CN1609024A - Short basalt fiber making method and apparatus - Google Patents

Short basalt fiber making method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1609024A
CN1609024A CN 200310117774 CN200310117774A CN1609024A CN 1609024 A CN1609024 A CN 1609024A CN 200310117774 CN200310117774 CN 200310117774 CN 200310117774 A CN200310117774 A CN 200310117774A CN 1609024 A CN1609024 A CN 1609024A
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Prior art keywords
basalt
ore
fiber
staple fibre
sio
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奥斯诺斯·谢尔盖·彼德洛维奇
李中郢
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SHENZHEN INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIVE ACADEMY
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SHENZHEN INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIVE ACADEMY
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the technological process and apparatus for producing short basalt fiber with basalt melt. The present invention provides the selection principle of basalt material for different application fields; gives the basalt melting temperature range 1450-1550 deg.c, temperature controlling range 1430-1490 deg.c in the material feeding part and the temperature range 1420-1480 deg.c for the melt to be jet; gives the blowing pressure range and airflow speed range for blowing short basalt fiber; and determines the production apparatus for producing short basalt fiber.

Description

Basalt staple fibre manufacture method and equipment
The present invention relates to produce the production technique and the employed related production device of staple fibre by basalt ore fused solution.
Basalt is the ore that is in the volcano magma place of production, and the Nature makes it have very high chemical stability and thermostability from birth.The basalt ore is the single component raw material that the Nature provides, and the selected and homogenizing of its melting is volcanics active result.
The fiber of being made by the basalt ore (basalt fibre is called for short in the back) has very high initial strength from birth, and the effect of the medium of anti-various active the and thermostability height, life-span are long.
Basalt fibre has very wide application prospect in fields such as the energy, metallurgy, machinofacture, chemical industry, agricultural, building materials industrys.The application of basalt fibre is especially extensive in the manufacturing of sound thermal insulating material, high temperature resistant and Filters, electrically insulating material, matrix material and goods thereof that chemical stability is high.
Basalt fibre is better than glass fibre in the parameter aspect intensity, chemical stability, use temperature and the water absorbability, and it still has the substitute of the asbestos fibre material of carcinogenesis.The raw material of making basalt fibre is restricted hardly, and the extensive and a lot of mineral resources in its places of origin of raw materials are easy to exploitation.Yet the widespread use of basalt fibre also is subjected to the restriction of the production technique of its relative complex always.So research has great realistic meaning with the manufacturing process of improving basalt fibre.
No matter be that the strainer of dust granules in the flue gas and the strainer of sewage cleaning usefulness are got rid of in manufacturing sound thermal insulating material, cleaning, still needed material is irrigated in improvement of no native hydroponics material of manufacturing and water and soil and soil all needs a large amount of basalt staple fibres.The classification of basalt staple fibre and the Application Areas of basalt short fiber material have been provided in the table 1.
Table 1.
The basalt staple fibre of Fibre diameter d=5-9 μ m, length L=30-70mm (Б Т В).
Material and goods by the basalt fibre making Application Areas
Sound thermal insulating material: coarse cloth, Nomex, soft or hard slab and other goods.The lap of roof manufacturing usefulness, electrical isolation goods, filtering flow materials such as basalt plastics, printed circuit board (PCB). Construction industry, the energy, machinofacture, shipbuilding, metallurgy, chemical industry, fire-retardant material production industry, matrix material manufacturing, biotechnology, agricultural.
The basalt staple fibre of Fibre diameter d=10-20 μ m, length L=30-70mm (Б Т В)
Strengthen improveing and irrigate needed material, chopped strand-concrete and pitch reinforcement material with the strainer of dust granules in coarse cloth, the cleaning eliminating flue gas and strainer, draining goods, the water and soil of sewage cleaning usefulness. Metallurgy, chemical industry, building, road construction, water and soil improvement and irrigation.
The invention provides the comparatively perfect method and apparatus of making the basalt staple fibre.Wherein comprise following main points in the producing and manufacturing technique of basalt staple fibre
1. raw mineral materials is selected, and the content of promptly producing the various chemical ingredientss that the basalt ore of basalt staple fibre comprised should be within the given scope of table 2.
