CN1615640A - 双摄像机监视和控制*** - Google Patents
双摄像机监视和控制*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种双摄像机监视和控制***。该***包括一具有增强的红外响应的高灵敏度单色摄像机、一用于零环境光监视的红外照明器阵列、及一在红外光谱中不需要增强的彩色摄像机。该***还包括环境光强度感觉、视频信号交换技术及能量转换电路。***结合了低光或无光条件下的最优单色成像及高环境光条件下的最优彩色着色成像,二者均可获得高质量的影像清晰度。由于该***的综合自动化控制,该***的双摄像机特性对用户而言是很显然的,其还降低了能量消耗,从而使得***适于无线的、远程的、自给自足的***,该***从周围环境获得能量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及监视摄像机。对于监视摄像机而言,在夜间或其他低可见光条件下能够记录视频是很重要的。在夜间,只有很少或没有可见的自然光来足以记录可见光图像,且为了能够记录可见光图像,在夜间或在较大的距离和区域内提供人造光通常是不受欢迎的或是不可行的。特别是如果响应于闯入的觉察而突然打开时,人造光可能会在首选目标是记录夜盗时而使夜盗警觉。由人造设施进行大面积的持续照明是非常昂贵的,且在偏僻地区根本是不可能的。使用红外照明,则可能在不使夜盗警觉的情况下而在夜间获得令人满意的场景图像。
背景技术
在零环境光条件中,必须使用照明器以使用基于电荷耦合元件(CCD)的摄像机获得图像。通常,在夜间使用红外光照明,因为白光对用户和邻居来说是令人讨厌的。红外线还有另外一个好处,即其可以是隐蔽的或半隐蔽的。一些生产厂家已经提高了他们的CCD敏感元件对红外线的灵敏度。在低光期间,彩色信息很少。当仅使用红外光照明时,没有彩色图像信息,只有亮度。彩色CCD敏感元件使用三个象素来构建一种彩色,其来自红、绿、蓝分量。因此,当构建最后的图像时,其没有单色CCD灵敏。此外,通常,彩色摄像机由于其彩色脉冲串同步信号而有彩色噪声。因此,在低光中,单色摄像机提供比彩色摄像机更好的图像,特别是在单色摄像机在红外线中增强的情况,反之,在日间及高光条件下,彩色摄像机提供更好的图像,因为彩色传达更多的信息,且有足够的光来抵消由于创建彩色图像所使用的3个CCD象素引起的灵敏度的下降。
在闭路电视(CCTV)行业已经有一些利用单色和彩色摄像机的上述特征的尝试。一种方法是在高环境光强度期间使用保持在适当位置的滤光器在摄像机前面移动一彩色滤光器,从而给摄像机一光学照片(photo-optic)响应的效果。尽管该方法获得了较好的彩色再现,但其却遭受了众所周知的焦点位移现象,从而摄像机及镜头光学***仅可被调焦而用于一种排列,在将滤光器换到另一位置时,改变了光学路径,从而造成照片模糊不清。
另一种方法涉及双滤过器的使用,而不是纯粹的光学照片滤光器。该滤光器在电磁光谱的能见区给出光学照片响应,而且通过从大约800到1000纳米的红外线波长。这是一个折衷,因为在看得见的地方的彩色物体将同样反射来自日光光谱的红外线能量。其还使视频信号中的彩色的照明和色度变形,给出了较差的彩色再现。该滤光器还降低了CCD敏感元件对红外线波长的最大灵敏度,因为红外线、滤过器的通过部分不能得到100%的传输。其减小了零光条件下的可使用照片范围。双滤过器一直位于CCD敏感元件的上面,因而其较少倾于焦点位移,尽管还有其一个元件,由于通过镜头的不同折射程度及由于镜头元件的折射率随波长的不同而不同。这种现象随着波长更高而愈加糟糕,且当要求完全隐蔽时,通常需要使用950纳米的光照。
发明内容
本发明使用了一专用的红外增强的、用于夜间/低光条件的CCD摄像机,及一分开的、经济的、用于高光强度的较低灵敏度的彩色摄像机,二者均有其自己的专用镜头***。具有最佳量程的最优夜间照片可以获得,同样,在日间条件下可获得极好的彩色着色的图像。两种图像将始终是清晰的。该***还设计成对用户而言是很明晰的,因为对于环境光条件的最佳模式视频信号被转换成了装置的输出。
该***包括:
a)一用于在明亮的日间条件下观察的彩色摄像机;
b)一用于在黑暗的夜间的红外光照明条件下观察的单色摄像机;
