CN1754025A

CN1754025A - Quick coupling device for tools on excavators or similar machines

Info

Publication number: CN1754025A
Application number: CNA2004800051205A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 克劳迪·埃尔吉多弗
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-01-24
Filing date: 2004-01-21
Publication date: 2006-03-29
Also published as: EP1585866B1; DE602004006958T2; ES2289473T3; ES2230981B1; DE602004006958D1; ATE364756T1; US20060242865A1; EP1585866A1; ES2230981A1; WO2004065699A1; BRPI0406560A

Abstract

Quick coupling device (1, 2) for tools on machines, in particular agricultural, transport, lifting, excavation and soil-shifting machines, characterized in that it comprises an adapter (2) connected to said articulated arm (4) via at least one master pin (7), the adapter (2) being constituted by a substantially flat base (17) and by side walls (10), the outer surface (10) of said side walls (10) having, at least in part, inclined planes converging in the direction in which the adapter (2) is coupled to the tool (3), said adapter (2) having movable fixing means (13), the device also comprising coupling means (1) coupled to the tool (3) comprising rigid hooks (5, 5 ', 6') for receiving the ends of the master pin (7) connecting the adapter (2) and the articulated arm of the machine, and side walls (9), the inner surface (9') of the side wall (9) has at least partially a converging slope matching the slope of the outer surface of the adapter, the side wall also having a perforation (8), said perforation (8) being intended to receive and hold by locking a movable fixing means (13) of the adapter (2) so that in the coupling position a wedge-like or locking action is created between the adapter wall (10) and the tool (3), and the fixing means (13) is guided into the perforation (8) of the side wall (9) of the tool, also positioning the hooks (5, 6) and the perforation (8) in such a way that the tool (3) engages with the adapter (2) in one of two positions rotated 180 ° relative to the vertical axis.

Description

The fast-coupling device that is used for instrument on excavator or the similar machine

Technical field

The present invention relates to particularly such as excavator, backward agricultural, transportation, the lifting the excavator (back-digger) and move on the native machine on the instrument such as scraper bowl, bucket, hammer, anchor clamps, gripper or the like a kind of fast and reversible coupling apparatus.

Background technology

Exist various quick replacings or coupling apparatus as the instrument that moves on the native machine at present.Described device comprises first main body of the binding member that has such as fixed claw, and above-mentioned binding member is clamped on the combination axle of the stub or second main body, and this second main body is separated with the instrument that is attached on the machine.

Some embodiment of known coupling apparatus also use auxiliary removable combining mechanism.The situation in patent ES 2102548 and WO 95/16831 for example.

ES 2102548 has described a kind of fast-coupling device, wherein the displaceable element of first main body is two lock shaft of substantially cylindrical, and their free end is a truncated cone shape, the angle of the opening of angle coupling on the lockplate of second main body of taper, this second main body and instrument are separated, and described lockplate tilts at its rear portion, and its respective ramp with the contact surface of first main body cooperates, thereby helps the contact surface of first and second main bodys to lock together.

WO 95/16831 has the coupling apparatus that also is made of two main bodys, in two main bodys first separate with instrument and second separate with the articulated jib of machine.In an embodiment, one of have in two main bodys in conjunction with axle with when being used to catch pawl on another main body in conjunction with axle, it is the displaceable element of wedge shape that device has on one of main body, itself and the operation that combines with the retaining element on another main body of hook forms work as follows: at binding site, wedge shape moves under hook under the effect of piston etc.

Because employed instrument stands heavy duty work in this class machinery, known coupling apparatus suffers high wear and tears, have to one of in coupling apparatus or their parts frequently change or change for this reason, and machine must stop carrying out any required change, with may destroying or break of the parts of avoiding suffering greatest wear.Therefore the use of described device makes them very more expensive than desired more high price and required maintenance.

The wearing and tearing that suffer on the device and tear particularly by load on the little surface concentrate and different subjects at constituent apparatus between the tolerance or the play that exist cause, and instrument carry out each move all and can have undesired friction, these frictions have reduced the initial setting condition after a period of time, produce moving of not expecting in the coupling of parts.