Table 2.
Chemical ingredients ?SiO 2 ?Al 2O 3 ?Fe 2O 3?FeO ?CaO ?MgO ?MnO ?TiO 2 ?Na 2O ?K 2O прочие примеси
Minimum % ?42 ?12 ?3.5 ?4.5 ?3.0 ?0.8 ?2.5 ?2.0
The highest .% ?60 ?20 ?16 ?12 ?6.5 ?2.1 ?6.0 ?3.5
Three kinds of silicate component proportionss that are suitable for making in the basalt ore of basalt staple fibre are provided by the triangular plot of Figure of description 1.In addition, for making the basalt staple fibre, some chemical ingredientss in the basalt also should satisfy the following proportionlity.
1.1. if press that following formula defines basalt ore basal component concern modulus Mc, promptly
Mc=(SiO 2+Al 2O 3)/(Fe 2O 3+FeO+TiO 2+CaO+MgO+K 2O+Na 2O)
Then producing the used ore of basalt staple fibre should satisfy condition:
1.7>Mc>3.2.
The wire vent characteristic of ore fused solution when the relational expression of the Mc that provides has above determined to make the basalt staple fibre.The basalt wire vent characteristic evaluation of different chemical composition shows that the Mc of basic oxide compound and association oxide ratio relation can make the wire vent characteristic optimum of fused solution in the description basalt ore between 1.7~3.2.When Mc less than 1.7 the time, the fiber that comes out from small opening is easily broken; And when Mc greater than 3.2 the time, the viscosity of molten ore fusing difficulty of basalt and melts increases, and the wire vent characteristic is degenerated.
1.2. as press basic oxide S iO in the following formula definition basalt ore 2, Al 2O 3With the ratio of basic oxide CaO, MgO be the acid modulus M of basalt ore κ, that is:
M κ=(SiO 2+ Al 2O 3)/(CaO+MgO) be M concerning producing the basalt staple fibre then κShould satisfy following relational expression:
7.2>M κ>4.3。
M κBoth influence the wire vent characteristic of basalt fused solution, determined the thermostability and the chemical stability of basalt fibre again.On the whole, the content that increases basic oxide CaO, MgO can reduce the wire vent ability and the viscosity of temperature of fusion, melts, but can improve the crystallization tendency of melts and fiber, and this all has detrimentally affect to fibre strength and the thermostability index of being produced.
1.3. produce SiO in the used ore of basalt staple fibre 2And Al 2O 3Total content should be between 54~80%.In only between this Composition Region, could guarantee required wire-drawing temperature interval, melts wire vent characteristic, viscosity, surface tension and the crystallisation by cooling speed that must have.SiO 2And Al 2O 3Total content ensure melts necessary viscosity in by wire vent winding-up staple fibre process.In addition, SiO 2And Al 2O 3Content also determine intensity, temperature stability and the chemical stability of basalt fibre.
SiO 2And Al 2O 3Total content be lower than at 54% o'clock and can make wire vent and interrupt and can increase non-fiber clamp the foreign material (" content of ball "); And when their total amount surpasses 75~80%, can increase the viscosity of temperature of fusion and wire vent melts, the technology difficulty that staple fibre is produced can be increased like this, but the temperature stability of the fiber of producing can be improved.
1.4. make the oxide S iO of glass 2Content should be between 42~60%, could ensure silica ionic linkage required when producing the basalt staple fibre like this with blowing process.SiO 2Content is lower than at 42% o'clock and can forms more weak silica ionic linkage in the fused solution of wire vent, thereby makes wire vent produce a large amount of broken ends, the stability of influence winding-up staple process.And in minable basalt mineral resources ground, seldom meet SiO 2Content is higher than 60% situation.
1.5. the Al in the basalt ore 2O 3Can adjust the viscosity of melts and give temperature and the chemical stability that fiber is determined.Recommend Al in the basalt ore 2O 3Content between 12~20%.
CaO can improve the wire vent characteristic of basalt melts to a certain extent.It can reduce the viscosity of temperature of fusion and melts, but can reduce the use temperature and the chemical stability of fiber simultaneously.The content of recommending CaO in the basalt ore is between 4.5~12%.
