CN1501872A - 内部夹具 - Google Patents
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- CN1501872A CN1501872A CNA028069447A CN02806944A CN1501872A CN 1501872 A CN1501872 A CN 1501872A CN A028069447 A CNA028069447 A CN A028069447A CN 02806944 A CN02806944 A CN 02806944A CN 1501872 A CN1501872 A CN 1501872A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
- B62D29/048—Connections therefor, e.g. joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D23/00—Combined superstructure and frame, i.e. monocoque constructions
- B62D23/005—Combined superstructure and frame, i.e. monocoque constructions with integrated chassis in the whole shell, e.g. meshwork, tubes, or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
- B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
- B62D27/026—Connections by glue bonding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
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- F16B2200/69—Redundant disconnection blocking means
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Automatic Assembly (AREA)
- Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
- Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
一种夹具装置,例如用来给部件定位以便于装配线过程的进行。夹具装置将一个第一部件(10)和一个第二部件(12)以一个期望的空间关系固定起来。夹具装置具有一个第一紧固装置,该第一紧固装置由连接到第一部件(10)的紧固件(20)组成。夹具装置还具有一个第二紧固装置,该第二紧固装置由带有可调节囊(18)的紧固插件(14)组成。锁定销(22)将紧固件(20)锁定到可调节囊(18)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及夹具和夹具装置(jigging device)。特别的是,本发明涉及与已知夹具装置相比可以被认为是内部永久型的夹具装置。
本发明还涉及用夹具加工的一种新方法。
背景技术
夹具和夹具装置广为人知,而且广泛地用于制造行业。具体说来,夹具有各种基准表面和/或点,使部件或工具可以准确定位。在许多加工过程中,这对夹具部件来讲是普遍的,以便于这些部件在例如冲压、铆接、焊接、粘贴或凝固的过程中可以保持正确的并置关系。夹具被认为是加工行业中必不可少的部件,而且是计算加工成本的重要部件,也是在生产过程中要求后勤考虑的重要部件。
绝大多数定位过程都利用夹具实现,这些夹具在待成形物体的外部。这些现有技术的定位过程常常需要夹子、临时支架或物体最终形状的轮廓。
现有技术的用夹具加工过程存在的一些问题可以借助与加工钢架车辆有关的例子进行描述。在这些车辆的加工过程中,该实施例中的架子是管状的,车辆的板被粘接到架子。在粘接过程中,必须调节一个板相对另一个板的位置,而且当胶贴剂凝固时,必须将板固定在正确位置上。在过去,这可以利用外部夹子等实现。但是这些是利用夹子的缺点。例如,夹子必须小心地被移开,并必须小心地放回板装配位置,这样使生产线复杂化。通常,由于需要压力将部件固定在一起,所以板会受到损坏。夹子无助于最终的装配强度。此外,夹子的存在会妨碍涂漆和其它生产线例如布线过程的进行。
在许多情况下,不能使车辆沿着一个装配线前进直到胶贴剂凝固。这导致加工过程的效率很低,加工时间大大延长和/或需要多个粘接工位。
发明内容
