CN1769647A - 用于燃气轮机的第二相的高效定子 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子具有一系列叶片(1)，每个叶片由点的离散组合在笛卡儿参考系(X、Y、Z)中的坐标来限定，其中，轴线(Z)是与涡轮的中心轴线相交的径向轴线。每个叶片(1)的轮廓通过在轮廓本身和位于离开中心轴线距离(Z)的平面(X、Y)之间一系列闭合相交曲线(20)来确定。每个叶片(1)具有由在平均喉部点的半径处求值的在叶片的中间高度处的平均喉部长度和圆周节距之间的比例的余弦弧度限定的平均喉角；所述平均喉角范围为从57.8°到60.8°。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于燃气轮机的第二相的定子。
更具体的，本发明涉及用于低压燃气轮机的第二相的高空气动力学效率的定子。
背景技术
燃气轮机涉及旋转热力发动机，其使用来自燃烧的气体将气体的焓转化为有用功，且其提供机械功率到旋转轴上。
因此，涡轮通常包括压缩器或者涡轮压缩器，来自外部的空气在压力下进入压缩器或者涡轮压缩器内部。
各种喷射器供给燃料，该燃料与空气混合，以形成空气-燃料点火混合物。
涡轮，或者更精确的涡轮膨胀器携带轴向压缩器，其将机械能供给到使用者，转换在燃烧室中燃烧的气体的焓。
在产生机械能的应用中，膨胀跳跃细分为两个部分跳跃，每一个部分跳跃发生在涡轮中。高压涡轮在燃烧室的下游携带压缩器。收集来自高压涡轮的气体的低压涡轮然后连接到使用者。
涡轮膨胀器、涡轮压缩器、燃烧室(或者加热器)、出口轴、调节***和点火***形成了燃气轮机设备的主要部分。
至于所关心的燃气轮机的功能，已知流体通过一系列入口导管进入压缩器。
在这些导管***中，气体具有低压和低温的特性，而当其通过压缩器时，气体被压缩，且其温度增加。
气体然后进入燃烧(或者加热)室，其中，其经历进一步较大的温度增加。
气体的温度增加所必须的热量由通过喷射器引入加热室的气体燃料的燃烧提供。
当启动机器时，通过火花塞实现燃烧的触发。
在燃烧室的出口处，高温高压气体通过特殊的导管到达涡轮，其中，高温高压气体放出在压缩器和加热室(燃烧室)中积累的部分能量，然后通过排放通道流到外部。
由于由气体给予涡轮的功大于在压缩器中吸收的，所以一定量的能量保持可用，在机器的轴上，其去除由附件以及移动机械机构的被动阻力吸收的功，表现设备的有用功。
由于高比率能量可用，实际的涡轮，更精确的涡轮膨胀器，通常是多相的，以优化由气体转化为有用功的能量转换收益。
因此，相为涡轮的每个部分的构成元素，且包括定子和转子，每个装备有一系列叶片。
然而，所有涡轮共同的主要必需要求之一为高效率，其必须通过在涡轮的所有部件上开发来获得。
近年来，技术上超前的涡轮已经通过升高诸如燃烧温度、压力变化、冷却***和涡轮的其它部件的效率之类的热动力学循环参数来进一步改进。
现在，为了进一步提高效率，必须在轮廓的空气动力学条件上开发。
叶片***的几何构造极大地影响空气动力学效率。这依赖于这样的事实，即，叶片的几何特性确定相对流体速率的分布，因此影响沿着壁的限制层的分布，以及最后的但不是最小的摩擦损耗。
在低压涡轮中，观察到，旋转速率工作条件可以从额定速率的50％变化到105％，因此，涡轮的叶片***必须将高的空气动力学效率维持在很宽的范围内。
特别是在低压涡轮的第二相的定子叶片的情况下，需要特别高的效率，同时维持合适的空气动力学和机械载荷。
燃气轮机的总功率不仅与涡轮本身的效率有关，而且还与其可以处理的气体流速有关。
因此，通过增加其能够处理的气体流速可以获得功率增加。
缺点之一在于，这明显产生效率降低，效率降低大大减小了功率增加。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的之一是提供用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其与涡轮的尺寸相同，增加了涡轮本身的功率。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于低压涡轮的第二级的定子，其允许高空气动力学效率，同时能够获得涡轮的高流速，结果增加具有相同涡轮尺寸的涡轮本身的功率。
本发明的还有的目的是提供用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其允许高空气动力学效率。
本发明的还有一个目的是提供用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其通过自动过程在宽的范围生产。
本发明的还有的目的是提供用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其通过三维建模能够通过有限系列的起始元素限定。
通过根据在权利要求1中指定的用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子实现了本发明的这些和其它目的。
根据本发明的定子的还有的特性是从属权利要求的目的。
附图说明
参考包括的附图，从下面的示例性的和非限制性的描述可以更明白根据本发明的用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子的特性和优点，其中：
图1是根据本发明的生产有空气动力学轮廓的涡轮的定子的叶片的凸起视图；
图2是图1的叶片的相对侧的凸起视图；
图3和4是根据本发明的多个叶片从排放侧的凸起的示意图；
图5是气流在压力下从侧部的入口方向上的凸起视图；
图6是在叶片的不同高度处的、从根据本发明的空气动力学轮廓的迹线上面的示意图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，定子设置为用于燃气轮机的第二相，其包括外部侧面和分布在定子本身的外部侧表面上的一系列叶片1。
所述叶片1均匀地分布在所述外部侧表面上。
每个叶片1通过点的离散组合在笛卡儿参考系X、Y、Z中的坐标来限定，其中，轴线Z是与涡轮的中心轴线相交的径向轴线。
每个叶片1的轮廓通过在轮廓本身和位于离开中心轴线距离Z的平面X、Y之间一系列闭合相交曲线20来确定。
每个叶片1的轮廓包括压力下的第一凹面3，处于低压下且与第一凹面相对的第二凸面5。
两个面3、5是连续的且共同地形成每个叶片1的轮廓。
在端部处，根据已知技术，在每个叶片1及定子本身之间有连接器。
每个闭合的曲线20具有喉角，其由在相应于离开闭合曲线20本身的中心轴线距离Z的半径处求值的喉部的长度和圆周节距之间的比例的余弦弧度限定。
每个叶片1与相邻的叶片一起限定气体的通道部分，分别有第一入口部分和喉部部分，气体顺序通过它们。
观察到，通过增加喉部部分，在单位时间内，较大量的气体能够流过涡轮。
因此，可以通过相同数量的叶片且维持相同尺寸特性来增加燃气轮机的流速。
通过合适地改变每个闭合曲线20的喉角来实现定子的每个喉部部分的增加。
每个叶片1具有在叶片1本身的中间高度处求值的平均喉角。
所述平均喉角最好范围为从57.8°到60.8°。
所述平均喉角最好为59.3°。
每个叶片1具有沿着叶片1本身的高度变化的喉角分布。
相对于平均喉角的值，所述喉角分布具有最好范围从+1.5°到-1.5°的改变，使得将第二压降减小到最小。
这样，通过合适地成形涡轮的第二相的定子叶片的轮廓，可以获得满意的效率和使用寿命。
实际上，喉部部分和通过相对于喉部部分本身的倾斜变成形叶片获得的涡轮叶片的诸如效率和使用寿命之类的特性之间有联系。
每个叶片1的轮廓合适地成形，以允许效率维持在高水平。
这是特别重要的，因为通常在流速增加时，由于空气动力学下降的增加出现效率的必然下降，这大大限制了涡轮本身功率的总体增加，因为功率由这两个因素成比例的影响，即，流速和转换效率。
此外，每个叶片1的使用寿命也直接受所述平均喉角影响。
这是因为，根据平均喉角，空气动力学载荷在每个叶片上变化，且引起其上的机械应力，连同在涡轮本身运行期间产生的热应力，该机械应力随着时间产生每个叶片功能性的损耗，导致其替换。
根据本发明，一旦平均喉角固定，且沿着叶片1的高度Z的喉角分布的改变也固定，那么可以成形每个叶片1的轮廓，使得维持高效率和足够的使用寿命。
燃气轮机的第二相的定子最好包括一系列成形的叶片1，其每个具有成形的空气动力学轮廓。
