CN1572086A - 用于ieee802.11wlan的动态信道选择方案 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种用于在IEEE 802.11无线局域网(WLAN)中的接入点(AP)和多个站(STA)之间动态选择一条通信信道的方法和***。该方法包括步骤:确定在一特定任务组(BSS)中的AP和STA之间是否需要一条新的信道;AP向多个站中的一些请求信道信号质量测量;根据BSS中的站所检测的所有信道的接收信号强度标识(RSSI)和误包率(PER)向AP回报信道信号质量报告;根据该信道质量报告选择一条用于在AP和多个站之间的通信的新信道。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及一种在IEEE 802.11无线局域网(WLAN)中的动态信道选择(DCS)方法,其中多个无线站利用多个无线信道与接入点(AP)通信,其中根据接入点(AP)做出的信道确定动态的选择每条信道。
发明概述
基本上存在两种形式的无线局域网(WLAN):基于下层结构的和特殊类型的WLAN。在前者的网络中,通信通常只在称为(STAi)的无线节点和接入点(AP)发生,而不像后者的网络一样直接在无线节点之间发生。因此,无线节点可以通过AP交换数据。在同一无线覆盖区域的站和AP都称为基本业务组(BSS)。
当两个相邻的基本业务组(BSS)彼此相邻且在同一信道工作时,即称为重叠BSS,由于重叠BSS之间可能的争用所以难以支持所需的业务质量(QoS)。在布置WLAN之前仔细规划BSS的信道分配也总是无法避免争用,特别是在家庭/办公室环境中,即其它的WLAN装置在附近,例如邻近的房间或办公室独立工作的环境中。目前IEEE802.11并不提供解决这类争用的机理。
因此,需要一种动态信道选择(DCS)方案,以使接入点(AP)能够为其基本业务组(BSS)有关的所有站选择信道,而不需要改变IEEE 802.11 WLAN规范的物理层(PHY)。
本发明涉及一种在IEEE 802.11无线局域网(WLAN)中的动态信道选择方法,其中根据接入点(AP)确定的标准选择每条信道。
因此,在接入点(AP)和位于基本业务组(BSS)覆盖区内的多个站(STA)之间动态选择一条通信信道的方法是这样执行的,首先确定是否需要一条用于多个无线站的新的信道,然后AP向这些站的一个子组请求信道信号质量测量。为了实现此过程,确定这些站可以使用的一组信道,以发现是否收到来自邻近BSS的信号或是否存在其它的接入装置。这些站所测量的所有信道的接收信号强度标识(RSSI)和误包率(packet error rate,PER)报告给AP。另外,测量干扰电平。干扰电平是在没有从BSS接收到信号的预定时间段内,又其它通信***引起并被测量和报告为基础的。此后,利用RSSI、PER和干扰电平信息的测量值选择基于AP判决标准的新信道。
从下文结合附图对优选实施例的详细描述中,本发明的上述和其它特征和优点将变得更加明显,附图中,附图标记是指所有附图中的相同部分。
附图简述
图1(a)是说明本发明的实施例所应用的无线通信***结构的简化方框图;
图1(b)是说明适用于WLAN中的终端***的简化方框图;
图2(a)描述了根据IEEE 802.11标准的数据链路层和PHY层的媒体访问控制(MAC)的结构图;
图2(b)说明了根据IEEE 802.11标准的扫描业务参数;
图3是说明根据本发明的实施例有选择的切换到新信道的操作步骤的流程图;
图4是说明根据本发明的实施例开始信道测量过程的流程图;
图5说明一帧主体的格式,根据本发明的实施例,该帧主体用于从接入点传输信息到站;
图6(a)说明根据本发明的实施例测量信道状态的过程;
图6(b)是说明根据本发明的实施例由非AP站测量信道状态过程的流程图;
图6(c)说明根据本发明的实施例确定不符合802.11的装置的不同帧接收方案;
图7说明一帧主体的格式,根据本发明的实施例,该帧主体用于从多个站传输信息到接入点;
图8说明一帧主体的格式,根据本发明的实施例,该帧主体用于从接入点传输通知数据到多个站;
实施例详述