c)一红外照明器;
d)一控制模块,其根据环境光条件选择彩色或单色摄像机工作及选择红外光照明。
彩色摄像机具有一最适于彩色的带有红外过滤的镜头,单色摄像机具有一最适于单色观察的镜头。为了红外线灵敏度,单色摄像机可被增压(supercharge)。
***应具有一红外照明器,但其还可具有内置的能见光照明或用于控制人造环境光的切换装置。红外照明器在单色红外模式下由***的控制模块打开。照明器最好给出805-995纳米范围的电磁辐射光照。
彩色摄像机和单色摄像机均具有一独立的镜头,该镜头具有一经控制模块的分开的变焦控制,并提供无焦点位移的从日间到夜间操作的模式转换。在每一独立的镜头中独立控制光圈的自动光圈控制板提供对进入摄像机的光的优化或提供对对焦的景深的优化。
来自***的视频输出信号根据环境光强度从单色转换成彩色。未正被使用的摄像机的能源可被切断,同样,未正被使用的照明器的能源也可被切断。
双摄像机结合控制***的使用相对于只使用红外线照明或只使用能见光照明来在日间/夜间周期中达到所要求的强度从而获得最佳图像而言提供了能量节约。
因此,***适于用在具有便携能源***的远程、完备的监视***中,所述便携能源***具有电池、能量消耗监控模块、及如太阳电池板的环境能源充电器,所述太阳电池板将太阳能转换为电流从而对电池充电。低能量检测模块可确定***的哪一特征可被打开。在低能量的情况下,可使用间歇性的照明,直到***被再次充电为止。无线发射机可用于将视频信号传输给基站。此外,***可包括一无线接收机,用于从基站接收对于该***的指令。
***中的通信板可聪明地在远程位置捕获想要的相关视频数据,以用于传输到另一位置,并可包括一因特网协议模块,通过该模块,用户可在因特网上在远程位置控制监视摄像机,或者可包括一基于人造卫星的视频数据传输模块。
对于在室外的残酷环境中的远程服务,该***被提供以一外罩,其用于需要风雨密的组件,从而使湿气远离电气和机械组件,其带有用于摄像机观察的窗口。
总之,本发明提供了在高光条件下的极好的彩色观察和成像,使用自动光圈镜头、宽动态范围、及红外线截除的过滤以确保在日间的叶子上没有红外线,同时还提供低光或无光条件下的极好的单色观察和成像。在从日间切换到夜间场景时没有焦点位移。控制模块控制光电灵敏度、摄像机切换、镜头快门、及红外线光亮度。本发明提供了彩色及单色世界的最好的监视,其在全天候外罩如1/4英寸聚碳酸酯内适于远程独立使用。切换到最佳模式的效率增强了低压操作及低能量消耗。使用LED照明器、固态CCD技术及受控可调节的电压,双摄像机监视和控制***可在没有维修或维护的情况下长期有效运行。
附图说明
图1为该***的立体图,其示出了在完备的外罩中的双摄像机***,其装备用于来自远程位置的监视视频的无线传输。
图2为图1的双摄像机***的侧视图。
图3为双摄像机控制及能量管理的模块及逻辑的框图。
具体实施方式
参考图1和图2,该装置包括一单色摄像机100,通过使用电荷耦合元件的技术发展水平,其被优化用于电磁光谱的红外区域中的光的波长。单色摄像机100包括一过滤彩色的(单色)镜头105,其具有提供用于视场106和焦平面107的调整装置的机构。这些调整装置在摄像机平面中的旋转既框住了目标又对其聚焦。这些调整装置的位置可通过在相应的正交平面中转动他们而被固定。该特别的镜头的应用是很重要的,因为其相对于传统的C及CS安装镜头提供了小尺寸的变焦长度。从而有助于产生全面紧凑的设计。摄像机装置安装在摄像机支架110上。该支架使摄像机很容易以正确的角度安装在摄像机滑板120上。不需要高IR灵敏度的第二摄像机200被选择,事实上其仅是一彩色摄像机。该摄像机在CCD上具有一滤光器,其将CCD的光谱响应转换成光学照片曲线的响应。这确保了在最后的视觉显示媒介上对出现在所观察的目标中的彩色进行极好的彩色再现。该摄像机还包括一红外过滤的(彩色)镜头205,其具有用于视场206和焦点207的机械调整装置。这些调整装置在摄像机的平面中的旋转框住并聚焦所观察的区域。在正交的平面中转动这些调整装置可锁住所选择的设置。此外,该镜头还包括一光圈孔,以限制落在CCD敏感元件上的光能。孔的大小可由微型电机208调节,该电机安装在镜头的旁边。