用于燃气轮机的第二低压相的定子的每个叶片1的空气动力学轮廓通过一系列闭合曲线20限定，这些闭合曲线的坐标相对于笛卡儿参考系X、Y、Z限定，其中，轴线Z是与涡轮的中心轴线相交的径向轴线，且位于离开中心轴线距离Z处的所述闭合曲线20根据表格I限定，表格I的值涉及室温轮廓，且除以以毫米表示的轴向弦的值，该轴向弦的值涉及叶片1的最内部距离Z，在表格I中表示为CHX。
表格I 表格I继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,8528-0,8527-0,8523-0,8514-0,8502-0,8483-0,8461-0,8428-0,8393-0,8363-0,8332-0,8300-0,8268-0,8236-0,8203-0,8170-0,8137-0,8082-0,8027-0,7972-0,7917-0,7862 | -0,5875-0,5855-0,5834-0,5809-0,5786-0,5760-0,5737-0,5711-0,5690-0,5675-0,5663-0,5652-0,5643-0,5636-0,5629-0,5623-0,5617-0,5607-0,5596-0,5586-0,5575-0,5565 | 6,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,4682 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,7808-0,7753-0,7698-0,7632-0,7567-0,7496-0,7425-0,7316-0,7208-0,7073-0,6938-0,6750-0,6563-0,6377-0,6192-0,6009-0,5827-0,5647-0,5468-0,5291-0,5116-0,4943 | -0,5554-0,5543-0,5532-0,5518-0,5504-0,5489-0,5473-0,5448-0,5422-0,5389-0,5354-0,5304-0,5250-0,5193-0,5133-0,5070-0,5004-0,4935-0,4862-0,4786-0,4707-0,4624 | 6,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,4682 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,4771-0,4603-0,4436-0,4271-0,4109-0,3792-0,3484-0,3187-0,2899-0,2621-0,2352-0,2091-0,1840-0,1596-0,1360-0,1131-0,0908-0,0693-0,0512-0,0395-0,0336-0,0279 | -0,4538-0,4450-0,4357-0,4263-0,4164-0,3960-0,3745-0,3520-0,3286-0,3044-0,2795-0,2539-0,2277-0,2009-0,1736-0,1458-0,1176-0,0890-0,0641-0,0474-0,0390-0,0306 | 6,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,4682 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,0221-0,0164-0,0136-0,0108-0,0080-0,0052-0,0037-0,00150,00090,00320,00490,00600,00610,00540,00310,0007-0,0017-0,0041-0,0089-0,0138-0,0186-0,0235 | -0,0221-0,0137-0,0094-0,0052-0,00090,00340,00490,00600,00610,00530,00370,0015-0,0009-0,0029-0,0074-0,0118-0,0162-0,0207-0,0296-0,0384-0,0473-0,0561 | 6,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,4682 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,0333-0,0482-0,0660-0,0842-0,1028-0,1220-0,1418-0,1623-0,1835-0,2056-0,2286-0,2527-0,2780-0,3050-0,3345-0,3502-0,3665-0,3837-0,4014-0,4199-0,4390-0,4590 | -0,0738-0,1004-0,1313-0,1624-0,1935-0,2247-0,2561-0,2877-0,3195-0,3514-0,3835-0,4158-0,4481-0,4802-0,5113-0,5264-0,5408-0,5548-0,5681-0,5808-0,5926-0,6036 | 6,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,4682 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,4794-0,5006-0,5223-0,5445-0,5672-0,5903-0,6135-0,6371-0,6607-0,6777-0,6946-0,7081-0,7216-0,7304-0,7391-0,7472-0,7552-0,7618-0,7685-0,7751-0,7817-0,7883 | -0,6136-0,6225-0,6303-0,6370-0,6424-0,6466-0,6494-0,6510-0,6513-0,6508-0,6496-0,6482-0,6464-0,6450-0,6434-0,6419-0,6402-0,6386-0,6370-0,6353-0,6335-0,6316 | 6,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,4682 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| XCHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,7948-0,8014-0,8079-0,8118-0,8156-0,8194-0,8232-0,8269-0,8305-0,8340-0,8374-0,8416-0,8454-0,8479-0,8500-0,8513-0,8523-0,8527-0,8528-0,8740-0,8738-0,8734 | -0,6296-0,6275-0,6254-0,6240-0,6226-0,6211-0,6195-0,6177-0,6157-0,6135-0,6112-0,6078-0,6041-0,6010-0,5977-0,5950-0,5920-0,5898-0,5875-0,6060-0,6039-0,6018 | 6,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,46826,69946,69946,6994 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,8725-0,8713-0,8694-0,8671-0,8638-0,8603-0,8573-0,8541-0,8509-0,8477-0,8444-0,8410-0,8377-0,8343-0,8287-0,8231-0,8175-0,8119-0,8063-0,8007-0,7951-0,7896 | -0,5992-0,5968-0,5941-0,5917-0,5891-0,5870-0,5854-0,5841-0,5830-0,5821-0,5813-0,5806-0,5800-0,5793-0,5783-0,5773-0,5763-0,5753-0,5743-0,5732-0,5721-0,5710 | 6,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,6994 