FeO and Fe 2O 3Same temperature profile and the chemical stability that influences basalt fibre.Their content fluctuates between 3.5~12% in the basalt ore.
K 2O and Na 2O can reduce the viscosity of ore temperature of fusion and melts greatly, and reduces the temperature stability and the chemical stability of fiber.
MgO can improve the use temperature of fiber, but it can reduce the chemical stability of fiber, and the content of recommending MgO in the basalt ore is between 4.5~12%.
TiO in the basalt ore 2Content is not high, but it can improve the temperature stability and the chemical stability of basalt fibre.
The choosing of basalt composition of ores finally can determine the performance of the basalt fibre produced and intensity, use temperature and the chemical stability of basalt fibre goods thereof.In the middle of the basalt fibre actual production, should be according to the demand of concrete Application Areas, by the selected basalt ore of the composition influence rule of above introduction with optimum chemical ingredients.
1.6. the basalt composition of ores that table 2 provides is suitable for making the needed fire-resistant thermal insulating material of building trade equally, thermal insulation material promptly for building does not have special requirement to the basalt raw material.The basalt staple fibre that the production thermal insulating material is used should have the diameter (d=5-9 μ m) that (L=30-70mm) has minimum under the bigger length condition.Meanwhile, in order to reduce basaltic temperature of fusion and to reduce the production cost of fiber, Fe in the basalt ore 2O 3Can reach 16% with the content of FeO, CaO content can reach 12%, Na 2O and K 2The content of O can reach 6%.
1.7. produce thermal insulation material, the filtrating smoke dust equipment that under 600-700 ℃ of temperature, uses and should have the given chemical ingredients of table 3 at the required basalt ore of choosing of disposable fire-protection system material below 1000 ℃:
Table 3.
Chemical ingredients ??SiO 2 ??Al 2O 3 ??Fe 2O 3. ??FeO ??CaO ??MgO, ??MnO ??TiO 2 ??Na 2O,K 2O
Minimum % ??48 ??12 ??3.5 ??4.5 ??3.0 ??1.0 ??2.5
Maximum .% ??60 ??20 ??12 ??12 ??6.5 ??2.1 ??6.0
Produce the needed basalt fibre of said products and should have sufficiently high intensity and hot operation characteristic.So SiO in the basalt ore 2And Al 2O 3The content of these basic oxide compounds should be between 65~80%.
FeO and Fe in the basalt ore 2O 3Content influence the temperature performance and the chemical stability of fiber equally.When fiber is heated to 700 ℃ by 500 ℃, because oxidising process will make FeO change Fe into 2O 3, brown red color, the fibre property that crystallisation procedure does can take place fiber at this moment, form coarse grained magnesite body and present ferric oxide will become fragile when the time comes and fracture destruction easily.So produce Fe when 700 ℃ of basalt fibres of working down 2O 3Content ratio Fe with FeO 2O 3/ FeO should be greater than 0.5, and their total body burden should not be higher than 12%.
TiO in the basalt ore 2Content not high, but its existence can improve the thermostability and the chemical stability of basalt fibre, the basalt ore of therefore recommending to choose should contain and is not less than 1% TiO 2
1.8. no matter be make the required strainer of relief liquor, soil improvement and the irrigation of city rural domestic waste, chemical petroleum industry, or the strengthening material of making fibrous concrete in building and Road construction medium pitch concrete surface all needs to choose and can guarantee that the fiber of being produced has the basalt ore of high chemical stability.The basalt composition of ores that is suitable for the high basalt fibre goods of manufacturing chemistry stability is listed in table 4.
Table 4
Chemical ingredients ?SiO 2 ?Al 2O 3 ?Fe 2O 3, ?FeO ?CaO ?MgO, ?MnO ?TiO 2 ?Na 2O, ?K 2O
Minimum value % ?47 ?15 ?3.5 ?4.5 ?3.0 ?1.2 ?2.5
Maximum value .% ?60 ?20 ?12 ?8 ?6.5 ?2.1 ?2.5
K in the basalt ore that recommendation is chosen 2O and Na 2The content of O should not be higher than 2.5%.
