CN1647874A - Method to make sinter-hardened powder metal parts with complex shapes - Google Patents

Method to make sinter-hardened powder metal parts with complex shapes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1647874A
CN1647874A CNA2005100518454A CN200510051845A CN1647874A CN 1647874 A CN1647874 A CN 1647874A CN A2005100518454 A CNA2005100518454 A CN A2005100518454A CN 200510051845 A CN200510051845 A CN 200510051845A CN 1647874 A CN1647874 A CN 1647874A
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China
Prior art keywords
weight
briquetting
described method
grinding
powder
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Pending
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CNA2005100518454A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
K·徐
R·孙
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BorgWarner Inc
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Abstract

A method of producing parts from powdered metals is disclosed, comprising the following steps. A metallurgical powder is provided, consisting of iron, 0.3-1.0 weight percent carbon, 0-4 weight percent chromium, 0-3 weight percent copper, 0.5-1.5 weight percent molybdenum, 0.5-4.5 weight percent nickel, 0-1.0 weight percent manganese, and 0-1.5 weight percent silicon. Metal powders are made by atomization and mixing. The powder metal parts are made by compacting, pre-sintering, profile/form grinding, sinter furnace hardening, and secondary operations. Profile/form grinding generates profiles, which can not be formed by compaction tooling, such as undercut. The specific pre-sinter cycle makes parts strong enough for profile grinding with prolonged tool life. Powder metal parts made by this invention are also disclosed.

