CN1618848A - 激光透过性有色树脂组合物和用于激光焊接的方法 - Google Patents

激光透过性有色树脂组合物和用于激光焊接的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1618848A
CN1618848A CNA2004100855398A CN200410085539A CN1618848A CN 1618848 A CN1618848 A CN 1618848A CN A2004100855398 A CNA2004100855398 A CN A2004100855398A CN 200410085539 A CN200410085539 A CN 200410085539A CN 1618848 A CN1618848 A CN 1618848A
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laser
workpiece
transmissible
resin composition
resin
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CN100343320C (zh
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畑濑芳辉
菅原修治
冈西俊泰
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Tokata Kagaku Kogyo K K
Orient Chemical Industries Ltd
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Tokata Kagaku Kogyo K K
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
    • C09B1/50—Amino-hydroxy-anthraquinones; Ethers and esters thereof
    • C09B1/51—N-substituted amino-hydroxy anthraquinone
    • C09B1/514—N-aryl derivatives
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7332—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
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Abstract

激光透过性有色树脂组合物，它包含以下化学式(1)所示蒽醌型酸性染料：在化学式(1)中，－R1选自氢原子、羟基和氨基，－R2和－R3可彼此相同或不同，其中一个选自氢原子、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基和－SO3M，其中M是氢原子、碱金属或铵离子，－R4、－R5、－R6、－R7和－R8可彼此相同或不同，其中之一选自氢原子、烷基、酰基、酰胺基、酰基－N－烷基酰胺基、卤素原子、烷氧基和－SO3M，其中M同上，－R2、－R3、－R4、－R5、－R6、－R7和－R8中至少有一个选自－SO3M。它也可用化学式(2)表示。

Description

激光透过性有色树脂组合物和用于激光焊接的方法
发明领域
本发明涉及含蒽醌型酸性染料的激光透过性有色树脂组合物和用于激光焊的方法。
发明背景
为将由合成树脂材料制备的工件彼此连接起来，有一种广为人知的激光焊方法。
举例来说，这种激光焊接可如下进行。如图1所示，将由激光透过性材料制备的工件与另一个由激光吸收材料制备的工件放在一起。激光由激光透过性工件一侧向激光吸收工件一侧辐射。激光穿过激光透过性工件，为激光吸收工件吸收并引起放热。放出的热将激光吸收工件上吸收激光的区域熔化，接着熔化激光透过性工件，从而将两个工件焊接起来。冷却后，激光透过性工件与激光吸收工件以充分的焊接强度牢固地连接起来。
下面介绍激光焊接的优点，它们是：激光束无需与要焊接的工件接触的情况下就能焊接；局部放热对***几乎没有热影响；不存在机械振动的危险；有可能焊接精密工件或三维工件；可重复性优异；能保持充分的气密性；焊接强度高；肉眼很难看出焊接线；不产生焊尘。
当然，激光焊接操作简单。激光焊接可比原来连接树脂工件的方法，例如用紧固件如螺栓、螺钉、夹子等紧固，用黏结剂黏结，振动焊接，超声焊接等，具有相同或更高的焊接强度。同时，因为热或振动影响很小，它还能节省劳力、提高生产率、降低加工成本。因此，激光焊接可用于连接汽车工业和电气或电子工业中的功能件或电工件，它们需要避免热或振动影响。激光焊接也适用于连接具有复杂形状的树脂工件。
至于原有激光焊接技术，日本临时专利公开11-170371提到了一种激光焊接方法。该方法包括这样一个步骤，即将由激光吸收性合成热塑性树脂制备的不透明工件与由激光透过性合成热塑性树脂制备的无色透明工件放在一起，然后用激光集中照射二者的结合部位，使它们连接在一起。从无色透明工件一侧观察焊接部时，焊接部和非焊接部在颜色和光滑度上有差异，样子不是很好看。
在日本临时专利公开2002-228830和2002-228831分别采用了蒽醌型加酸显色染料作为激光透过性有色热塑性树脂组合物的着色剂。
人们希望激光透过性有色热塑性树脂组合物在激光焊接之前进行的热处理过程中不会引起褪色，不会引起组合物中着色剂的升华，并具有足够的激光透过性。
发明概述
已经开发本发明，以解决前述问题。
本发明的目标之一是提供一种激光透过性有色热塑性树脂组合物，它不会使由该有色合成热塑性树脂制成的工件在激光焊接之前的热处理过程中发生褪色，不会引起着色剂的明显升华，在长期储存中具有优良的稳定性，在激光焊接中具有充分的激光透过性。
本发明的另一个目标是提供用这种组合物进行激光焊接的方法。
本发明为实现前述目标而开发的激光透过性有色热塑性树脂组合物包含特定的蒽醌型酸性染料。
本发明激光透过性有色热塑性树脂组合物宜包含以下化学式(1)或(2)所示蒽醌型酸性染料：