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,7829-0,7762-0,7690-0,7617-0,7506-0,7396-0,7258-0,7120-0,6928-0,6737-0,6547-0,6359-0,6172-0,5986-0,5802-0,5619-0,5438-0,5259-0,5082-0,4907-0,4734-0,4564 | -0,5696-0,5683-0,5667-0,5652-0,5627-0,5602-0,5568-0,5534-0,5483-0,5429-0,5371-0,5311-0,5247-0,5180-0,5109-0,5035-0,4957-0,4876-0,4792-0,4704-0,4613-0,4518 | 6,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,6994 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,4395-0,4229-0,3904-0,3589-0,3283-0,2988-0,2702-0,2425-0,2157-0,1897-0,1646-0,1403-0,1166-0,0937-0,0715-0,0529-0,0407-0,0347-0,0287-0,0228-0,0170-0,0140 | -0,4421-0,4320-0,4109-0,3888-0,3656-0,3414-0,3164-0,2906-0,2640-0,2368-0,2090-0,1806-0,1517-0,1224-0,0926-0,0668-0,0494-0,0407-0,0319-0,0231-0,0143-0,0099 | 6,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,6994 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,0111-0,0082-0,0053-0,0038-0,00160,00090,00320,00510,00620,00630,00560,00320,0007-0,0018-0,0042-0,0092-0,0142-0,0192-0,0242-0,0343-0,0497-0,0680 | -0,0054-0,00100,00350,00510,00620,00630,00550,00380,0016-0,0009-0,0030-0,0076-0,0123-0,0169-0,0215-0,0307-0,0400-0,0492-0,0584-0,0769-0,1045-0,1368 | 6,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,6994 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,0867-0,1058-0,1255-0,1458-0,1668-0,1886-0,2112-0,2348-0,2596-0,2856-0,3135-0,3439-0,3601-0,3770-0,3947-0,4129-0,4320-0,4517-0,4722-0,4932-0,5150-0,5372 | -0,1691-0,2015-0,2341-0,2667-0,2995-0,3324-0,3655-0,3987-0,4320-0,4653-0,4982-0,5300-0,5452-0,5599-0,5741-0,5875-0,6002-0,6120-0,6230-0,6330-0,6419-0,6497 | 6,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,6994 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,5599-0,5831-0,6066-0,6304-0,6544-0,6785-0,6958-0,7131-0,7269-0,7406-0,7496-0,7585-0,7667-0,7749-0,7817-0,7884-0,7952-0,8019-0,8086-0,8153-0,8219-0,8285 | -0,6564-0,6618-0,6660-0,6690-0,6707-0,6711-0,6706-0,6695-0,6681-0,6664-0,6650-0,6635-0,6619-0,6602-0,6587-0,6570-0,6553-0,6534-0,6515-0,6495-0,6473-0,6451 | 6,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,6994 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,8325-0,8364-0,8403-0,8441-0,8478-0,8515-0,8550-0,8584-0,8626-0,8664-0,8689-0,8711-0,8724-0,8734-0,8738-0,8740-0,9064-0,9063-0,9058-0,9049-0,9037-0,9017 | -0,6437-0,6422-0,6406-0,6389-0,6370-0,6349-0,6327-0,6303-0,6269-0,6230-0,6199-0,6165-0,6136-0,6106-0,6083-0,6060-0,6344-0,6321-0,6299-0,6273-0,6248-0,6220 | 6,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69946,69947,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,0545 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,8994-0,8961-0,8926-0,8895-0,8863-0,8830-0,8797-0,8763-0,8729-0,8694-0,8660-0,8602-0,8544-0,8487-0,8429-0,8372-0,8314-0,8256-0,8199-0,8130-0,8061-0,7987 | -0,6195-0,6168-0,6146-0,6130-0,6116-0,6104-0,6094-0,6085-0,6078-0,6071-0,6065-0,6055-0,6045-0,6036-0,6026-0,6016-0,6005-0,5995-0,5984-0,5971-0,5957-0,5942 | 7,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,0545 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,7912-0,7798-0,7684-0,7542-0,7400-0,7202-0,7005-0,6810-0,6615-0,6422-0,6230-0,6040-0,5851-0,5665-0,5480-0,5297-0,5116-0,4937-0,4760-0,4586-0,4414-0,4076 | -0,5927-0,5902-0,5877-0,5844-0,5809-0,5758-0,5703-0,5645-0,5583-0,5518-0,5449-0,5377-0,5300-0,5220-0,5137-0,5049-0,4958-0,4864-0,4765-0,4664-0,4559-0,4339 | 7,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,0545 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,3749-0,3432-0,3124-0,2826-0,2537-0,2257-0,1986-0,1723-0,1469-0,1221-0,0981-0,0748-0,0554-0,0426-0,0364-0,0301-0,0239-0,0178-0,0147-0,0117-0,0086-0,0056 | -0,4107-0,3864-0,3611-0,3348-0,3076-0,2796-0,2508-0,2214-0,1914-0,1609-0,1298-0,0983-0,0709-0,0524-0,0432-0,0339-0,0246-0,0152-0,0105-0,0058-0,00110,0036 | 7,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,0545 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,0040-0,00170,00090,00330,00530,00640,00660,00590,00330,0007-0,0018-0,0044-0,0096-0,0148-0,0201-0,0253-0,0359-0,0519-0,0710-0,0905-0,1104-0,1309 | 0,00530,00640,00660,00580,00400,0017-0,0009-0,0031-0,0080-0,0129-0,0178-0,0227-0,0326-0,0424-0,0522-0,0620-0,0816-0,1109-0,1452-0,1795-0,2139-0,2484 | 7,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,0545 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,1520-0,1738-0,1964-0,2199-0,2444-0,2702-0,2974-0,3265-0,3583-0,3753-0,3930-0,4115-0,4307-0,4507-0,4712-0,4926-0,5145-0,5370-0,5600-0,5836-0,6075-0,6317 | -0,2829-0,3176-0,3524-0,3872-0,4221-0,4570-0,4917-0,5259-0,5586-0,5742-0,5892-0,6036-0,6172-0,6300-0,6419-0,6529-0,6628-0,6717-0,6795-0,6861-0,6916-0,6959 | 7,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,0545 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,6562-0,6810-0,7058-0,7236-0,7414-0,7556-0,7698-0,7790-0,7882-0,7966-0,8051-0,8121-0,8190-0,8260-0,8329-0,8398-0,8467-0,8535-0,8603-0,8643-0,8683-0,8723 | -0,6990-0,7008-0,7014-0,7010-0,7000-0,6988-0,6971-0,6957-0,6942-0,6926-0,6909-0,6894-0,6877-0,6859-0,6841-0,6821-0,6800-0,6778-0,6754-0,6739-0,6723-0,6706 | 7,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,0545 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,8762-0,8800-0,8837-0,8872-0,8907-0,8949-0,8987-0,9013-0,9035-0,9048-0,9058-0,9063-0,9064-0,9388-0,9387-0,9383-0,9374-0,9361-0,9341-0,9317-0,9284-0,9249 | -0,6687-0,6667-0,6645-0,6622-0,6596-0,6561-0,6522-0,6489-0,6453-0,6423-0,6392-0,6368-0,6344-0,6627-0,6604-0,6581-0,6553-0,6527-0,6498-0,6472-0,6445-0,6422 | 7,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,05457,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,4096 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,9217-0,9185-0,9151-0,9117-0,9082-0,9047-0,9012-0,8976-0,8917-0,8858-0,8798-0,8739-0,8680-0,8621-0,8561-0,8502-0,8431-0,8361-0,8284-0,8207-0,8090-0,7972 | -0,6405-0,6390-0,6378-0,6367-0,6357-0,6349-0,6342-0,6336-0,6326-0,6317-0,6308-0,6298-0,6289-0,6279-0,6268-0,6258-0,6245-0,6232-0,6217-0,6202-0,6178-0,6152 | 7,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,4096 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,7826-0,7680-0,7476-0,7273-0,7072-0,6871-0,6672-0,6474-0,6278-0,6084-0,5891-0,5700-0,5511-0,5324-0,5139-0,4957-0,4776-0,4598-0,4249-0,3909-0,3580-0,3260 | -0,6119-0,6084-0,6033-0,5977-0,5918-0,5856-0,5789-0,5719-0,5644-0,5566-0,5483-0,5397-0,5306-0,5212-0,5114-0,5012-0,4907-0,4798-0,4569-0,4327-0,4073-0,3807 | 7,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,4096 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,2950-0,2649-0,2357-0,2075-0,1800-0,1535-0,1276-0,1026-0,0782-0,0579-0,0446-0,0380-0,0315-0,0250-0,0186-0,0154-0,0122-0,0090-0,0059-0,0042-0,00180,0009 | -0,3531-0,3246-0,2951-0,2649-0,2339-0,2023-0,1700-0,1372-0,1039-0,0749-0,0555-0,0457-0,0359-0,0260-0,0162-0,0112-0,0062-0,00130,00370,00550,00670,0069 | 7,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,4096 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| 0,00350,00550,00670,00690,00620,00350,0008-0,0019-0,0046-0,0101-0,0155-0,0209-0,0264-0,0375-0,0542-0,0740-0,0943-0,1150-0,1362-0,1581-0,1807-0,2042 | 0,00600,00420,0018-0,0009-0,0032-0,0084-0,0136-0,0188-0,0240-0,0344-0,0448-0,0551-0,0655-0,0863-0,1174-0,1536-0,1899-0,2263-0,2627-0,2992-0,3357-0,3723 | 7,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,4096 