In addition, the common problem of known embodiment is to be difficult to solve different subjects in conjunction with constituent apparatus (arm of first main body and machine is separated and second main body and instrument are separated), this is because when machine operation person have to during from the pulpit control arm of machine two parts or the main body of coalignment, thus the difficult cause of assembling.When if instrument is parked on jiggly ground or when the instrument gradient is different from the gradient on the ground under the machine, this manipulation difficulty more that becomes, wherein specific instrument will be combined on the articulated jib of above-mentioned machine.

Similarly, in known embodiment, use stub or alignment pin main body to be connected on the end of articulated jib of machine, and described main body and instrument carry out combination via the 3rd stub and other pawl on other main body.The bigger wearing and tearing of this structure production part and tear and increased the weight of fast-coupling device.

At last, known devices is not suitable in the combination of diverse location place, if make with alternate manner combination tool with respect to 180 ° of vertical axis rotations, second instrument that then needs the reverse configuration clamping device, and, therefore cause input bigger on material owing to need this two different instruments.

Also point out not exist machine operation person can know whether main body has correctly combined and whether removable binding member is in the system of the desired location of machine run.

Summary of the invention

For the solution of these problems is provided, the explanation that reaches reversible coupling apparatus fast that is used for instrument on the machine will be provided, above-mentioned machine particularly transports with the lifting machine, moves native machine or such as excavator, the excavation machine excavator or the like backward, described machine comprises articulated jib, at the end of this articulated jib combination tool, the instrument that makes can not move.

This device is characterised in that substantially it comprises:

-be connected to adapter on the described articulated jib via at least one stub, and constitute by flat basically base and sidewall in one of its end, described adapter also has fixed mechanism, and this fixed mechanism vertically moves through described sidewall; And

The mechanism of-combination on instrument, it comprises the sidewall that is used to receive the rigid hooks of stub end and has perforation, above-mentioned perforation is used to receive and pass through the movable fixed mechanism that locking keeps adapter,

The external surface of the sidewall of adapter and/or the inside surface of side wall of combining mechanism have the convergence inclined-plane that is suitable for holding gradually adapter in the combining mechanism of instrument at least in part, make at binding site, the corresponding basic plane surface part or the combining mechanism of the base of adapter and instrument contact, and fixed mechanism is introduced in the perforation of sidewall of instrument.

According to preferred embodiment, the external surface of the sidewall of adapter has the inclined lead surface around the external part of at least one stub, and described surface is taper, has and the corresponding to imaginary axis of the longitudinal axis of stub.

In another preferred embodiment, the external surface of the sidewall of adapter has the inclined-plane of assembling at adapter at least in part on the direction of combination on the instrument, in this scope, the inside surface of side wall of combining mechanism has the convergence inclined-plane that the inclined-plane with the external surface of adapter is complementary at least in part, and this produces wedge shape or locking action at binding site between the inclined surface of the inclined surface of adapter and combining mechanism.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the combining mechanism of instrument comprises four rigid hooks on four ends of the sidewall that is positioned at combining mechanism, the location make stub with described to front hook with describedly all can combine to rear hook, the instrument that makes can and be fixed on the adapter in two diverse location combinations of 180 ° of angles relative to each other.

On each sidewall, preferably have two perforation respect to one another, and it is equidistant and axially align with the movable fixed mechanism of passing the sidewall of adapter with hook on identical wall at binding site, and stub is combined in described in the front hook or described in the rear hook, because the symmetry of perforation location, when mobile, the movable fixed mechanism of adapter is introduced in the described perforation of combining mechanism of instrument, and described combining mechanism is connected at any possible binding site with instrument.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the perforation of the sidewall of instrument has the part that diminishes towards the outside, and this part is complementary with the another part that diminishes towards the outside of fixed mechanism, and said fixing mechanism is contained in these perforated interior during binding site.

In a preferred embodiment, combining mechanism has the mechanism that is used to hold adapter in their front and rear part, these mechanisms have the opposing inclined surface respectively, and the tool end with respect to stub has the coupling chamfering that at least one has inclined surface, make to depend on binding site, can be parked in without any play ground in binding site place chamfering or a plurality of chamfering on the inclined surface of the holding mechanism on being positioned at before or after the combining mechanism partly.