在化学式(1)中，
-R1选自氢原子、羟基和氨基，
-R2和-R3可彼此相同或不同，其中一个选自氢原子、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M是氢原子、碱金属或铵离子，
-R4、-R5、-R6、-R7和-R8可彼此相同或不同，其中之一选自氢原子、烷基、酰基、酰胺基、酰基-N-烷基酰胺基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R2、-R3、-R4、-R5、-R6、-R7和-R8中至少有一个选自-SO3M。
在化学式(2)中，
-R14和-R15可彼此相同或不同，其中一个选自氢原子、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基、氨基、硝基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R9、-R10、-R11、-R12、-R13、-R16、-R17、-R18、-R19和-R20可彼此相同或不同，其中之一选自氢原子、烷基、酰基、酰胺基、酰基-N-烷基酰胺基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R9、-R10、-R11、-R12、-R13、-R14、-R15、-R16、-R17、-R18、-R19和-R20中至少有一个是-SO3M。]
本发明的激光焊接方法包含如下步骤：
将由激光透过性有色树脂组合物制成的激光透过性和激光吸收性工件放在一起；
将激光辐射到激光透过性工件上；
激光透过激光吸收性工件，被激光吸收工件吸收，从而在结合部位将激光透过性工件和激光吸收工件焊接在一起。
本发明的激光透过性有色树脂组合物对于在半导体激光器产生的约800nm波长到钇铝石榴石(YAG)激光器产生的约1200nm波长之间的激光具有充分的透过性。激光透过性有色热塑性树脂组合物具有优异的耐久性，如耐热性和耐光性，优异的抗迁移性，优异的耐化学性和鲜明的色调。激光透过性有色热塑性树脂组合物之所以能用于激光焊接方法，是因为它具有充分的激光透过性和优异的耐久性，如耐热性和耐光性。
根据本发明的激光焊接方法，辐射的激光穿透激光透过性工件，在两个工件结合处被激光吸收性工件吸收。激光到达激光吸收性工件，引起放热。产生的热量接着将两个工件熔化，从而在它们的结合部位将二者牢固地焊接起来。
附图简述
图1所示为在操作条件下将用本发明激光透过性有色树脂组合物制备的激光透过性工件和激光吸收性工件通过激光焊接起来的方法。
发明详述
激光透过性有色树脂组合物中所含蒽醌型酸性染料如上面化学式(1)或(2)所示。
在化学式(1)中，-R1的例子有氢原子、羟基和氨基。
-R2和-R3的例子有氢原子；烷基，如含1-12个碳原子的烷基，例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等；卤素原子如Cl、Br等；烷氧基，如含1-8个碳原子的烷氧基，例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基等；-SO3M，其中M是氢原子、碱金属或铵离子，其中碱金属如Na、Li、K等。
-R4、-R5、-R6、-R7和-R8的例子有氢原子；烷基，如含1-12个碳原子的烷基，例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等；酰基；酰胺基；酰基-N-烷基酰胺基，其中烷基的例子有含1-8个碳原子的烷基，如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等；卤素原子如Cl、Br等；烷氧基，如含1-8个碳原子的烷氧基，例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基等；-SO3M，其中M同上。
上面化学式(1)所示蒽醌型酸性染料的附加条件是-R2、-R3、-R4、-R5、-R6、-R7和-R8中至少有一个选自-SO3M 。简言之，该化学式所示化学结构中至少含有一个-SO3M。
在化学式(2)中，-R14和-R15的例子可彼此相同或不同，它们是氢原子；烷基，如含1-12个碳原子的烷基，例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等；卤素原子如Cl、Br等；烷氧基，如含1-8个碳原子的烷氧基，例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基等；氨基；硝基；-SO3M，其中M同上。
-R9、-R10、-R11、-R12、-R13、-R16、-R17、-R18、-R19和-R20的例子可彼此相同或不同，它们是氢原子；烷基，如含1-12个碳原子的烷基，例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等；酰基；酰胺基；酰基-N-烷基酰胺基，其中烷基的例子有含1-8个碳原子的烷基，如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等；卤素原子如Cl、Br等；烷氧基，如含1-8个碳原子的烷氧基，例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基等；-SO3M，其中M同上。
上面化学式(2)所示蒽醌型酸性染料的附加条件是-R9、-R10、-R11、-R12、-R13、-R14、-R15、-R16、-R17、-R18、-R19和-R20中至少有一个选自-SO3M。简言之，化学式所示化学结构中至少含有一个-SO3M。
上面化学式(1)或(2)所示蒽醌型酸性染料的例子如下。本发明不受以下具体例子的限制。
Figure A20041008553900111
化合物示例No.1-1
Figure A20041008553900121
化合物示例No.1-2
化合物示例No.1-3
Figure A20041008553900123
化合物示例No.1-4
化合物示例No.1-5
Figure A20041008553900132
化合物示例No.1-6
