CN1731611A - Fuel battery generating system with hydrogen gas intermittence safety bleeder - Google Patents

Fuel battery generating system with hydrogen gas intermittence safety bleeder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1731611A
CN1731611A CNA2004100534630A CN200410053463A CN1731611A CN 1731611 A CN1731611 A CN 1731611A CN A2004100534630 A CNA2004100534630 A CN A2004100534630A CN 200410053463 A CN200410053463 A CN 200410053463A CN 1731611 A CN1731611 A CN 1731611A
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hydrogen
air
fuel cell
pipe
power generation
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CN100361334C (en
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胡里清
夏建伟
郭伟良
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Co
Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell generating system with hydrogen intermittent safty blowoff which comprises fuel cell heap, hydrogen storing device, pressure relief valve, air filtering device, air compressing device, hydrogen vapor separator, air vapor separator, water tank, fluid cooling circulation pump, heat sink, hydrogen circulation pump, hydrogen humidification device, stable voltage valve, magnetic valve for blowing hydrogen and water, one-way valve; in the air vapor separator is equipped with air drain pipe; the one-way valve is equipped on the continuation pipe of the magnetic valve for blowing hydrogen and water; pipes continuous to the one-way valve are extended to the air drain pipes.

Description

Fuel cell power generation system with hydrogen intermittent safety discharge device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell, in particular to a fuel cell power generation system with a hydrogen intermittent safety discharge device.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemicalreaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets andoutlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a movable and fixed power generation device.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a vehicle power system, a ship power system or a mobile and fixed power station, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell must comprise a cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply system, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, an automatic control part and an electric energy output part.
Fig. 1 is a fuel cell power generation system, and 1 in fig. 1 is a fuel cell stack; 2 is a hydrogen storage bottle or other hydrogen storage devices; 3 is a pressure reducing valve; 4 is an air filtering device; 5 is an air compression supply device; 6 is a hydrogen water-steam separator, 6' is an air water-steam separator; 7 is a water tank; 8 is a cooling fluid circulating pump; 9 is a radiator; 10 is a hydrogen circulating pump; 11. 12 is a humidifying device; 13 is a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve; and 14 is a water discharge and hydrogen discharge electromagnetic valve.
In order to ensure the stability of the operation performance of the fuel cell power generation system, the hydrogen fuel supply and circulation loop subsystem of the fuel cell power generation system must ensure that the fuel hydrogen with high purity is uniformly and sufficiently supplied to each single cell in the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell power generation system. And moreover, water is not blocked in the hydrogen guide groove at the hydrogen side of each single cell. In order to achieve the above purpose, the current technology uses a drain, hydrogen discharge solenoid valve 14, as shown in fig. 1, which is opened once every certain time interval to ensure the following functional functions:
(1) the hydrogen side drainage in the fuel cell stack is facilitated, and the water blockage is prevented. Because the hydrogen side hydrogen operating pressure in the fuel cell stack is higher than the external atmospheric pressure when the solenoid valve 14 is open, the hydrogen outlet hydrogen of the fuel cell stack will be discharged from the solenoid valve at a faster flow rate and carry water out of the hydrogen side of the stack and the water separator.
(2) Generally, the fuel hydrogen purity cannot be 100%. Mainly contains a trace amount of impurity gases such as nitrogen. When the fuel cell power generation system is operated for a long time, since a certain amount of impurity gas is accumulated due to the input and long-time circulation of a large amount of hydrogen gas, and the concentration of the accumulated impurity gas becomes higher as the operation time becomes longer, which is disadvantageous for the stability of the performance of the fuel cell power generation system, the electromagnetic valve 14 also needs to be opened to discharge a certain amount of impurity gas contained in the hydrogen gas.
At present, the duration of the opening of the electromagnetic valve 14 is generally 0.1-2 seconds, so the discharged hydrogen quantity is large. It is dangerous to vent the hydrogen directly into the atmosphere. When the initiation energy exceeds that of hydrogen explosion around the discharge, explosion and combustion in the atmosphere are caused. Due to the low initiation energy of hydrogen, any pyrotechnical or electrostatic charges can cause the above-mentioned accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a fuel cell power generation system with a hydrogen intermittent safety discharge device, which has a reasonable structure and is safe to use.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell power generation system with a hydrogen intermittent safety discharge device comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a pressure reducing valve, an air filtering device, an air compression supply device, a hydrogen water-vapor separator, an air water-vapor separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen humidifying device, an air humidifying device, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve and a water discharge and hydrogen discharge electromagnetic valve, wherein the air water-vapor separator is provided with an air discharge pipe.
