CN1759458A - Liquid based electronic device - Google Patents
Liquid based electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1759458A CN1759458A CN03826129.4A CN03826129A CN1759458A CN 1759458 A CN1759458 A CN 1759458A CN 03826129 A CN03826129 A CN 03826129A CN 1759458 A CN1759458 A CN 1759458A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/04—Liquid dielectrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C11/00—Non-adjustable liquid resistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/701—Organic molecular electronic devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/20—Organic diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/43—Bipolar transistors, e.g. organic bipolar junction transistors [OBJT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
An electronic device, comprising: at least one channel with a fluid fillable channel interior and an electrically insulating wall surrounding at least partially the channel interior, which channel interior, in use, contains charge carriers, which electronic device further comprises: at least one control electrode, which electrode is electrically isolated from the channel interior and in capacitive contact with the channel interior. Furthermore, methods for use of such an electronic device, for example mixing or separating fluids.
Description
Technical field and background of invention
The present invention relates to electronic device.The invention further relates to integrated circuit that comprises this electronic device and the method for using this electronic device.The invention still further relates to the control device and the computer program of the electrology characteristic that is used to control electronic device.
The substantial portion of modern technologies is based on handles for example electronic device that flows of the electric charge carrier in transistor and the integrated circuit (IC) of solid-state semiconductor, and described electric charge carrier for example is " hole " and " electronics ".The physical characteristic (" state ") by semiconductor device and the state of device terminal are determined the flowing of electric charge carrier in these semiconductor device, at described device terminal place, and the voltage of control semiconductor device (or its part), and apply electric current.
The physical characteristic of semiconductor device to a great extent by determine fixed charge, promptly (more or less) profile (profile) of being independent of the impurity (" doping ") of the CHARGE DISTRIBUTION of internal field comes definite successively.Owing to prepare by quite meticulous chemistry and physical treatment, so doping profile is set in the semiconductor device, and immobilizes.After making this device, more or less, all can not change doping profile.This doping profile is the important decisive factor of the qualitative property of device, and promptly whether this device is bipolar transistor, field-effect transistor, silicon controlled rectifier etc.In case make, most these devices all can not be converted to another kind of type from one type.
Known most of semiconductor device can be classified as two classes basically, one pole type and ambipolar.In one pole type device, be doped to single type, for example just or negative.The example of one pole type device is mos field effect transistor (MOSFET) and Schottky diode.Bipolar device has the doping of opposite types, and for example positive and negative can be provided with these types in separate areas, forms the n-p knot thus.The example of bipolar device is bipolar junction transistor and PN junction diode.
The physical state major part of device terminal is determined by the voltage that imposes on them (and electric current).Can easily in time control voltage and current by large-scale analog-and digital-circuit, described analog-and digital-circuit can utilize the integrated circuit that can extensively obtain in computer system to control with high-resolution conversely.Can further spatially control voltage and current by the use side subarray, wherein each terminal all receives independently electric current and/or voltage, for example electric current and/or the voltage of exporting from the operational amplifier under the computer control.In fact, the circuit that can be by much at one and the computer system (hardware and software) of control gate array and storage chip are come the array of control terminal.Use the state of the art in this field, utilize the conservative estimation of the technology that can obtain in 2002, on 10 nanometers and bigger and 100 nanoseconds and the longer order of magnitude, can spatially go up the physical characteristic of control terminal with the time.
Although the state of device terminal is easy to control, the state of another main determining factor-semiconductor of device property self, be its doping profile-be unmanageable.No matter the sizable complexity of known electronic device, they all have the significant drawbacks of immutableness.In case in manufacture process, doping profile is set in the semiconductor device,, also be to be difficult to change this profile if not impossible.When making, just determined semi-conductive physical state up hill and dale.
Except main current carrier was the semiconductor device of hole and electronics, also the ion in the aqueous solution known was the device of main current carrier.This two classes device has following advantage: electronics and hole nature are very fast, and ion allows to utilize chemical characteristic.The ionic integrated circuit (IIC ' s) be the mobile device of control of having realized the ion in the solvent (mainly be water, but do not get rid of other).Because the balance (almost) that electronics and hole current flow in the balance of ionic current flow and the semiconductor is consistent, therefore can set up the IIC[1 that imitates solid-state integrated circuit, 8-16].Determine the characteristic of IC by the spatial distribution of dominating the doping that fixed charge distributes, and for example, can determine the characteristic of IIC by the spatial distribution of the fixed charge in the polymer substrate along the wall of the wall of protein (protein) passage or carbon nano-tube.For example, if the fixed charge among IC or the IIC is positive in a zone, and bear at adjacent area, then produced a PN junction diode, this can identify immediately by its I-E characteristic.