Figure A20041008553900133
化合物示例No.1-7
                   化合物示例No.1-8
                   化合物示例No.1-9
                   化合物示例No.1-10
如化学式(1)或(2)所示，蒽醌型酸性染料在其化学结构中含有-SO3M，其中M是氢原子、碱金属或铵离子。据推测，含M的官能团在树脂组合物中特别具有锚定效应，可抑制升华现象。
随着染料纯度的增加，抑制升华现象的效果也增加。
随着染料纯度的降低，副产物因污染而相对增多。副产物比染料的分子量小。结果，染料在树脂中的溶解度增加，显著引起染料在高温下的升华现象，并降低树脂组合物的耐热性。所需化学式(1)所示染料的纯度宜为90％或更高。
蒽醌型酸性染料一般显蓝色。例如，染料的最大吸收波长在580-630nm之间时，能得到其波长范围内的颜色。激光透过性有色热塑性树脂中的着色剂除上述蒽醌型酸性染料之外，还可包含另一种染料。这另一种染料的吸收范围在正好是可见光的吸收范围的外侧或可见光吸收范围的补充内侧，能透过800-1200nm波长范围内的激光。可以采用单一附加着色剂，也可以采用多种附加着色剂的混合物。使用时，混合上述蒽醌型酸性染料和激光透过性优良的附加着色剂，作为复色着色剂，显示红、黄、橘等颜色中的一种色调。具有黑色调的复色着色剂的例子是上述蒽醌型酸性蓝色染料与其他红色或黄色着色剂的混合物。在工业上使用激光透过性有色树脂组合物时，黑色树脂组合物尤其重要。
给激光透过性有色树脂组合物着色的附加着色剂的例子有激光透过性有机染料或颜料。它们不受限于具体化学结构。有机染料和颜料的具体例子有各种偶氮甲碱型、蒽醌型、喹吖二酮型、二噁嗪型、二酮吡咯并吡咯型、蒽吡啶酮型、异二氢吲哚酮型、阴丹酮型、紫环酮型、二萘嵌苯型、靛青型、硫靛型、喹诺酞酮型、喹啉型、三苯基甲烷型染料或颜料。
复色着色剂的例子有蓝色或紫色蒽醌型酸性染料与黄色和/或红色附加着色剂的混合物。复色着色剂显示多种色调，如蓝色与黄色组合显示的绿色，蓝色与红色组合显示的紫色，蓝色、黄色与红色或紫色与黄色组合显示的黑色。
与上述蒽醌型酸性染料混合的红色着色剂的例子有用二甲苯胍与C.I.酸性红80、C.I.溶剂红179和C.I.酸性红144之一制备的加酸显红染料。
与上述蒽醌型酸性染料混合的黄色着色剂的例子有C.I.溶剂黄163、C.I.酸性黄4等。
与上述蒽醌型酸性染料混合的橘色着色剂的例子有C.I.酸性橘56、C.I.溶剂橘60等。
用于激光透过性有色树脂组合物的树脂的例子有用作颜料分散剂的激光透过性树脂，用作母炼胶或有色片等的载体树脂的已知树脂。树脂的具体例子有典型的热塑性树脂，如聚酰胺树脂；聚乙烯树脂；聚丙烯树脂；聚苯乙烯树脂；聚甲基戊烯树脂；聚甲基丙烯酸酯树脂；聚丙烯酰胺树脂；聚乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)树脂；聚碳酸酯树脂；聚酯树脂，如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)树脂和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)树脂；聚缩醛树脂；聚氯乙烯树脂；聚偏二氯乙烯树脂；聚苯氧树脂；聚苯硫树脂；多芳基树脂；聚烯丙基砜树脂；含氟树脂；液晶聚合物等。
树脂的例子还有上述两种或多种热塑性树脂的共聚物。这些树脂的具体例子有丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物树脂(AS)；丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物树脂(ABS)；丙烯腈-乙烯丙烯二烯单体-苯乙烯共聚物树脂(AES)；聚酰胺-聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯共聚物树脂(PA-PBT)；聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯-聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯共聚物树脂(PET-PBT)；聚碳酸酯-聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯共聚物树脂(PC-PBT)；聚碳酸酯-聚酰胺共聚物树脂(PC-PA)等。这种树脂的其他具体例子有热塑性弹性体，如聚苯乙烯型热塑性弹性体、聚烯烃型热塑性弹性体、聚氨酯型热塑性弹性体、聚酯型热塑性弹性体；以合成蜡为主要组分的树脂；天然蜡等。上述热塑性树脂的具体分子量不受限制。
用于激光透过性有色树脂组合物的热塑性树脂宜为聚酯树脂，可以是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)树脂或聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)树脂；或聚酰胺树脂，可以是尼龙。
聚酯树脂的例子有由对苯二甲酸与乙二醇缩聚而成的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯树脂；由对苯二甲酸与丁二醇缩聚而成的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯。其他聚酯树脂的例子有上述聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯树脂中的部分对苯二甲酸组分，例如不超过15mol％如0.5-15mol％，宜不超过5mol％如0.5-5mol％，和/或部分乙二醇组分或丁二醇组分，例如不超过15mol％如0.5-15mol％，宜不超过5mol％如0.5-5mol％，为其他组分所取代的共聚物。它可以是两种或多种聚酯树脂的混合物。
取代部分对苯二甲酸组分的其他组分的例子有芳族二羧酸如间苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸、联苯二甲酸、二苯氧基乙烷二羧酸、二苯基醚二羧酸、二苯基砜二羧酸等；脂环二羧酸，如六氢对苯二甲酸、六氢间苯二甲酸等；脂族二羧酸，如己二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸等；双官能羧酸，如p-β-羟基乙氧基苯甲酸等。它们可单独使用或混合使用。
