CN111517662A - Method for manufacturing basalt short fibers - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing basalt short fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN111517662A CN111517662A CN202010355628.9A CN202010355628A CN111517662A CN 111517662 A CN111517662 A CN 111517662A CN 202010355628 A CN202010355628 A CN 202010355628A CN 111517662 A CN111517662 A CN 111517662A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000503 Na-aluminosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003487 anti-permeability effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009411 base construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020130 leben Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000289 melt material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052655 plagioclase feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000429 sodium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012217 sodium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/06—Mineral fibres, e.g. slag wool, mineral wool, rock wool
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/06—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by blasting or blowing molten glass, e.g. for making staple fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
- C03B37/083—Nozzles; Bushing nozzle plates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/1025—Coating to obtain fibres used for reinforcing cement-based products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/12—General methods of coating; Devices therefor
- C03C25/14—Spraying
- C03C25/146—Spraying onto fibres in suspension in a gaseous medium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of basalt short fiber, which is characterized in that basalt fiber is subjected to reasonable distribution design of basalt batching, melting and wire drawing processes, and is subjected to uniform impregnating compound spraying treatment, so that the flexibility of the basalt short fiber is effectively improved, the processing performance of the basalt short fiber is further improved, the steps of the preparation method adopted by the invention are simple, the yield of the prepared basalt short fiber material is high, the obtained product performance is excellent, the production cost is reasonably controlled, and the preparation method has high commercial value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of basalt fiber manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of basalt short fiber.
Background
Basalt is a kind of fine-grained compact black-appearing igneous rock, which is formed by spraying and coagulating matrix rock slurry, mainly contains sodium aluminosilicate or calcium aluminosilicate, has a silicon dioxide content of about 45-52%, and contains high iron oxide and magnesium oxide. Because of the large number of pores, sometimes large pores like almond-like structures, are produced during the eruption, and the middle is often filled with other minerals later. The basalt magma has small viscosity and is easy to flow, a large covering layer is formed, and a large number of lava benches are formed, so that the basalt magma is widely distributed.
The basalt can be classified into Laban basalt, alkaline basalt and high-aluminum basalt according to different components; according to the structure, the basalt can be divided into porous basalt, almond basalt and basalt glass; it can be classified into olive basalt, perillete basalt, etc. according to the difference of filling minerals.
The basalt which is not weathered is black or dark green compact rock, hexagonal crystal joints are generated after the basalt is condensed, hexagonal columns are formed after the basalt is weathered, yellow brown basalt can be formed after the basalt is severely weathered, and if the basalt is further leached by rainwater, silicon dioxide is removed to form bauxite. Some basalt pores are also filled with minerals such as copper, cobalt, sulfur and the like.
The continuous basalt fiber has excellent mechanical property, thermal stability, chemical stability and electrical insulation. The staple fiber has excellent heat resistance, thermal vibration stability, chemical stability and excellent heat insulating and sound absorbing performance, so that the staple fiber has wide application prospect. Raw material basalt for preparing continuous basalt fiber is basic ore formed by magma, and the main mineral substance is plagioclase. As no boron and other alkali metal oxides are discharged in the basalt melting process, no harmful substances are separated out in the continuous basalt fiber manufacturing process, and no harmful gas and toxic substances are discharged to the environment. The continuous basalt fiber can replace glass fiber in specific occasions and is applied to the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, automobiles, buildings and the like, so the continuous basalt fiber is known as a novel environment-friendly fiber of 'volcanic rock filamentation' and 'stone-burning metallurgy' in the 21 st century.
In recent 10 years, with the support of countries and all over the world, five to six continuous basalt fiber development and production bases have been built, the capacity is the first in the world, accounts for more than 50% of the total world production capacity, and certain applications are developed. Basalt fibers have gradually become a competitive material for reinforced composites, and are used for wind blades, composite reinforcing bars, boat anchors, geogrids, and the like because of their higher performance than alkali-free glass fibers. The basalt fiber can also be made into roving, spun yarn, geotextile, woven fabric, chopped yarn, needled felt and sleeve, and is applied to different fields by virtue of excellent chemical, physical, mechanical and high-temperature properties.