该电机由安装在摄像机支架210的正面上的自动光圈控制器板230驱动。该控制器板具有两个用于孔的调节的电位器。一种调节,在电位器250上设定电机的增益从而调节孔。电位器255的调节设定控制的灵敏度,其基于看得见的光的最大量或平均量,或二者的结合。摄像机100和200本身被安装在摄像机支架229的后面。摄像机支架229及支架使摄像机很容易以正确的角度连接到摄像机滑板120,其接下来被连接到墙上托架140。被有效安装在摄像机滑板120上的两个摄像机允许摄像机悬挂在主外罩体500的范围之外。该滑板被设计来沿在主拖板400内切削的槽121滑动。随着摄像机延伸远离主外罩体,调节可在上面提及的变焦及自动光圈镜头的最初位置进行。摄像机可被滑回到完成调节的位置,且滑板固定在该位置。主拖板400由吊板构成,其设计来施加使其被推并滑进主外罩500的正好足够的张力,并抓紧外罩的内翅片505和506。主拖板400提供安装用于照明器阵列600的电压调节板650及用于摄像机100和200的分离的电压调节板651。在最后组装进主外罩500之前,所有组件均可被安装并在主拖板400上测试,这使得制造比较容易。装置的外罩借助于后板550而被完成,该后板使用橡胶O形环垫圈560而连接到主外罩500,该垫圈使装置的后部密封从而不让灰尘和水进入。装置的前部由前罩570和前窗组件构成。前窗组件由窗板580、底部丙烯酸树脂窗585、及顶部丙烯酸树脂窗590构成。两个窗口均被选择成对红外线及能见光波长是透明的。窗夹板575被向下夹紧在凸缘531和532上的双头螺柱上面并附上各自的螺母561和562。其在适当位置压缩和紧闭一模铸垫圈595,使得装置密封从而防止水进入。在主外罩内,窗口被故意设计成两个分开的窗口,其间有隔板595,从而使得来自照明阵列的光不能从上半部分通过到下半部分,从而避免由于来自阵列的光的内部反射而导致不想要的光学效应。内部反射还通过两个窗口之间的不透明的光学挡板597而得以进一步减少。前罩570包括一扩展的顶罩599、边罩594和593、及连接到窗夹板575的底部防护罩592。照明器阵列600还由PCB605构成,其在一阵列中具有红外线发光二极管606。电路板被设计成具有可能用于每一连接的最大铜区。这有助于热传递。PCB安装在散热片610及一导热但电绝缘的薄片620上。该薄片620还是易曲折的,并与由PCB上的焊接点在PCB的后部上形成的不平坦表面相适应。散热片本身可被制造,从而翅片630向外弹并稳固地压靠在主外罩500的内侧。由LED产生的热量接着由导热薄片从大的铜垫传递给散热片。散热片导热给主外罩,其将热量消散在周围的环境中。用于摄像机100和200的分离的电压调节板651采用了使用回扫拓扑的开关式电源。这就允许较宽的输入交流及直流电压范围,在输出电压之下及之上。输出也是绝缘的,从而消除了与多摄像机***关联的接地环路问题。该电路还包含一环境光强度传感光电池703和开关电路652,其根据环境光强度发送正确的视频信号给输出连接器653。LED电压调节板650控制LED的驱动并允许辐射光能的调整。一用于瞄准移动的无源红外线敏感元件阵列702使电源保持在零活度期间,同时,在高环境光强度期间,环境光强度传感光电池703用于电源保持。能量消耗控制模块990调节由太阳电池板710进行的对电池708的充电。这些功能与摄像机及照明控制模块995控制的功能互相连接。有一天线804用于无线电频率收发器707,该收发器用于发射视频并接收对于该装置的指令,该装置被连接以高密度数字数据存储器712,且因特网协议(IP)模块713可经蜂窝式便携无线电话寻址。
参考图3,检测低光强度910的环境光敏感元件900使得***切换到单色摄像机模式901,并启动适当程度的红外照明902。当环境光敏感元件900检测高光强度920时,***切换到彩色摄像机模式。红外照明902被关掉。如果可用,适当强度的人造能见光904可被打开。光圈控制930提供了将由摄像机聚集的所要求强度的光,并允许最佳的焦距931。镜头控制960根据用户的交互选择或根据***对所监视的场景内的各种类型的事件所预设的反应944来管理单色摄像机缩放932、单色景深933、彩色缩放970、及彩色景深971的选择。运动传感950经摄像机及照明控制模块向镜头控制及红外照明902提供输入。其决定是否启动单色摄像机100或彩色摄像机200并选择用于由无线介质975传输的视频信号输出974。视频及数据压缩/解压缩模块976可被嵌入在介质处理中。