取代乙二醇或丁二醇的其他组分的例子有多官能化合物如二醇，例如1，3-丙二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，6-己二醇、1，10-癸二醇、新戊二醇、二甘醇、1，1-二羟甲基环己烷、1，4-二羟甲基环己烷、2，2-二(4’-β-羟基乙氧基苯基)-丙烷、二(4’-β-羟基乙氧基苯基)磺酸等；它们的官能化合物。它们可单独使用，也可混合使用。其中聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯宜用于电气工件和汽车工件。
聚烯烃树脂不受具体实例限制。聚烯烃树脂的例子有由α烯烃制备的均聚物和共聚物，如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-丁烯、1-辛烯等。聚烯烃树脂的其他例子有上述烯烃与一种不饱和单体形成的共聚物。所述共聚物可以是嵌段共聚物、无规共聚物或接枝共聚物。聚烯烃的具体例子有聚乙烯树脂如高密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、直链低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-乙烯乙酸酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物等；聚丙烯树脂，如丙烯均聚物、丙烯-乙烯嵌段共聚物和丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物、丙烯-乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物；聚1-丁烯；聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)等。它们可单独使用，也可混合使用。聚烯烃树脂宜为聚丙烯树脂和/或聚乙烯树脂，更宜为聚丙烯树脂。聚丙烯树脂不受限于具体树脂，可在较宽的分子量范围之内使用。
有时，聚烯烃树脂可以是酸改性的聚烯烃，可用不饱和羧酸或其衍生物进行改性；也可以是泡沫树脂，用诸如泡沫聚丙烯等发泡剂制备。聚烯烃树脂可包括乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物橡胶；乙烯-α-烯烃非共轭二烯共聚物，如乙烯丙烯二烯单体(EPDM)等；乙烯-芳族单乙烯基化合物-共轭二烯共聚物橡胶或其氢化橡胶。
聚酰胺树脂的例子有尼龙，如尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙46、尼龙11、尼龙12、尼龙69、尼龙610、尼龙612、尼龙96、非晶态尼龙、具有熔点的尼龙、尼龙RIM、尼龙MIX6等；以上各种尼龙的共聚物，如尼龙6/66共聚物、尼龙6/66/610共聚物、尼龙6/66/11/12共聚物、晶态尼龙/非晶态尼龙共聚物等。聚酰胺树脂可以是上述聚酰胺树脂和其他合成树脂的混合聚合物。混合聚合物的例子有聚酰胺/聚酯混合聚合物、聚酰胺/聚苯醚混合聚合物、聚酰胺/聚碳酸酯混合聚合物、聚酰胺/聚烯烃混合聚合物、聚酰胺/苯乙烯/丙烯腈混合聚合物、聚酰胺/聚丙烯酸酯混合聚合物、聚酰胺/硅酮混合聚合物等。它们可单独使用，也可混合使用。
激光透过性有色树脂组合物中着色剂的含量宜为热塑性树脂的0.01-10wt％，更宜为0.1-5wt％，最好为0.1-1wt％。
激光透过性有色树脂组合物在940nm波长下的激光透过率用T(有色树脂)表示。除了不含着色剂以外，与激光透过性有色树脂组合物相同的激光透过性无色树脂组合物的激光透过率用T(无色树脂)表示。二者之比T(有色树脂)/T(无色树脂)宜为0.5或以上，更宜为0.7-1.1，最好为0.8-1.1。
激光透过性有色树脂组合物可根据用途和目的适当包含各种增强剂。增强剂通常用于增强合成树脂，并且不受特别限制。增强剂的例子有玻璃纤维、碳纤维、其他无机纤维；由芳族聚酰胺、聚苯硫、尼龙、聚酯、液晶聚合物等制备的有机纤维。玻璃纤维宜用于增强透明树脂。纤维长度宜为2-15mm，直径宜为1-20μm。玻璃纤维的形状不受特别限制。例如，就其形状而言可以是粗纱状纤维、磨断纤维等。玻璃纤维可单独使用，也可以混合使用。玻璃纤维的含量宜为5-120wt％(以热塑性树脂为100wt％计)。如果其含量低于5wt％，则玻璃纤维难以达到充分的增强效果。如果超过120wt％，则可模塑性将下降。其含量宜为10-60wt％，更宜为20-50wt％。
如果需要，激光透过性有色树脂组合物可包含各种添加剂。添加剂的例子有辅助着色剂、分散剂、填充剂、稳定剂、增塑剂、重整剂、紫外吸收剂(或光稳定剂)、抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、润滑剂、脱模剂、晶化增速剂、杀菌剂、阻燃剂、用于提高抗震性的弹性体等。
激光透过性有色树脂组合物可通过任意方法混合原料而制备。原料一般混合得越均匀越好。例如，制备树脂组合物时，可用搅拌机、捏合机、密闭式混合机、辊、挤出机等混合设备均匀搅拌所有原料。制备其他树脂组合物时，可先用混合机搅拌部分原料，然后均匀搅拌剩余原料。制备其他有色颗粒树脂组合物时，可先干混各原料，熔化并均匀捏合，用加热挤出机挤成丝，然后切成所需长度制成有色粒料。
作为母炼胶的激光透过性有色树脂组合物可用任何方法制备。例如，制备母炼胶时，可用诸如振摇机、超级混合器等混合机混合作为母炼胶基体的树脂粉或树脂片和着色剂，用挤出机、批量型捏合机或滚轮型捏合机等加热、熔化，然后形成片或颗粒。制备其他母炼胶时，可在母炼胶用合成树脂中加入着色剂，反应混合物中包含溶剂，然后除去溶剂。