本发明的一个目标是,提供一种夹具装置和一种用夹具加工的方法(method of jigging),至少在一些实施例中,可以利用内部的而不是外部的装置来给部件进行定位。本发明另一个目标是,在一些实施例中,能在预装配过程中进行自动和程序的公差控制。本发明另一个目标是,提供一种不需要移开的夹具,以便于装配线过程能连续不停。
因此,本发明提供一种夹具装置,用来将第一部件以空间关系固定到第二部件,该装置包括一个连接到第一部件的第一紧固装置和一个连接到第二部件的第二紧固装置,第一和第二紧固装置中至少一个紧固装置包括用来调节第一和第二部件之间空间关系的调节装置,夹具装置还包括适用于将第一紧固装置锁定到第二紧固装置的锁定装置。
本发明还包括一种用来将第一部件以空间关系固定到第二部件的用夹具加工的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将第一紧固装置连接到第一部件;
(2)将第二紧固装置连接到第二部件;
(3)借助调节装置调节第一部件相对第二部件的空间关系;
(4)将第一紧固装置锁定到第二紧固装置。
优选的是,步骤(4)后跟随有步骤(5),其中,第一部件借助粘贴作用、焊接或类似加工方法连接到第二部件。
要理解的是,本发明用夹具加工的方法中,步骤可以以不同于上述顺序的顺序进行。举例来说,步骤(2)可以在步骤(3)后进行。
第一部件和第二部件可以来自多种选择。举例来说,在构架车辆的加工过程中,第一部件可以是车辆的管状架的一部分,而第二部件可以是一个板。利用本发明的夹具装置或方法,板可以相对构架以任何理想空间关系被调节。例如,板可以被调节到靠近构架或进一步远离构架。板可以被调节到更靠近或进一步远离相邻的板。
第一和第二紧固装置和调节装置同样可以选自各种供选装置,锁定装置也是这样。然而要理解的是,第一和第二紧固装置、调节装置和/或锁定装置可以手动操作,或以一种相对简单的结构存在,优选的是,至少锁定装置可以遥控地被启动、被锁定或解开。在这方面,可以在此引用国际专利申请PCT/AU99/00185的内容作为参考。该说明书公开了锁定装置和用于这种锁定装置的遥控启动方法和调节装置的各种形式。
作为一种本发明夹具装置和方法的替换,调节装置与一个紧固装置比与另一个调节装置更相联。另外一个选择是,第一调节装置与第一紧固装置相联,而第二调节装置与第二紧固装置相联,由此增加了改变空间关系的方式。
利用本发明的夹具装置,可以调节一个部件例如板相对第二部件例如钢架的准确空间关系,将第一部件从第二部件释放,并将同一板或一个替代的板(如果第一板被损坏的话)重新放置到构架上准确的要求位置上。此外,在各个部件被定位在适当位置上后,可以移开一个部件,涂敷胶贴剂,并将那个部件重新放置在准确的要求位置上。在该实施例中,当胶贴剂凝固时,本发明的夹具装置将第一部件保持在相对第二部件的正确位置上。
可以利用任何理想的方式将紧固装置连接到部件,包括利用胶贴剂,利用紧固装置可以装配到其中的凸缘,利用双面带(具有适当剥落强度),利用将第一紧固装置连接到部件的其它方式,或利用在部件内或部件上模制或成形紧固装置的方法。
调节装置可以以任何期望的方式进行调节。举例来说,调节装置可以有一连串锯齿状突起或一个螺纹,在各种情况下都适合以互补形状被容纳。再举例来说,调节装置可以有第一和第二部件,一个部件能滑入另一个部件中进行调节。
虽然本发明的夹具装置包括工作原理与国际专利申请PCT/AU99/00185的紧固和释放***相同的锁定装置,但是,作为另一种替换,本发明的夹具装置可以是智能的,即,夹具装置可以具有使第一部件相对第二部件进行自动调节的装置。举例来说,这种智能装置能检测出相邻板之间的不合需要的间隙,并且能自动启动调节装置,以闭合(close)间隙,以便于使间隙落在预定公差范围内。利用这种方式,板等可以进行自动调节。
另外,要理解的是本发明的夹具装置和方法可以以不同的方式被使用。夹具装置可以用来将一个部件临时紧固到另一个部件上,同时对部件进行准确定位。一旦获得部件的适当定位后,可以利用本发明夹具装置将一个部件锁定到另一个部件上。作为替换,夹具装置能将部件解开,同时可以保持该适当位置。在这个基础上,当部件再被装配起来时,它们立即就可以位于适当的、预定的、有关的位置上。
附图说明
现在将结合附图中所示的某些非限制性实施例来描述本发明,其中:
附图1-3显示了本发明夹具装置和方法的第一实施例的横截面图;
附图4-9更详细地显示了附图1-3中所示实施例的一些部件的放大图;
附图10-13显示了本发明夹具装置和方法的第二实施例的横截面图;
附图14是第二实施例的放大图;
附图15和16显示了第二实施例的纵向横截面图;
附图17是第二实施例的顶视图;
附图18是第二实施例的侧视图;
附图19-22显示了本发明夹具装置和方法的第三实施例的横截面图;
附图23是附图21的特写图;
附图24是第三实施例的放大图;
