CN1820297A - 显示装置 - Google Patents

显示装置 Download PDF

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CN1820297A
CN1820297A CNA2004800195292A CN200480019529A CN1820297A CN 1820297 A CN1820297 A CN 1820297A CN A2004800195292 A CNA2004800195292 A CN A2004800195292A CN 200480019529 A CN200480019529 A CN 200480019529A CN 1820297 A CN1820297 A CN 1820297A
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circuit
data conductor
input
current
driving circuit
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CN100530312C (zh
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A·塞佩
P·J·斯尼德
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3216Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using a passive matrix
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    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
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    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3275Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G09G3/3283Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data current for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0233Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0693Calibration of display systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3685Details of drivers for data electrodes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

一种显示装置,其具有一个显示元件(2)的阵列,其中由提供在数据导线(6)上的输入来驱动每个显示元件(2)。由具有多个可控驱动电路(32,34,40)的数据导线寻址电路(9)来产生这些输入,其中每个可控驱动电路为相关数据导线提供输入。可控驱动电路的数量比为所有数据导线提供数据所需的数量至少多一个。使用一个参考驱动电路(30)来校准至少其中一个可控驱动电路,同时其它可控驱动电路为数据导线提供输入。这样,通过使用参考驱动电路校准驱动电路,可以减小驱动电路的扩散。

Description

显示装置
本发明涉及显示装置,具体(但并非仅仅)涉及电流寻址显示装置,例如电致发光显示装置。