在下文的说明书中,为了解释而不是限制的目的,陈述了一些具体细节,例如特定的结构、接口、技术等等,以便提供对本发明的全面了解。但是,本发明也可以由偏离这些具体细节的其它实施例实现。
IEEE 802.11标准规定了用于无线局域网的媒体访问控制(MAC)和物理(PHY)特性。IEEE 802.11标准在国际标准ISO/IEC 8802-111,1999年版的“信息技术-通信和信息交换域网”中定义。IEEE 802.11WLAN***可用的非重叠或正交信道数目依赖下面的物理层。例如,802.11直接序列扩频(DSSS)和802.11b补充码加密(CCK)PHY在2.4GHz具有三个非重叠信道。802.11a PHY在5 GHz具有直到12个信道。本发明的加密原理在于提供一种动态的信道选择(DCS)方案,以使接入点(AP)能够为其基本业务组(BSS)有关的所有站(STA)选择信道,而不需要改变IEEE 802.11 WLAN物理层(PHY)规范。
图1(a)是说明本发明的实施例所应用的无线通信***的IEEE802.11结构的方框图。如图1(a)所示,连接到有线或无线网6的接入点(AP)2和通过无线链路连接到各自AP 2的多个移动站(STAi)经多条无线信道彼此通信。位于同一无线覆盖区的移动站和AP称为基本业务组(BSS)。BSS中的站STAi可以通过接入点(AP)2彼此交换数据。AP的主要功能在于引导业务量、提供到其它网络的访问、支持漫游(例如,改变接入点)、BSS内的同步、支持功率管理、和***体访问,以便支持BSS中的时间受限业务。
图1(b)的WLAN中的AP和每个STA可以包括具有图1(b)的方框图所示结构的***。AP和STA可以包括显示器20、CPU 22、发射机/接收机24、输入装置26、存储模块28、随机存储器(RAM)30、只读存储器(32)和公共总线40。图1(b)中示范性的计算机***11只是用于说明的目的。尽管本说明书指的是通常用于描述特定计算机***的术语,该说明书和概念同样用于其它的处理***,包括不同于图1(b)所示结构的***。发射机/接收机24连接到一天线(未示出)以便发射希望的数据,其接收机将收到的信号转换成相应的数字数据。CPU 22在ROM 32所包含的操作***的控制下工作并使用RAM 30。通过使AP为与其BSS有关的所有站(STA)提供一条新的无线链路,CPU 22的操作涉及无线局域网(WLAN)内的频率选择。例如,BSS的一个子组的STA可能处于一邻近BSS的重叠区域,因此经历了来自邻近BSS的STA的争用。
图2(a)说明表示IEEE 802.11标准的数据链路层和PHY层的媒体访问控制(MAC)的结构图。图2(b)说明根据IEEE 802.11标准的扫描业务参数(随后解释)。
现在参见图3-8,特别是参见图3,随后解释根据本发明由AP为所有站(STA)选择一条新信道的操作步骤的原理。本发明的步骤包括下面的步骤:开始信道测量100;请求信道测量110;处理信道测量120;报告信道测量130;选择一条新信道140;发送信道交换通知150;和切换到选定的信道160。下文参照图3到图8更详细的描述根据AP对从与一特定BSS有关的STA收到的信道测量和/或其自己的信道测量选择一条新信道和将BSS中的所有站(STA)切换到选定信道。
开始信道测量(图3的步骤100)
图4是说明根据本发明的开始过程的流程图,其中开始信道质量测量,如果其中一个下面的事件发生(但不局限于):(1)由AP新形成一特定的基本业务组(BSS)(步骤401);(2)AP和/或BSS中的一个或多个STA持续地经历非常差的通信信道(3)BSS重叠的出现导致了信道干扰;和(4)在一特定时间段内AP操作没有任何相关STA的BSS。如果这些时间的任何一个发生,AP动态的选择一条新的无线链路以操作BSS。为了实现此处理,通过直接检测信道状态,或通过从相关的STA请求信道状态,AP首先确定当前信道以及其它信道的状态。
请求信道测量(图3的步骤110)
由AP传送一管理帧,以便向与BSS有关的一组站(STA)请求信道质量测量。注意,如果由于新BSS的开始而启动信道选择过程,则AP不必做出请求。向站(STA)传输信道质量测量可以是单播、多播或广播。图5(a)和5(b)说明两种管理帧的帧主体,即“基本信道测量帧”和“CF信道测量帧”,可由AP用于根据本发明向站(STA)请求信道质量测量。这些帧规定(1)何时开始测量;(2)测量哪条信道;(3)测量需要多少时间;和(4)如何测量。