对激光透过性有色树脂组合物的模塑通常可用各种程序进行。例如，可用加工机械如挤出机、注模机、滚磨等模塑有色树脂片。其他模塑过程可以是用合适的混合机混合由透明树脂制备的树脂片、粒状着色剂和添加剂(需要的话)，然后用加工机械对其进行模塑。其他模塑过程可以是在包含合适的聚合催化剂的单体中加入着色剂，使它们聚合得到所需树脂，然后用合适的方法模塑树脂。模塑过程的例子有通用模塑过程，如注模、挤出模塑、压模、发泡模塑、吹模、真空模塑、注射吹模、旋转模塑、压延模塑、溶液铸塑等。各种形状的激光透过性工件通过模塑过程得到。
本发明激光焊接的方法包括如下步骤：
将由上述激光透过性有色树脂组合物制备的激光透过性工件与激光吸收性工件放在一起；
对激光透过性工件发射激光；
激光穿透激光透过性工件，被激光吸收性工件吸收，从而在激光透过性工件与激光吸收性工件的结合部位将二者焊接起来。
激光焊接方法的优点是：可提高模塑形状的多样性，因为有可能进行三维焊接；可改善结构，因为焊接表面没有毛刺，这与振动焊接不同；不会产生振动和研磨粉末；为应用于电气工件提供了可能；等等。
激光焊接方法的缺点是：需要提前进行工业投资，如购置激光焊接机；焊接后因形成缩痕而在焊接工件之间产生缝隙。特别地，缝隙缺陷是激光焊接机操作者遇到的最重要的问题。目前，操作者需要做一个夹持工具，如与焊接工件的形状相匹配的夹子。如果焊接工件有0.02mm的缝隙，则与无缝焊接工件相比，焊接强度下降一半。如果焊接工件有0.05mm或更大的缝隙，则焊接无法进行。
激光照射工艺的例子有激光束源移动的扫描型；焊接工件移动的遮蔽型；激光多路照射焊接工件的多照射型；等等。汽车工业中的激光照射工艺是扫描型，它在标准生产应答时间下的扫描速度是5m/min。
原则上，激光焊接利用的是激光光能向热能的转换。因此，焊接性质受到激光焊接条件的极大影响。
一般地，激光吸收性工件从激光吸收的表面热量可通过如下公式计算：
激光吸收性工件的表面热量(J/mm2)＝
激光输出功率(W)/扫描速度(mm/s)/激光光斑直径(mm)…(1)
公式清楚表明，要提高生产效率，必须提高扫描速度。因此，工业上需要输出功率高的激光焊接机。
要提高焊接强度，激光吸收性工件需要适量的表面热量。有必要尝试各种条件，如提高输出功率、稍微降低扫描速度，或减少激光光斑直径。如果激光产生的表面热量多，则会破坏焊接工件的外观。如果热量太多，则焊接工件会发烟。因此，设定合适的激光焊接条件非常重要。
在激光焊接方法中，在用于激光焊接的激光照射波长下，即在半导体激光的约800nm到钇铝石榴石(YGA)激光的约1100nm之间，激光透过性树脂工件的激光透过率至少为20％。在808nm、840nm、940nm和1064nm的激光波长下，红外透过率至少为15％。如果透过率低于此范围，则这些波长的激光透过量不够，因而焊接工件的强度不够，或者需要异常过量的激光。
在激光焊接方法中，激光宜采用扫描照射，并提供满足下式(II)的能量(J/mm)。
x = p × T 100 × q ≥ 0.9 · · · ( II )
(在式(II)中，p(W)是激光的输出功率；q(mm/s)是激光扫描速度；T是激光透过性树脂工件在激光波长下的激光透过率)
本发明的激光焊接方法是激光吸收性树脂工件和激光透过性工件的焊接，其中激光吸收性树脂工件含有通过油墨和/或涂料施涂的激光吸收层，油墨和/或涂料包含激光吸收剂。将包含用油墨和/或涂料朝向激光透过性工件施涂的激光吸收层的激光吸收性工件放在激光透过性工件上。然后用激光照射激光透过性工件，并得到焊接工件。
作为施涂层的激光吸收层通过施涂含激光吸收剂和树脂(必要的话)的油墨和/或涂料制备。可利用任意施涂方法进行施涂，如喷涂，用记号笔、画笔、写字笔施涂，等等。涂层厚度宜为0.1mm或更薄。
激光吸收性工件宜由激光吸收性有色树脂组合物制备，更宜由热塑性树脂组合物制备，包含碳黑作为激光吸收剂和黑色着色剂。碳黑初级颗粒的直径宜为18-30nm。当用上述碳黑时，碳黑在其中充分分散的激光吸收性工件以高吸收率吸收激光。
苯胺黑染料可与碳黑一起使用。苯胺黑染料宜属于C.I.溶剂黑7。苯胺黑染料控制合适的激光吸收率。
激光吸收性有色树脂组合物可包含另一种着色剂，以替代碳黑；还可包含激光吸收剂如酞菁染料、青色素和金属络合物。激光吸收性有色树脂组合物可包含另一种试剂作为着色剂和激光吸收剂。
在激光吸收性有色树脂组合物中，着色剂的含量可为0.01-10wt％(相对于树脂，宜相对于热塑性树脂)。所述含量更宜为0.05-5wt％。
激光吸收性工件可用与激光透过性工件同样的程序制备，不同的是加入激光吸收剂。
以下实施例是更具体的实施方式。本发明不受限于具体实施方式。
表1示出了随后介绍的制备实施例1-5所用的着色剂。比较制备实施例1-3说明的是随后要介绍的比较例所用的着色剂。在制备实施例中，作为着色剂的酸性染料相应于上述化合物实例中的染料。
顺便提及，表1中化合物实例栏中的数据是用高压液相色谱(HPLC)确定的纯度。
制备实施例2、4和7表示以混合比例栏所示重量比混合染料和着色剂而得到的黑色着色剂。
                                                             表1
    着色剂   混合比
  制备实施例1     化合物实例1-2     -
  制备实施例2     化合物实例1-2     5
    C.I.酸性红144与二甲苯胍制备的加酸显色染料     3
    C.I.酸性黄42     3
  制备实施例3     化合物实例1-6     -
  制备实施例4     化合物实例1-6     6
    C.I.酸性红80     4
    C.I.酸性橘56     3
  制备实施例5     化合物实例1-3     -
  制备实施例6     化合物实例1-7     -
  制备实施例7     化合物实例1-10     4
    C.I.酸性红80     1
    C.I.酸性橘56     2
  制备比较例1     C.I.酸性蓝90     -
  制备比较例2     C.I.酸性蓝113     -
  制备比较例3     C.I.酸性绿20     -
  制备比较例4     C.I.溶剂紫13     5
    C.I.酸性黄114     1
(用高压液相色谱测定纯度
化合物实施例的纯度如下：
化合物实施例1-2为99.4％
化合物实施例1-3为98.9％
化合物实施例1-6为99.8％)
在实施例1和比较例1中，激光透过性有色树脂组合物包含聚酰胺6树脂。