Yet IIC also has shortcoming, and promptly when making device, the doping among the IIC just is provided with up hill and dale.Doping is the physics of device and the result of chemical constitution, so the doping among the IIC, just can not be changed in case formed device just as the doping in the semiconductor device.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of device more flexibly, specifically, have the device of changeable doping profile on time or the space.Therefore, the invention provides a kind of electronic device according to claim 1.Electronic device according to the present invention is flexibly, because can be by the doping in electric charge on the electrode or the voltage control passage.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of according to claim 24 integrated circuit and according to the method for claim 25-28.This integrated circuit and method also are flexibly, because the doping that is used in the device in this integrated circuit or the method is flexibly.
The present invention also provides a kind of control device, is used to control the electrology characteristic according to the control electrode of electronic device of the present invention.The present invention also provides a kind of computer program, comprises the program code of carrying out steps of a method in accordance with the invention when operation on programming device.
Specific embodiments of the invention have been set forth in the dependent claims.Further details of the present invention, scheme and embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 has schematically shown the sectional view according to the example of device embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 has schematically shown along the sectional view of the example of Fig. 1 of line II-II intercepting;
Fig. 3 has schematically shown the block diagram of the example of the Fig. 1 that is connected to control circuit;
Fig. 4 has schematically shown the sectional view of the example of the device embodiment with two passages connected to one another;
Fig. 5 has schematically shown the sectional view of the example of the device embodiment that is used as one pole type device according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 has schematically shown the sectional view of the example of the device embodiment that is used as bipolar device according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 has schematically shown the sectional view of the example of the device embodiment that is used as the bipolar device with electric current injection according to the present invention;
Fig. 8 has schematically shown the sectional view of the example of the device embodiment that can be used for chemical reaction or catalyst according to the present invention;
Fig. 9 has schematically shown the sectional view of the example of the device embodiment that implements according to the present invention in integrated circuit;
Figure 10 has schematically shown the sectional view of the example of the device embodiment that has the circular passage according to the present invention.
Describe in detail
Utilize the example of Apparatus and method for to illustrate in greater detail the present invention below, its intermediate ion is the main type of electric charge carrier.Yet the present invention can be applied to electronics and/or the hole IC as the main type of electric charge carrier equally.Specifically, but do not get rid of other, in speed is not in the application of qualification feature (defining figure) of advantage, utilizes electronics and the hole main type as electric charge carrier, can use the present invention under the situation that flexibility and control is had substantial advantage.In addition, term used herein " fluid " comprises any non-solid-state medium, for example: liquid, gas, (part) vacuum, plasma etc.
Figure 1 illustrates example according to device embodiment of the present invention.This device comprises the path 10 that is centered on by electric insulation wall 11.Wall 11 have towards the internal face 12 of channel interior 14 and from channel interior away from outside wall surface 13.On outside wall surface 13, settle a large amount of electric contacts or pad 15.Pad 15 can be metal or semi-conducting material, and with channel interior 14 electric insulations, but contact with at least a portion channel interior 14 capacitive characters.Pad can be connected to control circuit by conductor or lead 18, control circuit for example shown in Figure 3.
When using this device, electric charge carrier is present in the inside 14 of path 10.This electric charge carrier for example can be the ion in the liquid, and described liquid for example is to comprise salt ion, as Na
+And Cl
-The aqueous solution.By conductor or lead 18, can control the electric charge or the voltage of pad 15.Therefore in the example of Fig. 1, each pad 15 all is connected with the lead 18 that separates, and can be independent of voltage on other pad 15 or electric charge and control voltage or electric charge on each pad.Thus, for example, the left hand pad can have 15 and central authorities' voltage different to last voltage among Fig. 1, and described central authorities are can be more different with the right voltage of the right hand to last voltage, control the doping profile along passage thus.
Owing to control electric charge or voltage on the pad, so controlled near the electrology characteristic of the passage the pad.More particularly, in this example, pad 15 contacts with channel interior 14 capacitive characters.Each pad 15 is as capacitor plate thus, and near the channel interior 14 the pad 15 is also as capacitor plate.Conduit wall 11 is as the dielectric between the capacitor plate, between the various piece of for example pad 15 and channel interior 14.Therefore, by changing electric charge or the voltage on one or more pad 15, channel interior 14 will be carried out its role as capacitor plate, and change voltage or the electric charge in the path 10: cause change (therefore having responded to electric current in channel interior) by electric charge or the voltage that changes on the pad in passage.
The electric charge of being responded in passage plays similar doping, and this is because it is identical with diffusion property (that is electrochemical properties) role to the electricity of passage with fixed charge (that is, doping) in the passage.Therefore,, control and changed the electric charge in the passage, control thus and changed the doping in the passage by the electric charge on the pad.Therefore, in device according to the present invention, because electric charge or voltage variable on the pad, therefore doping can change with respect to time and space.