参见图5(a),基本信道测量帧包含三个字段:“启动延时“、“测量持续时间”、和“信道号”。“启动延时”字段规定何时开始信道测量过程。“测量持续时间”(≥0)字段表示所请求的STA执行每个信道测量的持续时间。“信道号”字段表示要测量的一组信道,其中每个8位字节规定一个信道号。
参见图5(b),CF信道测量帧包含四个字段:“测量持续时间”、“测量偏差”、“非测量持续时间”、和“信道号”。“测量持续时间”(≥0)字段表示在无争用周期(CPE)重复间隔(CFPEI’s)数目中的持续时间,请求的STA在这段时间内测量每条信道。“测量偏差”和“非测量持续时间”字段表示每个CFPRI之外的时间段,该时间段表示所请求的STA不应当远离当前信道来测量远程信道。例如,在CFPRI[0,CFPRI]期间,从CFP开始的目标信标传输时间(TBTT)开始,STA要离开当前信道测量远程信道,除了时间段[CFPRI*MO/256,CFPRI*(MO+NMD)/256],其中MO表示“测量偏差”值,NMD表示“非测量持续时间”值。“信道号”字段表示要测量的一组信道,其中每个8位字节规定一个信道号。
处理信道测量(图3的步骤120)
AP和非AP STA执行信道质量的测量。参见图6(a),AP最好在无争用周期(CFP)或在争用周期测量信道状态。通过发送RTS帧来最小化争用周期中的业务中断。AP通常接收信号,除非它争在发送信号。因此,如果在无争用周期(CFP)期间执行当前信道和/或其它信道的信道质量测量。或者,AP在发送请求发送(RTS)帧之后测量信道。通过发送具有无效接收机地址(RA)的发送RTS帧,AP可以强制收到此RTS帧的所有STA在指定的时间段内停止发送信号。然后,在此指定时间段内,AP可以在不中断业务的情况下测量信道状态。
参见图6(b),同时以两种不同的方式进行非AP的STA信道质量测量。第一种是检测到信道中的现有BSS,和测量来自识别BSS的干扰,如果有的话。参见图2(a)和图2(b),称为“扫描”业务的现有MAC子层管理实体(MLME)业务在本发明中用作检测其它BSS的目的。此业务由位于每个STA内的站管理实体(SME)经管理原语MLME-SCAN.request向MLME请求,以请求检测在多条信道的现有BSS。用于MLME-SCAN.request的多个原始参数如图2(b)所示定义,并且包括:ScanType表示主动(STA发送探测帧和期待来自BSS的响应)或被动(STA只是收听信道,试图检测某些帧)扫描;ProbeDelay表示在主动扫描期间发送探测帧之前所用的时延(单位是μs);ChannelList表示要检查的一列信道;MinChannel Time表示在每条信道上花费的最少时间;和MaxChannel Time表示在每条信道上花费的最多时间。此后,原语MLME-SCAN.confirm将扫描结果返回给SME,包括找到的所有BSS的完整描述。注意此业务原来在802.11中定义用来使STA调查STA随后执行越区切换可能选择的BSS。
在检测到存在其它的BSS(步骤610)后,进行对信道状态的进一步分析(步骤620)以获得一条信道运行BSS。特别是,确定信道如何忙,其它BSS的站(STA)离被请求测量信道状态的STA如何近。在此实施例中,已收到信号强度的测量值用于确定信道状态。802.11 PHY定义了称为接收信号强度指示符(RSSI)的参数,它的范围是从0到RSSI最大值。此参数由PHY层测量并表示在用于接收当前PLCP协议数据单元(PPDU)的天线观察的能量电平。在接收PLCP前序部分期间测量RSSI。另外,RSSI信息还可用于表示被请求测量信道状态的STA距离其它BSS的STA有多近。而且,根据本发明,误包率(PER)可结合RSSI测量用于确定信道的状态。从帧接收统计值中可以测量PER,该帧接收统计值定义收到的帧数;收到的错误帧数(例如,FCS误差);和忙周期与总测量周期的比值。通过将收到的错误帧数除以收到的总帧数来计算误包率(PER)。