2. raw material pulverizing, be about to produce basalt ore that the basalt staple fibre uses and smash to pieces to the fineness of loading in smelting furnace easily (as the granularity that ore is worked into 20~50mm or than this higher granularity), the share of fuel filling is as the criterion to guarantee that melting zone smelt level in the smelting furnace is stablized.
3. the basalt ore melts in smelting furnace after diversion trench flows in the loader, is subjected to the different influence of chemical ingredients, and the temperature of fusion of basalt ore is between 1450~1550 ℃.The temperature of basalt ore melts when the loader position is about between 1430~1490 ℃.
4. for guaranteeing that melts has wire drawing and the needed viscosity of winding-up staple fibre, the bushing loader will carry out in 1420~1480 ℃ temperature range with the wire vent process of beam form.
5. after the basalt melts goes out through bushing loader orifice flow, or enter into the parts of winding-up fiber or enter the fiber blowing part with some strands feam column form with the feam column form of one 8~12mm diameter, and in the fiber blowing part, will be energy carrier the feam column of basalt melts be applied jetting pressure with pressurized air or overheated gas.The speed that energy carrier in fiber winding-up district flows approaches the velocity of sound.Under the velocity function of energy carrier stream, can make the beam of basalt melts become the basalt staple fibre.
6. the staple fibre of being jetted out by the fiber blowing part is introduced into the fiber laydown chamber, and the coarse cloth of then falling on the travelling belt is online, after this carries out corresponding subsequent processing according to concrete needs to falling the online staple fibre of travelling belt coarse cloth again.
Fig. 2 in the process unit Figure of description that production basalt staple fibre is used.
The equipment of producing staple fibre by institute of the present invention narration method comprises: (1) quantitatively adds the feeding device of basalt ore, (2) ore smelting furnace, the molten bath of (3) smelting furnace, the loader of (4) smelting furnace, (5) burner, (6) interchanger, (7) bushing, (8) blowing head, (9) fiber laydown chamber, (10) travelling belt, (11) vacuum chamber, (12) seal shaft.
The explanation of device principle of work
Device is realized the method for producing the basalt staple fibre of the present invention in the following manner:
Referring to Figure of description 2, with the basalt ore powder be broken to 20~50mm granularity or thicker can be by dosing device (1) easily to the granularity of fusing furnace charge.With dosing device (1) the basalt ore is joined in the ore smelting furnace.The feed ore addition amount is as the criterion with the plane stability that guarantees the basalt melts in the smelting furnace.Piling up the smelting furnace (2) of fire-resistant heat insulating material is made up of melt portions (being molten bath (3)) and wire drawing part (being loader (4)).Smelting furnace relies on burner (5) to heat.For heating the air of delivering in the burner in advance, be provided with interchanger (6) in the device, its relies on the heat of the products of combustion that is given off to heat the air that will enter burner.In process furnace molten bath (3), the basalt ore will melt in 1450~1550 ℃ temperature range.The melts of fusing enters temperature in 1430~1490 ℃ loader space.Melts forms sub-thread or multiply melts beam through bushing (7) subsequently.Bushing (7) passes through current flow heats.Viscosity needs according to the actual wire vent of basalt composition of ores and melts must guarantee that the temperature-stable of bushing (7) is between 1420~1480 ℃.
From the effusive diameter of bushing (7) is that the sub-thread of 8~12mm or multiply feam column enter among the fiber blowing head (8), also will send into pressurized air or the superheated gas that energy carrier-pressure is 0.6~0.9MPa in blowing head (8) simultaneously.Under the effect of energy carrier, the melts beam is dispersed into independent molten drop, and these independent molten drops elongate under the sedimentation exhalation of energy carrier and form the basalt staple fibre.For jetting the basalt staple fibre, the temperature of energy carrier in the blowing head jet pipe will be near the velocity of sound.Produce 1 kilogram of pressurized air that fiber consumed and approximately will be controlled at 8.0~11m 3Between.