According to another characteristic of the invention, at least one fixed mechanism have its free end from the outside visible bar, make it possible to visually to determine whether retaining element is contained in the inside of respective perforations.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing as just the limiting examples illustration on the machine of two kinds of form embodiment backward excavating tools or be used to meet fast-coupling device on the similar tool of the object of the invention.In described accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the phantom drawing of the device of first kind of form embodiment, and wherein adapter and instrument are taken apart;

Fig. 2 is the front elevation view of installing among Fig. 1, and wherein adapter and instrument are taken apart;

Fig. 3 is the front elevation view of installing among Fig. 1, and wherein adapter and instrument combine;

Fig. 4 by three kinds one of in the sidewall of the combining mechanism that installs among Fig. 1 may variants three front figure constitute;

Fig. 5 and 6 be scraper bowl on the arm of excavator backward two binding sites face side view;

Fig. 7 is the phantom drawing of the present invention second form embodiment, and wherein adapter and instrument are separately;

Fig. 8 is the phantom drawing that installs among Fig. 7, and wherein adapter and instrument are in the process of combination;

Fig. 9 is according to the adapter of the embodiment form of formerly Fig. 7 and 8 and front portion, the schematic illustration of combining mechanism; And

Figure 10 is the phantom drawing that installs among Fig. 7, and wherein adapter and instrument combine, and adapter is in the position with respect to 180 ° of the rotations of the binding site among Fig. 7 and 8 formerly.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 is the phantom drawing of first kind of form embodiment of the device of the object of the invention, and wherein adapter 2 and instrument 3 are taken apart.

This device comprises via stub 7 and 7 ' and is connected to adapter 2 on the articulated jib 4 (shown in Figure 5) of machine, and this adapter 2 is made of base 17 and sidewall 10.

Movable fixed mechanism 13 is on base 17, this movable fixed mechanism 13 makes adapter 2 be firmly bonded to the end of stub 7 to have on any instrument 3 of corresponding combining mechanism 1, and no matter this instrument is as the scraper bowl among Fig. 1, bucket, hammer, anchor clamps, gripper or fork truck jack or the like.

As seeing among Fig. 1, instrument 3 in fact has the combining mechanism 1 that comprises sidewall 9, and the end structure of sidewall 9 is

rigid hooks

5,5 ', 6 and 6 ' shape, and these rigid hooks can receive and clamp the end of stub 7 at least in part.

Similarly, sidewall 9 has the perforation 8a and the 8b that can receive and keep the movable fixed member 13 of adapter 2 by locking.

Perforation

8a and 8b in the position of sidewall 9 and

hook

5,5 ', 6 and 6 ' in the position of sidewall 9 vertical and horizontal symmetry, make that no matter which clasp joint is received the stub 7 of adapter 2 movable mechanism 13 of adapter 2 will be axially aligned with the perforation 8a or the 8b of the sidewall 9 of instrument 3.

In Fig. 1, the hook 5 and 5 ' that is positioned at the same end of sidewall receives the end of stub 7.In this stage, base 17 will be placed on the corresponding surface 17 ' of instrument 3, and fixed mechanism 13 will keep and the perforation 8b of the end opposite of sidewall 9 axially aligns.Similarly, if instrument 3 rotates 180 ° with respect to vertical axis, hook 6 and 6 ' will receive the end of stub 7, and this moment adapter 2 movable fixed mechanism 13 will keep and the end opposite of the most close hook 5 and 5 ' on perforation 8a axially align.

Should pay special attention to the following fact: be used for adapter 2 be connected on the articulated jib 4 stub 7 be used for via hook 5,5 ', the 6 and 6 ' stub that instrument 3 is attached on the adapter identical, this is because in known embodiment, does not exist with different stubs to be used for being attached to converter 2 on the instrument 3 and to be used for described adapter 2 is connected to the situation that mode on the articulated jib 4 of machine is shared stub 7.In apparatus of the present invention, the decreased number of part count and abrasive element, this is the important improvement aspect durability, weight and the effect in known devices.

In Fig. 2, can see the further feature of apparatus of the present invention.In described figure, the front elevation drawing of the combining mechanism 1 of instrument 3 is shown, can see that wherein how sidewall 9 has convergence inclined-plane with respect to the bonding position by the adapter 2 of indicating among Fig. 2 on the shoulders, makes the upper end of wall 9 further separate than their lower end.

Because the wall of instrument 39 is inducted into the guider in the space in two walls 9 of instrument 3 as the sidewall 10 with adapter 2, therefore this location greatly helps the combination between adapter 2 and instrument 3.This greatly helps the former combination that is difficult to carry out the position of this operation of instrument, for example is used for not reposefully on the face and the combination of the instrument 3 of the surface tilt of standing with respect to horizontal surface or with respect to machine.