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,2285-0,2540-0,2808-0,3091-0,3394-0,3727-0,3905-0,4090-0,4284-0,4484-0,4693-0,4907-0,5129-0,5357-0,5591-0,5829-0,6072-0,6318-0,6569-0,6821-0,7076-0,7331 | -0,4089-0,4455-0,4819-0,5181-0,5535-0,5872-0,6032-0,6185-0,6331-0,6469-0,6598-0,6717-0,6827-0,6926-0,7015-0,7093-0,7159-0,7214-0,7258-0,7290-0,7310-0,7317 | 7,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,4096 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,7514-0,7697-0,7844-0,7990-0,8085-0,8179-0,8266-0,8353-0,8425-0,8497-0,8568-0,8639-0,8710-0,8781-0,8851-0,8920-0,8962-0,9003-0,9043-0,9082-0,9121-0,9159 | -0,7315-0,7306-0,7294-0,7278-0,7265-0,7250-0,7234-0,7217-0,7201-0,7184-0,7166-0,7147-0,7127-0,7105-0,7082-0,7057-0,7041-0,7024-0,7005-0,6985-0,6964-0,6941 | 7,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967-40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,4096 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,9195-0,9230-0,9272-0,9310-0,9336-0,9358-0,9372-0,9382-0,9387-0,9388-0,9713-0,9711-0,9707-0,9698-0,9685-0,9664-0,9640-0,9607-0,9572-0,9540-0,9507-0,9473 | -0,6916-0,6890-0,6853-0,6813-0,6778-0,6741-0,6710-0,6678-0,6653-0,6627-0,6911-0,6887-0,6863-0,6834-0,6807-0,6777-0,6750-0,6722-0,6698-0,6680-0,6665-0,6651 | 7,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,40967,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,7647 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,9438-0,9402-0,9366-0,9330-0,9293-0,9232-0,9171-0,9110-0,9049-0,8988-0,8927-0,8866-0,8806-0,8733-0,8660-0,8581-0,8502-0,8381-0,8260-0,8110-0,7959-0,7750 | -0,6640-0,6630-0,6621-0,6614-0,6607-0,6598-0,6589-0,6581-0,6571-0,6562-0,6552-0,6542-0,6532-0,6519-0,6506-0,6492-0,6477-0,6453-0,6428-0,6395-0,6360-0,6308 | 7,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,7647 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,7541-0,7334-0,7127-0,6922-0,6719-0,6516-0,6316-0,6117-0,5920-0,5725-0,5532-0,5342-0,5153-0,4967-0,4782-0,4421-0,4070-0,3728-0,3396-0,3074-0,2761-0,2457 | -0,6252-0,6192-0,6128-0,6060-0,5988-0,5912-0,5831-0,5746-0,5657-0,5564-0,5466-0,5365-0,5259-0,5150-0,5036-0,4799-0,4547-0,4282-0,4004-0,3715-0,3416-0,3107 | 7,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,7647 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,2163-0,1878-0,1600-0,1331-0,1070-0,0816-0,0604-0,0465-0,0396-0,0328-0,0261-0,0194-0,0161-0,0127-0,0094-0,0061-0,0044-0,00190,00090,00360,00570,0070 | -0,2789-0,2464-0,2131-0,1791-0,1446-0,1095-0,0790-0,0585-0,0482-0,0379-0,0275-0,0171-0,0119-0,0066-0,00140,00380,00570,00700,00720,00630,00440,0019 | 7,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,7647 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| 0,00720,00640,00360,0008-0,0020-0,0048-0,0105-0,0161-0,0218-0,0275-0,0390-0,0564-0,0770-0,0981-0,1196-0,1416-0,1643-0,1877-0,2120-0,2372-0,2636-0,2914 | -0,0009-0,0033-0,0088-0,0143-0,0198-0,0252-0,0362-0,0472-0,0581-0,0691-0,0910-0,1238-0,1621-0,2003-0,2387-0,2770-0,3154-0,3538-0,3922-0,4306-0,4688-0,5069 | 7,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,7647 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,3208-0,3524-0,3871-0,4057-0,4250-0,4453-0,4661-0,4879-0,5102-0,5333-0,5569-0,5811-0,6057-0,6309-0,6562-0,6820-0,7080-0,7341-0,7604-0,7792-0,7981-0,8131 | -0,5445-0,5811-0,6158-0,6322-0,6478-0,6627-0,6766-0,6896-0,7016-0,7126-0,7224-0,7313-0,7390-0,7457-0,7512-0,7557-0,7590-0,7611-0,7620-0,7619-0,7611-0,7600 | 7,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,7647 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,8282-0,8379-0,8476-0,8566-0,8655-0,8729-0,8803-0,8876-0,8950-0,9022-0,9095-0,9167-0,9238-0,9280-0,9322-0,9363-0,9403-0,9442-0,9480-0,9517-0,9553-0,9594 | -0,7584-0,7572-0,7557-0,7541-0,7524-0,7508-0,7491-0,7473-0,7453-0,7432-0,7410-0,7386-0,7360-0,7343-0,7324-0,7305-0,7284-0,7261-0,7237-0,7211-0,7183-0,7145 | 7,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,7647 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,9632-0,9659-0,9682-0,9696-0,9707-0,9711-0,9713-0,9926-0,9925-0,9920-0,9911-0,9898-0,9877-0,9853-0,9820-0,9784-0,9752-0,9719-0,9684-0,9649-0,9612-0,9576 | -0,7104-0,7068-0,7030-0,6997-0,6963-0,6937-0,6911-0,7098-0,7073-0,7049-0,7019-0,6991-0,6960-0,6933-0,6904-0,6880-0,6861-0,6845-0,6831-0,6819-0,6809-0,6800 | 7,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,76477,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,9986 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,9539-0,9502-0,9440-0,9378-0,9316-0,9253-0,9191-0,9129-0,9067-0,9005-0,8931-0,8857-0,8777-0,8696-0,8573-0,8450-0,8297-0,8144-0,7930-0,7718-0,7506-0,7296 | -0,6792-0,6786-0,6777-0,6769-0,6760-0,6751-0,6742-0,6732-0,6722-0,6712-0,6700-0,6687-0,6673-0,6658-0,6634-0,6609-0,6576-0,6541-0,6489-0,6433-0,6372-0,6308 | 7,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,9986 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,7087-0,6879-0,6673-0,6469-0,6266-0,6066-0,5867-0,5670-0,5475-0,5282-0,5092-0,4904-0,4535-0,4175-0,3825-0,3485-0,3155-0,2835-0,2523-0,2221-0,1928-0,1644 | -0,6239-0,6165-0,6088-0,6006-0,5919-0,5828-0,5733-0,5634-0,5530-0,5422-0,5310-0,5194-0,4950-0,4691-0,4419-0,4133-0,3836-0,3528-0,3209-0,2882-0,2546-0,2202 | 7,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,9986 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,1368-0,1099-0,0838-0,0620-0,0478-0,0407-0,0337-0,0268-0,0199-0,0165-0,0131-0,0097-0,0063-0,0046-0,00200,00090,00360,00580,00710,00740,00660,0037 | -0,1852-0,1495-0,1132-0,0817-0,0605-0,0499-0,0392-0,0285-0,0177-0,0123-0,0069-0,00150,00390,00580,00710,00740,00650,00460,0020-0,0009-0,0034-0,0090 | 7,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,9986 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| 0,0008-0,0021-0,0050-0,0108-0,0166-0,0224-0,0283-0,0401-0,0579-0,0790-0,1006-0,1226-0,1451-0,1683-0,1923-0,2171-0,2429-0,2700-0,2984-0,3285-0,3610-0,3966 | -0,0147-0,0204-0,0261-0,0374-0,0487-0,0601-0,0714-0,0940-0,1280-0,1676-0,2072-0,2468-0,2864-0,3261-0,3657-0,4054-0,4449-0,4842-0,5233-0,5619-0,5993-0,6346 | 7,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,9986 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,4157-0,4356-0,4564-0,4778-0,5001-0,5231-0,5467-0,5709-0,5956-0,6208-0,6464-0,6723-0,6986-0,7250-0,7517-0,7784-0,7976-0,8167-0,8321-0,8474-0,8573-0,8672 | -0,6513-0,6671-0,6821-0,6961-0,7092-0,7212-0,7322-0,7421-0,7509-0,7586-0,7653-0,7709-0,7753-0,7787-0,7809-0,7820-0,7820-0,7813-0,7802-0,7787-0,7774-0,7759 | 7,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,9986 |
表格I 表格I
继续 继续
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,8763-0,8854-0,8929-0,9004-0,9079-0,9154-0,9228-0,9302-0,9375-0,9447-0,9490-0,9532-0,9574 | -0,7744-0,7727-0,7711-0,7694-0,7675-0,7655-0,7634-0,7611-0,7586-0,7559-0,7541-0,7522-0,7502 | 7,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,9986 |
| X/CHX | Y/CHX | Z/CHX |
| -0,9614-0,9654-0,9693-0,9730-0,9765-0,9807-0,9845-0,9872-0,9895-0,9910-0,9920-0,9925-0,9926 | -0,7480-0,7457-0,7432-0,7405-0,7376-0,7338-0,7296-0,7259-0,7219-0,7186-0,7151-0,7125-0,7098 | 7,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,99867,9986 |
而且，根据本发明的叶片的空气动力学轮廓由表格I的值通过将闭合曲线20的系列堆叠在一起且连接它们来获得，使得获得连续的空气动力学轮廓。
考虑每个叶片1的尺寸可变性，最好通过熔炼过程获得，每个叶片1的轮廓在垂直于叶片1本身的轮廓的方向上可以具有+/-0.3mm的公差。