The staple fibre that is come out by blowing head (8) winding-up enters among the fiber laydown chamber 9 that is positioned on the travelling belt (10).Negative-pressure vacuum chamber (11) is arranged under travelling belt (10), constantly from the negative-pressure vacuum chamber, deflate with induced-draft fan, be deposited on the travelling belt and the necessary negative pressure of formation felted thing on the grid of travelling belt so that set up the staple fibre that can make in the fiber laydown chamber.The basalt staple fiber batt is rolled axle (12) and is rolled and densification in along with the process of conveyer belt, enter into processing sound thermal isolation coarse cloth, mat, slab subsequently as required, process other and give birth to the thermal isolation goods, in the middle of the operation of materials such as processing strainer.

Claims (7)

1. produce diameter required basalt ore of choosing when 5~10 μ m or bigger slightly basalt staple fibre and should have the composition range shown in the following table: Chemical ingredients SiO 2 ?Al 2O 3 ?Fe 2O 3?FeO ?CaO ?MgO ?MnO ?TiO 2 ?Na 2O ?K 2O All the other magazines Minimum % 42 ?12 ?3.5 ?4.5 ?3.0 ?0.8 ?2.5 ?2.0 Maximum .% 60 ?20 ?16 ?12 ?6.5 ?2.1 ?6.0 ?3.5
In addition, produce and also should satisfy relation between the chemical composition of the basalt ore that the basalt staple fibre uses: 1.7>Mc>3.2.[Mc=(SiO 2+ Al 2O 3)/(Fe 2O 3+ FeO+TiO 2+ CaO+MgO+K 2O+Na 2O)]
7.2>Mκ>4.3[Mκ=(SiO 2+Al 2O 3)/(CaO+MgO)]
SiO in the ore that production basalt staple fibre is used 2And Al 2O 3Total body burden should be between 54~80%.
SiO in the ore that production basalt staple fibre is used 2Content should be between 42~60%.
The composition form that provides above is suitable for matching the basalt ore of making lagging material for building equally, but for temperature of fusion that reduces the basalt ore and the cost of manufacture that reduces fiber, the content of oxide compound hard to tolerate in the ore can be improved, i.e. Fe 2O 3Can reach 16% with the content of FeO, CaO content can reach 12%, Na 2O and K 2The content of O can reach 6%.
For producing thermal insulation material, the filtrating smoke dust equipment that under 600-700 ℃ of temperature, uses and choosing composition basalt ore as shown in the table at disposable fire-protection system material require below 1000 ℃: Chemical ingredients ??SiO 2 ??Al 2O 3 ???Fe 2O 3, ???FeO ??CaO ????MgO, ????MnO ????TiO 2 ???Na 2O,K 2O Minimum % ??48 ??12 ???3.5 ??4.5 ????3.0 ????1.0 ???2.5 Maximum .% ??60 ??20 ???12 ??12 ????6.5 ????2.1 ???6.0
Produce the needed basalt fibre of said products and should have sufficiently high intensity and hot operation characteristic.So SiO in the basalt ore 2And Al 2O 3The content of these basic oxide compounds should be between 65~80%.
Make the required strainer of relief liquor, soil improvement and the irrigation of city rural domestic waste, chemical petroleum industry and make fibrous concrete in building and the strengthening material of Road construction medium pitch concrete surface all needs to choose and can guarantee that the fiber of being produced has the basalt ore of high chemical stability.The basalt composition of ores that is suitable for the high basalt fibre goods of manufacturing chemistry stability is listed by following table. Chemical ingredients SiO 2 ?Al 2O 3 ?Fe 2O 3, ?FeO ?CaO ?MgO, ?MnO ?TiO 2 ?Na 2O, ?K 2O Minimum value % 47 ?15 ?3.5 ?4.5 ?3.0 ?1.2 ?2.5 Maximum value .% 60 ?20 ?12 ?8 ?6.5 ?2.1 ?2.5
2. the basalt ore is smashed the criterion of with the melting zone smelt level stable raw material that be as the criterion that guarantee smelting furnace in processing and load dosage to the share of easy fineness of loading and fuel filling in smelting furnace to pieces.
3. the basalt ore melts in smelting furnace after diversion trench flows in the loader, be subjected to the different influence of chemical ingredients, the temperature range (between 1430~1490 ℃) of required control when temperature of fusion of the required control of basalt ore (promptly between 1450~1550 ℃) and basalt ore melts are positioned at the loader position.