In addition, the wall 10 of adapter 2 also has the inclined-plane on inclined-plane of the wall 9 of the instrument of being matched with 3, in cohesive process, be created in the automatic assembling between adapter 2 and the instrument 3, in case and combination, when pressure is sent to instrument 3 is scraper bowl in this case, pressure does not ad hoc concentrate on

pawl

5,6 and stub 7 on, but between the

wall

9 and 10 of two main bodys, distribute, in its respective areas of contact 9 ', produce locking action between 10 ', this greatly authorized pressure be distributed on the device, and because make fretting wear and tear minimizing on the little surface, thereby prolong its application life owing to pressure needn't act on or concentrate on.

Should be understood that

sidewall

10 and 9 needn't comprise the convergence inclined-plane fully as long as the external surface 10 ' of inner surface of sidewall 99 ' and their sidewall 10 tilts at least in part.

According to the embodiment of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 a is the sectional view of the sidewall 9 of instrument 3, and wherein whole wall tilts.Fig. 4 b illustrates only second variant of the inner surface 9 ' inclination of sidewall 9, and last Fig. 4 c illustrates the only embodiment of the 3rd form of the part 9 ' inclination of the inner surface of sidewall 9.This back one embodiment illustrates the sidewall 9 with one or several rib that inwardly stretches, and (this is towards opposite sidewall) is the surface 9 ' that the rib on required inclined-plane is shown in this case.Significantly, the external surface 10 ' of sidewall 10 also can be constructed in the mode identical with the inner surface of instrument 3, and the variant of explaining above also is possible.

In Fig. 3, instrument 3 is attached on the adapter 2, and can be directed into the inside of perforation 8b of the sidewall 9 of instrument 3 when the fixed mechanism 13 of adapter vertically moves through wall 10.When this took place, transmission was identical entity by the mobile instrument 3 that is transmitted to of the adapter 2 of the articulated jib 4 (shown in Fig. 5 and 6) of machine as it.

Perforation 8 can have various multi-form, is used for they are inserted inner but form of ownership must meet the shape of fixed mechanism 13.Thereby bore a hole 8 and fixed mechanism 13 can both have circle or polygonal cross section, and also can become littler, generation wedge effect in the time of in fixed component 13 being inducted into perforation 8 towards the outside.

Embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings can be by the mobile fixed mechanism 13 of effect of hydraulic system 12, and this hydraulic system 12 comprises at least two pistons 14 that activated by electronic valve.In this way, can control moving of fixed mechanism 13 Anywhere from the pulpit of machine or from what have hydraulic fluid or an electrical communication with hydraulic system 12.

This system also will have maintaining valve, be used under the situation of hydraulic system loss pressure fixed mechanism 13 being remained on 8 inside of boring a hole.

Significantly, the actuating mechanism of retaining element 13 also can be machinery or or even manual, and can be in conjunction with safety device to stop the position of fixed mechanism 13 in

perforation

8a or 8b inside.

As safety element, in the end opposite of the end of stub 7, the sidewall 10 of adapter 2 is the shape of hook 18, depend on binding site, that it is opened or eye portion is consistent with

hook

5 and 5 ' or 6 or 6 ' at binding site, allow safe stub to pass them, connect adapter 2 and instrument 3.If necessary, hook structure 18 means that also hook can be used as hoist hook.Make and hold adapter to hang by supporting cable by opening of they.

Fig. 5 and 6 illustrates the arm 4 of excavator backward or similar machine, fixing respectively at its end adapter 2 via stub 7 and 7 ', and wherein be attached on the adapter at two diverse location places that rotate 180 ° according to empty axis of rotation 19 respectively relative to each other for the instrument 3 of scraper bowl in this case.

Embodiment in second form of the fast-coupling device that is used for the instrument on excavator or the similar machine shown in Fig. 7,8 and 9.In described accompanying drawing, in order to simplify, with respect to the description of the embodiment of first form among Fig. 1 to 6, use identical Reference numeral to indicate identical or similar assembly.