As early as 1922, the manufacturing technique of basalt fiber was proposed by Paul of french, in US patent (US 1438428). However, because natural basalt has large component fluctuation, different internal microcrystalline phase structures, high iron oxide content, fluctuation of the proportion of FeO/Fe2O3, deep color, short melt material property and the like, the continuous basalt fiber is difficult to realize large-scale production all the time, and the product performance of the continuous basalt fiber is unstable, thereby influencing the application and popularization of the basalt fiber. In 2017, the global basalt fiber demand is about 30-50 ten thousand tons, the global actual yield is less than 20000 tons, and the current production capacity is far from meeting the use demand.
The basalt chopped fiber is prepared by taking pure natural basalt ore as a raw material, melting at a high temperature of 1450-1500 ℃, and then drawing wires. The basalt chopped fiber has a smooth cylindrical appearance and a complete circular cross section, and is caused by the fact that in the fiber forming process, molten basalt shrinks into a circular shape with the smallest surface area under the action of surface tension before being drawn and cooled into solid fibers. In the asphalt mixture, compared with organic fibers, the basalt fibers have excellent mechanical properties, higher strength and elastic modulus, and effectively improve the reinforcing and toughening effects of the asphalt mixture; the working temperature range is large, the anti-aging performance is good, the material performance can not be thermally degraded at the mixing temperature of the asphalt mixture, and the chemical or dissolving reaction with the asphalt can not occur, so that the high-temperature softening condition of the asphalt can be effectively changed; compared with mineral fibers, the basalt fiber composite material has no pollution and toxicity to the environment, and the basalt fiber composite material can be recycled.
In the aspect of preparing basalt short fibers in the market at present, in the common method in the prior art, basalt needs to be melted at a high temperature of about 1450 ℃ for melting the basalt, so that the energy consumption is high, the fluidity is high, the texture of the fiber is complex, the consistency of the produced fiber is poor, the reject ratio of the product is high under the influence of the blowing air pressure and the air flow, the flexibility of the finished product is general, and the target mesh number is not easy to obtain during later crushing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of basalt short fiber, and aims to solve the problems that the required energy consumption is overlarge, the fluidity of the basalt short fiber is large, the texture of the fiber is complex, the structure is uneven, the use performance of the fiber is affected, the yield of the basalt short fiber is low, and the flexibility of a finished product is poor in the conventional preparation method of basalt short fiber.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of basalt short fiber, which comprises the following steps:
selecting raw materials: selecting basalt ore, and crushing the basalt ore into granules with granularity smaller than 10 mm;
a melting step: adding the basalt granular material into a melting furnace, wherein the melting temperature is 1300-;
a wire drawing process: the molten basalt material flows into a bushing plate through an outlet for wire drawing treatment, the temperature of the outlet is kept at 1200-1300 ℃, the aperture of a flow-out hole of the bushing plate is 10-20mm, an annular air nozzle and a spray head are arranged on the lower end face of the bushing plate, the axis of the flow-out hole and the axis of the annular air nozzle are on the same straight line, the annular air nozzle is communicated with an air source, and the spray head is communicated with a container for coating the wetting agent through a pump; the annular gas nozzle and the spray head work simultaneously, the annular gas nozzle can spray gas onto the molten basalt raw material, so that the molten material is dispersed into a plurality of independent molten drops, and the molten drops are further elongated into the basalt short fiber raw material under the action of jet flow of the gas; the spray head can spray the impregnating compound in the container according to the setting through the drive of the pump, so that the surface of the basalt short fiber raw material flowing out of the outflow hole is coated with the impregnating compound, thereby improving the flexibility of the basalt short fiber raw material.