(实施例1)
400g 45％纤维增强聚酰胺6树脂(GF-PA6树脂)，目录号1015GU9，购自Ube Industries，Ltd.
0.80g制备实施例1的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为270℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(比较例1)
400g 45％纤维增强聚酰胺6树脂(GF-PA6树脂)，目录号1015GU9，购自Ube Industries，Ltd.
0.80g制备实施例3的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为270℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。经过目测，实验工件显绿色，但分散明显不均匀。
在实施例2-5和比较例2-3中，激光透过性有色树脂组合物包含聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯。
(实施例2)
400g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自MitsubishiEngineering-Plastics Corporation
0.80g制备实施例1的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(实施例3)
400g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自MitsubishiEngineering-Plastics Corporation
0.80g制备实施例3的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(实施例4)
400g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation
0.80g制备实施例5的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(实施例5)
400g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation
2.40g制备实施例4的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(实施例6)
400g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation
0.80g制备实施例6的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(实施例7)
1000g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation
120g制备实施例7的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物在单轴挤出机中搅拌、捏合，挤出机的目录号为E30SV，购自Enpla Industries，缸体温度为240℃。制备的条形物在水浴中冷却，用切料机切碎，得到黑色小球。
380g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation
20g上述小球
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合20分钟。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(比较例2)
400g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation
0.80g制备比较例1的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。经过目测，实验工件显绿色，但分散明显不均匀。
(比较例3)
400g 45％纤维增强聚酰胺6树脂(GF-PA6树脂)，目录号1015GU9，购自Ube Industries，Ltd.。
0.80g制备比较例2的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。经过目测，实验工件显绿色，但分散明显不均匀。
(比较例4)
400g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂(PBT树脂)，目录号5008AS，购自MitsubishiEngineering-Plastics Corporation
2.40g制备比较例4的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到黑色实验工件。
在实施例8-9和比较例5中，激光透过性树脂包含聚丙烯树脂。
(实施例8)
400g 30％纤维增强聚丙烯树脂(GF-PP树脂)，目录号HG30U，购自日本Polychem Co.，Ltd.
0.80g制备实施例3的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为220℃，金属模温度为40℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(实施例9)
400g 30％纤维增强聚丙烯树脂(GF-PP树脂)，目录号HG30U，购自日本Polychem Co.，Ltd.
1.20g制备实施例2的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为220℃，金属模温度为40℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，蓝色均匀。
(比较例5)
400g 30％纤维增强聚丙烯树脂(GF-PP树脂)，目录号HG30U，购自日本Polychem Co.，Ltd.