回到图6(b),第二种测量是由不符合802.11的装置进行噪声或干扰电平的测量。例如,信道测量STA可以检测遵循在同一信道运行的其它不同标准,例如ETSI BRAN H/2的另一个STA。这种装置的存在可以检测为同信道干扰,而不是BSS。在此实施例中,测量信道持续忙而没有收到任何802..1帧的时间段用于确定是否出现和运行在一特定信道的非802.11装置和由于存在不可识别的干扰源而导致信道如何差。也就是说,利用当前802.11 PHY可获得的现有参数,本发明可以获得一种机理来确定不符合802.11的装置。
参见图6,说明了根据本发明检测不符合802.11的装置而不改变IEEE 802.11 WLAN的物理层(PHY)规范。如果信道中存在一干扰的非802.11(或外部)装置,信道测量STA不能正确的从该装置收到信号,因此RSSI不能象第一种方法一样报告给MAC层。但是,如果来自外部装置的信号功率高于一门限(即,PHY MIB dot11EDThreshold(用于802.11b)或dot11T1Threshold(用于802.11a),该信道经现有802.11PHY层标准下的PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY)参数向MAC层表示为BUSY。因此,信道持续忙而没有受到任何有意义的MAC帧(用PHY-RXSTART.indicate和PHY-RXEND.indicate表示)的时间段的测量是确定在一特定信道是否正在运行一个非802.11装置的机理。为了实现这种机理,AP需要指定所请求的STA在每条信道上将花费多长时间,这被规定为上述“扫描”过程的一部分。图6(c)表示一组三个不同的方案,其中可以得到CCA忙标识的数目,即没有收到任何有意义的MAC帧。图6(c)表示从PHY层接收PHY-RXSTART.indicate和PHY-RXEND.indicate,用来表示信道忙而没有收到任何MAC帧。图6(c)表示这样的方案,即从PHY层只收到PHY-RXSTART.indicate。当即使收到有效的PLCP前序部分/首部也没有发出PHY-RXSTART.indicate时,存在两种情况:一种是当不支持用于传输MAC帧或(MPDU)的速率时,另一种是当PLCP首部的格式不正确时。在这些情况下,尽管没有发出RXSTART.indicate,CCA.ind(BUSY)将持续到PLCP首部的LENGTH字段表示的时间段。此后,发出PHY-RXEND.indicate(RXERROR)用于表示误差类型。图6(c)表示当CCA.ind(BUSY)表示没有收到PHY-RXSTART.indicate和PHY-RXEND.indicate帧时的方案。在此实施例中,当没有收到帧时,AP解释为存在不符合802.11的装置。
报告信道测量(图3的步骤130)
在完成信道质量测量以后,请求测量信道的STA回报给AP。此报告将包括上面几段所述测量的所有三个部分。包括(1)参数SCAN.confirm;(2)信道RSSI和PER的测量值;和(3)非-802.11装置的噪声/干扰测量。AP在无争用周期(CFP)或争用周期(CP)期间轮询后传送此报告。
图7(a)说明STA根据本发明用于向AP报告信道质量测量的管理帧主体的格式。如图7(a)所示,帧长依赖于信道数。图7(b)所详细描述的八位字节“测量综述”字段包括BSS字段,规定在信道测量期间收到至少一个有效的MAC首部;CF字段,规定检测到的至少一个BSS正运行PCF;和Beacon字段,规定在测量期间至少收到一个信标。此单元的其它字段如下定义:“收到的帧数”字段,规定在信道测量期间收到的总帧数;“错误接收的帧数”字段,规定信道测量期间错误收到的总帧数;和“CCA忙片段”字段,规定在CCA忙期间根据下面的等式:CCA忙片段=(255*[CCA忙周期]/[信道的总测量时间])的最高限度计算的片段时间。最后,“没有接收帧的CCA忙片段”,规定在CCA忙而且没有收到802.11帧的片段时间,它根据下面的等式:没有接收帧的CCA忙片段=(255*[没有收到802.11帧的CCA忙周期]/[信道的总测量时间])的最高限度计算。
选择一条新信道(图3的步骤140)