Description

A kind of preparation has the method for the sinter-hardening powder metalwork of complicated shape
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of metallurgy, more precisely, the present invention relates to from metallurgical powder manufactured materials method, this metallurgical powder comprises iron, carbon, nickel, molybdenum and a kind of composition of being made up of chromium, copper, manganese and silicon.
Background technology
Sinter-hardened is a kind of technology that is used to produce the material of high martensite content, and this technology does not adopt traditional Technology for Heating Processing, solidifies as box heat treatment or induction.This sinter-hardened technology comprises following step: under hot conditions briquetting is carried out sintering, at the end cool off this briquetting rapidly to form martensite in the sintering furnace sclerosis then.
The process that much is used to produce the sinter-hardening powder metalwork has all obtained patent, and these processes all comprise this operation of presintering.
The presintering metallurgical material is disclosed in the patent (US4595556) that people such as Umeha obtained the authorization on June 17th, 1986 " a kind of technology of producing camshaft ".And people such as Umeha disclose a kind of method of producing the parts that are fit to be installed to camshaft.After the presintering step, can before sinter-hardened, these parts be installed on the axle rightly.The briquetting of this briquetting after than presintering is axially short 50%.
The patent (US5049183) " sintered mechanical part and method " that people such as Saka obtained the authorization on September 17th, 1991 discloses method like the physiognomies such as a kind of and Umeha, and wherein, presintering makes the accuracy of product size higher.Briquetting is suppressed through after the presintering again.This method is particularly useful for producing the axle center of the sychronisation of motorcycle.
The patent (US5659873) that Seyrkammer obtained the authorization on August 19th, 1997 " a kind of production is used to connect the method for the cam of camshaft " also discloses a kind of method that comprises the presintering step.This method is to be used to produce a kind of cam that is used to connect camshaft.The presintering operation allows cam to be manufactured required profile again, but this profile may be changed in quenching and tempering stage.
The patent (US5659955) that Plamper obtained the authorization on August 26th, 1997 " the helical gear method of a kind of metal that makes powder ", adopt presintering to produce the powdered-metal blank, this blank obtains having the helical gear of axial angle greater than 35 degree by cold rolling production.And the metal dust pressing process of standard can not be used for the bigger helical gear of production axial angle.
People such as Shivanath also disclose in the patent (US5729822) " gear " of obtaining the authorization on March 17th, 1998 gear have been carried out presintering, gear is finally heated in vacuum drying oven with carburizing before, it is rolled.The travelling gear that this method can be produced has the hard durable top layer, and hard, the core of anti-fracture, the flexibility maximization that travelling gear be can bear.
People such as Shivanath have described a kind of technology that the high density parts are shaped in the patent (U85881354) " high-density sintered and forming technology " of obtaining the authorization on March 9th, 1999, wherein the briquetting of presintering has carried out spheroidising before secondary heat treatment.The nodularization step comprises and adds hot wafering and briquetting is carried out pressure-sizing or mold pressing.Thereby this technology can reduce the endurance that the surface oxidation degree improves sintered component.
At last, people such as Cadle disclose in the patent (US6148685) " duplex of sprocket/gear and manufacture method thereof " of obtaining the authorization on November 21st, 2000 and have adopted two kinds of metallurgical powder mixtures to come the production sprocket, a kind of mixture is used for tooth portion, and another kind is used for main body.These two kinds of powder metallurgies have the performance that adapts to the requirement of finished product local function.Sintered body can carry out machined.
Aspect engine and transmission application, some sprocket have many toothrows, and this can not obtain by simple compacting.Need carry out secondary machine, the heat treatment after the machined is induction hardening or box heat treatment normally.Though prior art makes the powdered metal parts moulding by comprising the presintering step with limited mode, this area still needs a kind of effective method with the more complicated powdered metal parts of production shape.
Summary of the invention
This disclosure of the Invention a kind of method of producing parts from powdered-metal, may further comprise the steps.A kind of metallurgical powder is provided, and it is by iron, 0.3-1.0 weight % carbon, and 0-4 weight % chromium, 0-3 weight % copper, 0.5-1.5 weight % molybdenum, 0.5-4.5 weight % nickel, 0-1.0 weight % manganese and 0-1.5 weight % silicon are formed.Metal dust is made by metal dusting and mixing.Powder metal component passes through compacting, presintering, and profile/form grinding, sintering furnace sclerosis and secondary operations are made.Profile/form grinding is to form profile, and this can not form by press process such as undercutting.It is enough soft again simultaneously so that thereby easy grinding prolongs the life-span of grinding tool to bear form grinding that the specific presintering cycle makes parts have enough intensity.The powdered metal parts of making by this invention is also disclosed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for making the process chart of the sinter-hardened metal parts with complex appearance.
The specific embodiment
Metal dust is by efflorescence and be mixed and made into.This granular materials is by iron, 0.3-1.0 weight % carbon, and 0-4 weight % chromium, 0-3 weight % copper, 0.5-1.5 weight % molybdenum, 0.5-4.5 weight % nickel, 0-1.0 weight % manganese and 0-1.5 weight % silicon constitute.Table 1 has been listed each components contents scope of this granular materials.This powder has good sinter-hardened performance.
Table 1: each the constituent content scope that is used to form the metallurgical powder of complicated shape
Element Iron Carbon Chromium Copper Molybdenum Nickel Manganese Silicon
New powder Surplus 0.3-1.0 ??0-4 ??0-3 ??0.5-1.5 ??0.5-4.5 ??0-1.0 ??0-1.5
