CN1529460A - Whole load equalizing method based on global network positioning - Google Patents
Whole load equalizing method based on global network positioning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Characters of the method are as following: based on GNP coordinate of web client in DNS query message and GNP coordinate of each mirror imaged web server with different IP addresses corresponding to domain names to be parsed, DNS server calculates distances between web client and each server. Global load balancing treatment is carried out for the distances. IP address of server with nearest or relative nearer distance to the client is as DNS query result to return back to the web client. Thus, current format of DNS query message and DNS server software is needed to modify. The invented method guarantees nearest or relative nearer distance between selected mirror imaged server and client sent out request, improving current used polling method. The invention increases response speed for request and transmission speed for web page, reduces unnecessary network flux so as to raise service quality of web system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of GSLB method based on global network location GNP (Global Network Positioning), exactly, relate to a kind of mainly the solution when a domain name correspondence a plurality of mirror image Web server with different IP addresses, how to select problem better by which server response Web client requests; Belong to the load-balancing technique field.
Background technology
Referring to Fig. 1, Web client 1 (being commonly referred to browser) uses one or more transmission control protocols (TCP, Transmission Control Protocol) to connect with Web server 2 and communicates.During web browsing, client adopts HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) (HTTP, HypertextTransfer Protocol) to communicate on TCP is connected with server.Web client sends the http request, and Web server responds client-requested, provides the content of Web and the data of certain form to Web client.
Referring to Fig. 2, when the client needs and far-end Web system communication, connect the Web website as a user, actual with before far-end Web system begins to communicate by letter, the Web domain name must be converted to the IP address, this conversion is finished by name server (DNS, Domain Name Server), therefore needs to specify a domain name server (DNS) in client configuration at least.When Web client sends query requests to its dns server, an i.e. client 1 (as browser) program, produce a unified resource location (URL, UniformResource Locator,) analysis request, http://www.bupt.edu.cn for example, when giving local dns server 2 with the form of DNS query message, this local dns server 2 can resolve to the IP address to this domain name (being www.bupt.edu.cn) as far as possible.When local dns server 2 had been accepted the inquiry of client computer, client computer 1 was in wait state usually; This local domain name server 2 is just searched the IP address of institute's nslookup correspondence in its dns database, or obtains the corresponding IP address of domain name that is complementary with the inquiry that receives from the dns server 3 higher than its stratum level.The domain name mapping result that client computer 1 is inquired about that is to say, if just in the buffer memory of this local domain name server 2, can directly obtain the result; If at the buffer memory of this local domain name server 2, this name server 2 must not searched to other name server 3, inquiry can also be sent to root server in answer, and according to the authorization server of root server value guiding institute inquiry field.In case this home server 2 obtains answer from authorization server, it just is kept at answer in its buffer memory, and answer is offered the client.Dns server returns to the client with Query Result with the form of DNS response message, so that the client uses the IP address of receiving to connect Web server and download the Web page.DNS has defined one and has been used to the message format inquiring about and respond.Following table is the overall form of this message.This message is made up of stem and 4 adjustable length fields of 12 byte longs.
In the heading of DNS, identification field is by the CLIENT PROGRAM setting and by the server return results.CLIENT PROGRAM determines by it whether response and inquiry mate.The attribute field of 16bit is divided into the plurality of sub field, and is as shown in the table.
???1???????????4????????????????1?????1?????1?????1?????????3????????????????4
| QR | ????opcode | ?AA | ?TC | ?RD | ?RA | ????(zero) | ????rcode |
Wherein QR is the 1bit field: 0 expression query message, 1 expression response message.Opcode is a 4bit field: general value is 0, the expression standard queries, and other value is 1 and 2, is 1 o'clock, oppositely inquiry of expression (promptly passing through the domain name of IP address search correspondence); Be 2 o'clock, the request of expression server state.AA is the 1bit sign, and expression is authorized and answered (authoritative answer), illustrates that this name server is issued to this territory.TC is the 1bit field, (truncated) that expression can be blocked.When using User Datagram Protoco (UDP) (UDP, UserDatagram Protocol), its expression is only returned preceding 512 bytes when the total length of replying surpasses 512 bytes.RD is the 1bit field, expression expectation recurrence (recursion desired).This bit can be arranged in the inquiry, and returns in response.This sign tells name server must handle this inquiry, is called recursive query.If this bit is 0, and requested name server do not authorize answer, and it just returns other name servers tabulations that can answer this inquiry, is called iterative query.RA is the 1bit field, represents available recurrence.If name server is supported recursive query, then this bit is set to 1 in response.Except some root server, most of name servers all provide recursive query.3bit field subsequently is necessary for 0.Rcode is the return code field of a 4bit.Common value is 0, and expression is free from mistakes; Numerical value is 3, expression name word error.The name word error has only from an authoritative domain name server and returns, and it is illustrated in, and the domain name of appointment does not exist in the inquiry.The entry number that comprises in last 4 variable-length fields of 4 16bit explanation of fields subsequently.For query message, problem number normally 1, other 3 then are 0.For response message, answering number is 1 at least, and remaining two can be 0 or non-0.
