CN1806275A - 多层图形用户界面 - Google Patents

多层图形用户界面 Download PDF

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CN1806275A
CN1806275A CNA2004800164631A CN200480016463A CN1806275A CN 1806275 A CN1806275 A CN 1806275A CN A2004800164631 A CNA2004800164631 A CN A2004800164631A CN 200480016463 A CN200480016463 A CN 200480016463A CN 1806275 A CN1806275 A CN 1806275A
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user interface
objects
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user
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CN100538811C (zh
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C·马克建
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Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/0486—Drag-and-drop
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/04817—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance using icons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)

Abstract

一种多层图形用户界面在至少两层诸如窗口等公共显示空间中提供多种类型的信息。在一个实现中，共享的网络文件夹包括两层显示对象，以分别表示该文件夹中所包含的文件和与其共享该文件夹的用户。第一层或顶层可用常规的单词、图标或其它符号来表示文件。第二层或较低层可用相对于顶层而言暗色的、模糊的或者不突出的单词、图标或其它符号来表示与其共享该文件夹的用户。

Description

多层图形用户界面
发明领域
本发明涉及图形用户界面，尤其涉及在共享显示区域的不同层中呈现不同类型的信息的图形用户界面。
发明背景和概述
许多计算机图形用户界面是基于创建模拟书桌上的工作的图形环境的桌面隐喻。这些图形用户界面通常使用桌面内的窗口操作环境。窗口操作环境向用户呈现称为窗口的特别描绘的屏幕区域，其中每一个都专属于特定的应用程序、文件、文档或文件组(例如，文件夹)。
图1是包含诸如文档文件、相片文件等多个计算机文件14的计算机网络文件夹12的现有技术图形用户界面10的图示。可以认识到，图1中的计算机文件14实际上是表示或指定文件的图标，但在本领域的术语中，表示对象的图标或其它符号被视为这些对象本身。用户界面10被呈现在例如用户计算机的显示屏上。
计算机网络文件夹12表示在其中存储了计算机文件14的计算机或网络空间。在最早的个人计算机中，其中存储了一组计算机文件的文件夹仅专属于一台计算机，并仅可从该计算机访问。随着计算机的联网，诸如计算机网络文件夹12等文件夹可由许多用户从网络上的许多不同的计算机访问。
在计算机网络中，例如，一些网络文件夹可能被公开地共享并且实际上可由该网络上的任何用户访问，而其它文件夹可能具有仅限于指定用户的访问或共享。具有有限访问或共享的文件夹通常包含并非所有网络用户都需要的敏感或私有信息。
在现有技术的图形用户界面10中，计算机文件14以相同的方式被显示在计算机网络文件夹12中，而不论网络文件夹12是被广泛共享、在有限基础上共享、还是完全私有。单层的信息，即计算机文件14被呈现以标识文件夹12的内容。单层化的表示不指示诸如文件夹中的文件共享的程度等任何其它信息或属性，即使此类属性对于用户如何处理文件夹内容而言非常重要。
结果，如网络文件夹或“共享文件夹”等共享的计算机空间的当前实现可能给严重破坏网络安全带来可乘之便。当用户创建诸如文件夹14等共享的网络空间时，他们并不总是维护访问权限(即，共享的访问)，因此有时该空间的共享状态可能会被遗忘。结果，敏感文件可能会因而被存储在与并不想要给其访问权限的用户共享的网络空间中。
由此，本发明提供一种多层图形用户界面，它在至少两层诸如窗口或桌面等公共显示空间中提供多种类型的信息。在一个实现中，共享的网络文件夹包括两层显示对象，以分别表示该文件夹中所包含的文件以及与其共享该文件夹的用户。第一层或顶层可用常规的单词、图标或其它符号来表示文件。第二层或较低层可用相对于顶层而言暗色的、模糊的或者不突出的单词、图标或其它符号来表示用户。
该多层图形用户界面允许多种不同类型的信息被图形地呈现在公共显示空间中。结果，首要信息(例如，文件)可被用户容易地辨别，而重要的相关信息在不会因显示对象的混乱而令首要信息的显示降级的情况下被呈现。在一个实现中，所要呈现的不同类型的信息可以在类型控件条中从两个以上不同类型的信息中选择。
阅读参考附图进行的对本发明较佳实施例的详细描述，将明白本发明的其它目的和优点。
附图简述
图1是计算机网络文件夹现有技术的图形用户界面的图示。
图2是根据本发明的多层图形用户界面的图示。
图3-5示出具有用于呈现两种以上类型的多个图形空间的类型控件条的多层图形用户界面。
图6是计算机实现的多层用户界面方法的流程图。
较佳实施例的详述