Process chart as shown in Figure 1.Metallurgical powder is pressed (1) under the pressure of 30-65 ton/square inch, green density is 6.5-7.25g/cm 3Green component is to carry out presintering (2) under 1400-2000 °F in temperature.The presintering time is 20-60 minute.For making different microstructures such as pearlite, ferrite+pearlite and bainite, cooling velocity is that 10/min to 120/min does not wait.When cooling velocity during, formation is difficult to mach martensite greater than 120/min.(10/min) mainly obtain the pearlite microstructure of slower cooling velocities.The nodularization pearlite is suitable for machined most.Briquetting cool to room temperature or near room temperature.Temperature and cooling velocity by control presintering can obtain accurate microstructure.Presintering can make powder metal component obtain to bear the intensity of profile/form grinding (3).The specific presintering cycle also can make the pellet hardness in the parts reduce, and is used for the life-span of the grinding tool of profile/form grinding step with prolongation.
Profile/form grinding utilizes superabrasive tool to form profile and concrete geometric profile.This technology is also referred to as superfinishing processing (SAM).After presintering, adopt profile/moulding to grind producing various complicated shapes such as many toothrows and undercutting tooth, and this is to be difficult to make by traditional powdered-metal drawing method and single-point machined.The complexity of shape only is subject to the size and the accuracy of profile and profile equipment for grinding.
After the grinding, parts carry out sintering furnace sclerosis (4).The sintering furnace curing condition is as follows: sintering temperature is 2000-2400 °F, and sintering time is 20-80 minute, and cooling velocity is 120-450/min.Last heat treatment makes to contain in the final powdered metal parts and surpasses 90% martensite, and a spot of retained austenite, pearlite, and bainite.Tempering, deburring and other secondary operations (5) can be selected to adopt according to final performance need.
The present invention is hardened (4) before at profile/form grinding (3) and sintering furnace, adopts the special presintering cycle (2).The presintering part has that enough intensity is born profile/form grinding and can be broken or cracked.In a single operation, utilize profile/form grinding (SAM) to process profile and concrete geometric shape.This method allows to use littler pressure of the sintered part more general than grinding and bigger charging rate to carry out profile/form grinding.The problem that the present invention is brought in the time of can avoiding simultaneously the powdered metal parts of grinding sclerosis.
Embodiment: the double-stranded gear of the powdered-metal that uses in the gearbox
Double-stranded gear has two toothrows, has a phase angle between two toothrows.The design of double-stranded gear is disclosed in the patent (US5427580) " chain component of phasing " of obtaining the authorization June 27 nineteen ninety-five people such as Ledvina.This sprocket is the part in the chain drive system, and this chain drive system is the front-wheel drive transmission that is used for automobile.The advantage of double-stranded gear is to reduce noise in the running.The consideration of material development aspect comprises hardness/wear resistance and good hardenability.
In one embodiment of the invention, will comprise iron, 2 weight % copper, 0.8 weight % carbon, 1.4 weight % nickel, the material of 1.25 weight % molybdenums and 0.42 weight % manganese was suppressed with 45 tons/square inch pressure, 1650 presintering 30 minutes.Parts after the presintering cool off with the speed of 25/min.Then, with the wheel grinding parts of superhard shaping,, a ditch is arranged in the middle of two toothrows to produce two toothrows.Behind profile/form grinding, parts carry out 30 minutes sintering furnace sclerosis under 2070 temperature conditions.After the sintering furnace sclerosis, parts cool off with the speed of 150/min.Carry out the such secondary operations of deburring then.
Therefore, be appreciated that the specific embodiment described here only is the illustrative application of the principle of the invention.Involved details is as the restriction of claim scope in the present embodiment, and the described feature of claim itself can be considered essential place of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1, a kind of method of producing parts by powdered-metal comprises following steps:
A) provide a kind of metallurgical powder, it comprises: iron, 0.3-1.0 weight % carbon, 0-4.0 weight % chromium, 0-3.0 weight % copper, 0.5-1.5 weight % molybdenum, 0.5-4.5 weight % nickel, 0-1.0 weight % manganese and 0-1.5 weight % silicon, and percentage by weight is that calculate on the basis with the total weight of powder;
B) with the pressure of 30-65 ton/square inch this metallurgical powder is suppressed so that briquetting to be provided;
C) briquetting is heated to 1400-2000 °F, heated 20-60 minute;
D) cool off briquetting with the speed of 10-120/min;
E) the grinding briquetting is to produce concrete geometric jacquard patterning unit surface profile;
F) briquetting is heated to 2000-2400 °F, heated 20-80 minute; With
G) cool off briquetting with the speed of 120-450/min.
2, the described method of claim 1, wherein said parts are sprocket.
3, the described method of claim 2, the tooth density of wherein said sprocket is 6.7g/cc to 7.2g/cc.
4, the described method of claim 1, wherein said metallurgical powder is pressed in step b), and forming density is the briquetting of 6.5g/cc-7.25g/cc.
5, the described method of claim 1, wherein said briquetting cools off in step d), so that its microstructure is mainly pearlite, ferrite+pearlite or bainite.
6, the described method of claim 1 is form grinding or contour grinding in the grinding described in the step d) wherein.
7, the described method of claim 1 wherein is ground at the briquetting described in the step e), is selected from zigzag, tooth root undercut and conical surfaces geometry with formation.
8, the described method of claim 1, wherein this method also comprises another step after step g), is about to briquetting and is heated to 300-1000 °F, be 30-90 minute heat time heating time.
9, the described method of claim 8, the briquetting that wherein makes are that microstructure contains greater than 90% martensite, 0-3% pearlite and retained austenite less than 7% tempering briquetting.
10, a kind of method by the powdered-metal manufacture component comprises following steps:
A) provide a kind of metallurgical powder, it comprises: iron, and 0.8 weight % carbon, 2.0 weight % copper, 1.25 weight % molybdenums, 1.4 weight % nickel and 0.42 weight % manganese, percentage by weight are that calculate on the basis with the total weight of powder;
B) under 45 tons/square inch pressure, suppress this metallurgical powder to form briquetting;
C) add hot wafering to 1650, be 30 minutes heat time heating time;
D) with the speed of 25/min briquetting is cooled off;
E) the grinding briquetting to be forming two toothrows, and has one ditch in the middle of two toothrows;
F) add hot wafering to 2070, be 30 minutes heat time heating time, and
G) with the speed of 150/min briquetting is cooled off.
11, the described method of claim 10, wherein said parts are sprocket.
CNA2005100518454A 2004-01-28 2005-01-27 Method to make sinter-hardened powder metal parts with complex shapes Pending CN1647874A (en)

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US10/766154 2004-01-28

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