The form of each problem in the inquiry problem part in the DNS query message is as shown in the table, has only a problem usually.
Wherein query name is IP address or the domain name that will search, and it is the sequence of one or more identifiers.Each identifier illustrates the byte length of identifier subsequently with the count value of first byte, and each query name is 0 to finish with last byte all, and length is that 0 identifier is the root identifier.The value of the counting byte here is 0～63 number, and promptly the maximum length of identifier only is 63.Because the highest two bits of counting byte are 1, promptly are worth 192～255 and are used to compressed format.This field need not to finish with whole 32bit border, promptly need not byte of padding.
Referring to Fig. 3, this figure has illustrated how to store domain name www.bupt.edu.cn.It is the sequence of four identifiers, and each identifier all illustrates the byte length of identifier subsequently with the count value (being respectively 3,4,3,2) of first byte, and is 0 to finish this query name with last byte.
Each inquiry problem has a query type, and each response (also claiming resource record) also has a type, nearly altogether 20 different types values.Following table has shown some query type values wherein, has only two in the types value that shows in the table and is used for query type: A and PTR.The most frequently used query type is A, and the expression expectation obtains the IP address of query name.Another query type is PTR, and the expression request obtains the domain name of an IP address correspondence.
| Name | Numerical value | Describe |
| ?A ?NS ?CNAME ?PTR ?HINPO ?MX | ?1 ?2 ?5 ?12 ?13 ?15 | IP address name server canonical name pointer record host information mail exchange record |
| AXFR or ANY | ?252 ?255 | To the request of zone conversion request to all records |
Inquiry class normally 1 refers to internet address.Certain site is also supported other non-ip addresses.
Three last fields in the resource record part in the DNS response message: answer field, authorize field and extraneous information field, all adopt the form that is called resource record (RR, Resource Record) as shown in the table.
Wherein domain name is the name of resource data correspondence in the record.Its form is identical with query name paragraph format shown in Figure 3.The type codes of type declaration resource record.Its value is the same with the query type value of introducing previously.Class is generally 1, refers to internet data.The life span field is the second number that CLIENT PROGRAM keeps this resource record.The common life span value of resource record is 2 days.The quantity of resource data length specification resource data.The form of these data depends on the value of type field.For Class1 (A record) resource data is the IP address of 4 bytes.
In internet, applications, there are a lot of occasions to need the estimation network distance, as return time delay (round-tripdelay); And for example: a corresponding Web website (as Yahoo) has a plurality of image server (S1 ... Sn) can provide service for Web client simultaneously, when a main frame H will be connected to this Web website, wish to select to connect an image server nearest apart from this main frame, to guarantee web page transmission speed, improve http request responding speed, and then improve the Web service quality.At this moment, just need the distance between this main frame H and each image server in the estimation network.This shows that the distance in the estimation network between end-to-end main frame is necessary.
At present, GNP (Global Network Positioning) is a relatively effective method of estimating peer-to-peer network distance, the thinking of its algorithm is: according to the range information between the network node, each network node is mapped to N dimension coordinate system, makes the distance (be GNP distance) of each network node in this N dimension coordinate system approach actual range (returning time delay as actual range between node) between each network node as far as possible such as adopting.Like this, just can be by the GNP between the computing network node apart from the actual range that comes between the estimation network node.Fig. 4 puts into a three-dimensional system of coordinate schematic diagram to four nodes in the network.
The calculation procedure of distance between each node in the following brief description GNP algorithm estimation network:
At first in network, find out some nodes as road sign (Landmark), these road signs are put into a N dimension coordinate system, make that the difference of distance between the coordinate of these road signs and the actual range between them (as returning time delay) is minimum, calculate the coordinate of these road signs in N dimension coordinate system again.Fig. 5 is exactly in the GNP algorithm, with three node L in the network
1, L
2, L
3Put into the operation chart of two-dimensional coordinate system as road sign.
Then, the normal hosts that needs measuring distance is put into N dimension coordinate system.Actual range according between they and these road signs calculates their coordinates in this coordinate system.Fig. 6 is with reference to the road sign L among Fig. 5 in the GNP algorithm
1, L
2, L
3The logical main frame of another Daepori is put into the operation chart of two-dimensional coordinate system.
