来提高。具体而言,非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维可通过在染色载体存在下将纤维染色来结晶,该染色载体是提高结晶度的活性剂。此外,染色载体的化学作用可用于提高已经进行热处理的纤维的结晶度,从而符合本发明关于结晶的定义。
结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维与非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的混纺纱与阻燃纤维素纤维结合。阻燃纤维素短纤维由一种或多种纤维素纤维与一种或多种阻燃化合物组成。诸如人造丝、乙酸酯、三乙酸酯和lyocell的纤维素纤维是本领域公知的,纤维素纤维是衍生自纤维素的纤维的统称。这些纤维比芳族聚酰胺纤维更冷色和具有更高的回潮率,用这些纤维可制成舒适的服装。这种阻燃纤维也很容易用制备传统外观的衣料的普通染色方法染色。
尽管纤维素纤维比本身阻燃的纤维更柔软也更便宜,但它并不是天生就阻燃的。为了提高这些纤维的阻燃能力,可在纤维素纤维中掺入一种或几种阻燃剂或与阻燃剂混合。这种阻燃剂可通过将阻燃剂纺入纤维素纤维中、用阻燃剂涂覆纤维素纤维、使纤维素纤维与阻燃剂接触并纤维素纤维吸收阻燃剂,或在纤维素纤维中掺入阻燃剂或与阻燃剂混合的任何其他方法来掺入。这种阻燃剂有许多,包括例如某些磷化合物,象Sandolast 9000,目前可从Sandoz商购,某些锑化合物等。一般而言,包含一种或几种阻燃剂的纤维素纤维赋予标记“FR”,表示阻燃剂。因此,诸如FR人造丝、FR乙酸酯、FR三乙酸酯和FRlyocell的阻燃纤维素纤维可用于本发明。阻燃纤维素纤维还可以诸如芬兰的Sateri Oy提供的Visil的各种商标获得。Visil纤维在纤维素支撑结构中包含聚硅酸形式的二氧化硅,其中聚硅酸含有硅酸铝部位。制备这种阻燃纤维素纤维的方法通常公开在例如US 5417752中。另一种可用的FR人造丝从Lenzing AG以名称Viscose FR获得(也作为Lenzing Fibers of Austria提供的Lenzing FR公知)。制备这种阻燃人造丝纤维的方法通常公开在例如US 5609950中。
优选的阻燃纤维素纤维是阻燃人造丝。人造丝是本领域公知的,是各种改性纤维素溶液通过挤压或拉伸该纤维素溶液而制得的长丝的统称。制造人造丝的纤维素基底由木浆获得。
本发明的纤维混纺纱优选还含有少量对芳族聚酰胺纤维,以提高阻燃强度并降低热收缩率。对芳族聚酰胺纤维目前可以商标Kevlar从E.I.du Pont de Nemours,Wilmington,Delaware获得,以及以商标Twaron从Teijin Ltd.,Tokyo,Japan获得。为了本发明的目的,从Teijin Ltd.,Tokyo,Japan获得的、由共聚(对亚苯基/3,4’-二苯基酯对苯二甲酰胺)制成的Technora纤维被认为是对芳族聚酰胺纤维。纤维混纺纱中对芳族聚酰胺纤维的含量可高达约25%(重量),然而,优选的是对芳族聚酰胺纤维的含量低于约10%(重量)或更低。
本发明的纤维混纺纱非必需地还包含约1-5%(重量)通过US4612150(De Howitt)和US 3803453(Hull)中描述的方法照此提供的导电纤维或长丝,其中导电纤维包含了其中分散了给纤维提供抗静电导电性的炭黑或其等价物的纤维。优选的抗静电纤维是碳芯尼龙纤维。在本发明中结合抗静电纤维提供了由具有抗静电性能的混纺纱制成的织物,使该织物的静电倾向减少,从而减少外表的电场强度和讨厌的静电。
本发明的一个实施方案是包含结晶的和非晶态的间芳族聚酰胺纤维与FR纤维素纤维的纤维混纺纱的织物。该纤维混纺纱可以许多不同的方式掺入织物中。优选的织物是由纱制成的织造织物。“纱”指纺制或加捻在一起形成连续单股的纤维集合,可用于织造、针织、编织或褶边,或另外制成纺织材料或织物。这种纱可通过将短纤维纺成纱的诸如例如环锭纺纱的常用方法,或诸如用空气将短纤维加捻成纱的Murata喷气纺纱的高速空气纺纱技术制成。
将纤维混纺纱掺入织物中的一个方法是先将结晶间芳族聚酰胺、非晶态间芳族聚酰胺与FR纤维素短纤维,以及任何其他期望的短纤维混合在一起,形成紧密的纤维混纺纱,然后用常规技术形成短纤维混纺纱,例如形成短纤维纱的紧密混纺纱条,然后用诸如环锭或排气纺纱方法将纱条纺成纱。将纤维掺入织物中的一种作为选择的方法是制备包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺短纤维和FR纤维素纤维,但不包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的单股短纤维纱。然后将这种单股纱与包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺短纤维和FR纤维素纤维,但不包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维的单股短纤维纱合股。