The check valve is a low air resistance check valve.
The subsequent pipe of the one-way valve extends vertically and is inserted into the air discharge pipe.
The end of the said one-way valve subsequent pipe inserted into the air discharge pipe is provided with an elbow which faces the air flow direction in the air discharge pipe.
The subsequent pipeline of the one-way valve extends into the air discharge pipe at an acute angle with the air flow direction in the air discharge pipe.
The air discharge pipe has a diameter much larger than the diameter of the subsequent pipe of the one-way valve extending in.
The water discharge and hydrogen discharge electromagnetic valve is opened when the fuel cell power generation system is in operation and after a large amount of air is discharged from the air discharge pipe.
The invention adopts the technical scheme, so that the discharge of hydrogen does not cause any explosion andcombustion accidents, and the safe operation is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art fuel cell power generation system;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen intermittent safety discharge device in the system of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a fuel cell power generation system with hydrogen intermittent safety discharge device comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen storage device 2, a pressure reducing valve 3, an air filtering device 4, an air compression supply device 5, a hydrogen water-steam separator 6, an air water-steam separator 6 ', a water tank 7, a cooling fluid circulating pump 8, a radiator 9, a hydrogen circulating pump 10, a hydrogen humidifying device 11, an air humidifying device 12, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve 13, a water discharge and hydrogen discharge electromagnetic valve 14 and a low air resistance one-way valve 15, wherein the air water-steam separator 6' is provided with an air discharge pipe 16, the one-way valve 15 is arranged on a pipe 17 continuing behind the water discharge and hydrogen discharge electromagnetic valve 14, the one-way valve 15 is followed by a pipe 18, and the pipe 18 vertically extends into the air discharge pipe 16 of the air-steam separator.
In this embodiment, the solenoid valve 14, the check valve 15 and the pipe extending into the air discharge pipe 16 are all stainless steel pipeshaving a pipe diameter of 10mm, and the air discharge pipe 16 is also a stainless steel pipe having a pipe diameter of 60 mm. The solenoid valve 14 was discharged every 5 minutes for a duration of 1 second. Through tests, the flame is placed at the tail end of the air discharge pipe, and combustion and explosion do not occur under any conditions.
This embodiment continues the pipe after the hydrogen discharge solenoid valve and then provides a check valve 15 with a small resistance, which continues a further length of pipe after the check valve and extends into the air discharge pipe in the fuel cell power generation system. Generally, the diameter of the air discharge pipe is much larger than the diameter of the hydrogen discharge pipe extending into the air discharge pipe, so that the air discharge pipe does not affect the air discharge and does not form flow resistance of the air discharge.
The hydrogen gas discharge solenoid valve is possible to be opened only when the fuel cell power generation system is operating. That is, any opening to discharge hydrogen causes a large amount of excess wet air and a large amount of wet nitrogen and liquid water from which oxygen is removed to be discharged from the air discharge pipe in the fuel cell power generation system, and when hydrogen is discharged into such wet nitrogen having a very low oxygen concentration, not only the hydrogen concentration is diluted quickly by the above-mentioned mixed gas flowing at a high speed, but also combustion and explosion are not caused due to the low oxygen concentration when any explosive or detonation condition is encountered.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a fuel cell power generation system with an intermittent safety hydrogen discharge device is constructed substantially in the same manner as in example 1 except that the end of the check valve 15 subsequent to the pipe 18 inserted into the air discharge pipe 16 is provided with a bend 19, the bend 19 being directed toward the direction of air flow in the air discharge pipe (the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 2).
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a fuel cell power generation system with an intermittent safety hydrogen discharge device has a structure substantially the same as that of example 1 except that a subsequent pipe 18 of a check valve 15 is inserted into an air discharge pipe 16 (not shown) so as to extend at an acute angle of 60 degrees or 30 degrees with respect to the air flow direction in the air discharge pipe 16.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a 50 kw fuel cell power generation system with an intermittent safety hydrogen discharge device is used as an engine for a fuel cell vehicle. The power generation system of the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of embodiment 1. The electromagnetic valve 14, the check valve 15 and the pipe extending into the air discharge pipe 16 are all stainless steel pipes with a pipe diameter of 10mm, and the air discharge pipe 16 is also a stainless steel pipe with a pipe diameter of 60 mm. The solenoid valve 14 was discharged every 8 minutes for a duration of 1.5 seconds. Through tests, the flame is placed at the tail end of the air discharge pipe, and combustion and explosion do not occur under any conditions.