Like this, the GNP algorithm just can be put into N dimension coordinate system to the arbitrary node on the network.Afterwards, just can utilize the GNP coordinate of two main frames directly to calculate GNP distance between them, and as the estimated value of network distance between them.Experiment showed, that directly GNP distance between two main frames that obtain by the GNP coordinate Calculation can reflect in the network actual range between two main frames really more exactly.If the GNP coordinate of two main frame H1 under the N dimension coordinate space S and main frame H2 is respectively: C
H1 S=(x
1, x
2..., x
N), C
H2 S=(y
1, y
2..., y
N), then the computing formula of the GNP distance between them is:
Now, because the quick growth of Internet traffic carrying capacity, the number of visitors of Web server is the developing state of quick increase, and for example Yahoo can receive millions of times access request every day, and Web server must possess the ability that a large amount of concurrent access services are provided.For the server that the heavy load Web service is provided, disposal ability such as CPU, I/O can become the bottleneck of restriction visit capacity very soon, improving separate unit hardware of server performance simply can not really deal with problems, because the performance of separate unit server is always limited.Especially network requests has suddenly, the phenomenon that network access quantity sharply rises in a certain period may occur, thereby cause network bottleneck.Therefore, must adopt multiple servers to provide services on the Internet, and network requests balancedly be distributed to these servers as far as possible share, the ability of handling a large amount of concurrent requests just can be provided.
Under the condition of load balancing, the status of multiple servers is an equality, can be independently for Web client provides auxiliary that service need not other server, so these servers are commonly referred to mirror image server.By certain load-balancing technique, a plurality of requests that the outside is sent are evenly distributed on each station server, and receive all requests of separate responses client computer of requested service device then.Owing to set up the on all four Web server of content and uncomplicated, so load-balancing technique just becomes one of key technology of setting up a high capacity Web website.
On the geographical configuration of its application, load balancing has two kinds, be divided into local load balancing (Local LoadBalance): the server zone to this locality is made load balancing, and GSLB (Global LoadBalance): to being placed on different geographical position respectively, having the server zone of heterogeneous networks structure to carry out load balancing.Wherein GSLB has and can realize the geographical position independence, and advantages such as transparent service completely are provided for the user at a distance; It not only can avoid the single point failure of server, data center etc., also can avoid improving speed of response of server because the single point failure that network failure causes can also solve the network congestion problem, reaches better visit quality.The GSLB technology is mainly used in the website (such as Yahoo) that has own server in a plurality of zones, and to can be used for also that the subsidiary address disperses, website distributes wide, wish to reach the major company that resource is unified the reasonable distribution purpose by corporate intranet Intranet.
At present, realize that the most frequently used technology of GSLB is dns server (Round Robin DNS) repeating query load-balancing technique.Because the load balancing based on web server software need be changed its software, often lose more than gain; And DNS repeating query load-balancing technique is outside web server software, promptly realizes load balancing in the DNS system, so just need not to revise existing web server software.The DNS load-balancing technique is to realize by the name resolution at random in the dns server, just in dns server, dispose a plurality of IP address for same domain name, when replying the DNS inquiry, dns server will return different analysis results with the IP address of domain name record in the DNS file in order to each inquiry, the visit of client is directed to different machines gets on, make the server that different client-access is different, thereby reach the purpose of load balancing.The algorithm of this DNS load balancing is the repeating query equilibrium: n server distributed in the request of automatic network each time in turn.The advantage of this DNS load-balancing algorithm is simple, and Web server can be positioned on the optional position of the Internet.This technology successful Application is comprising on the many well-known global Web website of Yahoo.
But this DNS load-balancing technique function based on simple repeating query mechanism is fairly simple, has many shortcomings, and special distinct issues are that server-assignment may be unreasonable.Because the web page data amount of http service transmission is less, if server is near more from Web client, can guarantee web page transmitting speed more, promptly guarantee speed that response http asks and the quality that guarantees Web service.Yet what the DNS load balancing adopted is the mode of simple repeating query, and the server that can not guarantee client access is exactly the server nearest apart from this client, thereby obtains the fastest access speed.For example, some ISP (ISP, InternetService Provider) may be in America, all there is oneself application server in Europe, Asia.Adopt DNS repeating query load balancing mode, may allow the server in user capture America, Asia, and the server in user capture Asia, America.So not only reduced the reaction speed of system, reduced the service quality of system the user; Also cause unnecessary transoceanic network traffics, increased the communications cost of ISP.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of GSLB method based on global network location GNP, this method is to the improvement and the optimization of the most frequently used GSLB method based on the dns server repeating query now, can guarantee Web client nearest or relative nearer of selected mirror image server and the request of sending, improve the transmission speed of the Web request responding speed and the web page, and then the minimizing unnecessary network traffic, the service quality of raising Web system.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of GSLB method based on the global network location, it is characterized in that: dns server is according to the GNP coordinate of Web client in the DNS query message and the GNP coordinate of each mirror image Web server with different IP addresses of the domain name correspondence that will resolve, calculate the GNP distance of this Web client and each server, carry out GSLB according to this distance again and handle, will be apart from this Web client the IP address of nearest or nearer relatively server return to this Web client as the DNS Query Result.