另一种作为选择的且优选的方法是将相同类型的两根单股短纤维纱合股在一起,并在织物的经纱方向或纬纱方向中掺入这种包含FR纤维素纤维并仅含有结晶或非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的第一合股纱线。然后在与第一合股纱线横截的织物方向上采用由其他类型的间芳族聚酰胺纤维和FR纤维素纤维制成的第二合股纱线。优选的是在织物经纱方向采用包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维的合股纱线,而在织物纬纱方向采用包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的合股纱线;而且一般优选的是结晶间芳族聚酰胺合股纱比非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纬纱更细。这些方法并没有限制,也可以采用在织物中掺入短纤维的其他方法。所有这些短纤维纱都可以用其他纤维制造和包含其他纤维,只要产品性能没有被显著损害即可。
另一种在织物中掺入纤维混纺纱的方法是将连续的长丝搀和在一起形成搀和的多丝纱。又一种方法是形成一种纤维成分的单根连续多丝纱,并将该纱与其他纤维成分的单根多丝纱结合。所有这些连续长丝纱还可以包含其他类型的长丝。这些方法并没有限制,也可以采用在织物中掺入连续长丝的其他方法。
本发明织物期望的石南花外观和美感通过采用短纤维纱变得更清晰,而这些短纤维纱优选的分布是使含有结晶纤维的短纤维纱与含有非晶态纤维的短纤维纱横截。因此,在传统的织造织物中,优选的布置是经纱为结晶纤维纱而纬纱为非晶态纤维纱,或经纱为非晶态纤维纱而纬纱为结晶纤维纱。这种布置赋予了织物最令人喜爱的视觉外观。
在织造织物中,结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维可在掺入织物前上色、着色或染色。这可通过例如US 4668234、4755335、4883496和5096459中公开的将结晶和非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维都染色的方法实现。同样优选的是经纱和纬纱中都包含FR人造丝纤维。然后将该织物染色并制成服装,或作为选择地将该织物制成服装并将服装匹染。一般不需要染料助剂(也称作染料载体)来对FR纤维素纤维染色,但可用于帮助提高芳族聚酰胺纤维的染料吸液率。通过用染料载体染色织物,使结晶和非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的结晶度都得到提高。可用的染料载体包括芳基醚、苄醇或乙酰苯。染色后,通常用纤维素纤维采用的传统方法将织物进一步稳定,以避免洗涤收缩。这种方法是本领域公知的,其中一种是Sanforizing。
然而,如果在用间芳族聚酰胺纤维形成织物后染色,并在单独的步骤中将阻燃纤维素纤维染色,就会观察到意外改进的电弧防护性能。间芳族聚酰胺纤维可用上文段落中描述的方法,例如用阳离子染料染色。纤维素纤维可用传统方式,例如用活性染料染色。典型的活性染料与纤维反应产生羟基和氧键,形成不易褪色的亮色。在纤维素纤维的情况下,该键一般与羟基基团一起存在于纤维素分子上。
本发明优选的织物将具有至少1.30,更优选1.40cal/cm2的电弧防护额定值(以oz/yd2的织物单位重量计算)。电弧额定值根据ASTMF-1959测定。
本发明的织物可用于并可掺入防护服装,特别是工人可能遭受电弧或暴燃的工业应用中采用的服装。这种服装可包括外套、工作服、夹克、衬衣、裤子、袖子、围裙,以及需要防护暴燃、火焰和热的其他类型服装。
本发明一个实施方案是制备具有混色外观的织物的方法,包括在织物中掺入非晶态和结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维的混纺纱,然后将织物染色的步骤。优选的是在掺入织物前先将结晶纤维着色、染色或上色。
该优选的方法包括在与结晶间芳族聚酰胺纱横截的纱中掺入非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维。例如,在织造织物中,非晶态纱可在纬纱中,而结晶纱可在经纱中,或结晶纱在纬纱中,而非晶态纱在经纱中。
制备织物后,可用采用例如喷射染色、经轴染色或卷染染色装置的传统染色方法染色。FR人造丝纤维很容易用常规染料和方法染色,然而,如果芳族聚酰胺被染色,则优选采用染料载体。
试验方法
电弧防护额定值根据ASTM F-1959获得以测定每种织物的ArcThermal Performance Value(ATPV)(电弧热性能值),该值是这种织物的穿戴者在50%的时间内能受到的相当于二级烧伤的能量测量值。织物单位重量值根据FTMS 191A;5041获得。断裂强力值根据ASTM D-5034(对于抓样强力试验G)获得。撕破强力值根据ASTMD-5587(对于托钩撕破)获得。暴燃防护等级试验根据ASTM F-1930,用穿有试验织物制成的标准图案工作服的带测量设备热人体模型进行。
间芳族聚酰胺的百分比结晶度通过首先用良好的、基本上无孔隙的试样产生用于结晶度的线性校正曲线来测定。对于这种完好的无孔隙试样,比体积(1/密度)可与采用两相模型的结晶度直接相关。试样的密度在密度梯度柱中测量。测量通过X射线散射法确定为非结晶的间芳族聚酰胺膜,发现其具有1.3356g/cm3的平均密度。然后从X射线单元晶胞尺寸测量出完全结晶的间芳族聚酰胺试样的密度为1.4699g/cm3。这些0%和100%结晶度端点一旦建立,密度已知的任何完好(无孔隙)的试验试样的结晶度就能从以下线性关系测定:结晶度=[(1/非结晶的密度)-(1/试验密度)]/[(1/非结晶的密度)-(1/完全结晶的密度)]
