CN1620587A - 用于分离由来自若干压缩机的压缩空气所供给空气的集成方法及装置 - Google Patents

用于分离由来自若干压缩机的压缩空气所供给空气的集成方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1620587A
CN1620587A CNA038024284A CN03802428A CN1620587A CN 1620587 A CN1620587 A CN 1620587A CN A038024284 A CNA038024284 A CN A038024284A CN 03802428 A CN03802428 A CN 03802428A CN 1620587 A CN1620587 A CN 1620587A
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air
compressed
unit
pressure
sent
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CN100378421C (zh
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J-R·布吕热罗勒
B·哈
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
    • F25J3/04212—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product and simultaneously condensing vapor from a column serving as reflux within the or another column
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
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    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
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    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
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    • F25J3/04551—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the metal production
    • F25J3/04557—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the metal production for pig iron or steel making, e.g. blast furnace, Corex
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    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
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    • F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
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Abstract

在一集成方法中，一空气分离单元(A)接收来自一鼓风炉(HF)的压缩机(S)的压缩空气和来自一燃气涡轮机(C)的压缩机(K)的压缩空气。富含氮的空气(N)从该空气分离单元发送给该燃气涡轮机，而富含氧的空气(O)从该空气分离单元发送给该鼓风炉。

Description

用于分离由来自若干压缩机的压缩空气所供给空气的集成方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种集成方法及装置，其中，一空气分离单元与一燃气涡轮机和一消耗富氧空气的单元例如一鼓风炉/高炉集成为一体。
