CN1629645A - Method and system for measuring coercive field strength of ferroelectrics - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring coercive field strength of ferroelectrics Download PDFInfo
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- CN1629645A CN1629645A CN 200310121537 CN200310121537A CN1629645A CN 1629645 A CN1629645 A CN 1629645A CN 200310121537 CN200310121537 CN 200310121537 CN 200310121537 A CN200310121537 A CN 200310121537A CN 1629645 A CN1629645 A CN 1629645A
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Abstract
This invention relates to a test method and its system for ferroelectrics field strength, according to the principle that when a foreign force is in a sphere, the polarized ferroelectrics sample bears a foreign force in proportion to the piezovoltage, a polarized sample is applied with a low frequency sine-wave alternating force to generate low frequency alternating piezovaltages corresponding to it at either end of the sample, then a DC high voltage electric field is applied to the sample to be adjusted from small to large till the low frequency alternating voltage is zero, said DC high voltage field is the field strength of the sample, which is got by dividing the DC voltage with the thickness of the sample.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement of ferroelectrics coercive field strength, particularly a kind of measuring method of ferroelectrics coercive field strength and system thereof.
Technical background
Ferroelectric coercive field strength is ferroelectric important parameter, the measuring method of generally acknowledging is to utilize the Sawyer-Tower loop to measure at present, described in " function ceramics performance and application " book of Wang Yongling work Science Press 2003 editions, it is made up of the measurement in parallel loop that low-frequency high-voltage power supply, oscillograph, pure resistance series arm and capacitive branch that sample electric capacity and standard capacitance are in series constitute.By on ferroelectrics, applying a low frequency high voltage, the variation of ferroelectric electric current with extra electric field flow through in observation, that is: added voltage V (being electric field strength E) on show sample on the oscillograph X-axis divided by thickness of sample, charge Q on oscillograph Y-axis show sample (electrode area divided by sample is electric polarization P or electric displacement D), then intactly demonstrate ferroelectric D-E or P-E ferroelectric hysteresis loop on oscillographic X-Y plane, corresponding polarization intensity P or electric displacement D are that zero electric field intensity is coercive field strength on the ferroelectric hysteresis loop.
But, because ferroelectrics sample and sampling capacitor more or less exist DC conductance and other dielectric loss, under the low-frequency high-voltage effect,, thereby cause the coercive field strength of thus obtained ferroelectrics sample inaccurate because the hysteresis loss meeting makes the ferroelectric hysteresis loop that obtains can produce distortion.Though, can adopt the way of phase compensation in principle, can reduce this distortion to a certain extent, but because this DC conductance and dielectric loss often become (relation that promptly has nonlinearities change) with electric field intensity, so in fact be difficult to obtain phase compensation completely, thereby also just be difficult to obtain coercive field strength accurately.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: overcome and utilize the Sawyer-Tower loop to measure in the ferroelectric material coercive field strength method, cause the defective that is difficult to accurate measurement owing to ferroelectric hysteresis loop produces distortion, thereby a kind of measuring method and system thereof of ferroelectrics coercive field strength are provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the measuring method of ferroelectrics coercive field strength provided by the invention, according to working as external force within the specific limits, the relation that the suffered external force of the ferroelectrics sample that polarized is directly proportional with resulting piezoelectric voltage, at first, on the ferroelectrics sample after the polarization, apply a low-frequency sine alternating force, because of piezoelectric effect produces the low-frequency alternating piezoelectric voltage at ferroelectrics sample two ends; On this ferroelectrics sample, apply again one with the opposite dc high voltage electric field of former ferroelectrics polarised direction, regulating the low-frequency alternating piezoelectric voltage of dc high voltage electric field until ferroelectrics sample two ends from small to large is zero, and the size of this dc high voltage electric field is exactly the coercive field strength of ferroelectrics sample; The frequency of described low-frequency sine alternating force is 70-150Hz, and its size is 0.1-1.5 newton.