图2是根据本发明的多层图形用户界面20的图示。该图对于包含诸如文档文件、相片文件等多个计算机文件24的计算机网络文件夹22示出多层图形用户界面。可以认识到，图2中的计算机文件24实际上是表示或指定文件的图标，但在本领域的术语中，表示对象的图标或其它符号被视为这些对象本身。用户界面20被呈现在例如用户计算机的显示屏上。
计算机网络文件夹22表示在其中存储了计算机文件24的计算机或网络空间。网络文件夹22可由许多用户从网络上许多不同的计算机访问。用户界面20还包括表示与其共享该网络文件夹22的用户或用户组的一个或多个(图中示出了多个)用户图标30。其中一些用户图标30可能每一个都表示多个用户，诸如表示所有网络用户的“每个人”图标，和表示用户直接的同事组的“工作组”图标等。
图2中的用户图标30被示于虚线描绘的框中，以表示当在计算机显示器上呈现图标30时，它们相对于文件24而言是暗色的、模糊的或者不突出的。依此类推，不突出的用户图标可能类似于纸上的水印。又如，可通过用相对于文件24而言不同的颜色或阴影来呈现用户图标30以使它们不突出。结果，计算机文件24表示用户界面20的顶层或前层，而用户图标30表示下层或底层。
用户图标30为查看用户界面20的用户提供对网络文件夹22的共享状态和与其共享文件夹22的用户的清楚和整体的指示。在一个实现中，每个用户图标30还用作用于访问用户界面(未示出)以在无需改变单独的视图或应用程序的情况下修改该用户对文件夹22的共享或访问权限的链接或控件。结果，文件24和用户图标30无论被呈现为用户界面20的顶层或下层，都提供对底层信息或功能的访问。
图2示出在两个不同层里的每一层中呈现两种类型(即，文件24和用户图标30)的多个图形控件的多层用户界面20。作为本发明的另一个实现，图3-5示出用于呈现两种以上类型的多个图形控件的多层图形用户界面50。用户界面50包括类型控件条52，它具有表示三种不同类型的数据、对象、控件等的控件54、56和58。在此示图中，控件54、56和58分别对应于用户控件、文件夹控件和草稿控件。
图3用框60示出文件夹控件56的激活。文件夹控件56能以任何常规的图形用户界面方式(例如，“点击”)来激活，并且能以任何方式来显示一指示。框纯粹是指示激活的一个示例。
文件夹控件56的激活用于将表示例如网络空间中的文件夹或子文件夹的文件夹62(即，文件夹图标)提至用户界面50的顶层。用户图标64被示于虚线所画的框内以指示图标64是以相对于文件夹62而言不突出的方式(即，在较低级)呈现在计算机显示屏上的。例如，文件夹62可被移至用户界面50的顶级，以使用户可管理或访问这些文件夹内的信息或文件。
图4用框60示出用户控件54的激活。用户控件54能以任何常规的图形用户界面方式来激活，并且能以任何方式来显示一指示。用户控件54的激活用于将表示例如用户对文件夹62有共享权限的用户图标64提至用户界面50的顶级。文件夹62被示于虚线所画的框内，以指示文件夹62是以相对于用户图标64而言不突出的方式(即，在较低级)呈现在计算机显示屏上的。
例如，用户图标64可被移至用户界面50的顶级，以使用户可管理或修改由用户图标64所表示的用户的共享或访问权限。
图5用框60示出草稿控件58的激活。草稿控件58能以任何常规的图形用户界面方式来激活，并且能以任何方式来显示一指示。草稿控件58的激活用于将表示例如具有多个相关联的草稿或版本的文件的草稿图标66提至用户界面50的顶级。在图4中的用户图标先前在顶级的情况下，草稿控件58的激活使用户图标64移到较低的显示级，而先前的较低级文件夹图标62从显示中丢掉。用户图标64被示于虚线所画的框内，以指示图标64是以相对于草稿图标66而言不突出的方式(即，在较低级)呈现在计算机显示屏上的。
可以认识到，类型控件条52可包括任意个数的控件，以容纳任意对应个数的对象类型。在此实现中，一次呈现两级对象，其中顶级对象相对于较低级对象被以突出方式呈现。结果，来自类型控件条52的控件的激活使被激活的类型的对象被移至顶级，而同时先前的顶级对象在较低级呈现。
尽管参考了计算机文件管理应用程序来描述，但是可以认识到，根据本发明的多层图形用户界面可用于各种用户界面应用程序中。例如，可在用户的活动窗口中将用户通知或***状态呈现为不突出的层或底层。此类用户通知或***状态指示可包括电子邮件消息的到达、约会提示、***资源警告等等。在这些情形中的每一种里，可在无关的应用程序的窗口内呈现指示，以用可注意到的但不唐突且不造成混乱的方式通知用户。
图6示出在文字处理应用程序窗口84中呈现例如文本文档82的多层用户界面80。文本文档82表示用户界面80的顶层。诸如指示已接收到电子邮件消息的图标等通知指示器86被呈现为窗口84内的第二层。通知指示器86是以相对于文本文档82而言暗色的、模糊的、淡化的或其它不突出的方式来呈现的。在图6中通过将指示器86示于虚线所画的框内来指示通知指示器86的不突出的呈现。
又如，根据本发明的多层用户界面可被应用于万维网页应用程序，诸如用于指示在页面上活动的用户、与当前的(图标)有关的页面、天气、有关人员、附近人员等等。
图7是用于提供诸如图2-5中所示等图形用户界面的一种计算机实现的多层用户界面方法100的流程图。
在步骤102，顶级信息类型被标识，并以突出的(例如，常规)方式被呈现在计算机显示屏上。
在步骤104，下级信息类型被标识，并以相对于常规呈现而言不突出的方式被呈现在计算机显示屏上，这些不突出的方式可包括模糊、淡化、打阴影等。
参考所示实施例描述和示出了本发明的原理以后，可以认识到，所示实施例在排列和细节上可被修改而不会偏离这些原理。应当理解，本文中所描述的程序、过程或方法不涉及或局限于任何特定类型的计算机装置，除非另有指示。可用各种类型的通用或专用计算机装置来处理或执行根据本文中所描述的教导的操作。以软件形式示出的所示实施例的元素可用硬件实现，反之亦然。
考虑到可对其应用本发明原理的许多可能的实施例，应当认识到，这些详细的实施例只是示例性的，而不应被视为对本发明的范围有所限制。相反，要求保护所有落入所附权利要求书范围和精神之内的此类实施例及其等效技术方案作为本发明。

