CN1517199A - 用于制造包装带的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造包装带的方法 Download PDF

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CN1517199A
CN1517199A CNA2004100027231A CN200410002723A CN1517199A CN 1517199 A CN1517199 A CN 1517199A CN A2004100027231 A CNA2004100027231 A CN A2004100027231A CN 200410002723 A CN200410002723 A CN 200410002723A CN 1517199 A CN1517199 A CN 1517199A
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pet
twin
double
screw extruder
extruder
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CN1273283C (zh
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�ڶ�����Ī��-�Ҹ�
于尔根·莫顿－芬格
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Machine Factory Of Leffinhauser Co ltd
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    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
    • B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
    • B29C55/065—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed in several stretching steps
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    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B29B7/426—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with consecutive casings or screws, e.g. for charging, discharging, mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于制造聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)包装带的方法，其中使用一个双螺杆挤压机对PET材料进行挤压，在挤压过程中，挤压机的内部空间经过脱气处理。熔融塑料被以条带状从一个位于双螺杆挤压机后方的离心头中输出。塑料条带随后经过冷却和拉伸处理。

Description

用于制造包装带的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)包装带的方法。优选的是，PET废料被应用在根据本发明的方法中。但是，从本质上说，原生PET也可以被用作PET材料。在本发明的框架之内，PET废料尤其指的是切碎的PET废品，特别是切碎的已使用PET瓶子。优选的是，制取所谓PET碎片的切碎操作被应用在根据本发明的方法中。
背景技术
与新的PET材料或者新的PET颗粒相比，PET废料较为便宜。但是，PET废料具有相当多的缺点。主要缺点是含有较多的杂质并且分子链的长度相对较小。此外，PET废料具有相对较高的水分含量，并且还呈非晶体形式存在。
实际上，公知的是对PET废料进行再处理并且尤其是将其进一步处理成纤维状态。为此，PET废料首先被结晶处理，并且随后被干燥，此后才是对经过合适处理后的废料进行挤压。结晶和干燥处理会占用高达八个小时，从而使得无论材料是否适合于进行进一步处理，均需要频繁地在若干小时后进行清理。如果发现一批材料具有较差的质量，那么这些将被看作是废品。此外，结晶和干燥操作非常耗能并且成本较高。
公知的是使用一个双螺杆挤压机来对仍旧潮湿的PET材料进行处理(EP 1226922 A1)。这种双螺杆挤压机的内部空间使用泵来脱气，从而将水分从PET材料中去除。使用这种已知方法只能生产出PET颗粒。
构成本发明基础的技术问题是，提供一种用于制造包装带的方法，利用这种方法，可以生产出具有最佳机械性能的包装带，尤其是具有高强度和良好弹性的包装带。
发明概述
为了解决所述问题，本发明提出了一种用于制造聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)包装带的方法，
其中，使用一个双螺杆挤压机对PET材料进行挤压，优选的是对未经预先干燥的PET废料进行挤压，
其中，在挤压过程中挤压机的内部空间经过脱气，
其中，熔融的塑料被以条带状从一个位于双螺杆挤压机后方的离心头中输出，并且
其中，塑料条带随后经过冷却和拉伸处理。