For example, can control voltage on the pad, the voltage on this amplifier control pad by pad being connected to amplifier.For example, this amplifier can be the output of digital-to-analog converter (DAC).As mentioned above, (binary system) Serial No. is read in the input of DAC and provided certain output voltage.By the voltage on the pad, voltage in the control channel or electric charge have been controlled the doping according to device of the present invention thus.Can very fast the time, put on by the computer circuits that can extensively obtain (binary system) Serial No. is provided.
In the example of Fig. 1, channel interior 14 contacts with container 17 by opening 16, shown in the chain-dotted line among Fig. 1.Container 17 comprises fluid, and guarantees that fluid composition in the passage is along with the time remains unchanged substantially.The passage of the example of Fig. 1 has about several Debye length k of passage intermediate ion solution
-1Width (, represent k for the monovalent salt in the water with nanometer
-1=0.3/C
1/2), yet, be not to necessarily require such size yet.For the sake of clarity, Debye length is the size of the distance of shielding electric charge.In the shielding process, when inserting electric charge, dislocation charge rearranges.Dislocation charge in several Debye lengths rearranges, the electric charge that makes the insertion of their balances.Exceed several Debye lengths, the electric charge of insertion and the charge balance that rearranges make allegedly to shield the electric charge that is inserted.
Fig. 2 shows along the sectional view of Fig. 1 example of the line II-II intercepting of Fig. 1.Path 10 has the square-section basically.Passage can have difform cross section, for example triangle, circle etc. equally.As shown in Figure 2, pad 15 is around path 10, promptly not only has the pad that can see on the roof of device among Fig. 1 and the diapire, and also have pad on sidewall.In addition, on every side of pad passage in Fig. 1 and 2.In the example of Fig. 1 and 2, be positioned at diverse location at the pad of passage circumferencial direction, but all be electrically connected at the pad that vertically (be among Fig. 1 from one of opening 16 to another opening) is positioned at same position, therefore have identical electromotive force.This geometry makes that the electromotive force of channel interior is more or less even in the cross section of passage, and allows device to move more simply, and can not introduce complexity by the unsteered spatial variations of electromotive force.Yet, can pad be set in identical lengthwise position electrically isolated from one equally.In this case, can change electric field in the passage by pad, for example the pad that faces with each other can be set to different voltages, with positive and negative electric charge carrier separated from one another with flexible way more.
Fig. 3 shows the part of the example of device according to the present invention that is connected to control circuit.Yet, can be connected to the control circuit of other type, for example non-programmable special hardware circuit etc. equally according to electronic device of the present invention.Control circuit among Fig. 3 comprises the electric charge control device CC that is connected to pad 15 by lead 18.Electric charge control device CC is connected to digital-to-analog converter or DA transducer DAC.The DA transducer is being known in the art, and the DA transducer can be the transducer that is applicable to any kind of concrete application.The DA transducer for example can be the known type of Disc player, and the common quality of described Disc player is high and inexpensive.DA transducer DAC is connected to the processor 33 of standard personal computer PC communicatedly.In the example of Fig. 3, personal computer PC has for example for example monitor or display 32 of keyboard 31 and output equipment of input equipment.Keyboard 31 and monitor 32 are connected to the processor 33 in the personal computer PC communicatedly.Processor 33 also is connected to memory 34 communicatedly.
Can select to impose on the charge value or the magnitude of voltage of one or more pad 15 by keyboard 31 according to the operator of electronic device 10 of the present invention.Then in the example shown in matrix 35 with selective value, the value of selecting by processor 33 treatment of selected, and show at monitor 32 places.Processor 33 is also represented the digital signal of these values to the transmission of DA transducer.The DA transducer is converted to analog signal with digital signal, for example as the voltage of one or more output place of transducer.Analog control signal is transferred to control device CC, and Be Controlled device CC is used for controlling electric charge or voltage on the pad.
In the example of Fig. 3, electric charge control device CC is set, in case the voltage on the control pad 15, to keep the constant voltage on each pad, thus, if other situations all identical (ceterus paribus) are kept the constant charge in the channel interior 14.As described, near the channel interior the pad is just as doped region.Can change electric charge or voltage on the pad by the different value of keyboard 31 input, thereby change the value of effective dopant electric charge.Can control this electric charge by the computer program of storage in the run memory 34 on processor 33 equally, described computer program comprises the value of electric charge or voltage, and correspondingly control electric charge control device CC with the value in this program, described electric charge or magnitude of voltage can be selected the function as time or space.