Described dc high voltage electric field is to produce by connect a direct current high-voltage power supply on the ferroelectrics after the polarization, the positive pole of described DC high-voltage power supply connects ferroelectric negative pole by a resistance in series, the negative pole of DC high-voltage power supply connects the positive pole of ferroelectrics sample, and the size of this dc high voltage electric field obtains by the output voltage of measurement DC high-voltage power supply and the THICKNESS CALCULATION of ferroelectrics sample.
The principle of this measuring method is: the vertical piezoelectric strain constant d of ferroelectrics sample that polarized
33The relation that is directly proportional with resulting piezoelectric charge Q:
d
33＝Q/F (1)
In the formula, Q is a piezoelectric charge, and F is the suffered acting force of ferroelectrics sample, again because Q=C
0V, wherein, C
0Be the electric capacity of ferroelectrics sample itself, V is the piezoelectric voltage that direct piezo electric effect is produced at ferroelectrics sample two ends, and therefore, formula (1) can be expressed as:
d
33＝C
0V/F (2)
By formula (2) as can be known, for certain ferroelectrics sample of determining, C
0Be a constant, suffered external force F is directly proportional with the size of resulting piezoelectric voltage V.Therefore, the ferroelectrics sample after the polarization is applied a low-frequency sine alternating force, because piezoelectric effect can produce at ferroelectrics sample two ends and the corresponding low-frequency alternating piezoelectric voltage of low-frequency sine alternating force.
The size of ferroelectrics remanent polarization and ferroelectrics sample are owing to piezoelectric effect produces the big or small corresponding of piezoelectric voltage, adding the piezoelectric voltage vanishing that makes the ferroelectrics sample under the dc high voltage electric field effect, this is the remanent polarization vanishing of ferroelectrics sample just, because in ferroelectric ferroelectric hysteresis loop, can make the added electric field of its remanent polarization vanishing be defined as ferroelectric coercive field strength, so the dc high voltage electric field that we apply when causing the vanishing of ferroelectrics sample piezoelectric voltage is exactly the coercive field strength of tested ferroelectrics sample.
This method is because what in measurement the ferroelectrics sample is applied is dc high voltage electric field, rather than ac high-voltage electric field, therefore the ferroelectric hysteresis loop non-linear phenomena in the measuring process of Sawyer-Tower loop can not occur, just can obtain coercive field strength measurement result comparatively accurately so need not carry out phase compensation.
The measuring system of ferroelectrics coercive field strength provided by the invention, comprise: oscillograph, it is characterized in that, also comprise the force application apparatus, DC high-voltage power supply, resistance and the capacitance that apply the low-frequency sine alternating force, wherein, the ferroelectrics sample is placed in the middle of two probes of force application apparatus, in the described force application apparatus, signal source links to each other with the input end of power amplifier by cable, and the output terminal of power amplifier is connected in the signal input gang socket of force application apparatus by cable; The positive pole of described DC high-voltage power supply is connected to the negative pole of ferroelectrics sample by a resistance in series, and the negative pole of DC high-voltage power supply connects the positive pole of ferroelectrics sample; The negative pole of described ferroelectrics sample inserts the oscillograph input port through capacitance, and the positive pole of ferroelectrics sample is connected oscillographic earth terminal.
Described power amplifier is to be not less than 10 watts audio-frequency power amplifier.
Described DC high-voltage power supply is continuously adjustable, and the maximal value of its output ripple voltage is less than 10 millivolts DC high-voltage power supply.
Described DC high-voltage power supply also can be in series with 9 volts of packed cells of tens of joints.
Described oscillograph is the double channel electronic oscillograph.