采用电致发光、发光显示元件的矩阵显示装置是众所周知的。显示元件可包括例如使用聚合物材料的有机薄膜电致发光元件,或使用传统III-V半导体混合物的发光二极管(LED)。对有机电致发光材料、特别是对聚合物材料的最新研究表明,它们实际上可用于视频显示装置。这些材料通常包括夹在一对电极之间的一层或多层半导体共轭聚合物,其中一个电极是透明的,另一电极为适于将空穴或电子注入聚合物层中的材料。
可使用CVD工艺来制造聚合物材料,或者可简单地通过旋涂技术来制造聚合物材料,其中使用可溶共轭聚合物的溶液。还可以使用喷墨印刷来制造聚合物材料。有机电致发光材料展现出类似二极管的I-V特性,从而它们能同时具有显示功能和开关功能,并且可用在无源型显示器中。或者,这些材料可用于有源矩阵显示装置,其中每个像素包括显示元件和开关装置,其中该开关装置用于控制流过该显示元件的电流。
这类显示装置具有电流驱动显示元件,从而常规的模拟驱动方案包括向显示元件提供可控电流。已经知道,可以提供一个电流源晶体管以作为像素结构的一部分,其中由提供给电流源晶体管的栅极电压来决定通过显示元件的电流。在寻址阶段之后,存储电容保持该栅极电压。
图1表示一种用于有源矩阵寻址的电致发光显示装置的已知像素电路。该显示装置包括一个具有规则间隔的像素(用方块1表示)的行和列矩阵阵列的面板,像素被设置在相交的各组行(选择)与列(数据)寻址导线4与6之间的交点处,并且包括电致发光显示元件2和相关的开关装置。为了简单起见,该附图中仅表示出几个像素。实际上,可以具有数百行和数百列像素。由包括连接到各组导线的端部的行(扫描)驱动电路8和列(数据)驱动电路9的***驱动电路通过行和列寻址导线组来寻址像素1。
电致发光显示元件2包括一个有机发光二极管(其在此处被表示为二极管元件(LED))并且包括一对电极,在该对电极之间夹有一层或多层有机电致发光材料。所述显示元件阵列与相关的有源矩阵电路一起被设置在绝缘基板的一侧。显示元件的阴极或阳极可由透明导电材料形成。在向后发光结构中,基板是透明材料,比如玻璃,显示元件2的最靠近基板的电极可由诸如ITO的透明导电材料组成,从而电致发光层产生的光透过这些电极和基板,从而可由处于基板另一侧的观察者看到。不需要透明基板的向上发光结构也是已知的。
显示元件被集成到一个有源矩阵中,从而每个显示元件具有相关的开关电路,该开关电路可向显示元件提供驱动电流,从而在比行寻址周期长得多的周期内保持其光输出。因此,例如在各个行寻址周期中,每个场周期为每个显示元件电路加载模拟(显示数据)驱动信号一次,该驱动信号被存储并且是有效的,以便直到有关的显示元件行被下一次寻址为止,在一个场周期内都能保持所需的驱动电流流过该显示元件。
EP-A-0717446中描述了这种有源矩阵寻址电致发光显示装置的一个例子。在EP-A-0717446中,每个开关电路包括两个TFT(薄膜晶体管)和一个存储电容。显示元件的阳极与驱动TFT的漏极相连,寻址TFT与驱动TFT的栅极相连,驱动TFT的栅极还与存储电容的一侧相连。在行寻址周期期间,利用行选择(选通)信号将寻址TFT导通,并将驱动(数据)信号通过该TFT传送给电容。
在去除选择信号之后,寻址TFT关断,被存储在电容上并且构成驱动TFT栅极电压的电压负责对驱动TFT进行操作,驱动TFT被安排成将电流提供给显示元件。寻址TFT的栅极与同一行中所有显示元件共有的栅极线(行导线)相连,寻址TFT的源极与同一列中所有显示元件共有的源极线(列数据导线)相连。
通过这种电压寻址结构,由施加给第二TFT的栅极的电压决定发光二极管显示元件的驱动电流。因此,该电流在很大程度上依赖于该TFT的性质。TFT的阈值电压、迁移率和尺寸的改变,都将使显示元件电流产生所不希望的改变,从而导致其光输出发生不希望的改变。由于例如制造工艺导致的与阵列区域上的显示元件或者不同阵列之间的显示元件有关的驱动TFT中的这种改变,导致显示元件的光输出不均匀。