Can implement electric charge control device CC in any mode that is suitable for concrete application.Many different modes known in the art are controlled the electric charge on each pad, the simple use of scope big voltage of electromotive force or capacitance variations from cover passage, the electric capacity (for example using four electrode method) of solution and the voltage on the control pad are so that electric charge keeps constant feedback device in read and measure from the pad to the passage.Should be noted that charge Q=CV, C represents electric capacity, and the V representative voltage.Therefore,, can change voltage V, maintain desired value to keep the dopant charge Q by feedback circuit if measure or known capacitance C.Because electric current I is the time-derivative of charge Q, so capacitor C is relevant with I/V, and for example can determine by on bias voltage, superpose very little AC voltage and the AC electric current that measures.
In electronic device according to the present invention, by regulating the electric charge on the pad, can easily change the distribution of fixed charge, therefore, by the charge type on the counter-rotating pad, this device can easily change to NPN transistor or change to diode from for example PNP transistor.The room and time control of mixing can obtain simultaneously, and this is because different pads can make its voltage (and so electric charge) control as the function of time on each space.By this way, same physical size can be transformed into the PNP transistor in next moment repeatedly from (for example) diode in a moment, to the PNPN thyristor.
Have on the opposite side of passage in the example of Fig. 5 and be arranged to two pad 15a respect to one another, promptly a pad is positioned at the position that can regard channel roof as, and another pad is positioned at the position that is considered to the bottom.As shown in Figure 5, owing to only have negative the doping, so pad 15a can make this device as unipolar device work.The example of Fig. 5 for example can be field-effect transistor, mos capacitance device, Schottky diode etc.In Fig. 5, this passage has the electrode 23,24 that electric current can be injected in the passage.Therefore, 15a is opposite with pad, and electrode 23,24 does not pass through the electric insulation wall and the channel separation of passage, but contacts with channel interior 14 conductions.This electrode for example can be electrically connected to suitable voltage or current source, so that the electric current of injection to be provided.
Preferably, electrode the 23, the 24th, opposite electrode provides the good electric current that flows to another electrode 24 from an electrode 23, and vice versa.To arrange electrode 23,24 from the certain distance of pad 15a.Thus, prevented injection current in the passage and by undesirable interaction between the electric charge of pad induction or the electric current.This undesirable interaction for example can be by the voltage on the electrode 23,24 or by the change to doping profile such as the electric current that injects.
Can control equally according to the electric charge on the pad of electronic device of the present invention,, make it as the various types of devices except the example of Fig. 5 so that electronic device to be set.For example,, then can control this device, be bipolar device or comprise parallel connection or the integrated circuit of a plurality of devices of being connected in series if this device has a plurality of pads.For example, in Fig. 6, this device has two pad 15a, 15b on every side of two opposite sides of passage, and wherein left side pad 15a remains positive charge, and right side pad 15b remains negative electrical charge, and all is independent of the electromotive force in the passage.Therefore, the electronic device of Fig. 6 more particularly, has the NP diode of N-P knot as bipolar device as the middle part between pad 15a, 15b according to the present invention.Therefore, if at electrode 24 injection currents, the cathode contact of diode (right side among Fig. 6) just, then this device will be the electric current guiding to electrode 23, anode contact (left side among Fig. 6), promptly this device is as forward diode, if and at anode contact 23 injection currents, then this device is as backward diode, i.e. this not conducting of device electric current.
In the example of Fig. 7, the electric charge on the control pad 15a-15c, in the zone of the pad 15b that makes at the middle part, the doping in the passage is born.Just mix in the zone of other two pad 15a, 15c.Near the pad 15b at middle part, there is direct electrode 15d.Directly electrode 15d contacts with the passage conduction, and can be with inside, electric current injection channel.In Fig. 7, directly electrode 15d directly contacts with channel interior, and directly at least a portion of electrode is positioned at channel interior physically.Thus, the device of Fig. 7 can be used as P-N-P bipolar junction transistor (BJT).When at one of electrode 23,24 injection current, the conductivity that can come control device by the electric charge that utilizes electric current that direct electrode 15d injects and respond at passage by pad 15a-15c or voltage.By putting upside down electric charge or the voltage on the pad 15a-15c, for example the pad that will just charge is transformed into negative charging, and vice versa, the device of Fig. 7 for example can be changed into NPN BJT from PNP BJT.When not by direct electrode 15d injection current, this device for example can be used as the PN diode that is connected in series with the NP diode.
In the example of Fig. 6 and 7, show the P-N knot, yet, can apply different voltage or electric charge to control electrode equally, make for example to obtain the P-P++ knot perhaps basic not knot.Usually, can use described electrode to obtain any concrete CHARGE DISTRIBUTION of implementing that is suitable for.