As a preferable scheme, the iron content of the basalt ore is not higher than 1.5%, and the iron content of the basalt selected in the invention is 1% -1.5%.
Preferably, the volume of the melting furnace is less than 4m3When the hole of the bushing plate is smaller than 15mm, the blowing pressure of the annular air jet is 0.8-1.2 MPa; the volume of the melting furnace is more than 4m3When the hole of the bushing plate is larger than 15mm, the injection pressure of the annular gas nozzle needs to be increased to 1.2-2MPa, and the injection pressure of the annular gas nozzle needs to be properly increased along with the increase of the volume of the melting furnace.
Preferably, the gas ejection speed of the annular gas nozzle is 80-200m/s, the gas ejection speed of the gas nozzle can be controlled to control the length and the shape of the basalt melt finally becoming a short fiber finished product, and the length can be made uniform by controlling the speed at a value in the interval of 80-200 m/s.
Preferably, the spray head is positioned outside the annular air jet, the spray head operates while the annular air jet blows air, and the annularly distributed spray heads spray the wetting agent onto the newly formed basalt short fibers.
Preferably, the included angle between the axis of the spray head and the axis of the outflow hole is 5-45 degrees, preferably 5-20 degrees, and the spray head arranged under the condition of the included angle of 5-20 degrees can spray the basalt short fiber on the surface of the basalt short fiber relatively comprehensively, and the basalt short fiber can be coated well by controlling the distance and the spraying speed of the spray head.
Preferably, the six spray heads are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the periphery of the annular air jet, and the 6 spray heads are used for carrying out spray infiltration treatment on the basalt short fiber raw material, so that the basalt short fiber raw material is relatively integral in coating infiltration agent, uneven coating can be caused by too small or too large amount of the coating infiltration agent, and the effect is reduced.
The application of the basalt short fiber is to apply the basalt short fiber to concrete: the concrete comprises 0.5-10% of the total mass of the powder produced by grinding the basalt short fibers produced by the method for producing the basalt short fibers, and specifically, the prepared basalt short fiber material is doped into the concrete according to the mass ratio.
The technical scheme has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention reduces the melting temperature required by the melting furnace by reasonably controlling the granularity of the basalt raw material, also reduces the temperature of the outlet of the feeder, and can save about 20 percent of energy consumption compared with the traditional preparation method; meanwhile, under the mutual action of the relatively reasonable fluidity of the molten liquid in the temperature range, the reasonable flowing hole aperture, the surrounding type air jet and the impregnating compound in the atomizing environment, the prepared basalt fiber has good consistency, the flexibility of the basalt short fiber is greatly increased, and the yield is improved, so that the production cost is greatly reduced, and the crushing process of the basalt short fiber after the action of the impregnating compound is easily controlled during the subsequent crushing, so that the powder with the target mesh number is more easily obtained; the basalt short fiber prepared by the invention has better performance in industrial application; the invention does not need separate additional equipment and does not change the basic flow, thereby having lower modification cost, higher production benefit and higher commercial value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bushing according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a bushing plate 2, a flow-out hole 3, an annular air jet 4 and a spray head.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
The following examples are not provided to limit the scope of the present invention, nor are the steps described to limit the order of execution. Modifications of the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art in view of the prior art are also within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a part of an embodiment of a nozzle plate 1 according to the present invention, the nozzle plate 1 is designed to be circular as a whole, the nozzle plate 1 is provided with an outflow hole 2, the diameter of the outflow hole 1 is 10mm-20mm, the lower end surface of the bushing plate 1 is provided with an annular air jet 3 and 6 annular uniformly distributed spray heads 4, the spray head 4 is communicated with a container filled with the impregnating compound through a pump, the impregnating compound can be directly sprayed out, the annular air nozzle is communicated with an air source (the pump, the container and the air source are not marked in the figure), in actual operation, the annular gas ejection port 3 located at the lower portion of the bushing operates simultaneously with the atomizing head 4, the gas flow ejected from the annular gas ejection port 3 is used to convert the single-strand molten material flowing out of the outflow hole 2 into basalt short fibers, and the atomizing head 4 located at the lower end face of the bushing 1 further ejects the sizing agent onto the basalt short fibers.