收到来自STA的信道质量报告后,AP确定是否切换当前信道。为了确定是否切换,AP根据AP实现的标准比较其它信道和当前信道的状态以选择一条新信道。注意切换出当前信道的决定是依赖于实施方式的。因此,可以使用对本领域技术人员来说很显然的各种改变。传送信道切换通知(图3的步骤150)
一旦AP确定一条新信道,AP向BSS内的每个STA传送新信道信息。图8描述了一种可用于现有信标帧的通知单元,如IEEE 802.11标准所述。也就是说,图8所述的帧由IEEE 802.11标准下新定义的现有信标帧实现。根据本发明的信道切换通知信标帧包含两个字段:“信道切换”和“信道切换计数”。“信道切换”字段表示要切换的频率信道数。“信道切换计数”表示信道切换之前出现BSS时应当出现多少个信标(包括当前帧)。
切换到新信道(图3的步骤160)
最后,通过改变载频(或802.11a OFDM PHY情况下的频率)移向新信道。在该实施例中,最好在目标信标传输时间(TBTT)期间发生切换。
从上文很显然,本发明具有这样的一个优点,即通过很少的改动当前802.11规范可以获得一种信道选择(DCS)机理,而不需要改动IEEE 802.11 WLAN标准的下层PHY规范。
根据如此描述的动态信道选择(DCS)方法的优选实施例,以便确定用于WLAN***内的信道,显然本领域技术人员可以实现***的某些优点。上文要理解成只是本发明的说明实施例。本领域技术人员可以很容易想象到备选的电路,该电路提供类似于此实施例的功能,但没有偏离本发明的基本原理或范围。
Claims (21)
1.一种在接入点(AP)(2)和位于无线局域网(WLAN)中的基本业务组(BSS)覆盖区内的多个站(STA)之间动态选择一条通信信道的方法,该方法包括步骤:
(a)确定是否需要一条用于所述多个站的新信道;
(b)由所述AP向所述多个站的至少一个请求信道信号质量测量;
(c)根据所述多个站测量的所有信道的接收信号强度标识(RSSI)和误包率(PER)向所述AP报告信道信号质量报告;
(d)确定用于所述AP和所述多个站之间通信的多个候选信道;和
(e)根据用于所述AP(2)和所述多个站之间通信选择一条所述候选信道。
2.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括由所述AP(2)向所述多个站传送选定信道信息的步骤。
3.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括与所述AP(2)和所述多个站之间的所述选定信道建立通信的步骤。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述信道信号质量报告进一步包括由另一个通信装置引起的干扰信号电平,所述干扰信号电平是基于不存在任何802.11帧接收。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述RSSI和所述PER用于确定所述信道信号质量和被请求用于测量所述信道信号质量的STA和所述相邻BSS的多个相邻站之间的相对距离。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中如果下面的一种情况发生则在步骤(a)确定需要所述新信道:
(1)由所述AP(2)形成所述BSS;
(2)所述AP(2)或所述BSS经历差的信道状态;
(3)所述BSS与相邻BSS重叠;和
(4)所述AP(2)和所述STA之间的相关性不长于预定时间周期。
7.一种在接入点(AP)(2)和位于无线局域网(WLAN)中的基本业务组(BSS)覆盖区内的多个站(STA)之间动态选择一条通信信道的方法,该方法包括步骤:
(a)确定是否需要一条用于所述多个站的新信道;
(b)由所述AP向所述多个站的至少一个请求信道信号质量测量;
(c)扫描所述多个站以确定是否收到来自相邻BSS信号的一组信道;
(d)根据所述多个站测量的所有信道的接收信号强度标识(RSSI)和误包率(PER)向所述AP(2)确定所述这组信道的每条信道的信号质量测量;和
(e)根据所述测量的RSSI和所述PER信息选择所述新信道。
8.权利要求7的方法,进一步包括从所述AP(2)向所述多个站传输关于所述新信道的信息。
9.权利要求7的方法,进一步包括与所述AP(2)和所述多个站之间的所述新信道建立通信的步骤。