能量消耗监控模块990追踪电池能量991、环境能源可用性992、及运动传感。响应于所提供的信息,能量消耗监控模块990将在适当时机打开充电电路993,并还将给摄像机和照明控制模块995和收发器996提供***能量可用性信息994,以在必要时为了保存能量消耗而减小每秒处理或传输的视频帧的数量。
间歇性的红外照明及间歇性的照片传输因而可被用于替代持续照明及连续的视频传输,以在***的视场中的低活动期间、低电池能量期间、或环境再充电能源低可用性期间大大削减能量消耗。
独立的双摄像机监视和控制***因而适于使用在太昂贵、不方便或不可能使用高压电源的地方,或使用在没有现成的电能源或没有用于传输视频信息给基站的电线的地方。实例可以是特殊事件、游行、音乐会、展览会、体育事件、公共活动、建筑区、野外、及送人去查看太危险的危险区的监视,但又想要高质量的图像,图像在吴光或低环境光条件中在红外照明下自动成为聚焦的单色红外图像,而在环境光足够时自动成为聚焦的彩色图像。
很显然,其他形状的外罩也可用于双摄像机独立***,从而替代示出的外罩。例如,外罩可以是弹道塑料或金属制成的圆顶或球体,具体多个用于照明器和双摄像机的无失真的扁平窗口,且摄像机和照明器关于圆顶内的一中心轴可旋转地安装并平衡,其还可被机械驱动而用于在两个轴上进行360度的移动镜头和倾斜操作。一风车或热交换器可用在太阳电池板的位置以使操作能够远离电网。
所述发明可体现为其他形式,且在不脱离本发明精神或实质特征的情况下可有另外的选择和附件。因此,在此公开的实施例应被认为是描述性的、不限定性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是由前面的描述指示,在与权利要求等价的意思和范围内的所有变化应被认为是包含在本发明之内。
Claims (19)
1、一种双摄像机监视和控制***,包括:
a)一用于在明亮的日间条件下观察的彩色摄像机;
b)一用于在黑暗的夜间的红外光照明条件下观察的单色摄像机;
c)一红外照明器;
d)一控制模块,其根据环境光条件选择彩色或单色摄像机工作及选择红外光照明。
2、根据权利要求1所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中:彩色摄像机具有一最适于彩色的带有红外过滤的镜头。
3、根据权利要求1所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中:单色摄像机具有一最适于单色观察的镜头。
4、根据权利要求1所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中:为了红外线灵敏度,单色摄像机被增压。
5、根据权利要求1所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中:红外照明器在805-995纳米的电磁辐射范围内给以照明。
6、根据权利要求1所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中:彩色摄像机和单色摄像机各自均具有一独立的镜头,该镜头具有一经控制模块的分开的变焦控制,并提供无焦点位移的从日间到夜间操作的模式转换。
7、根据权利要求1所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,还包括一在每一独立镜头中独立控制光圈的自动光圈控制板。
8、根据权利要求1所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中:视频输出信号根据环境光强度从单色转换成彩色。
9、根据权利要求2所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中:
a)单色摄像机具有一最适于单色观察的镜头;
b)为了红外线灵敏度,单色摄像机被增压;
c)红外照明器在805-995纳米的电磁辐射范围内给以照明;