每个叶片1的轮廓也可以包括随后涂覆的涂层，使得改变轮廓本身。
所述抗磨损的涂层具有在垂直于每个叶片表面方向上限定的厚度，其范围从0到0.5mm。
而且，很明显，表格I的坐标的值可以乘以或者除以校正常数，以获得更大或者更小比例的轮廓，同时维持相同的形式。
根据本发明，相对于具有相同尺寸特性的涡轮，获得了流动功能的相当大的增加，其直接与流速相关联，
更具体的，使用根据本发明的定子，相对于具有同样尺寸的涡轮，相当大地增加了流动功能，同时维持了高转换效率。
同时，每个叶片因此具有允许维持高转换效率和高使用寿命的空气动力学轮廓。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其具有一系列叶片(1)，每个叶片由点的离散组合在笛卡儿参考系(X、Y、Z)中的坐标来限定，其中，轴线(Z)是与涡轮的中心轴线相交的径向轴线，
每个叶片(1)的轮廓通过在轮廓本身和位于离开中心轴线距离(Z)的平面(X、Y)之间一系列闭合相交曲线(20)来确定，每个叶片(1)具有由在平均喉部点的半径处求值的在叶片的中间高度处的平均喉部长度和圆周节距之间的比例的余弦弧度限定的平均喉角，其特征在于，所述平均喉角范围为从57.8°到60.8°。
2.根据前面的权利要求所述的用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其特征在于，所述平均喉角为59.3°。
3.根据权利要求1或者2所述的用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其特征在于，每个闭合的曲线(20)具有喉角，其由在相应于离开闭合曲线(20)本身的中心轴线距离(Z)的半径处求值的喉部的长度和圆周节距之间的比例的余弦弧度限定，以及特征在于，每个叶片(1)具有沿着叶片(1)的高度(Z)的喉角分布，相对于所述平均喉角，所述喉角分布具有范围从+1.5°到-1.5°的改变。
4.根据前面的权利要求中任何一项所述的用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其特征在于，所述闭合曲线(20)根据表格I限定，表格I的值涉及室温轮廓，且除以以毫米表示的轴向弦的值，该轴向弦的值涉及叶片(1)的最外部距离(Z)。
5.根据前面的权利要求中任何一项所述的用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其特征在于，每个叶片(1)的轮廓在垂直于叶片(1)本身的轮廓的方向上具有+/-0.3mm的公差。
6.根据前面的权利要求中任何一项所述的用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其特征在于，每个叶片(1)的轮廓包括抗磨损的涂层。
7.根据前面的权利要求中任何一项所述的用于低压涡轮的第二相的定子，其特征在于，所述涂层具有的厚度范围从0到0.5mm。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2004A000710 | 2004-04-09 | ||
| IT000710A ITMI20040710A1 (it) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | Statore ad elevata efficienza per secondo stadio di una turbina a gas |
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| CN1769647A true CN1769647A (zh) | 2006-05-10 |
| CN100410495C CN100410495C (zh) | 2008-08-13 |
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| CNB2005100641251A Expired - Fee Related CN100410495C (zh) | 2004-04-09 | 2005-04-11 | 用于燃气轮机的第二级的高效定子 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7390165B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1584786A3 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2005299657A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101370091B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100410495C (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2502788C (zh) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20040710A1 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO20051740L (zh) |
Cited By (3)
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| CN102418565A (zh) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-04-18 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | 低压蒸汽涡轮机以及操作所述低压蒸汽涡轮机的方法 |
| CN103443402A (zh) * | 2011-03-25 | 2013-12-11 | 通用电气公司 | 高弧度定子导叶 |
| CN106948866A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-07-14 | 通用电气公司 | 涡轮机及其涡轮叶片 |
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| US8281374B2 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2012-10-02 | Oracle International Corporation | Attested identities |
| FR2899269A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-05 | Snecma Sa | Aube de redresseur optimisee, secteur de redresseurs, etage de compression, compresseur et turbomachine comportant une telle aube |
| JP5868605B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2016-02-24 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガスタービン |
| US9157326B2 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2015-10-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil for improved flow distribution with high radial offset |
| US10012086B2 (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2018-07-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine airfoil profile |