0.80g制备比较例1的着色剂
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，缸体温度为220℃，金属模温度为40℃。得到实验工件。经过目测，实验工件显绿色，但分散明显不均匀。
(物理评价)
用以下物理测定方法评价了实施例1-9和比较例1-5中用激光透过性有色树脂组合物制备的实验工件和同样制备的模塑无色实验工件。结果示于表2-4。
(1)透光率的测定
将每个实验工件安装在购自JASCO公司、目录号为V-570的分光光度计上。在400-1200nm波长下测定了图1所示工件1中厚1.5mm的部分的透光率。表2-4示出了实验工件在半导体激光的940nm波长下的透光率。
(2)耐热性实验及其评价
在实施例1-9或比较例1-5中进行注模时，作为激光透过性有色树脂组合物的混合物，一部分进行通常的冲击注模，得到初始实验工件。汽缸中的剩余混合物在缸体温度下保持15分钟，然后进行同样的冲击注模，得到后续实验工件。
比较了通过普通冲击得到的初始工件和在缸体温度下保持15分钟后进行同样冲击得到的后续实验工件的颜色。当后续实验工件的颜色与初始实验工件相比没有褪去时，则认为它具有耐热性。
(3)抗升华实验及其评价
将各实验工件分别放在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)膜上，在160℃炉子中保持3小时。从实验工件上揭去PET膜，放在投影仪(OHP)的投影片上，以便容易观察。
如果着色剂没有迁移到PET膜上，则认为它具有抗升华能力。
(4)激光吸收性实验工件的制备及其激光焊接实验
激光吸收性实验工件按如下方法用聚酰胺6制备。
400g 45％纤维增强聚酰胺6树脂(GF-PA6树脂)，目录号1015GU9，购自Ube Industries，Ltd.
0.40g碳黑
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，柱体温度为270℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，黑色均匀。
另一种激光吸收性实验工件按如下方法用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯制备。
400g聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂，目录号5008AS，购自MitsubishiEngineering-Plastics Corporation
2.00g碳黑
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，柱体温度为260℃，金属模温度为80℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，黑色均匀。
另一种激光吸收性实验工件按如下方法用聚丙烯树脂制备。
400g 30％纤维增强聚丙烯树脂，目录号HG30U，购自日本Polychem Co.，Ltd.
0.80g碳黑
将上述化合物加入不锈钢振摇器中，搅拌混合1小时。所得混合物以通用程序在注模机中进行注模，注模机的目录号为Si-50，购自Toyo Machinery&Metal Co.，Ltd.，柱体温度为220℃，金属模温度为40℃。得到实验工件。实验工件的表面和外观有光泽、规则，黑色均匀。
如图1所示，实施例1-6和比较例1-4中的每个激光透过性实验工件1以及上述每个激光吸收性实验工件2的长度为60mm，宽度为18mm，厚度为3mm，沿长度方向离边缘20mm的端部厚度为1.5mm。
每个工件的端部长20mm，宽18mm，厚1.5mm，它们在端部并在一起。
采用Fine Device Co.，Ltd.生产的输出功率为30W的二极管激光器。激光器将940nm连续波长的扫描激光束3横向朝下照射到结合部，扫描速度为750mm/min。
激光穿过激光透过性实验工件1，为激光吸收性实验工件2所吸收。激光吸收性实验工件2引起放热，然后熔化吸收激光的周围部分。激光透过性实验工件1由此熔化，从而将两个工件焊接起来。冷却后，两个工件结合牢固。图1中部分6示出了熔焊部分。
(5)抗张强度实验
实验采用上述第(4)项表征内容所制备的焊接工件。在进行抗张强度实验时，根据JIS K7113-1995，以10mm/min的拉伸速度，同时沿激光透过性实验工件1和激光吸收性实验工件2的长度方向反向拉伸焊接工件，即将工件1和工件2拉开，从而测定抗张强度。
                                        表2 采用聚酰胺6树脂的实施例和比较例
    (1)透光率(％)     (2)耐热性实验    (3)抗升华实验    (4)激光焊接实验     (5)抗张强度(MPa)
GF-PA6树脂     69      -      -      -       -
实施例1     61     优异    优异   没有问题     33.8
比较例1     -      -      -      -       -
                                          表3 采用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的实施例和比较例
    (1)透光率(％)    (2)耐热性实验   (3)抗升华实验   (4)激光焊接实验    (5)抗张强度(MPa)
PBT树脂     37     -    -    -     -
实施例2     36   优异   优异 没有问题    26.8
实施例3     35   优异   优异 没有问题    27.0
实施例4     34   优异   优异 没有问题    26.2
实施例5     31   优异   优异 没有问题    25.7
实施例6     31   优异   优异 没有问题    25.2
实施例7     30   优异   优异 没有问题    24.7
比较例2     -     -    -    -     -
比较例3     -     -    -    -     -
比较例4     33   优异   不好 没有问题    26.0
                                                    表4 采用聚丙烯的实施例和比较例
    (1)透光率(％)    (2)耐热性实验    (3)抗升华实验   (4)激光焊接实验     (5)抗张强度(MPa)
 GF-PP树脂     48    -    -    -      -
  实施例8     43   优异   优异 没有问题     27.5