为了解决这一问题,WO 99/65012披露了一种像素电路,其中每个开关电路包括一个电流镜电路,其用于采样和存储电流驱动信号,并将采样的驱动信号施加给相同的像素驱动晶体管。该电路通过确保驱动显示元件的电流不受提供电流的各晶体管性质改变的影响来改善光输出的均匀性。当电流采样晶体管与像素驱动晶体管被形成在基板的相邻区域上时,假设它们相匹配,从而基板的该区域上的改变可忽略不计。
WO 99/60511中披露了另一种电流镜电路,其中不需要电流采样晶体管与驱动晶体管相匹配。在该电路中实现一个电流镜电路,其中使用相同晶体管感应并且随后产生显示元件所需的驱动电流。这样就能够补偿晶体管性质的所有改变。
在这两种电路中,输入电流被采样并被转换成栅极电压,并且存储该栅极电压。输入电流由构成图1中的列驱动电路9的一部分的电流源电路产生。为每列设置一个电流源电路,从而同时进行寻址。这些电流寻址显示结构存在电流源输出特性的匹配问题。为了获得良好的像素亮度均匀性,需要良好的电流匹配。随着列数的增加,这一点变得越来越重要。对于有源矩阵显示器来说,优选的技术(低温多晶硅或非晶硅)无助于制造均匀的电流源电路。
对于电压寻址的显示装置而言,列驱动电路内的各个列驱动电路的匹配也是一个问题。
根据本发明,提供了一种显示装置,包括:
一个显示元件矩阵,其中通过被提供在数据导线上的输入来驱动每个显示元件;和
一个数据导线寻址电路,用于根据输入数据产生所述输入,
其中该数据导线寻址电路包括:
多个可控驱动电路,每个可控驱动电路为相关数据导线提供输入,其中可控驱动电路的数量比为所有数据导线提供数据所需的数量至少多一个;和
一个参考驱动电路,其中该参考驱动电路用于校准至少其中一个可控驱动电路,同时其它可控驱动电路为数据导线提供输入。
本发明通过使用参考驱动电路来校准驱动电路,从而减小驱动电路输出的扩散。
该装置可包括一个电流寻址显示元件的矩阵阵列,其中通过输入电流来驱动每个显示元件,从而所述驱动电路可包括为相关数据导线提供输入电流的电流源电路。所述参考驱动电路包括一个参考电流源。在此情形中,本发明用于减小电流源电路输出的扩散。
为所有数据导线提供输入所需的驱动电路的数量等于数据导线的数量。换言之,每个数据导线有一个驱动电路,并且还具有至少一个附加的驱动电路,从而可校准一个驱动电路,同时使用其它驱动电路。
或者,为所有数据导线提供输入所需的驱动电路的数量可以等于数据导线数量的一个分数。在此情形中,每个驱动电路按照多路复用方式为一组数据导线提供输入。
作为另一种选择,当驱动电路是电流源电路时,为所有数据导线提供电流所需的电流源电路的数量可以等于数据导线数量的一个倍数。在此情形中,可以通过若干较小的电流源电路的输出的总和来为每个数据导线提供电流。这样做的优点是使输出平均。
特别地,可从更大的组中选择所述数量的较小的电流源电路,并且在不同时间根据从该组中的不同选择来形成所述数量的较小的电流源电路。这样就实现平均操作。
从而可以看到,本发明可以采用多种驱动方案,在所用寻址方案所需的驱动电路元件数量之外,必须需要至少一个附加的驱动电路元件,从而可以校准至少一个驱动电路元件,同时其它驱动电路元件实现所述寻址方案。
被校准的驱动电路(或多个驱动电路)优选地按照递增顺序或其它顺序旋转。
本发明可应用于有源矩阵或无源寻址电致发光显示装置,在此情形中,驱动电路为电流源电路。
不过,显示器可包括一个电压寻址显示元件(例如LCD显示元件)的矩阵阵列,其中每个显示元件通过输入电压来驱动。在此情形中,驱动电路包括为相关数据导线提供输入电压的可控电压源电路,并且参考驱动电路包括参考电压源。本发明可用于有源矩阵或无源矩阵LCD显示器。
因此可以看到,本发明可应用于多种不同的显示装置类型以及不同的寻址方案,在每种情况下,都能减小由列驱动电路为不同列产生的输入信号之间的不均匀性。
本发明还提供一种在数据寻址周期期间为显示装置的数据导线提供驱动信号的方法,该显示装置包括一个显示元件阵列,该方法包括:
响应于输入数据,使用选自一定数量的可控驱动电路中的多个可控驱动电路来产生将被提供给数据导线的输入,其中所述可控驱动电路的数量比为所有数据导线提供输入所需的驱动电路数量至少多一个;