由于许多纤维试样不是完全没有孔隙,因此优选用拉曼光谱学方法测定结晶度。由于拉曼测量对孔隙含量不敏感,可用1650-1cm处羰基伸展的相对强度测量任何形式的间芳族聚酰胺的结晶度,而不论其是否有孔隙。为此,用结晶度已预先测定并从上述密度测量中得知的最小孔隙试样建立起结晶度与归一化为1002cm-1处环状伸展模式的密度的1650-1cm处羰基伸展的强度之间的线性关系。以下根据密度校正曲线的百分比结晶度经验公式用Nicolet的910 FT型拉曼光谱仪得出:
%结晶度=100.0×[(I(1650cm-1)-0.2601)]/0.1247
其中I(1650cm-1)是间芳族聚酰胺试样在该点处的拉曼强度。试验试样的百分比结晶度用该强度从该公式计算。
实施例1
织物1
用标称切断长度为2英寸的短纤维的紧密混纺纱制备短纤维纱。经纱方向的纱采用含有65%(重量)NomexType N302短纤维和35%(重量)FR人造丝短纤维的短纤维混纺纱。NomexType N302是93%纺丝厂上色的Nomex(结晶)间芳族聚酰胺纤维、5%纺丝厂上色的Kevlar对芳族聚酰胺纤维和2%碳芯尼龙(抗静电)纤维的短纤维混纺纱。纬纱方向的纱采用含有65%(重量)NomexType 462短纤维和35%(重量)FR人造丝短纤维的短纤维混纺纱。NomexType 462是93%天然色Nomex(非晶态)间芳族聚酰胺纤维、5%天然色Kevlar对芳族聚酰胺纤维和2%碳芯尼龙(抗静电)纤维的短纤维混纺纱。将这些纤维混纺纱用喷气纺纱方法,随后用合股步骤转化成合股纱。最终纱的尺寸为经纱24/2cc和纬纱21/2cc。
然后用传统方法将经纱和纬纱制成具有3×1斜纹织造结构的织造织物。织造后,在染浴中将该织造织物染色,从而使织物中存在的FR人造丝纤维上色,并进一步稳定,以防止另外的洗涤收缩。此外,在织物上涂覆亲水整理剂,以便在用作服装时提供充足的液体水分吸收能力。经染色和整理的最终织物具有中等的蓝色石南花颜色,并具有8oz/yd2的标称织物单位重量。当测量时,该织物具有27×20(经纱方向×纬纱方向)磅力的抗撕裂性和170×116(经纱方向×纬纱方向)磅力的抓样强力。该织物的电弧性能试验概括于表1。
织物2
制备织物1的短纤维纱,然而,最终纱的尺寸为经纱21/2cc和纬纱14/2cc。然后用织物1的常用方式将该织物染色和处理。经染色和整理的最终织物为劳动布蓝色石南花颜色,并具有9.5oz/yd2的标称重量。当测量时,该织物具有38×23(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抗撕裂性和218×159(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抓样强力。该织物的电弧性能试验概括于表1。
织物3
象织物1那样制备短纤维纱和3×1斜纹织造织物,然而,然后将该织造织物进行染色处理,使NomexType 462短纤维中的天然色Nomex非晶态间芳族聚酰胺和FR人造丝纤维上色。用阳离子染料将间芳族聚酰胺纤维上色,用活性染料将FR人造丝纤维上色。象织物1那样将该织物进行进一步的稳定处理,以保持其在洗涤条件下足够的尺寸稳定性,并涂覆亲水整理剂。经染色和整理的织物的最终标称重量为8oz/yd2。
比较织物A
比较织物A是从加拿大魁北克省蒙特利尔市的DIFCOPerformance Fabrics,Inc.以商品名“Genesis”商购的标称7.5oz/yd2的深蓝织物。它完全由包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的NomexType462短纤维制成。当测量时,该织物具有53×23(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抗撕裂性和287×173(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抓样强力。该织物的电弧性能试验概括于表1。
比较织物B
比较织物B是从Southern Mills,Inc.,Union City,GA以商品名“ComfortBlend”商购的标称6.5oz/yd2的品蓝织物。该织物由35%(重量)阻燃人造丝短纤维与65%(重量)包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的NomexType 462短纤维的紧密混纺纱制成。当测量时,该织物具有19×10(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抗撕裂性和134×87(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抓样强力。该织物的电弧性能试验概括于表1。
比较织物C
比较织物C是用于从Workrite Uniform Company,Oxford,CA商购的、标记为Style#410-NMX-85-DN(描述成“劳动布工作短裤”)的服装的标称8.5oz/yd2的劳动布蓝织物。用于该服装的织物被认为由织物经纱方向的NomexType N302短纤维(含有结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维)和纬纱方向的NomexType 462短纤维(含有非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维)的结合制成。当测量时,该织物具有89×59(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抗撕裂性和414×253(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抓样强力。该织物的电弧性能试验公开在2002年10月的Workrite目录(第27-28页)中并在表1中再现。