Therefore in device according to the present invention, passage has length, can extend on the array of pad, and for example because each pad is connected to its oneself amplifier and DAC independently, so the electric charge of each pad or voltage can be controlled independently.In this pad array, addressing easily has access to each pad.The device that has pad array according to the present invention extremely is similar to CMOS memory or gate array chip.Therefore simple computer program can be controlled the spatial distribution voltage of pad.Each pad is controlled to voltage by setting in the numeral of certain memory location storage (thus just electric charge).By this way, the individual devices with certain physical form can be made as the variable arranged in series (variable series arrangement) (for example PN diode of connecting etc.) of dissimilar devices with PNP transistor etc.Needed just with appropriate voltage, electric charge just, promptly mix and read in each pad.For example, under the simplest situation, the amplifier sustaining voltage is constant, and thus, as long as the not obvious change of electric capacity, electric charge is constant, and shows as fixed charge.
Determine the resolution of spatial control by the spacing between the pad.Determine temporal resolution (temporal resolution) by the speed that voltage on the pad and voltage change.By amplifier the power on control precision of lotus of pad is determined to form the ability of doping profile.If electric capacity is constant, then determine described precision by output current and " rate of circling round " of amplifier, described " rate of circling round " is the prestissimo that amplifier can change its output voltage, is the many volts of every microsecond at present.If the electric capacity marked change between pad and the channel interior then can be provided with adjunct circuit and control electric charge, for example, by when electric capacity changes, changing the voltage on the pad.
Can be electrically connected to other device according to device of the present invention, for example, wherein hole and electronics are the conventional solid state device of electric charge carrier.In this case, can in single integrated circuit, combine according to device of the present invention with this solid state device.Fig. 9 shows the sectional view of device according to the present invention that is applicable to integrated circuit.Realize the device of Fig. 9 on substrate 21, this substrate for example is " wafer " known in the semi-conductor industry.Substrate 21 for example can comprise Si, GaAs, Al
xO
yDeng.Deposit electrical insulating material 22, for example silica on substrate 21.In insulating material 22, path 10 is set.Insulating material 22 forms the wall of path 10.Near passage, location electric contact or pad 15, these pads separate and separate with the path 10 electricity by insulating material 22 is electric each other.Pad 15 is connected to other circuit by the connection 18 of electric conducting material, for example MOS (metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)) device etc.
Can build up between dissimilar electric charge carriers and can select according to device of the present invention, and for example between the type of ion, distinguish.For example, polyeletrolyte can be in passage, placed, for example, in this case, moving iron will be full of as the polymer of polyglutamate (polyglutamate) with high charge density.When trooping, different ions shows different behavior (that is, when having identical number density, they have different every molar free energies), and this is because they have different diameters and electric charge.These electric charges of trooping cause interacting with the simple electrostatic of IIC, to produce controllable selectivity, as in the natural biology ion channel.Have the rectifier of the device of polyeletrolyte as dissimilar ions according to the present invention, spatially can move this chemical rectifier, permission specific ion (from place to place) is from one place to another skimmed over.Equally, in passage, exist the PNP of polyeletrolyte to be provided with, as constituting the electricity amplifier with the chemical amplifier of formation.Ion by wide region can flow by loaded current, therefore in device according to the present invention, under computer control, can realize the selectivity of different ions type.By this way, can go up in body scale (bulk scale) and separate, comprise and use this device to come desalination (desalination).
Can comprise a large amount of parallel channels according to device of the present invention.Thus, even the electric current in each passage is very little, also can control a large amount of electric currents.
In the example of Fig. 4, two path 10s, 10 ' are by cross aisle or connect 19 interconnection.In the example of Fig. 4, passage vertically on observe, each connects 19 all between two pads 15.By connecting 19, can enter another passage from the particle of a passage.For example, has Na if in path 10, exist
+The water of ion, and at path 10 ' in only have Cl
-Ion then by suitably controlling the electric charge on the pad 15, can be inserted into path 10 with the ion from path 10 ' in.For example, by with near the path 10 opening ' in pad be set to negative potential, attract positive Na thus
+Ion.Shown in the example of Fig. 8, for example by implementing the part of a passage in the described passage, connection 19 between the path 10 can also be used to making two reactants together, carrying out chemical reaction, and further transmit they or along chemical reactant or catalyst guiding they.
In the example of Fig. 4, come interface channel with two-dimensional approach, yet lamination techniques allows to set up and interface channel three-dimensionally, this has improved the density and the flexibility of device greatly.
In the example shown in Fig. 1-7, device vertically on observe, one group, two groups or three assembly welding dishes are arranged to adjacent one another are.Yet, can provide a kind of equally, and therefore provide a kind of device that has the knot of varying number according to the present invention according to the device with pad of varying number (group) of the present invention.By the size of admissible passage length of maximum and knot and the quantity that density is determined tandem junction.
Preferably, passage has such length, and making is reasonably having tangible electric current to flow under the voltage.Utilize the device of the inventor and partner design and sale, can easily measure the electric current of 1pA (skin ampere).Can apply the voltage below 2 volts to the electrode that the end of passage is located, and not worry electrolysis, and for example, if the duration short (briefduration), perhaps time integral (almost) is zero, then also can apply bigger voltage.Therefore, in conjunction with electric current of mentioning and voltage, passage can have 10
11The resistance of ohm.Voltage on the pad 15 can be very big (for example, or even a few hectovolt), the big dynamic range of therefore " fixing " electric charge gears to actual circumstances.It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these values, in device according to the present invention, can be other electric current, voltage and resistance.