同时,使用一个参考驱动电路来校准剩余的至少另一个可控驱动电路,
其中在不同的数据寻址周期期间校准不同的驱动电路。
现在将参照附图通过例子来描述根据本发明的显示装置的实施例,其中:
图1表示一种传统的有源矩阵LED显示器;
图2表示对于图1中所示的电流寻址LED显示器如何产生电流;
图3用来解释本发明的校准方法;
图4用来更详细地解释本发明的校准方法;和
图5用来解释本发明如何组合平均方法与校准方法。
附图仅是示意性的,并未依照比例绘出。在附图中使用相同的附图标记表示相同或相似部件。
图2用来解释驱动电流寻址矩阵显示器的一种传统方法。信号处理器20提供用于控制行驱动电路8的行寻址信号,以及用于列驱动电路9的列数据和定时信号。
列驱动电路9具有一个串行-并行移位寄存器22,该移位寄存器22装载有包含像素灰度级信息的列数据。该数据可以是振幅调制和/或脉宽调制信息。
在锁存到锁存电路24中之后,数据信号a1-a4控制电流源电路26,所述电流源电路26激活该矩阵显示器的像素。为了简单起见仅表示出四列。由数据信号a1控制电流值l1,以便驱动显示器的列c1。由行选择信号来驱动行驱动电路8,以便控制行选择。
在像素编程阶段期间,对在列c1上提供的电流进行采样,并且在场周期的其余时间期间使用采样的电流来驱动像素。已知有多种不同的电流采样像素结构,在本申请中不再对这些像素结构进行详细讨论。
在实际情况下,电流源l1-l4表现出扩散。这可能源于晶体管阈值电压失配、迁移率扩散、设计误差和导线上的寄生电压降。
结果,通过线a1-a4上的相等的数据信息,列c1-c4处可得到的输出电流表现出扩散,这会限制显示器的像素亮度均匀性。目前,工艺局限性导致最小电流扩散为大约1%。由于OLED显示器的光输出线性地依赖于电流电平,所以像素亮度扩散为大约1%。
为了使像素亮度匹配改善例如0.2%,显然电流匹配也必须为0.2%。目前,在不具有复杂的微调或自动调节控制的标准IC技术中不能实现这一点。此外,如果将不同芯片的电流驱动器组合以驱动大显示器,则芯片-芯片匹配也必须在0.2%以内,这也不易于实现。
电流匹配问题影响无源以及有源矩阵显示器。在无源驱动显示器中,使用电流来直接激活显示像素,而在有源驱动显示器中,使用电流来控制局部像素电子装置。在后一种情形中,像素电路通常使用具有弱匹配属性的晶体管技术,如低温多晶硅或非晶硅。在相同技术中具有电流源电路26是有利的,从而列驱动电路(或其一部分)可以与显示像素阵列一起集成到相同基板上。由此,可以相当大地减少与输入信号处理器20的互连的数量。
从而,电流源l1-l4的电流匹配较差,导致像素均匀性较差,并在显示器中造成亮/暗列。
图3用来解释本发明,其中通过校准电流源来改善均匀性。
在本发明的一种优选用途中,本发明可应用于具有电流寻址显示元件矩阵的任何显示装置,其中从多个可控电流源电路为矩阵提供输入电流。因此,本发明需要配备有至少一个附加的电流源,并且使用一个参考电流源来校准至少其中一个可控电流源,同时其它可控电流源为矩阵提供电流。因此,通过使用单个参考电流源校准电流源电路(或每个驱动芯片一个单个参考电流源),可以减小电流源输出的扩散。
在图3中,提供一个恒定参考电流源30(lref)作为主电流。为了简单起见,图3考虑仅有一个输出lout的简化情形。提供两个可控电流源电路32、34,其中每个电流源电路包括一个开关块35,该开关块能够将输出有选择地与恒流源30或输出端相连。每个开关块具有一个来自开关控制电路36的控制输入端。
在第一时间周期期间,调节第一电流源32(lcal),以便抽取出与参考电流源30完全相等的电流(lref)。可将电流源32、34实现为开关电流镜电路,以便能进行校准。
在此期间,电流源34提供输出电流(lout)以便激活单一列中的像素。
在第二时间周期内,将两个电流源互换,在校准电流源34的同时,电流源32提供输出电流。这可以通过控制开关块35来实现。由于使用参考电流源30来校准该电流源32,所以输出电流是精确的。