Further comprise the following steps: before this method operation
A, the existing DNS query message form of modification promptly add the GNP coordinate that the Web client of http request is sent in preparation in this DNS query message; The Query Result response message that dns server returns need not done any change;
B, the existing dns server software of modification, enable to discern the DNS query message that contains the GNP coordinate and in database, find the IP address and the GNP coordinate thereof of pairing each server of each domain name, finish initialization based on the GSLB algorithm of GNP.
Described steps A further comprises following operating procedure:
The definition of A1, modification query message stem: the value that increases the opcode field in attribute field, be that standard queries, 1 is that oppositely inquiry and 2 is on the basis of server state request at existing opcode Field Definition 0 promptly, increasing numerical value 3 is the DNS inquiry of supporting the GNP coordinate;
A2, in the DNS query message, add the GNP coordinate.
Described steps A 2 adds the GNP coordinate in the DNS query message operating procedure is one of following two kinds of methods:
Revise the problem part of query message: in the DNS query message of supporting the GNP coordinate, except the IP address lookup field of original domain name, increase a problem field, and in this problem field, write the GNP coordinate of this main frame, its query type is Coordinate, and types value is 25, expression Web client's GNP coordinate information, the inquiry class is 5, refers to the GNP coordinate; At the GNP coordinate of this main frame of query name stored, promptly press the form C of GNP coordinate again
H SProvide the coordinate of this main frame, this formula is illustrated in the GNP coordinate of the main frame H under the N dimension coordinate space S, and wherein N is the dimension of current GNP coordinate; Problem number with heading is revised as 2 simultaneously, and being about to original problem number increases by 1; Or
Revise and definition extraneous information field: definition supports the extraneous information field format of the DNS query message of GNP coordinate to adopt resource record RR (Resource Record) form; Wherein domain name is 0, and expression does not have the domain name on the conventional meaning; Define styles is Coordinate, and types value is 25, expression Web client's GNP coordinate information; The value of class is 5, refers to the GNP coordinate; The quantity of resource data length specification resource data, when this resource is the GNP coordinate time, promptly type field is 25 o'clock, then presses the form C of GNP coordinate
H SThe coordinate of this machine of providing, this formula are illustrated in the GNP coordinate of the main frame H under the N dimension coordinate space S, and wherein N is the dimension of current GNP coordinate.
Described step B further comprises following operating procedure:
The DNS query message of GNP coordinate is supported in B1, dns server identification: the opcode field that dns server is read in the DNS request message stem attribute field is 3, promptly discern this message for supporting the DNS query message of GNP coordinate, in second Problem Areas, read the Web client's who sends query requests GNP coordinate again; Or, in extra resource territory thereafter, read the Web client's who sends query requests GNP coordinate according to extra resource record number;
B2, revise the database of dns server: on the basis of original DNS database, with the GNP coordinate of pairing each mirror image Web server of each domain name with its IP address stored record; Dns server upgrades the GNP coordinate of each IP address correspondence simultaneously when new data more, so that when dns server carries out domain name mapping, obtain IP address and GNP coordinate corresponding to each server of same domain name.
This method comprises following operating procedure:
(1) when Web client will send the http request, if in this main frame, do not preserve this main frame before this at the GNP of space S coordinate C
H S, then Web client need be according to the distance of each road sign Landmark and this main frame, at the GNP of space S coordinate, and preserves this GNP coordinate according to this main frame of GNP algorithm computation;
(2) Web client sends the DNS query requests that contains this main frame GNP coordinate information according to amended DNS query message form;
(3) after dns server is received the domain name mapping request that has the GNP coordinate information that Web client sends, if this dns server is not supported the GSLB method based on GNP, then by the load-balancing method of common dns server, repeating query selects the IP address of a server to return; If this dns server is supported the GSLB method based on GNP, then select the IP address of this Web client's of response server to return as this Web client's domain name mapping request results according to the GNP load-balancing algorithm;
(4) dns server returns to Web client according to the form of common DNS response message with Query Result, so that Web client connects Web server with the IP address of receiving, and downloads the Web page.
In the described step (3),, further comprise following operating procedure when dns server support during based on the GSLB method of GNP:
(31) from the DNS query message, take out this Web client's GNP coordinate, find the IP address list of the domain name correspondence that will resolve after, arrive the GNP distance of each pairing server in IP address according to this Web client of GNP algorithm computation;
(32) select the IP address of one of them nearest with the Web client GNP that sends DNS request or relative nearer server;
(33) selected IP address is write the DNS response message as the response results of DNS query message, and return to Web client.
In the described step (31) to the algorithmic formula of the GNP distance of each pairing server in IP address be according to GNP algorithm computation Web client:
Main frame H1 in the formula under the hypothesis N dimension coordinate space S and the GNP coordinate of main frame H2 are respectively: C
H1 S=(x
1, x
2..., x
N), C
H2 S=(y
1, y
2..., y
N).