附图25和26显示了第三实施例的纵向横截面图;
附图27显示了第三实施例的顶视图;和
附图28显示了第三实施例的侧视图。
具体实施方式
附图1至3显示了以一定空间关系与一个第二部件(管状钢架12)固定起来的第一部件(板10)。附图1显示被***一个开口16的紧固插件14,开口是为了***的目的而设置在管状钢架12中的。正如附图2中看到的一样,带有可调节囊(capsule)18的紧固插件14构成第二紧固装置。第一紧固装置包括显示在附图2中的板紧固件20,该板紧固件被连接(例如利用胶贴剂)到板10。
正如附图3中看到的一样,在紧固***件14中以期望的方式调节好可调节囊18后,板紧固件20可以连接到可调节囊18,而且被锁定销22锁定在适当的位置上。
附图4-8更加详细地显示了可调节囊18,而附图9中显示了板紧固件20的特写图。正如附图4中所看到的一样,可调节囊18具有一连串锯齿状突出24和一个锁定凸边26,而且包括夹头28。
附图8是沿着附图4线8-8的横截面图,而附图7是沿着附图5线7-7的横截面图。除了夹头(keeper)28外,可调节囊还包括夹头30。所示锁定销22位于夹头28的区域。
在附图6中可以看到附图5所示可调节囊18的顶视图。
结合附图8,可调节囊18的壁32能在不受锁定销22妨碍的地方向内弯曲。
如图9所示,板紧固件20包括脊状筒柱壁34和另一个夹头36。
为了实现该第一实施例,紧固插件14最好利用粘附作用设于管状钢架12中。可调节囊18利用附图2中所示位置上的锁定销22设于紧固插件14中。最好再利用粘附作用将板紧固件20连接到板10。相对紧固插件14调节好可调节囊18,以便于当连接到板紧固件20时,板10距管状钢架12有所需要的距离。然后,板紧固件20通过推入配合而连接到可调节囊18,刚性圆柱壁34引起挠性壁32向内弯曲,以使锁定凸边26位于板紧固件20的槽口38中(参见附图9)。如图3中所示,锁定销22被引起向上移动,直到它与夹头36接触。在这种状态下,锁定销22将锁定凸边26固定在槽口38中,并有效地将板紧固件20锁定到可调节囊18,由此也将板10保持在管状钢架12的期望位置上。可以借助任何理想方法最好是遥控例如借助无线电通信、磁或电信号或任何其它合适方式来使锁定销22移动,这种方式被描述在国际专利申请PCT/AU99/00185中。
现在参考附图10-14,再一次显示了被***管状钢架12(附图10)中的紧固插件14。具有颈部42的可调节板40设置在紧固插件14中。锁定销44暂时处于未锁定状态(参见附图11和12)。然后将具有锁定销48的板46***可调节板40的适当位置上,该可调节板被调节成使板10和管状钢架12之间存在合适的高度(附图12)。如图13所示,一旦调节好这个合适的高度,就通过使锁定销44邻接于夹头50,将可调节板40锁定到紧固插件14中的合适位置。将板46从可调节板40移开,粘接到板12,然后再***可调节板40中。如果需要的话,可以使锁定销48将板46锁定到合适位置。作为另一种选择,现在可以将胶贴剂大体***板10和管状钢架12之间。这一点进一步显示在附图15和16中,这些图是垂直于附图10-14的视图的纵向横截面。
附图14显示紧固插件14、可调节板40和板46的特写图。正如第一实施例中的情况(例如附图1中),紧固插件14包括内部锯齿突起52。沟槽54用来给管状钢架12进行定位。可调节板40具有锯齿突起24,该锯齿突起与紧固插件14上的内部锯齿突起52互补。夹头50将颈部42的腿部固定在合适位置上。可调节板40也包括弹性腿部56和间隔腿部58。弹性腿部56设计成可以将板46上的腿部60锁定在沟槽62中。在附图13中被胶贴剂64连接到板10的板46包括锁定销48,该锁定销具有夹头66和68。如图13所示,通过使锁定销44向下移动而邻接于夹头50,可调节板40被锁定到管状钢架12。可以通过使锁定销48从附图11所示位置移动到附图12所示位置,将板46锁定到可调节板40。如前所述,锁定销44和48的锁定利用遥控启动装置是可选择地转换的。
正如附图15和16中看到的一样,在为了堆积胶贴剂而将板46从可调节板40解开后,可以将大量胶贴剂70堆积在管状钢架12上。然后当胶贴剂70凝固时(参见附图16),将板46锁定到可调节板40中的合适位置上,使板10和管状钢架12之间保持期望的空间关系。
附图17中显示第二实施例的顶视图,附图18显示侧视图。
附图19至28中显示第三实施例。该实施例与前述实施例相似,同样的部件用同样的数字表示。但是,前述实施例显示经过板46中锁定销48的一个双紧固件,而该实施例具有一个带两个锁定销的单紧固件。
如前所述,如图19所示,紧固插件14被设置在管状钢架12内,颈部42利用锁定销44调节到合适位置上。如图21所示,在板10被粘接到板紧固件72后,检查板10用于正确相对于管状钢架12定位。然后,如图22和25所示,将板紧固件72从可调节板40中释放。将胶贴剂70堆积在管状钢架12和板10,并将板紧固件72再定位并锁定到如图26所示的位置上。