背景技术
用以增加发送给鼓风炉的鼓风中的氧气含量的标准方法是给一加压空气流添加较纯净的氧气。该氧气来自一空气分离单元，如例如在US-A-6119482、US-A-5244489和EP-A-0531182中所描述的。在能量方面，利用混合塔产出1Nm3/h氧气的能耗是0.32KWh/Nm3氧气。
US-A-4962646、US-A-5295351、US-A-5268019和US-A-5317862描述了将来自一燃气涡轮机的压缩机的空气输送给一空气分离单元的方法。由该空气分离单元产出的氧气被发送给一鼓风炉。
US-A-6089040描述了这样一种方法，其中，一鼓风机把空气供应给一鼓风炉和一空气分离单元，该空气分离单元继而又给该鼓风炉提供氧气。
空气还经由一专用压缩机被发送给该空气分离单元，并且来自该空气分离单元的氮气被发送给一燃气涡轮机。
发明内容
本发明旨在在具有一空气分离单元、一燃气涡轮机以及一鼓风炉(或类似的消耗富氧空气的单元)的场所中提供能耗特别低的氧气。采用本发明，氧气的能耗值将降至0.2KWh/Nm3以下。
所提到的全部压强都是绝对压强，全部百分率都是摩尔百分率，以及富液富含所提到的空气成分。
依照本发明的一个目的，提供一种用于给一消耗富氧空气的单元供应氧气的集成方法，包括以下步骤：
i)在一第一压缩机内压缩空气，并将该空气分为第一和第二部分，
ii)将该压缩空气的第一部分发送至一消耗富氧空气的单元，
iii)在一净化单元中净化该第二部分，并将其发送至一空气分离单元，
iv)该空气分离单元产生至少一富氧气流和至少一富氮气流，
v)将至少部分该富氧气流从该空气分离单元发送至该消耗富氧空气的单元，
其特征在于，在一燃气涡轮机的压缩机内压缩的空气被分为第一份和第二份，将该第一份发送给该燃气涡轮机的燃烧室，并将该第二份在一净化单元内进行净化并发送给该空气分离单元。
依照选择性特征：
-在一专用压缩机内压缩空气，并将该空气发送给该空气分离单元。
-将至少一富氮气流发送给燃气涡轮机的位于该燃气涡轮机的一燃烧气体膨胀器上游的一个位置。
-将该压缩空气的第二部分和该压缩空气的第二份以及选择性地来自该专用压缩机的空气相混合并共同在单个净化单元内进行净化，以充分除去二氧化碳和水。
-在该第一压缩机的下游和该净化单元的上游将该压缩空气的第二部分压缩至一较高压。
-在该燃气涡轮机的压缩机的下游和该净化单元的上游将该压缩空气的第二份压缩至一较高压。
-该消耗富氧空气的单元是一金属加工/处理炉。
-该空气分离单元包括经由一冷凝器-再沸器热连接的至少一高压塔和一低压塔，该高压塔在12至20绝对巴之间的压强下进行操作。
依照本发明的另一方面，提供一种集成装置，包括：
a)一空气分离单元，
b)至少一个净化单元，
c)用于把压缩空气的第一部分从一第一压缩机发送至一消耗富氧空气的单元的管路装置，和用于把压缩空气的第二部分从该第一压缩机发送至该净化单元并从该净化单元发送至该空气分离单元的管路装置，
d)用于把压缩空气的第一份从一燃气涡轮机的一压缩机发送至该燃气涡轮机的一燃烧室的管路装置，和用于把压缩空气的第二份从该燃气涡轮机的该压缩机发送至一净化单元并从该净化单元发送至该空气分离单元的管路装置，以及
e)用于自该空气分离单元取出一富氧流体的管路装置，和用于自该空气分离单元取出一富氮流体的管路装置。
根据另外的选择性特征，该装置可包括：
-用于把该富氧流体从该空气分离单元发送至该消耗富氧空气的单元的管路装置。
-用于把该富氮流体从该空气分离单元发送至该燃气涡轮机的管路装置。
-至少一个用于在该净化单元的上游增大至少该压缩空气的第二部分与该压缩空气的第二份之一的压强的压缩机。
依照本发明的又一方面，提供一种在所定义的高压下生产氮气的方法，包括：压缩空气并冷却该空气至基本在其露点，在一在高压下进行操作的主蒸馏塔的底部处引入该空气的至少一部分；在该塔的底部处接收一富液并将该富液膨胀至该高压与大气压之间的一中压，然后在一在该中压下进行操作的辅助蒸馏塔的中间位置处引入该富液；利用辅助塔底部的该液体冷却该主塔的一塔顶冷凝器；将一部分最后所述液体膨胀至一低压以冷却该辅助塔的一塔顶冷凝器(6)；自该辅助塔的顶部取出液体，用泵将该取出液体加压至高压并在主塔的顶部处注入该加压液体；以及自该主塔的顶部处取出产物氮气，其中，该主蒸馏塔在15至20绝对巴之间的压强下进行操作。
附图说明
现在将参照附图更详细地描述本发明。
图1表示一用以操作依照本发明方法的集成装置，以及
图2表示一适于用在该集成方法中的空气分离单元。