在本发明的框架之内，PET废料指的是由至少为50重量百分比的PET废料或者PET回收材料组成的材料，优选的是至少为80重量百分比，并且更为优选的是至少为90重量百分比。非常优选的是，所使用的PET材料完全由PET废料组成。尤其是在本发明的框架之内，根据本发明所使用的PET废料由已使用的PET瓶子获得。更为合适的是，已使用过的PET瓶子经过切碎处理，以便形成所谓的PET薄片，在根据本发明的方法的框架之内，所谓的PET薄片被优选使用。但是，PET废料也可以来自于已使用的PET薄膜。原生的PET也基本上可以被用在该方法中。
在根据本发明的方法中，特别重要的是，PET材料可以在既无需预先结晶又无需预先干燥的条件下用于或者输送入双螺杆挤压机中。
根据一个优选实施例，使用至少一根计量螺杆将PET废料输送入双螺杆挤压机中。尽管在这里提及了计量螺杆，但是词语计量螺杆通常实际上指的是一个计量装置。不过，优选的是一根计量螺杆被用作计量装置。以这种方式，可以非常精确地实现PET材料的定量添加。优选的是，双螺杆挤压机被按一定的比例未供足料而驱动，以便使得螺程(screw walks)中仅有25％至60％填充有PET材料，优选的是仅有30％至50％填充有PET材料。双螺杆挤压机的这种输送或者未供足料可以使用所述优选使用的计量螺杆来高效完成。根据本发明的一个非常优选实施例，使用了一个带有沿着相同方向进行旋转的挤压螺杆的双螺杆挤压机。在本实施例中，双螺杆挤压机中的两个挤压螺杆均具有相同的回转方向或者旋转方向。
更为合适的是，使用至少一个连接于挤压机内部空间中的泵或者真空泵来实现对挤压机内部空间的脱气处理。根据本发明的一个优选实施例，至少在挤压机内部空间的两个连接位置处进行脱气操作，这两个连接位置沿着输送方向依次排列。
根据一个非常优选的实施例，该实施例在本发明的框架之内特别重要，至少一种链伸长物质被添加到PET材料中。更为合适的是，至少一种链伸长物质被输送入挤压机的内部空间内。换句话说，PET材料与链伸长物质在挤压机的内部空间中发生混合。优选的是，在沿着输送方向于挤压机内部空间中进行脱气操作之后添加入链伸长物质。一种链伸长物质也被称作所谓的“增链剂”。链伸长物质具有耦合在PET分子链的端部并且将两个PET分子键联起来的能力。优选的是，一种内酰胺衍生物和/或一种恶唑衍生物被用作链伸长物质。根据一个实施例，一种己内酰胺衍生物被用作链伸长物质。在本发明的范围之内，使用了一种内酰胺盐(lactamate)作为链伸长物质，并且非常优选的是使用羰基双己内酰胺化物(carbonyl biscaprolactamate)。根据另外一个实施例，一种噁唑被用作链伸长物质。在这里，噁唑指的是一种噁唑衍生物，其仅具有一个双键。根据一个优选的实施例，可以将1，4-苯撑双噁唑用作链伸长物质。
在本发明的范围之内，使用至少一个熔融物泵将离开双螺杆挤压机的PET熔融物输送至离心头。在本发明的范围之内，尤其重要的是使用了所述熔融物泵。还有，在本发明的范围之内，在双螺杆挤压机之后设置有一个筛网过滤器。更为合适的是，筛网过滤器被置于双螺杆挤压机与熔融物泵之间。根据本发明的一个非常优选实施例，沿着输送方向在筛网过滤器之前和筛网过滤器之后对熔融物的压力进行测定，并且送往双螺杆挤压机的PET材料的计量操作和/或双螺杆挤压机的旋转速度根据测定出的压力值发生变化。在这种情况下，可以通过调节计量螺杆的旋转速度来改变对PET材料的计量。在对筛网过滤器的冲洗过程中，前述压力调节尤其非常有用。优选的是，进行背面冲洗，并且根据筛网过滤器的玷污程度，熔融物被移入开口(open)内，以便将污物从筛网上冲洗掉。在冲洗过程中，会短时间地从双螺杆挤压机额外需要添加材料。通过根据本发明进行压力调节，所述背面冲洗可以不会产生任何问题的条件下进行，否则将会导致生产工序发生紊乱。
在本发明的范围之内，使用一种流体介质来对离开离心头的塑料条带进行冷却，优选的是在一个水槽中进行。在冷却处理之后，更为合适的是，在至少一个拉伸装置中对塑料条带进行拉伸。
本发明基于这种认识，即可以使用根据本发明的方法来利用相对便宜的PET废料制造出具有令人惊奇的有益性能的包装带。这种包装带具有优越的强度和最佳的拉伸性能。利用根据本发明的方法，可以简便、省力并且经济地制造出一种满足所有要求的包装带。
附图说明
下面将参照附图详细地对本发明进行阐述，这些附图仅示出了一个示例性实施例。其中：
图1是一个用于实施根据本发明的方法的设备的示意图，而
图2也是一个示意图，示出了图1中的一个放大区域。
具体实施方式
附图示出了一个用于实施根据本发明的方法的设备，用于制造聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)包装带1。呈PET碎片2形式的PET废料借助于一根计量螺杆3被输送至一个双螺杆挤压机4中，利用该双螺杆挤压机4对PET废料进行挤压，其中所述PET废料通过切碎已使用过的PET瓶子而获得。在这种情况下，PET碎片2由计量螺杆3以定量方式按一定的比例添加到双螺杆挤压机4中，使得双螺杆挤压机4被非满载驱动，从而使得两根挤压螺杆上的螺程仅有30％至50％左右填充有PET废料。此外，双螺杆挤压机4还具有两根沿着相同旋转方向进行旋转的挤压螺杆，它们由一个挤压马达5进行驱动。使用一个真空泵7来对挤压机的内部空间进行脱气处理。为此，沿着双螺杆挤压机的输送方向两根脱气管线8、9被依次连接在挤压机的内部空间6中。作为这种脱气操作的结果，可以有效地将水分从PET废料中去除。使用一个计量装置10以定量方式将一种链伸长物质(chain-lengthening substance)添加到PET废料或者挤压机的内部空间6中，所述计量装置10沿着输送方向位于脱气管线8、9的后方。在该示例性实施中，链伸长物质可以是己酰双己内酰胺化物(capronyl biscaprolactamate)。