In the described step (32), select the method for the IP address of one of them nearest with the Web client GNP that sends DNS request or relative nearer server to have following two kinds:
Select and the nearest IP address corresponding server of this Web client's GNP this Web client's server in response; Or
Select earlier the nearest a plurality of IP address of GNP with this Web client, promptly, in these several IP addresses, select one at random again, with its corresponding server server of this Web client in response according to several minimum IP addresses of distance ordering.
The corresponding mirror image server Sj in the nearest IP address of described selection and Web client's the GNP computing formula of this client Web requested service device in response is: j ∈ { 1..n}, and d
H, Sj=min
I ∈ { 1..n}{ d
H, Si; Be that j gets 1,2 ..., among the n one, d
H, SjBe d
H, S1, d
H, S2..., d
H, SnIn minimum one; Wherein H is Web client, n by with the sum of the corresponding Web server of parsing domain name with different IP addresses;
The described nearest a plurality of IP address of selecting earlier with this Web client of GNP, in this a plurality of IP address, select at random again one select in the step of this Web client's server in response with the computing formula of the quantity m of the nearest a plurality of Web servers of Web client be:
In the formula
For rounding up, promptly
For getting smallest positive integral more than or equal to n/2; Wherein n is the sum of the Web server with different IP addresses corresponding with the domain name of being resolved.
The GSLB method that the present invention is based on global network location GNP is not that a server is specified in repeating query simply, but the relative position factor of considering Web server and Web client is carried out load balancing, can guarantee Web client nearest or relative nearer of selected IP address corresponding server and the request of sending, and then minimizing unnecessary network traffic, guarantee http request responding speed, also guarantee the transmission speed and the quality of Web service, improved the service quality of Web system.
The GSLB method based on GNP of this consideration distance factor of the present invention can also combine with other load-balancing algorithm, is applied to other several GSLB technology.Therefore, the present invention has good application prospects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Web server provides a connection diagram from service to Web client.
Fig. 2 is dns server provides a process schematic diagram from the domain name mapping service to Web client.
Fig. 3 is the domain name of giving an example in DNS query message of the present invention
Www.bupt.edu.cnStored record mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 puts into a three-dimensional system of coordinate schematic diagram to four nodes in the network in the GNP algorithm.
Fig. 5 (A), (B) are respectively three node L as road sign
1, L
2, L
3Relative position figure in network and put it into the GNP algorithm operating schematic diagram of two-dimensional coordinate system.
Fig. 6 (A), (B) are respectively the logical main frame of another Daepori and three road sign L shown in Figure 5
1, L
2, L
3Relative position figure in network and this main frame is put into the GNP algorithm operating schematic diagram of two-dimensional coordinate system.
Fig. 7 is the operating procedure schematic diagram of dns server of the present invention based on the GSLB method of GNP.
Fig. 8 is that the dns server among Fig. 7 is received the handling process block diagram that carries out after Web client's the domain name mapping request based on the GSLB algorithm operating of GNP.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of GSLB method based on global network location GNP, also is the improvement to existing DNS repeating query load-balancing method, is about to original repeating query equalization algorithm and is improved to GSLB algorithm based on GNP.This method is according to the GNP coordinate of the Web client in the DNS query message and the GNP coordinate of each mirror image server with different IP addresses of the domain name correspondence that will resolve by dns server, calculate the GNP distance of this Web client and each server, carry out GSLB according to this distance again and handle, will be apart from this Web client the IP address of nearest or nearer relatively server return to this Web client as the DNS Query Result.Because the GNP distance of obtaining based on the GNP algorithm can reflect the distance (as return time delay round-trip delay) of two main frames on network well, serves as can guarantee that according to the Web server of selecting selected server is nearest or relative nearer with this Web customer network with the GNP distance.For this reason, the present invention at first needs to revise existing DNS message format and dns server software, so that can finish the support based on the GSLB of GNP.
After resolving domain name, select nearest with Web client GNP or the relative nearer corresponding IP address of Web server owing to will make dns server, the present invention at first will do certain modification on the basis of original DNS query message, be that the present invention adds the GNP coordinate and the definition of revising heading that the Web client of http request is sent in preparation in the DNS query message, the Query Result response message that dns server returns need not done any change.
Wherein the modification of query message stem definition is just increased the value of opcode field in attribute field, be that standard queries, 1 is that oppositely inquiry and 2 is on the basis of server state request at existing opcode Field Definition 0 promptly, increasing numerical value 3 is the DNS query message of supporting the GNP coordinate.Other Field Definition in the attribute field is constant.Following table is the composition structure of the attribute field in the DNS heading.