Can in time change electric charge or voltage on the pad, in device according to the present invention, produce the modulation of the time that depends on of doping profile thus.The doping profile of device not only can be used as the function of time and changes according to the present invention, and for example can also spatially change by dislocation charge transition position (location of transitions).And, by change the electric charge of different pads at different time, can (effectively) make the doping ripple, it can bring to whole space with (suitable symbol) electric charge carrier.The transformation that is moved for example can be the transformation from the negative electrical charge to the positive charge, and vice versa (for example between the pad 15a and pad 15b in Fig. 6), also it is called PN junction from here on, the perhaps transformation of concentration of electric charges, and for example P-P++ changes.For example in the example of Fig. 7, by electric charge or the voltage on the appropriate change pad 15a-15c, can mobile p-n or the position of n-p knot.The current carrier that preferentially remains in the passage in the PN junction district (perhaps opposite, the outside in this zone) will be pulled away, and allow the space migration, i.e. suction (pumping).If with mode that suitably replaces or the change in location that makes sign modification brokenly, then will occur mixing.If passage has branch, shown in the example of Fig. 4, and pad just is placed on below the node of those branches, then can flowing from a branch transition with current carrier to another branch.Thus by changing voltage or the electric charge on the pad, can control channel in the conversion of flow of charge carriers, promptly utilize the control circuit of Fig. 3.Fluid will move with electric charge carrier, especially when electric charge carrier is ion, therefore except ion flow, also can control flow of solvent and body mobile (bulk flow) by this way.
The control of the room and time of doping profile can be combined with the PN junction in spatial movement that electric charge carrier can be brought to whole space, thereby can form the time and space ripple of doping.Equally, can move the group of a plurality of knots in a similar fashion, for example NPN device (transistor just).This propagation device will be taken away electric charge carrier.The suction of the electric charge carrier of other solute that obtains water (dragging) thus and also drag together with electric charge carrier.For example, by comprising dyestuff in the solion in passage, can be with this device as electro-optical device.
Can be used for utilizing the chemical difference (chemical difference) of undiscovered electric charge carrier in the known semiconductor device according to device of the present invention.Electric current in the semiconductor flows and more or less is limited to two types quasi particle, for example hole and electronics.The electric current that ion by wide region carries in the solion flows.Spherical metal ion (for example, Li
+, Na
+, K
+Deng; Ca
++, Ba
++Deng) diameter and characteristic have wide scope; Ion organic compound provides a large amount of possibilities: any soluble organic acid or alkali (base) all provide a pair of new electric charge carrier.Because each in these electric charge carriers is the behavior difference in electric field owing to the difference of quality, dipole moment etc. for example, for example can filter electric charge carrier by electricity, perhaps can carry out specific chemical reaction.
Fig. 8 shows the example of the device according to the present invention, and it is particularly useful for carrying out chemical reaction or catalytic action.On the inner surface 13 of wall 12, there are suitable chemical reactant or catalyst 20.During use, chemical reactant or catalyst 20 are in the electric field of one or more pad 15.The electric field that is caused by the electric charge on the pad 15 has changed the electrochemistry potential energy of reactant and product in the passage.Thus, by changing the electric charge on the pad, this electrochemistry potential energy can be changed on the activation energy of each chemical compound or under, can start or suppress chemical reaction or catalytic action thus.This is similar to the generation of charge affects electric charge carrier of dopant in the solid-state semiconductor and compound mode, perhaps the fixed charge on the amino residue how to change local potential and change thus near the amino acid whose ionized state of weak acid [17-20].For example, can use enzyme, and the reactant that is produced by catalyst can diffuse out catalyst, the position in the arrival passage as catalyst.Reactant can spread in passage then, and perhaps the wall of passage can be made by having infiltrative material, makes that (some) reactants diffuse out passage, for example enters another passage.
Can be used for chemical compound in the split tunnel, for example the different ions type in the fluid according to electronic device of the present invention.Place a large amount of knots owing to can connect, therefore electronic device according to the present invention is particularly useful for the separation chemistry compound.Thus, in a pad place passage in addition little separation or selectivity also can be converted into big whole separation.
Owing to control according to the selectivity between the different ions type in the device of the present invention by fixed charge density, in device according to the present invention, it is by electric charge on the pad or voltage control, for example can control by the computer shown in the example of Fig. 3 thus, therefore optionally control can realize.In order to improve the selectivity performance, the water ion exchanger can be put into passage, preferably have high as far as possible charge density.The example of this ion-exchanger is a polyglutamic acid.The carboxylate group of this polymer is dissolved in the water environment, and occupies otherwise the space that occupied by water and ion.