在双螺杆挤压机4的后方，设置有一个筛网过滤器11，一个熔融物泵12被连接于其上。熔融物泵12将PET熔融物输送至一个离心头13中，PET熔融物从这里以条带状排出。在该示例性实施例中，在筛网过滤器11之前或者熔融物泵12之前的第一测定位置14处对熔融物的压力进行测定，并且在筛网过滤器11之后或者熔融物泵12处的第二测定位置15处对熔融物的压力进行测定。使用一个调整装置16，可以根据测定出的压力值对双螺杆挤压机4在挤压马达5处的旋转速度和/或计量螺杆3在计量螺杆3的驱动马达17处的旋转速度进行调节。以这种方式，塑性材料的供给或者输送可以被改变以适应一种安全并且高效的相应条件。
随后，离开离心头(spinning head)13的条带状或者薄片状PET穿过一个水槽18用来冷却，水槽18具有比如60℃的温度。更为合适的是，塑料接着被导引穿过一个第一拉伸装置19中，该第一拉伸装置19比如以15米/分钟的输送速度进行工作。在本示例性实施例中，条带状塑料随后穿过一个第二拉伸装置20，该第二拉伸装置20比如以60米/分钟的输送速度进行工作。在拉伸装置19与20之间，塑料条带被沿着纵向或者说沿着输送方向拉伸。条带状塑料随后被导引穿过一个炉子21，在这里其得以加热并且最好被加热至玻璃化温度(glass temperature)之上。塑料条带随后被导引穿过一个第三拉伸装置22，该第三拉伸装置22比如以90米/分钟的输送速度进行工作。在拉伸装置20与22之间，塑料条带也被沿着纵向或者说沿着输送方向拉伸。条带状塑料薄片随后被导引穿过一个定形装置23，在这里塑料薄片得以加热。接着，在冷却装置24中塑料薄片发生冷却。塑料薄片随后被导引穿过一个第四拉伸装置25，该第四拉伸装置25比如以85米/分钟的工作速度进行工作。塑料薄片接着被缠绕入一个未示出的缠绕装置内。由此制取的塑料薄片或者塑料条带尤其适用作包装带。
示例性实施例
根据现有技术，利用原生PET材料制成具有550牛/平方毫米的强度和15％的拉伸率的包装带。根据现有技术，利用预先干燥后的PET薄片获得具有500牛/平方毫米的强度和15％的拉伸率的包装带。使用根据本发明的方法，干燥的PET薄片被处理而产生具有750牛/平方毫米的强度和15％的拉伸率的包装带。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制造聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)包装带(1)的方法，
其中，使用一个双螺杆挤压机(4)对PET材料进行挤压，优选的是对PET废料进行挤压，
在挤压过程中，挤压机的内部空间(6)被脱气，
熔融的塑料被以条带状从位于双螺杆挤压机后的离心头(13)中输出，并且
塑料条带随后被冷却和拉伸。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的方法，其特征在于，使用至少一个计量螺杆(3)将PET材料供送至双螺杆挤压机(4)。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一所述的方法，其特征在于，双螺杆挤压机(4)被按一定的比例未供足料而驱动，使得两根挤压螺杆上的螺程仅有25％至60％填充有PET材料，优选的是仅有30％至50％填充有PET材料。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一所述的方法，其特征在于，使用了一个带有沿着相同方向旋转的挤压螺杆的双螺杆挤压机(4)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一所述的方法，其特征在于：使用至少一个连接于挤压机内部空间(6)中的泵来完成对挤压机内部空间(6)的脱气。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一所述的方法，其特征在于：至少一种链伸长物质被输送入挤压机内部空间(6)内。
7.根据权利要求6中所述的方法，其特征在于：一种内酰胺衍生物和/或一种噁唑衍生物被用作所述链伸长物质。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一所述的方法，其特征在于：使用一个位于双螺杆挤压机(4)之后的筛网过滤器(11)，并且沿着输送方向在筛网过滤器(11)之前和筛网过滤器(11)之后对熔融物的压力进行测量，根据测量出的压力值，送往双螺杆挤压机(4)的PET材料的计量操作和双螺杆挤压机(4)的旋转速度被改变。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一所述的方法，其特征在于：使用至少一个熔融物泵(12)将PET熔融物输送至离心头(13)中。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一所述的方法，其特征在于：使用一种流体介质优选地是在一个水槽(18)中对离开离心头(13)的塑料条带进行冷却。
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