???1???????????4????????????????????????1?????1?????1?????1?????????3??????????????????????4
| QR | ????opcode | ?AA | ?TC | ?RD | ?RA | ????(zero) | ????rcode |
For in the DNS query message, adding the GNP coordinate two kinds of schemes can be arranged:
A kind of is the problem part of revising query message: if common DNS query message has only a problem usually.If support the DNS query message of GNP coordinate, except the IP address lookup field of original domain name, needing increases a problem field (as shown in the table), and writes the GNP coordinate of this main frame in this problem field; Its query type is Coordinate, and types value is 25, expression Web client's GNP coordinate information, and the inquiry class is 5, refers to the GNP coordinate.At the GNP coordinate of this main frame of query name stored, promptly press the form C of GNP coordinate again
H SProvide the coordinate of this main frame, this formula is illustrated in the GNP coordinate of the main frame H under the N dimension coordinate space S; For example the GNP coordinate in the quintuple space is: 5-3.013747 21.12015793.054810-6.044852 12.845207, and wherein the first number N is a positive integer, the expression dimension; N can be for 5 or 7 or 9 ...; Back N 4 byte floating numbers are the value of each dimension coordinate.The problem number of heading will be revised as 2 simultaneously, being about to original problem number increases by 1.
Another kind is to revise and definition extraneous information field: the extra resource record number of common DNS query message is generally 0, expression does not have the extraneous information field, in order to add the GNP coordinate information, it is as shown in the table that the present invention defines the form of extraneous information field of the DNS query message of supporting the GNP coordinate: adopt resource record RR form; Wherein domain name is 0, and expression does not have the domain name on the conventional meaning; Define styles is Coordinate, and its types value is 25, expression Web client's GNP coordinate information; The value of class is 5, refers to the GNP coordinate; The quantity of resource data length specification resource data, if this resource is the GNP coordinate, promptly type field is 25 o'clock, then presses the form C of GNP coordinate
H SThe coordinate of this machine of providing, this formula are illustrated in the GNP coordinate of the main frame H under the N dimension coordinate space S.For example: the coordinate in the quintuple space is: 5-3.01374721.120157 93.054810-6.044852 12.845207, and wherein the first number N is a positive integer, expression dimension, N can be for 5 or 7 or 9 ...; Back N 4 byte floating numbers are the value of each dimension coordinate.
In addition, also to revise existing dns server software, enable to support GSLB based on GNP.Specific practice is to be 3 by the opcode field of reading in the DNS request message stem attribute field, be identified as the DNS query message of supporting the GNP coordinate, in second Problem Areas, read the Web client's who sends query requests GNP coordinate again, or, in extra resource territory thereafter, read the Web client's who sends query requests GNP coordinate according to extra resource record number; Also to revise the database of dns server, to finish initialization based on the GSLB algorithm of GNP.Promptly on the basis of original DNS database, with the GNP coordinate of pairing each the mirror image Web server of each domain name with its IP address record; Dns server will upgrade the GNP coordinate of each IP address correspondence simultaneously when new data more.Like this, when dns server carries out domain name mapping, can access IP address and GNP coordinate corresponding to each server of same domain name.
The PROCESS OVERVIEW that the present invention is based on the GSLB method of global network location GNP is: before a certain Web client will send the http request, when carrying out domain name mapping, dns server is obtained the GNP distance of this Web client to the Web server of each IP address correspondence that will resolve domain name with the GNP algorithm earlier, select a mirror image Web server according to this GNP distance and based on the GSLB algorithm of GNP again, its IP address is returned to Web client.Fig. 7 has explained this processing procedure concisely.
Referring to Fig. 7, describe this processing procedure below in detail.
(1) when Web client will send the http request, if in this main frame, do not keep this main frame at the GNP of space S coordinate C in the past
H S, then need to calculate the GNP coordinate of this main frame, and preserve this GNP coordinate by the method for GNP distance (such as representing this distance) with returning time delay according to each road sign Landmark and this main frame.
(2) send the DNS query requests according to amended DNS query message form, promptly the opcode field value is set is 3 to the attribute field in the DNS query message and add the GNP coordinate information of this main frame.
(3) after dns server is received this Web client's domain name mapping request, if this dns server is not supported the GSLB method based on GNP, then by the load-balancing method of common dns server, repeating query selects the IP address of a server to return; If this dns server is supported the GSLB method based on GNP, then from the DNS query message, take out Web client's GNP coordinate.Because kept a plurality of IP address ips corresponding in the dns server with the domain name that will resolve
S1, IP
S2..., IP
Sn(correspond respectively to mirror image server S1, S2 ..., Sn), with and corresponding GNP coordinate C
S1 S, C
S2 S..., C
Sn S, according to the GNP coordinate of these servers and Web client's GNP coordinate, dns server calculates GNP between this Web client and each Web server apart from d
H, S1, d
H, S2..., d
H, Sn, the formula that wherein calculates two GNP distances between the node is:
These two nodes are two main frame H1 and the H2 under the N dimension coordinate space S in the formula, and its GNP coordinate is respectively: C
H1 S=(x
1, x
2..., x
N) and C
H2 S=(y
1, y
2..., y
N).