比较织物D
比较织物D是从Southern Mills,Inc.,Union City,GA以商品名“AtEase 950”商购的标称9.5oz/yd2的单色云杉绿织物。该织物完全由NomexType 462短纤维制成。该织物的电弧性能试验概括于表1。
电弧试验
本发明的织物和比较织物的电弧防护性能示于表1。高电弧额定值织物是优选的防护织物。本发明的织物具有比其他含有FR人造丝的织物改进的每单位织物单位重量的电弧热性能值(ATPV),且具有比100%的芳族聚酰胺混纺纱织物改进的舒适性和外观。
表1
织物 | 1 | 2 | A | B | C | D |
经纱组分 | 65%/35%CFB/R | 65%/35%CFB/R | 100%AFB | 65%/35%AFB/R | 100%CFB | 100%AFB |
纬纱组分 | 65%/35%AFB/R | 65%/35%AFB/R | 100%AFB | 65%/35%AFB/R | 100%AFB | 100%AFB |
标称织物单位重量oz/yd<sup>2</sup> | 8.0 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 9.5 |
实际织物单位重量oz/yd<sup>2</sup> | 8.5 | 10.2 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 9.2 | 10.5 |
电弧额定值(ATPV)cal/cm<sup>2</sup> | 9.1 | 13.1 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 14.1 | 9.7 |
每单位织物单位重量的电弧额定值(cal/cm<sup>2</sup>)/(oz/yd<sup>2</sup>) | 1.07 | 1.28 | 0.94 | 0.84 | 1.53 | 0.92 |
R-阻燃人造丝
实施例2
试验织物1、2和3以及比较织物A和C,获得它们的暴燃防护性能。将这些织物制成标准图案工作服,然后在带有测量设备的热人体模型上试验前先清洗一次。试验用2cal/(cm2-s)的热通量进行,并在工作服下衬以棉制内衣。结果是至少3次重复试验的平均值。该试验的结果示于表2。优选的是较低的总体身体烧伤率百分比。如表2所示,添加FR人造丝后更吸引人和更舒适的间芳族聚酰胺织物在用于暴燃的防护服中同样表现出色。
表2
织物 | 1 | 2 | 3 | A | C |
经纱组分 | 65%/35%CFB/R | 65%/35%CFB/R | 65%/35%CFB/R | 100%AFB | 100%CFB |
纬纱组分 | 65%/35%AFB/R | 65%/35%AFB/R | 65%/35%AFB/R | 100%AFB | 100%AFB |
标称织物单位重量oz/yd<sup>2</sup> | 8.0 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 8.5 |
预计的身体烧伤总百分比 | |||||
3.0秒后 | 10.0 | 8.3 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 13.3 |
4.0秒后 | 24.3 | 20.8 | 35.3 | 44.3 | 41.3 |
5.0秒后 | 48.0 | 47.8 | 54.3 | 57.7 | 56.3 |
R-阻燃人造丝
实施例3
本实施例说明了由用标称切断长度2英寸的短纤维的紧密混纺纱制成的经纱方向和纬纱方向的短纤维纱形成的本发明的织造织物。经纱方向的纱采用含有65%(重量)NomexType N302短纤维和35%(重量)FR人造丝短纤维的短纤维混纺纱。NomexType N302是93%纺丝厂上色的Nomex(结晶)间芳族聚酰胺纤维、5%纺丝厂上色的Kevlar对芳族聚酰胺纤维和2%碳芯尼龙(抗静电)纤维的短纤维混纺纱。纬纱方向的纱采用含有65%(重量)NomexType 462短纤维和35%(重量)FR人造丝短纤维的短纤维混纺纱。NomexType 462是93%天然色Nomex(非晶态)间芳族聚酰胺纤维、5%天然色Kevlar对芳族聚酰胺纤维和2%碳芯尼龙(抗静电)纤维的短纤维混纺纱。将这些纤维混纺纱用喷气纺纱方法,随后用合股步骤转化成合股纱。最终纱的尺寸为经纱24/2cc和纬纱21/2cc。
然后用传统方法将经纱和纬纱制成具有3×1斜纹织造结构的织造织物。织造后,将该织造织物染色;通过在包含对该纤维有亲合力的染料的分开的染浴中将该织物依次染色,将NomexType 462短纤维中的天然色Nomex非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维和FR人造丝纤维都染色。用阳离子染料将间芳族聚酰胺纤维染色,用活性染料将FR人造丝纤维染色。将该织物进一步稳定,以防止另外的洗涤收缩。此外,在织物上涂覆亲水整理剂,以便在用作服装时提供充足的液体水分吸收能力。经染色和整理的最终织物具有深海军蓝颜色,并具有8oz/yd2的标称织物单位重量。标记为织物3-1、3-2和3-3(以及比较织物)的该织物的3个试样的电弧性能试验概括于表3。
比较织物AA