Claims (20)

1.一种计算机显示屏上的多层图形用户界面，包括：
显示区域中对计算机空间内的第一类型的一个或多个计算机文件对象的常规呈现；以及
所述显示区域中对与所述第一类型不同并且表示所述计算机空间的属性或特征的第二类型的一个或多个对象的不突出的呈现。
2.如权利要求1所述的用户界面，其特征在于，所述计算机空间是共享的网络空间。
3.如权利要求2所述的用户界面，其特征在于，所述第二类型的一个或多个对象表示共享所述计算机空间的用户。
4.如权利要求1所述的用户界面，其特征在于，所述不突出的呈现包括相对于所述第二类型的一个或多个对象的常规呈现而将其暗化或者模糊中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的用户界面，其特征在于，还包括类型控件条，用于从所述第一类型、所述第二类型、以及至少一种其它类型的对象中选择所要呈现的所述第一类型的一个或多个计算机文件对象和所述第二类型的一个或多个对象。
6.如权利要求5所述的用户界面，其特征在于，对所选择的对象类型激活所述类型控制条导致所选择的对象类型的一个或多个对象的常规呈现。
7.一种计算机显示屏上的多层图形用户界面，包括：
显示区域中对第一类型的一个或多个对象的常规呈现；以及
所述显示区域中对与所述第一类型不同的第二类型的一个或多个对象的不突出的呈现。
8.如权利要求7所述的用户界面，其特征在于，所述不突出的呈现包括相对于所述第二类型的一个或多个对象的常规呈现而将其暗化或者模糊中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求7所述的用户界面，其特征在于，还包括类型控件条，用于从所述第一类型、所述第二类型、以及至少一种其它类型的对象中选择所要呈现的所述第一类型的一个或多个计算机文件对象和所述第二类型的一个或多个对象。
10.如权利要求9所述的用户界面，其特征在于，对所选择的对象类型激活所述类型控制条导致所选择的对象类型的一个或多个对象的常规呈现。
11.如权利要求7所述的用户界面，其特征在于，所述第一类型的一个或多个对象对应于计算机应用程序，而所述第二类型的一个或多个对象包括与所述计算机应用程序不同的用户通知。
12.如权利要求7所述的用户界面，其特征在于，所述第一类型的一个或多个对象对应于网络万维网站，而所述第二类型的一个或多个对象表示所述网络万维网站的属性或特征。
13.如权利要求7所述的用户界面，其特征在于，所述第二类型的一个或多个对象可作为可由用户选择的图形控件来操作。
14.一种多层图形用户界面方法，包括以下步骤：
标识并在计算机显示器上呈现顶级信息类型，所述顶级信息类型以第一方式呈现；以及
标识并在所述计算机显示器上呈现较低级信息类型，所述较低级信息类型以相对于所述第一方式而言不突出的方式呈现。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，以不突出的方式呈现所述较低级信息类型包括相对于所述较低级信息类型的常规呈现而将其暗化、模糊或淡化中的一种。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括呈现类型控件条，用于从至少三种单独的信息类型中选择所要呈现的所述顶级信息类型和所述较低级信息类型。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述顶级信息类型对应于计算机空间内的第一类型的一个或多个计算机文件对象，而所述较低级信息类型对应于与所述第一类型不同的、并且表示所述计算机空间的属性或特征的第二类型的一个或多个对象。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述计算机空间是共享的网络空间，且所述第二类型的一个或多个对象表示共享所述计算机空间的用户。
19.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述顶级信息类型对应于计算机应用程序，而所述较低级信息类型包括与所述计算机应用程序不同的用户通知。
20.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述较低级信息类型可作为可由用户选择的图形控件来操作。
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