4. for guaranteeing that melts has wire drawing and the needed viscosity of winding-up staple fibre, the bushing loader will carry out in 1420~1480 ℃ temperature range with the wire vent process of beam form.
5. the basalt melts goes out the parts that feam column that the back forms will enter into the winding-up fiber through bushing loader orifice flow, and will be energy carrier to the jetting pressure that feam column was applied of basalt melts (promptly 0.6~0.9MPa) with pressurized air or overheated gas in the fiber blowing part.The speed (promptly approaching the velocity of sound) that energy carrier stream in fiber winding-up district will reach.Under the velocity function of energy carrier stream, the beam of basalt melts loose to drip becomes the basalt staple fibre.
6. the staple fibre of being jetted out by the fiber blowing part is introduced into the fiber laydown chamber, and the coarse cloth of then falling on the travelling belt is online, after this carries out corresponding subsequent processing according to concrete needs to falling the online staple fibre of travelling belt coarse cloth again.
7. the equipment of producing staple fibre by institute of the present invention narration method should comprise: (1) quantitatively adds the feeding device of basalt ore, (2) ore smelting furnace, the molten bath of (3) smelting furnace, the loader of (4) smelting furnace, (5) burner, (6) interchanger, (7) bushing, (8) blowing head, (9) fiber laydown chamber, (10) travelling belt, (11) vacuum chamber, (12) seal shaft.
CN 200310117774 2003-09-02 2003-12-31 Short basalt fiber making method and apparatus Pending CN1609024A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100448508C (en) * 2007-02-02 2009-01-07 江苏正大森源集团 Basalt fiber high temperature compositing filter material
CN101974816A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-02-16 淄博新力特种纤维科技有限公司 Basalt fiber short-cut yarn for high-temperature acupuncture filter felt
CN1876587B (en) * 2005-06-06 2012-07-18 丰田自动车株式会社 Basalt fiber material
CN103951269A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-30 武汉理工大学 Glass fiber heat insulating cotton taking gold copper tailings as main raw material and preparation method thereof
CN104176813A (en) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-03 四川航天拓鑫玄武岩实业有限公司 Fenton reagent and preparation method thereof
CN105541101A (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-04 四川力久知识产权服务有限公司 Preparation method of basalt fiber having through pores
CN111484258A (en) * 2020-03-25 2020-08-04 江苏诺纤新材料有限公司 Surface treatment and lasting quality guarantee processing technology for glass fiber short shreds for flue gas dust removal filter material
CN111517662A (en) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-11 宁波东邦新材料有限公司 Method for manufacturing basalt short fibers

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1876587B (en) * 2005-06-06 2012-07-18 丰田自动车株式会社 Basalt fiber material
CN100448508C (en) * 2007-02-02 2009-01-07 江苏正大森源集团 Basalt fiber high temperature compositing filter material
CN101974816A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-02-16 淄博新力特种纤维科技有限公司 Basalt fiber short-cut yarn for high-temperature acupuncture filter felt
CN103951269A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-30 武汉理工大学 Glass fiber heat insulating cotton taking gold copper tailings as main raw material and preparation method thereof
CN103951269B (en) * 2014-04-22 2016-08-17 武汉理工大学 A kind of spun-glass insulation with gold copper tailing as main material is cotton and preparation method thereof
CN104176813A (en) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-03 四川航天拓鑫玄武岩实业有限公司 Fenton reagent and preparation method thereof
CN104176813B (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-06-22 四川航天拓鑫玄武岩实业有限公司 Fenton reagent preparation method
CN105541101A (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-04 四川力久知识产权服务有限公司 Preparation method of basalt fiber having through pores
CN105541101B (en) * 2015-12-14 2018-03-06 四川力久知识产权服务有限公司 A kind of preparation method of the basalt fibre with through hole
CN111484258A (en) * 2020-03-25 2020-08-04 江苏诺纤新材料有限公司 Surface treatment and lasting quality guarantee processing technology for glass fiber short shreds for flue gas dust removal filter material
CN111517662A (en) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-11 宁波东邦新材料有限公司 Method for manufacturing basalt short fibers

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