具体实施方式
在图1中，一集成装置包括一空气分离单元A、一鼓风炉B和一燃气涡轮机C。
燃气涡轮机C包括一压缩机K、一燃烧室CC和一膨胀器E。
将来自压缩机K的空气的第一份I发送给具有燃料F的燃烧室并产生燃烧气体，该燃烧气体随后在膨胀器E内膨胀。
该空气分离单元是一种低温蒸馏单元，其可由任何适当的蒸馏塔***组成，包括单塔、双塔或三塔。该蒸馏塔***可包括一氩塔和/或一混合塔和/或一侧塔。优选地，所采用的***将如图2所述。
空气在第一压缩机S内被压缩，该空气的第一部分1发送给鼓风炉HF。该空气的第二部分2在一增压压缩机B1内被进一步地压缩至17巴(bar)，然后发送给净化单元P。
将来自燃气涡轮机的压缩机的空气的第二份II也发送给一增压压缩机B2，在那里该空气被压缩至相同的压强(17巴)并与来自增压压缩机B1的空气混合，然后发送给同一净化单元P。
如果压缩机S，K的出口压相同，那么就可采用单个增压压缩机来对压缩空气的第二部分2和压缩空气的第二份II进行压缩。
将经净化的混合空气流发送给空气分离单元A，并从此处取出产物流O，N。将富氧气流O发送给鼓风炉B，而富氮气流N发送给燃气涡轮机C。当然还产生其它产物并将其发送到其它地方。
如虚线所示，还将来自一专用压缩机D的空气供给该空气分离单元。这有助于在燃气涡轮机和/或鼓风炉未运转时启动或运行该***。
增压压缩机B1，B2和/或该专用压缩机可与现场存在的蒸汽涡轮机连接或者与该燃气涡轮的膨胀器E连接。
图2表示一称为‘Azotonne’TM的空气分离单元，其类似于在US-A-4717410中描述的那种空气分离单元，但与其略有不同，特别是图2所示空气分离单元在相当高的压强下进行工作。
图2中示意性表示的用于产生纯氮的装置是一具有单个膨胀涡轮机的装置。其包括一热交换管路1和一双蒸馏塔2。后者由一在数量级为10至20巴绝对压强的高压即生产压力下进行操作的下部主塔3和一在数量级为10至15巴绝对压强的中压下进行操作的上部辅助塔4形成。这些塔中的每个塔都分别具有一塔顶冷凝器5，6。
压缩至其压强略高于所述高压的净化空气被分为两部分。第一部分17在热交换管路1内进行冷却，然后以气体形式发送至高压塔3的底部。第二部分15在增压压缩机16内被压缩至20和25巴之间的一压强，然后在热交换管路1内进行冷却并在涡轮机14内膨胀。对在塔3底部获得的与空气均衡的富液进行过(再)冷却、在一膨胀阀7中膨胀至所述中压、并在塔4的一中间位置引入该塔。在塔4中，下行液体富含氧气，并冷却位于该塔底部处的主冷凝器5以确保塔3内的回流。利用来自高压塔顶部的富含氮的气体使主冷凝器5升温，经冷凝的氮气作为回流自冷凝器5返回到该高压塔的顶部。对位于中压塔4底部处的一部分液体进行过冷却(未示出)，然后在一膨胀阀8中将其膨胀至一略高于大气压的压强，接着利用其冷却辅助冷凝器6并通过冷凝该中压塔的塔顶气体来确保塔4内的回流。蒸发后的膨胀液体利用一导管9以逆流方式被发送通过交换管路1，从而构成该装置的残余气体。
在塔4中上升的蒸气将逐渐地富含氮气，且其是用上冷凝器6冷凝的纯氮。冷凝流的一小部分被接收到一排液管10内、自塔4中取出、经由一泵11使其恢复至高压、并在塔3的顶部处再注入该塔3内。在塔3的顶部处取出气态氮，并利用一管道12以逆流方式通过交换管路1发送以便利用。
选择性地或者额外地，可利用自一外部源13额外供应的高压液态氮冷却该装置，此液态氮从塔3的顶部处引入。包含在高压富液中的能量不仅如传统那样用于实现塔3中的蒸馏，而且还用于提取塔4中的液体，从而通过增大在塔4顶部处取出的量来提高氮产量。
在所供给空气是17巴的情况下，该高压塔在17巴下进行操作，该低压塔在11巴下进行操作，塔顶冷凝器6处于5.6巴下。6％的空气在涡轮机14中膨胀。富液包含32摩尔％的氧气，产物是处于16.5巴下的氮气12和处于5.4巴下且包含44-46摩尔％氧气的气体9，该氮气12代表54％的空气，在一略微压缩步骤之后将该氮气12发送到燃气涡轮机的燃烧室或膨胀器，而该气体9可发送给金属加工单元(例如鼓风炉)。
优选地，该塔内部是交叉波状构造的充填物。

Claims (12)

1.用于给一消耗富氧空气的单元(HF)供应氧气的集成方法，包括以下步骤：
i)在一第一压缩机(S)内压缩空气，并将所述空气分为第一和第二部分(1，2)，
ii)将所述压缩空气的第一部分(1)发送至一消耗富氧空气的单元(HF)，
iii)在一净化单元(P)中净化所述第二部分(2)，并将其发送至一空气分离单元(A)，