比较织物A是从加拿大魁北克省蒙特利尔市的DIFCOPerformance Fabrics,Inc.以商品名“Genesis”商购的标称7.5oz/yd2的深蓝织物。它完全由包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的NomexType462短纤维制成。当测量时,该织物具有53×23(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抗撕裂性和287×173(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抓样强力。
比较织物BB
比较织物B是从Southern Mills,Inc.,Union City,GA以商品名“ComfortBlend”商购的标称6.5oz/yd2的品蓝织物。该织物由35%(重量)阻燃人造丝短纤维与65%(重量)包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的NomexType 462短纤维的紧密混纺纱制成。当测量时,该织物具有19×10(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抗撕裂性和134×87(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抓样强力。
比较织物CC
比较织物C是用于从Workrite Uniform Company,Oxford,CA商购的、标记为Style#410-NMX-85-DN(描述成“劳动布工作短裤”)的服装的标称8.5oz/yd2的劳动布蓝织物。用于该服装的织物被认为由织物经纱方向的NomexType N302短纤维(含有结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维)和纬纱方向的NomexType 462短纤维(含有非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维)的结合制成。当测量时,该织物具有89×59(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抗撕裂性和414×253(经纱×纬纱)磅力的抓样强力。该织物的电弧性能试验公开在2002年10月的Workrite目录(第27-28页)中并在表3中再现。
比较织物DD
比较织物D是从Southern Mills,Inc.,Union City,GA以商品名“AtEase 950”商购的标称9.5oz/yd2的单色云杉绿织物。该织物完全由NomexType 462短纤维制成。
表3
织物 | 3-1 | 3-2 | 3-3 | AA | BB | CC | DD |
经纱组分 | 65%/35%CFB/R | 65%/35%CFB/R | 65%/35%CFB/R | 100%AFB | 65%/35%AFB/R | 100%CFB | 100%AFB |
纬纱组分 | 65%/35%AFB/R | 65%/35%AFB/R | 65%/35%AFB/R | 100%AFB | 65%/35%AFB/R | 100%AFB | 100%AFB |
标称织物单位重量oz/yd<sup>2</sup> | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 9.5 |
实际织物单位重量oz/yd<sup>2</sup> | 8.1 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 9.2 | 10.5 |
电弧额定值(ATPV)(cal/cm<sup>2</sup>) | 12.0 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 14.1 | 9.7 |
每单位织物单位重量的电弧额定值(cal/cm<sup>2</sup>)/(oz/yd<sup>2</sup>) | 1.48 | 1.31 | 1.14 | 0.94 | 0.84 | 1.53 | 0.92 |
R-阻燃人造丝
Claims (14)
1.用于防护服的织物,包含:
(i)包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第一种纱,其中所述非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维表示这种纤维在用拉曼散射技术测量纤维结晶度时,具有低于15%的百分比结晶度,和
(ii)包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第二种纱,其中所述结晶的间芳族聚酰胺纤维是用拉曼散射技术测量纤维结晶度时具有大于25%的百分比结晶度的纤维;
且有50-85重量%的混纺纱由间芳族聚酰胺纤维制成。
2.权利要求1的织物,还包含对芳族聚酰胺纤维。
3.权利要求1的织物,还包含抗静电纤维。
4.权利要求1的织物,其中包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维的纱被着色、染色或上色。
5.权利要求1的织物,其中包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的纱被染色。