  实施例9     41   优异   优异 没有问题     27.1
  比较例5      -    -    -    -      -
从表中可以清楚看到，所有实施例中工件的透光率、耐热性、抗升华性、激光焊接性质和抗张强度都非常优异。

Claims (18)

1.激光透过性有色树脂组合物，它包含以下化学式(1)所示蒽醌型酸性染料：
在化学式(1)中，
-R1选自氢原子、羟基和氨基，
-R2和-R3可彼此相同或不同，其中一个选自氢原子、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M是氢原子、碱金属或铵离子，
-R4、-R5、-R6、-R7和-R8可彼此相同或不同，其中之一选自氢原子、烷基、酰基、酰胺基、酰基-N-烷基酰胺基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R2、-R3、-R4、-R5、-R6、-R7和-R8中至少一个是-SO3M，
或化学式(2)所示蒽醌型酸性染料：
在化学式(2)中，
-R14和-R15可彼此相同或不同，其中一个选自氢原子、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基、氨基、硝基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R9、-R10、-R11、-R12、-R13、-R16、-R17、-R18、-R19和-R20可彼此相同或不同，其中之一选自氢原子、烷基、酰基、酰胺基、酰基-N-烷基酰胺基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R9、-R10、-R11、-R12、-R13、-R14、-R15、-R16、-R17、-R18、-R19和-R20中至少一个是-SO3M。
2.权利要求1所述激光透过性有色树脂组合物，其特征在于蒽醌型酸性染料的纯度为90％或以上。
3.权利要求1所述激光透过性有色树脂组合物，其特征在于蒽醌型酸性染料的最大吸收波长范围为580-630nm。
4.权利要求1所述激光透过性有色树脂组合物，其特征在于它包含热塑性树脂。
5.权利要求4所述激光透过性有色树脂组合物，其特征在于热塑性树脂是聚酯树脂。
6.权利要求5所述激光透过性有色树脂组合物，其特征在于聚酯树脂是由包含对苯二甲酸和0.5-5mol％所述对苯二甲酸以外的双官能羧酸在内的组分制备的共聚物。
7.权利要求5所述激光透过性有色树脂组合物，其特征在于聚酯树脂包含的一个主要组分是聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂。
8.权利要求1所述激光透过性有色树脂组合物，其特征在于它包含由蒽醌型酸性染料与黄色和/或红色染料混合而成的黑色混合着色剂。
9.激光焊接方法，它包含如下步骤：
将由激光透过性有色树脂组合物制成的激光透过性工件和激光吸收性工件放在一起；
将激光辐射到激光透过性工件上；
激光透过激光透过性工件，被激光吸收性工件吸收，从而在结合部位将激光透过性工件和激光吸收性工件焊接在一起；
其中激光透过性有色热塑性树脂组合物包含以下化学式(1)所示蒽醌型酸性染料：
在化学式(1)中，
-R1选自氢原子、羟基和氨基，
-R2和-R3可彼此相同或不同，其中一个选自氢原子、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M是氢原子、碱金属或铵离子，
-R4、-R5、-R6、-R7和-R8可彼此相同或不同，其中之一选自氢原子、烷基、酰基、酰胺基、酰基-N-烷基酰胺基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R2、-R3、-R4、-R5、-R6、-R7和-R8中至少一个是-SO3M，
或化学式(2)所示蒽醌型酸性染料：
在化学式(2)中，
-R14和-R15可彼此相同或不同，其中一个选自氢原子、烷基、卤素原子、烷氧基、氨基、硝基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R9、-R10、-R11、-R12、-R13、-R16、-R17、-R18、-R19和-R20可彼此相同或不同，其中之一选自氢原子、烷基、酰基、酰胺基、酰基-N-烷基酰胺基、卤素原子、烷氧基和-SO3M，其中M同上，
-R9、-R10、-R11、-R12、-R13、-R14、-R15、-R16、-R17、-R18、-R19和-R20中至少一个是-SO3M。
10.权利要求9所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于蒽醌型酸性染料的纯度为90％或以上。
11.权利要求9所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于蒽醌型酸性染料的最大吸收波长范围为580-630nm。
12.权利要求9所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于它包含热塑性树脂。
13.权利要求12所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于热塑性树脂是聚酯树脂。
14.权利要求13所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于聚酯树脂是由包含对苯二甲酸和0.5-5mol％所述对苯二甲酸以外的双官能羧酸的组分制备的共聚物。
15.权利要求13所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于聚酯树脂包含的一个主要组分是聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯。
16.权利要求9所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于它包含由蒽醌型酸性染料与黄色和/或红色染料混合而成的黑色混合着色剂。
17.权利要求9所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于激光吸收性工件由激光吸收性有色树脂组合物制备，它至少包含碳黑着色剂。
18.权利要求9所述激光焊接方法，其特征在于激光以扫描方式照射，并提供满足下式的能量(J/mm)：
x = p × T 100 × q ≥ 0.9 · · · ( II )
在式中，p(W)是激光的输出功率；q(mm/s)是激光扫描速度；T是激光透过性工件在激光波长下的激光透过率。
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