In Figure 10, show the device that has the circular passage according to the present invention, it is particularly useful for separating the compound with different densities.This device has feeder connection 16, and by this inlet 16, fluid can be injected in the device.This device also has channel outlet 16 ', is used for the fluid of further transmission channel inside 14.The annular device for example can be used for this fluid of centrifugation, thus heavy and light compound in the separation of the fluid.By the pad 15 in suitable control inlet 16 and the outlet 16 ', can be the specific compound in the fluid or closed or open passage for whole fluid.For example, just charge near the pad outlet and the inlet, repel the cation in the passage thus, and attract anion, only form filter thus by anion.
Can be used in the programmable logic device (PLD) according to device of the present invention.PLD extensively is used in the electronics industry to make up digital circuit.Can utilize device according to the present invention to make up the circuit devcie of configuration (configured circuit device) (CCD).For example, device arrangements according to the present invention can be become matrix structure, and in integrated circuit structure, implement.By device according to the present invention is programmed, for example use conventional semiconductor memory component to come drive controlling electrode or pad, part according to device of the present invention can be constituted diode, pnp or npn transistor, resistor or simply open circuit or short circuit, produce simulation or digital circuit.
Should be noted that above-mentioned example has illustrated the present invention, but be not restriction the present invention, and do not breaking away under the scope situation of accessory claim that those skilled in the art can design many alternative plans.For example, control circuit can comprise the all-purpose computer that is connected to the suitable programming of contact, specific electronic circuitry etc. by DAC.And, if the pad that separates is set at identical voltage, they can be integrated into single pad.For example in the example of Fig. 2, the pad on the different walls may be embodied as the single shell of electric conducting material, the local whole periphery that covers passage.In addition, in device according to the present invention, passage can be straight, crooked etc.In claims, any reference symbol that is placed between the bracket all should not be construed as the restriction claim.Speech " comprises " does not get rid of element that existence lists except claim and other element or the step the step.In fact repeating some measure in different mutually claims does not represent to use the combination of these measures to obtain interests.
List of references
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3.Bockris，J.and?A.M.E?Reddy，ModernElectrochemistry.1970，New?York：Plenum?Press.1432.
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nd?ed.1991，EnglewoodCliffs，NJ：Prentice-Hall.560.
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13.Jacoboni，C.and?P.Lugli，The?Monte?Carlo?Method?forSemiconductor?Device?Simulation.1989，New?York：SpringerVerlag.
14.Selberherr，S.，Analysis?and?Simulation?of?SemiconductorDevices.1984，New?York，：Springer-Verlag.pp.1-293.
15.Hess，K.，Advanced?Theory?of?Semiconductor?Devices.2000，NewYork：IEEE?Press.350.
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nded.2000，Cambridge，U.K.；New?York：Cambridge?UniversityPress.xix，418.
17.Carlson，H.A.，J.M.Briggs?and?J.A.McCammon，Calculation?ofthe?Pka?Values?for?the?Ligands?and?Side?Chains?ofEscherichia?Coli?D-Alanine：D-Alanine?Ligase.J?MedChem，1999.42(1)：p.109-17.
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Claims (33)
1, a kind of electronic device comprises:
At least one passage has
But the channel interior of fill fluid and
Around the electric insulation wall of this channel interior, in use, this channel interior comprises electric charge carrier at least in part,
This electronic device further comprises:
A control electrode, this electrode and described channel interior electric insulation, and contact with described channel interior capacitive character.
2, electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein described in use at least one passage comprises the liquid that wherein has electric charge carrier.
3, electronic device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this electric charge carrier comprises ion.
4, as claim 2 or claim 2 and 3 described electronic devices, wherein this liquid is the aqueous solution.
5, as claim 3 and 4 described electronic devices, wherein this ion comprises salt ion.
6, electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this electric charge carrier comprises electronics.
7, any as described above described electronic device of claim, wherein said at least one passage has:
Feeder connection and
Channel outlet is provided with control electrode at this feeder connection and channel outlet, and each described control electrode all is electrically connected to the control device that is provided with for the electrology characteristic of controlling described feeder connection and outlet.
8, any as described above described electronic device of claim comprises at least two parallel channels.
9, as any described electronic device among claim 8 and the claim 1-7, wherein two parallel channels connect by at least one crossing passage.
10, as any described electronic device among the claim 1-9, at least two in the wherein said control electrode are arranged to toward each other on the opposite side of described passage.
11, electronic device as claimed in claim 10, wherein said at least two relative control electrodes are electrically connected to each other.
12, as any described electronic device among the claim 1-11, at least two in the wherein said control electrode are electrically insulated from each other.