在相继的寻址周期期间,互换校准和驱动操作。由此,规则地更新输出电流,并将输出电流校准到参考电流源30。
可以扩展这一方案,从而每个电流源具有一个相关的校准电流源。这一方案需要附加数量的电流源,其中该附加数量与矩阵的常规寻址所需的数量相应,以避免存在没有电流源可用于提供输出电流的时间周期。
当使用校准旋转来校准大量电流源时,如图4中所示,可减小开销。
电流源32,34,40...分别与一个开关块35相关。用于第一电流源32的开关块35a使输出可以与参考电流源30或与总线42相连,总线42经过所有其它开关块的开关块35。因此,电流源32或者被校准,或者替代其它电流源中的一个。
用于每一个其它电流源34,40,...的开关块35使输出可以与参考电流源或者与输出开关相连。因此,这些开关块中的每一个具有两个开关50、52。输出开关52将电流源输出与列相耦合,或者将来自总线42的第一电流源32的输出与列相耦合。
在第一时间周期期间,校准第一电流源电路32。在该周期之后,在某一时刻可使用该电流源32暂时替代其它电流源34,40,...,同时这些其它电流源中的每一个相继地通过参考电流源30被校准。
通过使用平均技术可强化本发明,如图5中所示。
一定数量的小电流源60被并联互连成一个更大的电流源,以便提供输出电流lout。按照两种方法进行平均。第一,通过将一定数量的电流源相组合来实现平均。第二,通过顺序地旋转这些电流源,在该旋转所涉及到的所有电流源上实现平均。
例如,在第一周期期间,将电流源l1、l2、l3和l4组合,以便提供输出电流lout。在第二周期期间,将电流源l1、l2、l3、l5相组合。在第三周期期间,将电流源l1、l2、l3、l6相组合,等等。由此,可以扫描所有组合。在该时间周期,可使用未被使用的电流源形成其它组合,以便提供其它输出电流。由此,不需要“额外的”电流源。
如上所述,使用一个附加电流源顺序地对这些电流源60中的每一个进行校准。
在不同驱动芯片的电流源上实施这种开关互换操作也是有利的,以便减小芯片-芯片扩散。利用这一概念的另一种方法是为每个芯片提供一个相关的参考电流源,以便规则地互换每个芯片的参考电流源。
本发明可用于无源和有源驱动的矩阵显示器中,并且补偿驱动器的较差的初始晶体管匹配。此外,场致发光显示驱动器可以有利地使用这一概念来减小驱动器失配,并且改善显示均匀性。本发明完全在电学领域内改善电流源的匹配。
尽管具体参照有机电致发光显示元件描述了上述实施例,但是可以知道,可以使用包括电致发光材料的其它种类的电致发光显示元件,其中将电流通过其中以便产生光输出。
在上面的例子中,参考电流源被描述成是“恒定的”。不过,参考电流源也可以随时间被调制,例如响应于传感器或用户输入来控制总显示亮度。
在上面的详细例子中,本发明用在电流寻址显示器中。不过,本发明也可以用在电压寻址显示器内,比如液晶显示器。在此情形中,列寻址电路包括用于每列的电压驱动电路,从而本发明可顺序地对用于每列的电压驱动电路进行校准。
从而,本发明可应用于无源矩阵或有源矩阵EL显示器,以及无源矩阵或有源矩阵LCD显示器。
所述显示装置可以是单色或多色显示装置。
通过阅读本公开,本领域技术人员显然可想到其它修改。这些修改可涉及矩阵电致发光显示器领域中已知的其它特征及其部件,并且可替代此处所述的特征或者作为除此处所述特征之外的特征来使用。

Claims (17)

1、一种显示装置,包括:
一个显示元件(2)的矩阵,由在数据导线(6)上提供的输入来驱动每个显示元件(2);和
数据导线寻址电路(9),用于响应于所述输入数据来产生所述输入,
其中该数据导线寻址电路(9)包括:
多个可控驱动电路(32,34,40),每个可控驱动电路用于为相关数据导线(6)提供输入,其中所述可控驱动电路的数量比为所有数据导线(6)提供数据所需的可控驱动电路的数量至少多一个;和
一个参考驱动电路(30),其中该参考驱动电路(30)用于校准至少其中一个可控驱动嗲路,同时其它可控驱动电路为所述数据导线提供输入。