6.权利要求1的织物,其中包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的纱与包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维的纱横截。
7.权利要求6的织物,其中包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维的纱被着色、染色或上色。
8.权利要求6的织物,其中包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维的纱被染色。
9.包含权利要求6的织物的防护制品。
10.制造防护服装用织物的方法,包括:
a)在织物中掺入:
(i)包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第一种纱,其中所述非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维表示这种纤维在用拉曼散射技术测量纤维结晶度时,具有低于15%的百分比结晶度,和
(ii)包含被着色、染色或上色的结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第二种纱,其中所述结晶的间芳族聚酰胺纤维是用拉曼散射技术测量纤维结晶度时具有大于25%的百分比结晶度的纤维,
且有50-85重量%的混纺纱由间芳族聚酰胺纤维制成,
所述第一种纱与第二种纱横截,和
b)将织物中的纤维素纤维染色。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中在步骤a)之后并且与步骤b)分开的步骤中,间芳族聚酰胺纤维也被染色。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中在染色中采用染料助剂。
13.制造防护服装用织物的方法,包括:
a)在织物中掺入:
(i)包含非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第一种纱,其中所述非晶态间芳族聚酰胺纤维表示这种纤维在用拉曼散射技术测量纤维结晶度时,具有低于15%的百分比结晶度,和
(ii)包含结晶间芳族聚酰胺纤维和阻燃纤维素纤维的第二种纱,其中所述结晶的间芳族聚酰胺纤维是用拉曼散射技术测量纤维结晶度时具有大于25%的百分比结晶度的纤维,
且有50-85重量%的混纺纱由间芳族聚酰胺纤维制成,
所述第一种纱与第二种纱横截,且顺序不限地,
b)将织物中的纤维素纤维染色,
c)将织物中的间芳族聚酰胺纤维染色。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中纤维素纤维用活性染料染色,而间芳族聚酰胺纤维用阳离子染料染色。
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US10/635,189 US20050032449A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2003-08-06 | Lightweight protective apparel |
US10/635,189 | 2003-08-06 | ||
PCT/US2004/025227 WO2005017244A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-04 | Lightweight protective apparel |
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CN1829832A CN1829832A (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
CN1829832B true CN1829832B (zh) | 2010-09-29 |
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CN2004800221333A Expired - Fee Related CN1829832B (zh) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-04 | 用于防护服的织物,其制造方法和由其制造的防护制品 |
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US (2) | US20050032449A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1651805B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4564009B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101102767B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1829832B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0412632A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2533645C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE602004009455T2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA06001361A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005017244A1 (zh) |