(4) dns server is selected the result of the IP address of some mirror image servers as Web client's domain name mapping inquiry.Two kinds of selection modes can be arranged, and a kind of is the nearest mirror image server Sj of selection and this Web client GNP this client Web requested service device in response: j ∈ { 1..n}, and d
H, Sj=min
I ∈ { 1..n}{ d
H, Si; Be that j gets 1,2 ..., among the n one, d
H, SjBe d
H, S1, d
H, S2..., d
H, SnIn minimum one; Wherein H is Web client, n by with the sum of the corresponding Web server of parsing domain name with different IP addresses.But, directly adopt aforesaid way, it is improper http request distribution to occur, promptly has the Web client requests of a large amount of the same areas all to be assigned to same Web server by nearest principle, cause certain Web server load bigger, make that each Web server load gap is bigger.Another kind of selection mode is selected in this moment suggestion for use, promptly adopt GNP nearest with select way of combining at random: select and the nearest a plurality of Web servers of Web client for example m earlier; According to
(
For rounding up, promptly
For getting smallest positive integral more than or equal to n/2, wherein n is the sum of the Web server with different IP addresses corresponding with the domain name of being resolved) computing formula, in this m Web server, select this Web client's a server in response more at random, its IP address is returned to Web client as the domain name mapping result of dns server.
(5) dns server returns to Web client according to the form of common DNS response message with Query Result, so that Web client connects Web server with the IP address of receiving, and downloads the Web page.
Referring to Fig. 8, this figure is that the dns server among Fig. 7 is received the handling process block diagram that carries out after the domain name mapping request that has the GNP coordinate that Web client sends based on the GSLB algorithm operating of GNP.Just the operational flowchart of above-mentioned steps (3)～(5) repeats no more here.
Because the response speed of Web service is to weigh an important indicator of its service quality, the Web server of requirement response http request is nearest or relative nearer with this Web client's, and then guarantee that the http request responding is fastest, be one of key that guarantees the Web service quality.So the present invention is in the GSLB algorithm, Web server and the distance between this Web client of considering response http request are necessary really, and, the consideration that the present invention is based on the factor of adjusting the distance in the GSLB algorithm of GNP can combine with other load-balancing algorithm, and then is applied to other several GSLB technology.For example, the head that can similarly the GNP coordinate be added the http request message, when utilizing the http redirecting technique to carry out load balancing, can from the http message header, take out the GNP coordinate, and select one from the nearer relatively web server response http request of Web client in conjunction with the algorithm (as considering the load-balancing algorithm of other factorses such as load) of other load balancing.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of GSLB method based on the global network location, it is characterized in that: dns server is according to the GNP coordinate of Web client in the DNS query message and the GNP coordinate of each mirror image Web server with different IP addresses of the domain name correspondence that will resolve, calculate the GNP distance of this Web client and each server, carry out GSLB according to this distance again and handle, will be apart from this Web client the IP address of nearest or nearer relatively server return to this Web client as the DNS Query Result.
2, GSLB method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: further comprise the following steps: before this method operation
A, the existing DNS query message form of modification promptly add the GNP coordinate that the Web client of http request is sent in preparation in this DNS query message; The Query Result response message that dns server returns need not done any change;
B, the existing dns server software of modification, enable to discern the DNS query message that contains the GNP coordinate and in database, find the IP address and the GNP coordinate thereof of pairing each server of each domain name, finish initialization based on the GSLB algorithm of GNP.
3, GSLB method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described steps A further comprises following operating procedure:
The definition of A1, modification query message stem: the value that increases the opcode field in attribute field, be that standard queries, 1 is that oppositely inquiry and 2 is on the basis of server state request at existing opcode Field Definition 0 promptly, increasing numerical value 3 is the DNS inquiry of supporting the GNP coordinate;
A2, in the DNS query message, add the GNP coordinate.