Signal source, power amplifier and force application apparatus constitute the augmentor that makes the ferroelectrics sample that polarized produce the piezoelectric voltage signal, and the low-frequency sine alternating force can realize by the frequency range in conditioning signal source and the output amplitude of power amplifier; DC high-voltage power supply is used to provide the reversed electric field that changes above-mentioned piezoelectric voltage signal magnitude; Oscillograph then is used to monitor the situation of change of the above-mentioned piezoelectric voltage signal of iron.This measuring system is by the low-frequency sine signal of signal source output, the low-frequency sine alternating force of sending force application apparatus to produce certain amplitude after power amplifier amplifies acts on the ferroelectrics sample, then, the output voltage of DC high-voltage power supply oppositely is applied to ferroelectrics sample two ends (polarity of VD is opposite with the polarizing voltage of ferroelectrics sample itself) through a resistance in series, the variation under reverse high direct voltage effect of the waveform of the low-frequency sine piezoelectric voltage signal that produces owing to direct piezo electric effect and this waveform send oscillograph to observe through capacitance, regulate the output voltage of DC high-voltage power supply from small to large, make on the oscillograph observed low-frequency sine piezoelectric voltage signal vanishing and measure the output voltage of DC high-voltage power supply this moment, use this magnitude of voltage divided by the ferroelectrics sample thickness then, just obtained needed coercive field strength.
Described force application apparatus, (patent No. is the patent that is authorized on February 6th, 99 by the applicant: ZL97231420.2) convert, it includes electromagnetic driver, main casing, positioning guide rail, the guide-track groove lid, positioning sliding block, adjuster bar, control hand wheel, connect backstay, round positioning film, set collar, set nut, joint pin insulate up and down, conduct electricity weld tabs up and down, probe and signal are imported gang socket etc. up and down, structure is as shown in Figure 2 assembled, constitute a kind of augmentor of special use, it can be to certain altitude, the sheet type of thickness or wall thickness, column type, the sample of conventional shapes such as cast applies the low frequency longitudinal force of certain amplitude, except the measurement that is used for the ferroelectrics coercive field strength, the measurement that also can be other piezoelectric modulus of ferroelectrics provides required low-frequency sine alternating force.
Described electromagnetic driver, as shown in Figure 2, it includes yoke core, outer yoke, yoke base, magnet steel, coil, centring disk, piston etc., structure according to electromagnetic driver part in the force application apparatus assemblies a kind of internal magnet type electromagnetic driver, the coil of electromagnetic driver is passed to the low-frequency sine drive signal, this coil vibrates in the magnetic field that is formed by yoke core, outer yoke, magnet steel and promotes the piston lengthwise movement, regulates the frequency of sinusoidal drive signals and the acting force that amplitude can obtain characteristic frequency and size.
The invention has the advantages that: the measuring method of ferroelectrics coercive field strength of the present invention and system thereof, what in measurement sample is applied is dc high voltage electric field, rather than ac high-voltage electric field, therefore can not occur in the measuring process of Sawyer-Tower loop owing to the ferroelectrics sample is applied low-frequency high-voltage and produce hysteresis loss and cause the ferroelectric hysteresis loop distortion to cause coercive field strength to be difficult to survey the situation of standard, therefore, to the measuring accuracy of ferroelectrics coercive field strength measuring accuracy height than Sawyer-Tower loop.
Force application apparatus in the measuring system of the present invention not only is applicable to the measurement of ferroelectrics coercive field strength, also can be used for the sinusoidal wave alternating force source of measurement and the conduct and the use of other occasion of other performance parameter of ferroelectrics.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the measuring method of ferroelectrics coercive field strength of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the specific embodiment structural representation of the measuring system of ferroelectrics coercive field strength of the present invention
The drawing explanation
1-signal source 2-power amplifier 3-DC high-voltage power supply
4-oscillograph 5-resistance 6-capacitance
7-force application apparatus 8-main casing 9-positioning guide rail
10-guide-track groove lid 11-positioning sliding block 12-adjuster bar
13-control hand wheel 14-connects the round positioning film of backstay 15-
16-set collar 17-set nut 18-goes up the insulation joint pin
19-insulation joint pin 20-down goes up conduction weld tabs 21-conduction weld tabs down
The last probe of 22-23-is probe 24-signal input gang socket down
The outer yoke 27-yoke base of 25-yoke core 26-
28-magnet steel 29-coil 30-centring disk
The 31-piston
Embodiment
Further describe method and system of the present invention in conjunction with above-mentioned drawings and Examples now.