10.权利要求7的方法,其中所述信道信号质量报告进一步包括由另一个通信装置引起的干扰信号电平,所述干扰信号电平是根据不存在任何802.11帧接收。
11.权利要求7的方法,其中所述RSSI和所述PER用于确定所述信道信号质量和被请求用于测量所述信道信号质量的STA和所述相邻BSS的多个相邻站之间的相对距离。
12.权利要求7的方法,进一步包括步骤:
由所述AP检测来自这组所述信道的信道信号质量;
确定用于所述AP和所述多个站之间通信的候选信道;和
如果检测到的信道信号质量超过预定门限,则切换到所述候选信道。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中所述AP(2)在无争用周期(CFP)期间测量所述信道信号质量。
14.权利要求12的方法,其中所述AP(2)在传送请求发送(RTS)帧测量所述信道信号质量。
15.权利要求7的方法,其中如果下面的一种情况发生则在步骤(a)确定需要所述新信道:
(1)由所述AP(2)形成所述BSS;
(2)所述AP(2)或所述BSS经历差的信道状态;
(3)所述BSS与相邻BSS重叠;和
(4)所述AP(2)和所述STA之间的相关性不长于预定时间周期。
16.权利要求7的方法,进一步包括,如果没有检测到所述邻近BSS信号,根据在预定时间段内没有受到任何802.11帧测量由另一个通信***引起的干扰电平的步骤;
选择所述新信道的所述步骤包括根据所述测量的RSSI、PER和干扰电平选择表示最小干扰信号电平的所述信道的步骤。
17.一种在接入点(AP)(2)和位于无线局域网(WLAN)(6)中的基本业务组(BSS)覆盖区内的多个站(STA)之间动态选择一条通信信道的***,该***包括步骤:
-确定是否需要一条用于所述多个站的新信道的装置;
-由所述AP向所述多个站的至少一个请求信道信号质量测量的装置;
-根据所述多个站测量的所有信道的接收信号强度标识(RSSI)和误包率(PER)向所述AP报告信道信号质量报告的装置;
-确定用于所述AP和所述多个站之间通信的多个候选信道的装置;和
-根据用于所述AP(2)和所述多个站之间通信选择一条所述候选信道的装置。
18.权利要求17的***,进一步包括由所述AP(2)向所述多个站传送选定信道信息的装置。
19.权利要求17的***,进一步包括与所述AP(2)和所述多个站之间的所述选定信道建立通信的装置。
20.权利要求17的***,其中所述信道信号质量报告进一步包括由另一个通信装置引起的干扰信号电平,所述干扰信号电平是基于不存在任何802.11帧接收。
21.权利要求17的***,其中所述RSSI和所述PER用于确定所述信道信号质量和被请求用于测量所述信道信号质量的STA和所述相邻BSS的多个相邻站之间的相对距离。
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EP1282961A2 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
US20060029023A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
US20020060995A1 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
WO2002023819A2 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
WO2002023819A3 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
AU2002212202A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
US6985465B2 (en) | 2006-01-10 |
JP2004509514A (ja) | 2004-03-25 |
KR20020059732A (ko) | 2002-07-13 |
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