d)彩色摄像机和单色摄像机各自均具有一独立的镜头,该镜头具有一经控制模块的分开的变焦控制,并提供无焦点位移的从日间到夜间操作的模式转换;
e)一在每一独立镜头中独立控制光圈的自动光圈控制板;
f)视频输出信号根据环境光强度被从单色转换成彩色。
10、根据权利要求1所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,包括:
a)一能源***,该***具有电池、能量消耗监控模块、及用于电池的环境能源充电器;
b)一低能量检测模块;
c)一用于将视频传输给基站的无线发射机。
11、根据权利要求10所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,还包括一用于从基站接收对于该***的指令的无线接收机。
12、根据权利要求10所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中能量消耗监控模块包括一日间/夜间敏感元件及一能量选择开关,且其中环境能源充电器是将太阳能转换成电流的太阳电池板。
13、根据权利要求10所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,还包括一通信板,其可在远程位置聪明地捕获想要的相关视频数据以用于传输到另一位置。
14、根据权利要求10所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,还包括一因特网协议模块,通过该模块,用户可在因特网上在远程位置控制监视摄像机。
15、根据权利要求10所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,还包括一基于人造卫星的视频数据传输模块。
16、根据权利要求10所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,还包括一用于需要风雨密的组件的外罩。
17、根据权利要求10所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,其中能量消耗监控模块包括一日间/夜间敏感元件及一能量选择开关,且其中环境能源充电器是将太阳能转换成电流的太阳电池板,且还包括:
a)一通信板,其可在远程位置聪明地捕获想要的相关视频数据以用于传输到另一位置;
b)一因特网协议模块,通过该模块,用户可在远程位置控制监视摄像机;
c)一基于人造卫星的视频数据传输模块;
d)一用于需要风雨密的组件的外罩。
18、根据权利要求9所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,包括:
a)一能源***,该***具有电池、能量消耗监控模块、及用于电池的环境能源充电器,其中能量消耗监控模块包括一日间/夜间敏感元件、一低能量检测模块、及一能量选择开关,且其中环境能源充电器是将太阳能转换成电流的太阳电池板;
b)一无线收发器,用于传输视频给基站及用于从基站接收对于该***的指令;
c)一通信板,其可在远程位置聪明地捕获想要的相关视频数据以用于传输到另一位置;
d)一因特网协议模块,通过该模块,用户可在因特网上在远程位置控制监视摄像机;
e)一基于人造卫星的视频数据传输模块;
f)一用于需要风雨密的组件的外罩。
19、根据权利要求10所述的双摄像机监视和控制***,还包括一用于需要风雨密的组件的外罩,实质上球形的圆盖具有扁平的窗口,彩色摄像机和单色摄像机安装在球体内的中心轴上,以可在两个轴上进行360度的移动镜头及倾斜旋转。
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US20030093805A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
WO2003043316A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
CN1279751C (zh) | 2006-10-11 |
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