As shown in Figure 1, the system that the measuring method of present embodiment is used, comprise force application apparatus 7, the ferroelectrics sample holder is at probe 22 on the force application apparatus 7 with down between the probe 23, following conduction weld tabs 21 under the positive pole of DC high-voltage power supply 3 connects by a resistance in series on the probe 23, the negative pole of DC high-voltage power supply 3 connects to go up goes up conduction weld tabs 20 on the probe 22, and following conduction weld tabs 21 is through the input port of capacitances 6 access oscillographs 4, on conduct electricity weld tabs 20 and be connected the earth terminal of oscillograph 4.In this example, DC high-voltage power supply is made up of 50 joint 9V packed cell groups, what oscillograph was selected for use is V-212 type 20MHz oscillograph, in addition, resistance 5 is 1 megohm, effect be for the piezoelectric voltage signal that prevents tested sample by the output internal resistance institute short circuit of DC high-voltage power supply, capacitance 6 is 1 microfarad, effect be at oscilloscope measurement piezoelectric voltage signal after going high direct voltage.
Before this, the output terminal of signal source 1 is electrically connected by the input end of cable with power amplifier 2, and the output terminal of power amplifier 2 is connected in the signal input gang socket 24 of force application apparatus 7 by cable; In this example, signal source 1 is the 5020A function generator, power amplifier 2 is a FDS-3 type power amplifier, like this, the sine wave signal of 5020A function generator output is delivered to the two ends of coil 29 in the electromagnetic driver after FDS-3 type power amplifier amplifies, produce the low-frequency sine alternating force and affact on the tested sample.
The concrete structure of the force application apparatus that present embodiment is used as shown in Figure 2, comprises two parts: to the mechanical grip part 8-23 and the Electromagnetic Drive part 25-31 of various sample; Mechanical grip partly comprises a vertical tubular type main casing 8 of placing, the upper port of main casing 8 has round platform rank in, interior round platform is pushed down the edge of round positioning film 15 by set collar 16 on the rank, a location guide rail 9 is equipped with in the side of main casing 8, in positioning guide rail 9, be arranged with guide-track groove and screw in parallel, the vertical component of perpendicular type positioning sliding block 11 is in the guide-track groove of positioning guide rail 9, fasten by guide-track groove lid 10, horizontal component in positioning sliding block 11 corners has a vertical circular hole, the horizontal component that the smooth part of adjuster bar 12 upper ends is passed circular hole and is positioned at positioning sliding block 11 by a chuck is to relatively rotate, and the top of adjuster bar 12 smooth part is connected with control hand wheel 13, the threaded portion of adjuster bar 12 lower ends matches with screw on the positioning guide rail 9, like this, rotating control hand wheel 13 makes positioning sliding block 11 to slide up and down together along with adjuster bar 12.
The front end of the horizontal component of positioning sliding block 11 be positioned at main casing 8 centers directly over, front end install successively vertically downward insulation joint pin 18, on conduction weld tabs 20 and on pop one's head in 22; Corresponding to this, its below will be descended probe 23 from top to bottom successively, conducting electricity weld tabs 21 is installed in the upper end that is connected backstay 14 with insulation joint pin 19 down down, this connection backstay 14 usefulness one set nut 17 is fixed on the center pit of round positioning film 15, the lower end that connects backstay 14 is fixed on the upper surface of electromagnetic driver piston 31, and such structure can make 31 of electromagnetic driver piston promote down probe 23 and do unidirectional moving up and down by connecting backstay 14.