Examples
1. Selecting and crushing raw materials, namely selecting basalt ore with iron content of 1-1.5%, cleaning to remove soil, stacking in a raw material warehouse, conveying to a crusher through a conveying belt, and crushing the basalt ore to obtain particles with granularity of less than or equal to 10mm (the granularity is generally controlled to be 6mm +/-2 mm), wherein the particles can be crushed to be finer, such as less than 5mm, but the preferable range is 4-8mm, so that the comprehensive production cost is relatively low, and the finer production cost is higher; but the finer the more easily the solution is.
2. The conveyer belt puts basalt particles into the melting furnace, the melting furnace built by refractory heat-insulating material is composed of a melting bath part and a feeder part, the melting furnace is heated by a burner (gas) or an electric heating device, the melted basalt melt is discharged onto the bushing 1 through the feeder outlet of the melting furnace, the melting temperature in the melting furnace is 1300-, in the two temperature ranges, the molten pool part can orderly flow into the feeder, the back surge condition is not easy to occur, the stability of the basalt solution is ensured, the continuity of the basalt solution flowing out of the outlet of the feeder is good, so that the consistency of the texture of the produced basalt fiber finished product is ensured;
4. the molten basalt melt is drawn by airflow on the bushing plate 1, and beams of the basalt melt can be changed into basalt short fibers under the action of the airflow; the volume of the melting furnace is less than or equal to 4m3When the hole is drilled, the hole is 15mm, and the blowing pressure of the annular air nozzle 3 is 0.8-1.2 MPa; the volume of the melting furnace is more than 4m3When the hole of the bushing plate is larger than 15mm, the blowing pressure of the annular air jet 3 is 1.2-2 MPa; the lower end surface of the bushing 1 is provided with an annular gas nozzle 3 and a spray head 4 (the spray head is a commercially available spray nozzle, an atomizing nozzle produced by environmental protection equipment Limited of Jining Baotong), the axis of the outflow hole 2 and the axis of the annular gas nozzle 3 are on the same straight line, the annular gas nozzle 3 is communicated with a gas source, and the spray head 4 is communicated with a container for coating the wetting agent through a pump; the annular gas nozzle 3 and the spray head 4 work simultaneously, the aperture of the outflow hole 2 on the bushing plate 1 is 13-15mm, the ejection speed of the annular gas nozzle 3 on the bushing plate 1 is 80-200m/s (preferably 120-180m/s, in this case 160m/s, also 80m/s, 100 m/s)120m/s, 150m/s, 180m/s or 200m/s, etc.), the speed of the air flow influences the length of the sprayed basalt fiber and also influences the contact time of the basalt fiber and the atomized impregnating compound, thereby influencing the flexibility of the basalt fiber; the included angle between the axis of the spray head 4 and the axis of the outflow hole 2 is 5-45 degrees, preferably 5-20 degrees (15 degrees in this example, or 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees or 45 degrees, etc.);
5. the application of the basalt short fiber is as follows: the basalt short fiber is further processed into 200-mesh powder, and the powder is blended into waterproof cement to improve the water seepage resistance of the cement.
The concrete is prepared by mixing powder of the basalt short fiber ground by the manufacturing method of the basalt short fiber accounting for 0.5 to 10 percent of the total mass into the concrete. The basalt short fiber powder can fill the gaps among aggregates and also can fill the gaps caused by hardening of cement, thereby improving the seepage-proofing performance of concrete.