Claims (7)

1. A fuel cell power generation system with a hydrogen intermittent safety discharge device comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a pressure reducing valve, an air filtering device, an air compression supply device, a hydrogen water-vapor separator, an air water-vapor separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen humidifying device, an air humidifying device, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve and a water discharge and hydrogen discharge electromagnetic valve, wherein the air water-vapor separator is provided with an air discharge pipe.
2. The fuel cell power generation system with an intermittent safety vent of hydrogen as claimed in claim 1, wherein said check valve is a low air-resistance check valve.
3. The fuel cell power generation system with hydrogen intermittent safety vent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the subsequent pipe of the check valve is inserted into the air vent pipe in a vertically extending manner.
4. The fuel cell power generation system with hydrogen intermittent safety vent as claimed in claim 3, wherein the end of the check valve subsequent pipe inserted into the air vent pipe is provided with a bend facing the air flow direction in the air vent pipe.
5. The fuel cell power generation system with an intermittent safety vent for hydrogen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the subsequent conduit of the check valve is inserted into the air vent pipe so as to extend at an acute angle to the direction of air flow in the air vent pipe.
6. The fuel cell power generation system with an intermittent safety vent of hydrogen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air vent pipe has a diameter substantially larger than the diameter of the subsequent pipe extending into the check valve.
7. The fuel cell power generation system with an intermittent safety vent of hydrogen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water discharge and hydrogen discharge solenoid valve is opened when the fuel cell power generation system is in operation and after a large amount of air is discharged from the air discharge pipe.
CNB2004100534630A 2004-08-04 2004-08-04 Fuel battery generating system with hydrogen gas intermittence safety bleeder Active CN100361334C (en)

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CN100361334C CN100361334C (en) 2008-01-09

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100463278C (en) * 2007-04-27 2009-02-18 新源动力股份有限公司 Fuel batter system with proton exchange film used for high-performance vehicle and ship
CN101450280B (en) * 2007-11-30 2011-11-16 同济大学 Dehydrogenation purification treatment system and method for treating fuel cell car tail-gas
CN101431163B (en) * 2007-10-30 2012-01-25 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 Anode bleed flow detection and remedial actions
CN101657925B (en) * 2007-04-18 2012-11-21 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel cell system
CN103633355A (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-03-12 济南开发区星火科学技术研究院 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell by use of air
CN106169592A (en) * 2016-08-30 2016-11-30 绍兴俊吉能源科技有限公司 Gravity ball moisture trap

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6558827B1 (en) * 2001-02-26 2003-05-06 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc High fuel utilization in a fuel cell
CN1180500C (en) * 2001-04-27 2004-12-15 上海神力科技有限公司 Fuel cell capable of utilizing hydrogen and oxidant fully
TW553500U (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-09-11 Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Tech Liquid cooling type fuel battery device
CN2577451Y (en) * 2002-09-18 2003-10-01 上海神力科技有限公司 Air-conveying device capable of improving operation performance of fuel cell
CN2720652Y (en) * 2004-08-04 2005-08-24 上海神力科技有限公司 Fuel-cell generating system with hydrogen intermittent safety discharging device

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101657925B (en) * 2007-04-18 2012-11-21 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel cell system
CN100463278C (en) * 2007-04-27 2009-02-18 新源动力股份有限公司 Fuel batter system with proton exchange film used for high-performance vehicle and ship
CN101431163B (en) * 2007-10-30 2012-01-25 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 Anode bleed flow detection and remedial actions
CN101450280B (en) * 2007-11-30 2011-11-16 同济大学 Dehydrogenation purification treatment system and method for treating fuel cell car tail-gas
CN103633355A (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-03-12 济南开发区星火科学技术研究院 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell by use of air
CN106169592A (en) * 2016-08-30 2016-11-30 绍兴俊吉能源科技有限公司 Gravity ball moisture trap

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Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China

Address before: 201401, Shanghai Industrial Development Zone, dragon Yang Industrial Park, an international 27

Patentee before: Shanghai Shen-Li High Tech Co., Ltd.