Can see among Fig. 7 that device comprises via stub 7 and 7 ' and is connected to adapter 2 on the articulated jib of machine, and this adapter 2 is made of flat basically base 17 and sidewall 10.The end of stub 7 that is positioned at the front end place of adapter 2 will be by the front hook 5 of the combining mechanism 1 of instrument 3,5 ' or received and partly clamped by the rear hook 6,6 ' of the combining mechanism 1 of instrument 3.In this way, and the mode identical with the embodiment of front, because instrument 3 can use combining mechanism 1 to be attached on the adapter 2 in two positions of all rotating 180 ° with respect to empty vertical axis 19, therefore device is reversible.

In Fig. 7, wherein adapter 2 and instrument 3 separate, and also can see for adapter 2 combining mechanisms 1 having the

holding mechanism

21,21 ' and 22,22 ' that lays respectively on its front and rear part.Described holding mechanism is included as the protrusion extension of prismatic wedges form.These prismatic wedges have inclined surface 24, the direct relatively inclined surface of the end opposite of combining mechanism 1 of the inclined surface of wedge shape forward, and anterior by this wedge shape 21,21 ' described inclined surface are towards the inclined surface of rear portion wedge shape 22,22 ' correspondence.When adapter 2 carry out in conjunction with the time, this feature makes and is parked on the described inclined surface in contrast to the end of the adapter 2 of stub 7, and adapter 2 is stressed to be moved towards its front end, makes stub 7 pack in the hook of locking mechanism securely and the appropriate section of base 17 contacts with the flat basically surface 17 ' of instrument 3 or combining mechanism 1.

In order to improve the effect that produces by

wedge shape

21,21 ' and 22,22 ' inclined surface, adapter 2 has corresponding chamfering on each of its sidewall 10, has the inclined-plane that the inclined-plane with wedge shape is complementary, make the position depend on combination, the binding site chamfering without any play be parked on the inclined-plane of front portion or rear portion wedge shape.

In Fig. 8, the end of stub 7 introduce hook 5 and 5 ' and rear portion wedge shape 22 and 22 ' also do not support by the chamfering 23 of adapter 2.In the figure, can see that movable fixed mechanism 13 is positioned at respect to stub 7 and 7 ' same distance place, and the perforation 8 of the sidewall 9 of combining mechanism 1 is in respect to front hook 5,5 ' and rear hook 6,6 ' distance.In this way, when vertically moving through the wall 10 of adapter, can insert the fixed mechanism 13 of adapter in the perforation 8 of sidewall 9 of combining mechanism 1, so that the position of pipe jointing is not with the instrument that moves to 3 of the mode transmission adapter 2 identical with the first form embodiment.

By the identical shape of the fixed mechanism that has and diminish 13 towards the outside, in order to mate part with perforation 8, when introducing fixed mechanism in the jack, produce wedge effect, this forces in adapter 2 and moves towards instrument 3, and because the effect (location of depending on combination in Fig. 6 and 7) of wedge shape 22 and 22 ' inclined surface, adapter 2 is also stressed to be moved on the direction of its front end, guarantees the correct combination between self and instrument 3.

As can seeing among Fig. 9, and be different from the embodiment of first form, the inner surface of the wall 9 of combining mechanism does not all tilt and perpendicular to the surface 17 ' of instrument 3.Yet for combination and the help that guides adapter is inducted into it between wall 9 of combining mechanism 1, the external surface of the sidewall 10 of adapter 2 has inclined lead surface 10 '.In the example that provides in the accompanying drawings, described guiding surface is located around the external part of stub 7 and 7 ', and is taper, and its imaginary axis is consistent with the longitudinal axis of stub.In this way, in cohesive process, no matter with respect to the inclination of the adapter 2 of instrument 3, and the wall 9 contacted guiding surfaces 10 ' of combining mechanism are being assembled on the bonding position and as guaranteeing correctly to guide adapter 2 to enter guider between the described wall 9.

In Figure 10, wherein adapter 2 is attached on the instrument 3 via combining mechanism 1, can see that the inventor also has at least one perforation 25 for adapter 2 provides, in being placed on the height of rear portion stub 7 ' and one of being in the sidewall 10, it communicates the upper surface of described wall 10 with the perforation that is used to hold stub 7 '.This stub 7 ' has self corresponding perforation of axially aligning with perforation 25, makes it possible to hold the end of safe stub that the perforation 25 of adapter 2 is passed in guiding.In this way, the safe stub that adapter is connected on the mechanical arm 4 of machine prevents that stub 7 ' from moving, and fixes its position in adapter 2.