4, GSLB method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described steps A 2 adds the GNP coordinate in the DNS query message operating procedure is one of following two kinds of methods:
Revise the problem part of query message: in the DNS query message of supporting the GNP coordinate, except the IP address lookup field of original domain name, increase a problem field, and in this problem field, write the GNP coordinate of this main frame, its query type is Coordinate, and types value is 25, expression Web client's GNP coordinate information, the inquiry class is 5, refers to the GNP coordinate; At the GNP coordinate of this main frame of query name stored, promptly press the form C of GNP coordinate again
H SProvide the coordinate of this main frame, this formula is illustrated in the GNP coordinate of the main frame H under the N dimension coordinate space S, and wherein N is the dimension of current GNP coordinate; Problem number with heading is revised as 2 simultaneously, and being about to original problem number increases by 1; Or
Revise and definition extraneous information field: definition supports the extraneous information field format of the DNS query message of GNP coordinate to adopt resource record RR form; Wherein domain name is 0, and expression does not have the domain name on the conventional meaning; Define styles is Coordinate, and types value is 25, expression Web client's GNP coordinate information; The value of class is 5, refers to the GNP coordinate; The quantity of resource data length specification resource data, when this resource is the GNP coordinate time, promptly type field is 25 o'clock, then presses the form C of GNP coordinate
H SThe coordinate of this machine of providing, this formula are illustrated in the GNP coordinate of the main frame H under the N dimension coordinate space S, and wherein N is the dimension of current GNP coordinate.
5, GSLB method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described step B further comprises following operating procedure:
The DNS query message of GNP coordinate is supported in B1, dns server identification: the opcode field that dns server is read in the DNS request message stem attribute field is 3, promptly discern this message for supporting the DNS query message of GNP coordinate, in second Problem Areas, read the Web client's who sends query requests GNP coordinate again; Or, in extra resource territory thereafter, read the Web client's who sends query requests GNP coordinate according to extra resource record number;
B2, revise the database of dns server: on the basis of original DNS database, with the GNP coordinate of pairing each mirror image Web server of each domain name with its IP address stored record; Dns server upgrades the GNP coordinate of each IP address correspondence simultaneously when new data more, so that when dns server carries out domain name mapping, obtain IP address and GNP coordinate corresponding to each server of same domain name.
6, GSLB method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this method comprises following operating procedure:
(1) when Web client will send the http request, if in this main frame, do not preserve this main frame before this at the GNP of space S coordinate C
H S, then Web client need be according to the distance of each road sign Landmark and this main frame, at the GNP of space S coordinate, and preserves this GNP coordinate according to this main frame of GNP algorithm computation;
(2) Web client sends the DNS query requests that contains this main frame GNP coordinate information according to amended DNS query message form;
(3) after dns server is received the domain name mapping request that has the GNP coordinate information that Web client sends, if this dns server is not supported the GSLB method based on GNP, then by the load-balancing method of common dns server, repeating query selects the IP address of a server to return; If this dns server is supported the GSLB method based on GNP, then select the IP address of this Web client's of response server to return as this Web client's domain name mapping request results according to the GNP load-balancing algorithm;
(4) dns server returns to Web client according to the form of common DNS response message with Query Result, so that Web client connects Web server with the IP address of receiving, and downloads the Web page.
7, GSLB method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: in the described step (3), when dns server support during based on the GSLB method of GNP, further comprise following operating procedure:
(31) from the DNS query message, take out this Web client's GNP coordinate, find the IP address list of the domain name correspondence that will resolve after, arrive the GNP distance of each pairing server in IP address according to this Web client of GNP algorithm computation;
(32) select the IP address of one of them nearest with the Web client GNP that sends DNS request or relative nearer server;
(33) selected IP address is write the DNS response message as the response results of DNS query message, and return to Web client.
8, GSLB method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: in the described step (31) according to GNP algorithm computation Web client to the algorithmic formula of the GNP distance of each pairing server in IP address be:
Main frame H1 in the formula under the hypothesis N dimension coordinate space S and the GNP coordinate of main frame H2 are respectively: C
H1 S=(x
1, x
2..., x
N), C
H2 S=(y
1, y
2..., y
N).
9, GSLB method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: in the described step (32), select the method for the IP address of one of them nearest with the Web client GNP that sends DNS request or relative nearer server to have following two kinds:
Select and the nearest IP address corresponding server of this Web client's GNP this Web client's server in response; Or
Select earlier the nearest a plurality of IP address of GNP with this Web client, promptly, in these several IP addresses, select one at random again, with its corresponding server server of this Web client in response according to several minimum IP addresses of distance ordering.
10, GSLB method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the corresponding mirror image server Sj in the nearest IP address of described selection and Web client's the GNP computing formula of this client Web requested service device in response is: j ∈ { 1..n}, and d
H, Sj=min
I ∈ { 1..n}{ d
H, Si; Be that j gets 1,2 ..., among the n one, d
H, SjBe d
H, S1, d
H, S2..., d
H, SnIn minimum one; Wherein H is Web client, and n is the sum of the Web server with different IP addresses corresponding with the domain name of being resolved;
The described nearest a plurality of IP address of selecting earlier with this Web client of GNP, in this a plurality of IP address, select at random again one select in the step of this Web client's server in response with the computing formula of the quantity m of the nearest a plurality of Web servers of Web client be:
In the formula
For rounding up, promptly
For getting smallest positive integral more than or equal to n/2; Wherein n is the sum of the Web server with different IP addresses corresponding with the domain name of being resolved.
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