Electromagnetic Drive part 25-31 is fixed on the lower surface of main casing 8 by yoke base 27, wherein, after sticking together with magnet steel 28, yoke core 25 is fixed on the center of yoke base 27, outer yoke 26 coaxial being fixed on the yoke base 27, make and form a uniform annular gap between yoke core 25 and the outer yoke 26, because the effect of magnet steel 28, annular gap is actually gap, a magnetic field, the lower surface of the upper end of coil 29 and piston 31 is fixed together, paste a circular centring disk 30 around the coil 29, stick on the outer yoke 26 round platform end faces around this centring disk 30, make to form between coil 29 and the outer yoke 26 and be flexible coupling, freely hang from above in the gap, magnetic field with the lower end that guarantees coil 29, the lead-in wire at the two ends of coil 29 is imported gang socket 24 with the signal on the force application apparatus main casing 8 and is connected, insulation joint pin 18 in the whole device, last probe 22, under pop one's head in 23, under the joint pin 19 that insulate, round positioning film 15, connect backstay 14, piston 31, coil 29, outer yoke 26, yoke core 25, magnet steel 28, centring disk 30 is all coaxial fixing, like this, when between two lead-in wires, feeding the sine voltage drive signal, because electromagnetic induction phenomenon coil 29 is motion repeatedly up and down in above-mentioned gap, magnetic field, do vertically motion repeatedly thereby promote piston 31.
The concrete course of work of present embodiment is:
The tested ferroelectrics sample that at first will polarize (hereinafter to be referred as: sample) be placed on the force application apparatus, under pop one's head in 22, between 23, the polarity of sample is opposite (in this example with the direction of an electric field that electric battery 3 is provided, the positive pole of sample faces down), rotation control hand wheel 13 is clamped it, open 5020A function generator 1, the output of selection sine wave signal, regulating sinusoidal wave output frequency is about 100Hz, the output amplitude of regulating sinusoidal wave output amplitude or FDS-3 type power amplifier 2 makes force application apparatus produce the low-frequency sine alternating force and acts on the tested sample, and directly observe the low-frequency sine piezoelectric voltage signal that produces owing to direct piezo electric effect from oscillograph 4, this signal is roughly hundred millivolts of magnitudes (can realize by the output amplitude of regulating 5020A function generator or FDS-3 type power amplifier).
Then, the ascending output voltage (sample is applied dc high voltage electric field) that increases electric battery 3 gradually, and observe the piezoelectric voltage signal that produces owing to sample is stressed in dc high-voltage variation after the match from V-212 type oscillograph 4 simultaneously, the piezoelectric voltage signal of sample will diminish gradually along with the increase of direct current reversed electric field, when the moment of the piezoelectric voltage signal vanishing of sample, read or measure the output voltage values of electric battery 3, and then, just obtained the coercive field strength of sample divided by the thickness of sample.
When the polarity of sample is not quite clear, the one side that can suppose sample earlier is in the anodal insertion force application apparatus, according to above-mentioned step operation, if the piezoelectric voltage signal of sample diminishes then illustrates that the polarity of hypothesis is correct under the DC electric field effect, can continue operation, measure its coercive field strength.If the piezoelectric voltage signal of sample becomes big or constant then illustrates that the polarity of sample is anti-under the DC electric field effect,, turn over a face and insert again again to measure behind the force application apparatus and get final product at this moment as long as sample is taken out from force application apparatus.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of measuring method of ferroelectrics coercive field strength at first, applies a low-frequency sine alternating force, because of piezoelectric effect produces the low-frequency alternating piezoelectric voltage at ferroelectrics sample two ends on the ferroelectrics sample after the polarization; On this ferroelectrics sample, apply again one with the opposite dc high voltage electric field of former ferroelectrics polarised direction, regulating the low-frequency alternating piezoelectric voltage of dc high voltage electric field until ferroelectrics sample two ends from small to large is zero, and the size of this dc high voltage electric field is exactly the coercive field strength of ferroelectrics sample; The frequency of described low-frequency sine alternating force is 70-150Hz, and its size is 0.1-1.5 newton.