Simultaneously in Figure 10, adapter 2 is attached on the instrument 3 in the position of rotating 180 ° with respect to the binding site shown in prior figures 7 and 8, and do not need can be adjusted to new binding site with its combining mechanism another change or replacement instrument 3.Use identical adapter 2 and identical instrument 3, the latter can be in the combination of diverse location place, greatly improve other known devices the content that can provide.

Claims

1, the fast-coupling device that is used for instrument on the machine (3), particularly agricultural, transportation, the lifting of above-mentioned machine, excavate and move native machine, described machine comprises articulated jib (4), in conjunction with immovable instrument (3), it is characterized in that it comprises in the end of this articulated jib (4):

-be connected to adapter (2) on the described articulated jib (4) via at least one stub (7), and constitute by flat basically base (17) and sidewall (10) in one of its end, described adapter (2) also has fixed mechanism (13), and this fixed mechanism (13) vertically moves through described sidewall (10); And

-combining mechanism (1) on instrument (3), it comprises the rigid hooks (5,5 ', 6,6 ') that is used to receive stub (7) end and has perforation (8) sidewall (9), described perforation (8) is used for receiving and keeping by locking the movable fixed mechanism (13) of adapter (2)

The inner surface (9 ') of the external surface (10 ') of the sidewall (10) of adapter (2) and/or the sidewall (9) of combining mechanism (1) has the convergence inclined-plane that is suitable for holding gradually adapter (2) in the combining mechanism (1) of instrument (3) at least in part, make at binding site, the corresponding basic plane surface part or the combining mechanism (1) of the base (17) of adapter (2) and instrument (3) contact, and fixed mechanism (13) is introduced in the perforation (8) of sidewall (9) of instrument (3).

2, device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the external surface of the sidewall (10) of adapter (2) has around the inclined lead surface (10 ') of the external part of at least one stub (7,7 '), described surface is taper, has the corresponding to imaginary axis of longitudinal axis with stub (7,7 ').

3, device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the external surface (10 ') of the sidewall (10) of adapter (2) has at least in part at instrument (3) goes up the inclined-plane of assembling on the direction in conjunction with adapter (2), in this scope, the inner surface (9 ') of the sidewall (9) of combining mechanism (1) has the convergence inclined-plane that the inclined-plane with the external surface (10 ') of adapter (2) is complementary at least in part, and this produces wedge shape or locking action at binding site between the inclined surface of the inclined surface of adapter and combining mechanism.

4, as the described device of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, the combining mechanism (1) of instrument (3) comprises four rigid hooks (5,5 ', 6,6 ') on four ends of the sidewall (9) that is positioned at combining mechanism (1), position make stub (7) with described to front hook (5,5 ') with describedly all can combine to rear hook (6,6 '), make instrument (3) and to be fixed on the adapter (2) in two diverse location combinations of 180 ° of angles relative to each other.

5, as the described device of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, on each sidewall (9), have two perforation respect to one another (8), and go up with hook is equidistant and axially align at binding site and the movable fixed mechanism (13) of passing the sidewall (10) of adapter (2) at identical wall (9), and stub (7) is combined in described to front hook (5,5 ') interior or described to rear hook (6,6 ') in, because the symmetry of perforation (8) location, when mobile, the movable fixed mechanism (13) of adapter (2) is introduced in the described perforation (8) of combining mechanism (1) of instrument (3), and described combining mechanism (2) is connected at any possible binding site with instrument (3).

6, device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the perforation (8) of the sidewall (10) of instrument (3) has the part that diminishes towards the outside, this part is complementary with the another part that diminishes towards the outside of fixed mechanism (13), and said fixing mechanism (13) is contained in these perforated interior during binding site.

7, as the described device of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, combining mechanism (1) has the mechanism that is used to hold adapter (2) in their front and rear part, these mechanisms have the opposing inclined surface respectively, and the end with respect to the instrument (2) of stub (7) has the coupling chamfering that at least one has inclined surface, make to depend on binding site, can be parked in without any play ground in binding site place chamfering or a plurality of chamfering on the inclined surface of the holding mechanism on being positioned at before or after the combining mechanism (1) partly.

8, as the described device of each claim of front, it is characterized in that, at least one fixed mechanism (13) have its free end from the outside visible bar (16), make it possible to visually to determine whether retaining element (13) is contained in the inside of respective perforations (8).