The specific tests are as follows:
and (3) testing conditions are as follows: the basalt short fiber (200 meshes) produced by the method has the temperature of 21 ℃, the RH of 80 percent and the seepage resistance pressure of 4MPa, and is 7 days in the juvenile period; equipment: a planetary mortar stirrer, a mortar test piece forming and compacting table, a standard constant temperature and humidity curing box, a cement electric compression and bending resistance testing machine and a mortar permeameter; the standard is as follows: GB/T17671-99 cement mortar strength test method (ISO method)
The melting furnace described in the invention is the same as the melting furnace which is used for producing long fibers conventionally; other related devices and apparatuses are all commercially available devices and apparatuses.
The tests and the measured data further prove that the basalt short fiber prepared by the method can further enhance the flexural strength and the compressive strength of concrete on the premise of reasonable addition, and compared with the product without addition, the basalt short fiber material prepared by the method can further improve the anti-permeability performance of the concrete, and in the experiments of a plurality of groups of examples and comparative proportions, the fiber addition is controlled to be about 2%, so that the finally prepared concrete has higher flexural strength and compressive strength
The concrete material added with the basalt short fiber material prepared by the invention can be well applied to the fields of railway whole rails, base construction and the like, and the preparation method adopted by the invention effectively reduces the processing temperature of the basalt raw material, reasonably reduces the energy consumption and reduces the production cost by controlling the granularity of the raw material, and the subsequent annular gas nozzle jet gas and the spray head jet impregnating compound are also effectively controlled by data, so that the basalt short fiber material prepared by the invention has higher yield and is convenient for subsequent processing.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive of other embodiments, and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for manufacturing basalt short fiber is characterized in that,
raw materials: selecting basalt ore, and crushing the basalt ore into granules with granularity smaller than 10 mm;
melting: adding the basalt granular material into a melting furnace, wherein the melting temperature is 1300-;
drawing: the molten basalt material flows into a bushing plate through an outlet to carry out wire drawing treatment, meanwhile, the temperature of the outlet is kept at 1200-1300 ℃, the aperture of a flow-out hole of the bushing plate is 10-20mm, an annular air nozzle and a spray head are arranged on the lower end face of the bushing plate, the axis of the flow-out hole and the axis of the annular air nozzle are on the same straight line, the annular air nozzle is communicated with an air source, and the spray head is communicated with a wetting agent coating container through a pump; the annular air jet and the spray head work simultaneously.
2. The method for manufacturing basalt staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein the iron content of the basalt ore is not higher than 1.5%.
3. The basalt staple fiber manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the melting furnace volume is less than 4m3When the outflow hole of the bushing plate is smaller than 15mm, the blowing pressure of the annular air jet is 0.8-1 MPa; the volume of the melting furnace is more than 4m3When the hole of the bushing plate is larger than 15mm, the blowing pressure of the annular air jet is 1.2-2 MPa.
4. The basalt staple fiber manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the jet velocity of the ring-shaped gas jet is 80 to 200 m/s.
5. The basalt staple fiber manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the spray head is located outside the annular air jet.
6. The basalt short fiber manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein an included angle between an axis of the spray head and an axis of the outflow hole is 5 to 45 °.
7. The method for manufacturing basalt staple fiber according to claim 6, wherein the included angle is 5 to 20 °.
8. The basalt short fiber manufacturing method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the number of the spray heads is six, and the spray heads are uniformly distributed along the outer circumference of the annular air jet.
9. A concrete comprising 0.5% to 10% by mass of a powder obtained by grinding basalt staple fibers produced by the method for producing basalt staple fibers according to any one of the preceding claims.
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| CN109912194A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-21 | 四川省玻纤集团有限公司 | A kind of wire-drawing production line of basalt fibre |
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| CA2201272A1 (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-09-27 | James Edward Loftus | Method for collecting fibers from a rotary fiberizer |
| CN1609024A (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-04-27 | 深圳国际技术创新研究院 | Short basalt fiber making method and apparatus |
| CN105837024A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-08-10 | 四川力久知识产权服务有限公司 | Preparation method of continuous basalt fibers |
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