2, press the measuring method of the described ferroelectrics coercive field strength of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dc high voltage electric field is to produce by connect a direct current high-voltage power supply on the ferroelectrics after the polarization, the positive pole of described DC high-voltage power supply connects ferroelectric negative pole by a resistance in series, the negative pole of DC high-voltage power supply connects the positive pole of ferroelectrics sample, and the size of this dc high voltage electric field obtains by the output voltage of measurement DC high-voltage power supply and the THICKNESS CALCULATION of ferroelectrics sample.
3, a kind of measuring system of ferroelectrics coercive field strength, comprise: oscillograph (4), it is characterized in that, also comprise the force application apparatus, DC high-voltage power supply (3), resistance in series (5) and the capacitance (6) that apply the low-frequency sine alternating force, wherein, the ferroelectrics sample is placed in the middle of two probes of force application apparatus, in the described force application apparatus, signal source (1) links to each other by the input end of cable with power amplifier (2), and the output terminal of power amplifier (2) is connected in the signal input gang socket (24) of force application apparatus by cable; The positive pole of described DC high-voltage power supply (3) is connected to the negative pole of ferroelectrics sample by a resistance in series (5), and the negative pole of DC high-voltage power supply (3) connects the positive pole of ferroelectrics sample; The negative pole of described ferroelectrics sample inserts the oscillograph input port through capacitance (6), and the positive pole of ferroelectrics sample is connected oscillographic earth terminal.
By the measuring system of the described ferroelectrics coercive field strength of claim 3, it is characterized in that 4, described power amplifier is to be not less than 10 watts audio-frequency power amplifier.
5, by the measuring system of the described ferroelectrics coercive field strength of claim 3, it is characterized in that described DC high-voltage power supply is continuously adjustable, the maximal value of its output ripple voltage is less than 10 millivolts DC high-voltage power supply.
6, by the measuring system of the described ferroelectrics coercive field strength of claim 3, it is characterized in that described DC high-voltage power supply is in series with 9 volts of packed cells of tens of joints.
7, by the measuring system of the described ferroelectrics coercive field strength of claim 3, it is characterized in that described oscillograph is the double channel electronic oscillograph.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100439929C (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-12-03 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Transverse piezoelectric strain constant measuring method by piezoelectric material quasistatic method and system thereof |
| CN105842562A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-10 | 东莞市广安电气检测中心有限公司 | Device for testing immunity to common-mode conducted disturbance |
| CN106597121A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 西安交通大学 | Method for representing dielectric polarization, ferroelectric phase relaxation and leakage conductance |
| CN110308337A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of the non-contact optical measuring device and method of ferroelectric crystal coercive field |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1009311B (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1990-08-22 | 西安交通大学 | Method of measuring the hysteresis loop of a ferroelectric by computer |
| US5487014A (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-01-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Low cost automated system for evaluating the electrical characteristics of ferroelectric materials |
| KR100231887B1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1999-12-01 | 윤문수 | A testing system for high-frequency magnetic characteristics |
| CN2308072Y (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-02-17 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Instrument for measuring longitudinal piezoelectric strain constant by quasi-static method |
| JP2002313076A (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ferroelectric memory device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100439929C (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-12-03 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Transverse piezoelectric strain constant measuring method by piezoelectric material quasistatic method and system thereof |
| CN105842562A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-10 | 东莞市广安电气检测中心有限公司 | Device for testing immunity to common-mode conducted disturbance |
| CN105842562B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-12-21 | 东莞市广安电气检测中心有限公司 | A kind of device for the test of common mode conduction interference immunity to interference |
| CN106597121A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 西安交通大学 | Method for representing dielectric polarization, ferroelectric phase relaxation and leakage conductance |
| CN106597121B (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-04-09 | 西安交通大学 | A method of characterization dielectric polarization, ferroelectric phase relaxation and leakage are led |
| CN110308337A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of the non-contact optical measuring device and method of ferroelectric crystal coercive field |
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