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- 2004-08-04 KR KR1020067002369A patent/KR101102767B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-08-04 MX MXPA06001361A patent/MXPA06001361A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-08-04 EP EP20040780120 patent/EP1651805B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-04 DE DE200460009455 patent/DE602004009455T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-04 WO PCT/US2004/025227 patent/WO2005017244A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-08-04 JP JP2006522703A patent/JP4564009B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-04 CA CA 2533645 patent/CA2533645C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-04 DE DE200460026930 patent/DE602004026930D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-04 EP EP20060020062 patent/EP1754812B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-04 BR BRPI0412632 patent/BRPI0412632A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0412632A (pt) | 2006-09-26 |
EP1651805B1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
DE602004009455T2 (de) | 2008-07-24 |
US20050277353A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
CA2533645A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
US7156883B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 |
JP4564009B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 |
EP1651805A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
MXPA06001361A (es) | 2006-05-04 |
DE602004009455D1 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
JP2007501341A (ja) | 2007-01-25 |
CN1829832A (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
CA2533645C (en) | 2012-05-22 |
EP1754812B1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
DE602004026930D1 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
KR101102767B1 (ko) | 2012-01-03 |
EP1754812A2 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
KR20060059999A (ko) | 2006-06-02 |
EP1754812A3 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
US20050032449A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
WO2005017244A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
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