2、如权利要求1所述的装置,包括一个电流寻址显示元件(2)的矩阵阵列,通过输入电流来驱动每个显示元件(2),其中所述驱动电路(32,34,40)包括为相关数据导线(6)提供输入电流的电流源电路,并且所述参考驱动电路(30)包括一个参考电流源。
3、如权利要求2所述的装置,其中每个显示元件配备有一个相关的开关电路,用于采样输入电流以及随后将采样的输入电流提供给显示元件(2)。
4、如权利要求3所述的装置,包括一个有源矩阵电致发光显示装置。
5、如权利要求1所述的装置,包括一个电压寻址显示元件的矩阵阵列,通过输入电压来驱动每个显示元件,其中所述驱动电路包括为相关数据导线提供输入电压的电压源电路,并且所述参考驱动电路包括一个参考电压源。
6、如前面任一权利要求所述的装置,其中为所有数据导线提供输入所需的驱动电路(32,34,40)的数量等于数据导线的数量。
7、如权利要求1至5中的任何一个所述的装置,其中为所有数据导线提供输入所需的驱动电路(32,34,40)的数量等于数据导线数量的一个分数,其中每个驱动电路按照多路复用方式为一组数据导线提供输入。
8、如权利要求2、3或4所述的装置,其中为所有数据导线(6)提供电流所需的电流源电路(60)的数量等于数据导线数量的一个倍数,其中由所述倍数数量的电流源电路(60)为每个数据导线提供电流。
9、如权利要求8所述的装置,其中为相关的数据导线提供电流的所述倍数数量电流源电路(60)选自具有更大数量的电流源电路的一组(11-18),并且在不同时刻由来自该组的不同选择构成所述倍数数量。
10、如前面任一权利要求所述的装置,其中所述参考驱动电路(30)用于顺序地校准每个可控驱动电路,其中未被校准的可控驱动电路共同为所有数据导线提供输入。
11、一种在数据寻址周期期间为显示装置的数据导线(6)提供驱动信号的方法,该显示装置包括一个显示元件(2)的阵列,该方法包括:
响应于输入数据,使用选自一定数量的可控驱动电路中的多个可控驱动电路(32,34,40)来产生将要提供给数据导线的输入,所述可控驱动电路的数量比为所有数据导线(6)提供输入所需的数量至少多一个;
同时,使用一个参考驱动电路(30)来校准其余的至少另一个可控驱动电路(32,34,40),
其中在不同的数据寻址周期期间校准一个或多个不同驱动电路。
12、如权利要求11所述的为数据导线提供电流驱动信号的方法,该显示装置包括一个电流寻址显示元件(2)的阵列,所述可控驱动电路(32,34,40)包括可控电流源电路,并且所述参考驱动电路(30)包括一个参考电流源,其中该方法包括响应于所述输入数据来产生输入电流。
13、如权利要求11或12所述的方法,其中使用一个驱动电路来为每个数据导线提供输入。
14、如权利要求11或12所述的方法,其中使用一个驱动电路以多路复用方式为一组数据导线提供输入。
15、如权利要求12所述的方法,其中使用多个电流源电路(60)来为每个数据导线提供输入电流。
16、如权利要求15所述的方法,其中为每个数据导线提供输入电流的多个电流源电路(60)选自具有更大数量的电流源电路的一组,并且在不同时刻由来自该组的不同选择形成所述多个电流源电路。
17、如权利要求11至16中的任何一个所述的方法,其中使用所述参考驱动电路来顺序校准每个可控驱动电路,其中未被校准的可控驱动电路共同为所有数据导线提供输入。
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US7872626B2 (en) 2011-01-18
TW200511179A (en) 2005-03-16
EP1646996A1 (en) 2006-04-19
GB0315929D0 (en) 2003-08-13
KR20060038438A (ko) 2006-05-03
WO2005004098A1 (en) 2005-01-13

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