13, as any described electronic device among the claim 1-12, further comprise the control device that is connected to described control electrode communicatedly, the electrology characteristic that this control device is controlled described electrode is set.
14, electronic device as claimed in claim 13, wherein said control device comprises the software programmable device.
15, any as described above described electronic device of claim further comprises the direct electrode (direct electrode) that at least one contacts with described channel interior conduction.
16, electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein when described passage vertically on when observing, described crossing passage is between two adjacent electrodes of at least one described passage.
17, any as described above described electronic device of claim, wherein at least one described electrode is a gate electrode.
18, any as described above described electronic device of claim, wherein at least one passage has the square-section.
19, any as described above described electronic device of claim, wherein at least one passage is straight passage basically.
20, as any described electronic device among the claim 1-18, wherein at least one passage has curved shape.
21, electronic device as claimed in claim 20, wherein said passage are annular.
22, any as described above described electronic device of claim, further comprise: catalyst or reactant materials on the electric insulation wall of described channel interior, during use, this material is positioned at the electric field of at least one described electrode.
23, any as described above described electronic device of claim, at least a portion of wherein said electric insulation wall comprise and have infiltrative material, and by this infiltrative material, reaction or catalytic action product can diffuse out described passage.
24, wherein there is the polymer electrolyte material in any as described above described electronic device of claim in described passage.
25, a kind of integrated circuit comprises described at least one device of any as described above claim.
26, a kind of method of processing signals comprises:
In as claim 1-24 any described device as described at least one of a plurality of control electrodes apply voltage, and
Apply preparation power (preparation force) to the electric charge carrier of described channel interior corresponding to described signal, this power described passage vertically on have component at least.
27, a kind of method that is used for transmitting fluid comprises
The passage of any described device is filled the fluid that comprises electric charge carrier in as claim 1-24, and
In as claim 1-24 as described in any one device as described at least one of a plurality of control electrodes apply voltage, feasible electric field by described at least one control electrode moves described electric charge carrier, and described electric charge carrier is given to their at least a portion energy the kinetic energy of this fluid.
28, a kind of method that is used for the compound of separation of the fluid comprises:
Utilization comprises the fluid of the electric charge carrier with positive charge and negative electrical charge and fills as any described device among the claim 1-24;
At least one first control electrode to this device applies positive voltage;
At least one second control electrode to this device applies negative voltage.
29, a kind of method that is used for separation of the fluid comprises at least one passage that utilizes any described device among fluid filled such as the claim 1-24, and so that voltage difference is controlled described control electrode along the mode that the length of described passage moves.
30, a kind of method that is used to mix at least two kinds of fluids comprises:
With first fluid and second fluid filled at least one passage, apply voltage at least one control electrode, and change the voltage at least one described control electrode as device as described among the claim 1-24 any.
31, the method for a speciogenesis chemical reaction comprises:
Utilize the passage of suitable reactant filling as any described device among the claim 1-24, and
At least one control electrode to this device applies voltage, makes the electrochemical energy of this reactant be increased to the activation energy of this reactant at least.
32, a kind of control device is used for controlling as control electrode as described at least one of any described electronic device of claim 1-24.
33, a kind of computer program comprises program code, and when moving on programming device, this program code is used for carrying out the step as any described method of claim 26-31.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NL2003/000013 WO2004064091A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-01-09 | Liquid based electronic device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1759458A true CN1759458A (en) | 2006-04-12 |
Family
ID=32709973
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN03826129.4A Pending CN1759458A (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-01-09 | Liquid based electronic device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1588389A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1759458A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003303716A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004064091A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102859616A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2013-01-02 | 香港科技大学 | Liquid-electronic hybrid divider |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1769837A (en) * | 1926-02-26 | 1930-07-01 | Gen Electric | Electrolytic rectifier |
| US3273027A (en) * | 1962-09-19 | 1966-09-13 | Johnson Matthey & Mallory Ltd | Three-terminal electrolytic device |
| US4435742A (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1984-03-06 | Ford Motor Company | Electrochemical transistor structure with two spaced electrochemical cells |
| US5946185A (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-08-31 | Fulton; James Thomas | Active electrolytic semiconductor device |
| WO2002091494A1 (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-14 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Switch element having memeory effect |
-
2003
- 2003-01-09 AU AU2003303716A patent/AU2003303716A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-09 EP EP03815146A patent/EP1588389A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-09 CN CN03826129.4A patent/CN1759458A/en active Pending
- 2003-01-09 WO PCT/NL2003/000013 patent/WO2004064091A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102859616A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2013-01-02 | 香港科技大学 | Liquid-electronic hybrid divider |
| CN102859616B (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2015-05-20 | 香港科技大学 | Liquid-electronic hybrid divider |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004064091A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| EP1588389A1 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
| AU2003303716A1 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
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