iv)所述空气分离单元产生至少一富氧气流(O)和至少一富氮气流(N)，
v)至少部分所述富氧气流(O)从所述空气分离单元发送至所述消耗富氧空气的单元，
其中，在一燃气涡轮机(C)的压缩机(K)内压缩的空气被分为第一份(I)和第二份(II)，将所述第一份发送给所述燃气涡轮机的燃烧室(CC)，并将所述第二份在一净化单元(P)内进行净化并发送给所述空气分离单元(A)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在一专用压缩机(D)内压缩空气，并将所述空气发送给所述空气分离单元(A)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述至少一富氮气流(N)发送给所述燃气涡轮机(C)的位于所述燃气涡轮机的一燃烧气体膨胀器(E)上游的一个位置。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述压缩空气的第二部分(2)和所述压缩空气的第二份(II)以及选择性地来自所述专用压缩机(D)的空气相混合并共同在单个净化单元(P)内进行净化，以充分除去二氧化碳和水。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一压缩机(S)的下游和所述净化单元(P)的上游将所述压缩空气的第二部分(2)压缩至一较高压。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述燃气涡轮机的压缩机(K)的下游和所述净化单元(P)的上游将所述压缩空气的第二份(II)压缩至一较高压。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述消耗富氧空气的单元(HF)是一金属加工炉。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述空气分离单元(A)包括经由一冷凝器-再沸器(5)热连接的至少一高压塔(3)和一低压塔(4)，所述高压塔在12至20绝对巴之间的压强下进行操作，且选择性地包括以下步骤：压缩空气并冷却所述空气至基本在其露点，在一在所述高压下进行操作的主蒸馏塔(3)的底部处引入所述空气的至少一部分；在所述塔的底部处接收一富液并将所述富液膨胀至所述高压与大气压之间的一中压，然后在一在所述中压下进行操作的辅助蒸馏塔(4)的中间位置处引入所述富液；利用所述辅助塔底部的所述液体冷却所述主塔的一塔顶冷凝器(5)；将一部分所述液体膨胀至一低压以冷却所述辅助塔的一塔顶冷凝器(6)；自所述辅助塔的顶部取出液体，用泵将所述取出液体加压至所述高压并在所述主塔的顶部处注入所述加压液体；以及自所述主塔的顶部处取出产物氮气，其中，所述主蒸馏塔在15至20绝对巴之间的压强下进行操作。
9.一种集成装置，包括：
a)一空气分离单元(A)，
b)至少一个净化单元(P)，
c)用于把压缩空气的第一部分(1)从一第一压缩机(S)发送至一消耗富氧空气的单元(HF)的管路装置，和用于把压缩空气的第二部分(2)从所述第一压缩机发送至所述净化单元并从所述净化单元发送至所述空气分离单元的管路装置，
d)用于把压缩空气的第一份(I)从一燃气涡轮机(C)的一压缩机(K)发送至所述燃气涡轮机的一燃烧室(CC)的管路装置，和用于把压缩空气的第二份(II)从所述燃气涡轮机的所述压缩机(K)发送至一净化单元(P)并从所述净化单元(P)发送至所述空气分离单元的管路装置，以及
e)用于自所述空气分离单元取出一富氧流体(O)的管路装置，和用于自所述空气分离单元取出一富氮流体(N)的管路装置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的集成装置，其特征在于，包括用于把所述富氧流体(O)从所述空气分离单元(A)发送至所述消耗富氧空气的单元(HF)的管路装置。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的集成装置，其特征在于，包括用于把所述富氮流体(N)从所述空气分离单元(A)发送至所述燃气涡轮机(C)的管路装置。
12.根据权利要求9、10或11所述的集成装置，其特征在于，包括至少一个用于在所述净化单元的上游增大至少所述压缩空气的第二部分(2)与所述压缩空气的第二份(II)之一的压强的压缩机(B1，B2)。
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