| US9523284B2 (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2016-12-20 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Adjusted stationary airfoil |
| US10443392B2 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2019-10-15 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Optimized aerodynamic profile for a turbine vane, in particular for a nozzle of the second stage of a turbine |
| US10443393B2 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2019-10-15 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Optimized aerodynamic profile for a turbine vane, in particular for a nozzle of the seventh stage of a turbine |
| US10041503B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-08-07 | General Electric Company | Airfoil shape for ninth stage compressor rotor blade |
| US10066641B2 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-09-04 | General Electric Company | Airfoil shape for fourth stage compressor stator vane |
| US11466573B1 (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-10-11 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Turbine vane |
| CN113217226B (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-08-02 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | 桨扇涡轮一体式发动机 |
| US11428159B1 (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2022-08-30 | Doosan Enerbility Co., Ltd. | Airfoil profile for a turbine blade |
| US11634995B1 (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-04-25 | General Electric Company | Compressor stator vane airfoils |
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| US5277549A (en) * | 1992-03-16 | 1994-01-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Controlled reaction L-2R steam turbine blade |
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- 2005-03-31 CA CA2502788A patent/CA2502788C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-07 US US11/100,625 patent/US7390165B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-07 KR KR1020050029055A patent/KR101370091B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-07 EP EP05252177A patent/EP1584786A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-08 JP JP2005111728A patent/JP2005299657A/ja active Pending
- 2005-04-08 NO NO20051740A patent/NO20051740L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102418565A (zh) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-04-18 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | 低压蒸汽涡轮机以及操作所述低压蒸汽涡轮机的方法 |
| CN103443402A (zh) * | 2011-03-25 | 2013-12-11 | 通用电气公司 | 高弧度定子导叶 |
| US9074483B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2015-07-07 | General Electric Company | High camber stator vane |
| CN103443402B (zh) * | 2011-03-25 | 2016-01-27 | 通用电气公司 | 高弧度定子导叶 |
| CN106948866A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-07-14 | 通用电气公司 | 涡轮机及其涡轮叶片 |
| CN106948866B (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2021-10-12 | 通用电气公司 | 涡轮机及其涡轮叶片 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20060045580A (ko) | 2006-05-17 |
| ITMI20040710A1 (it) | 2004-07-09 |
| CN100410495C (zh) | 2008-08-13 |
| CA2502788C (en) | 2013-03-26 |
| JP2005299657A (ja) | 2005-10-27 |
| NO20051740D0 (no) | 2005-04-08 |
| CA2502788A1 (en) | 2005-10-09 |
| US20050247045A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
| KR101370091B1 (ko) | 2014-03-04 |
| NO20051740L (no) | 2005-10-10 |
| EP1584786A2 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
| US7390165B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 |
| EP1584786A3 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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