附图27显示该实施例的顶视图,附图28显示该实施例的侧视图。要理解到,附图26是沿着附图27线A-A的一个纵向横截面图,而附图23是沿着附图28线B-B的一个横断面图。
从附图24中可以看出该实施例的细节,除了锁定销80外,还包括夹头74、76和78。
本领域技术人员要理解到,可以对所述实施例作出各种改变,和进行其它修改,这些改变和修改不脱离本发明精神和范围。例如,将紧固装置上的调节装置连接到板而不是连接到所述管状钢架,这种改变落在本发明范围内。在两个紧固装置上设置调节装置的改变也落在本发明范围内。
工业实用性
本发明对夹具结构提出了一个重要的改进,能使装配线生产更准确有效,同时大大降低成本。
Claims (22)
1.一种用来将第一部件以空间关系固定到第二部件的夹具装置,该装置包括一个连接到第一部件的第一紧固装置,和一个连接到第二部件的第二紧固装置,第一和第二紧固装置中至少一个紧固装置包括用来调节第一部件和第二部件之间的空间关系的调节装置,所述夹具装置还包括适合用来将第一紧固装置锁定到第二紧固装置的锁定装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹具装置,其中,第一部件是车辆的一个板,第二部件是车辆的管状框架的一部分。
3.根据权利要求2所述的夹具装置,其中,调节装置适合用来调节板使其更靠近或更远离所述框架。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的夹具装置,其中,调节装置适合用来调节板,以便于使其更靠近或更远离相邻的板。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一所述的夹具装置,其中,第一和第二紧固装置、调节装置和/或锁定装置适合手动操作。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一所述的夹具装置,其中,锁定装置适合被启动,以便于被遥控地锁定或被开锁。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一所述的夹具装置,其中,调节装置与一个紧固装置比与另一个紧固装置更加相关联。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一所述的夹具装置,该装置包括两个调节装置,第一调节装置与第一紧固装置相联,而第二调节装置与第二紧固装置相联。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一所述的夹具装置,其中,紧固装置利用选自:胶贴剂、紧固装置被装配到其中的凸缘、具有适当剥落强度的双面带和在部件内或部件上进行模制或成形的方法而连接到相应部件。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一所述的夹具装置,其中,调节装置包括一连串锯齿状突起或一个螺纹,在各种情况下适合以互补形状被容纳。
11.根据权利要求1-9中任一所述的夹具装置,其中,调节装置包括第一和第二部分,一个部分能滑入另一个部分中以进行调节。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一所述的夹具装置,该装置包括智能装置,该智能装置适合用来使第一部件相对第二部件进行自动调节。
13.根据权利要求12所述的夹具装置,其中,智能装置能检测出不合需要的间隙,并且能自动启动调节装置来闭合间隙,以便于使间隙落在预定公差范围内。
14.一种用来将第一部件以空间关系固定到第二部件的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
i)将第一紧固装置连接到第一部件;
ii)将第二紧固装置连接到第二部件;
iii)借助调节装置调节第一部件相对第二部件的空间关系;
iv)将第一紧固装置锁定到第二紧固装置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的用夹具加工的方法,该方法包括一个将第一部件连接到第二部件的另一步骤。
16.根据权利要求15所述的用夹具加工的方法,其中,第一部件借助粘贴作用或焊接连接到第二部件。
17.根据权利要求14所述的用夹具加工的方法,其中,步骤(i)至(iii)可以以任何顺序进行。
18.根据权利要求1-17中任一个所述的用夹具加工的方法,其中,第一部件是用于车辆的一个板,而第二部件是用于车辆的一个管状框架的一部分。
19.根据权利要求14-18中任一所述的用夹具加工的方法,其中,将第一紧固装置锁定到第二紧固装置的步骤遥控地进行。
20.根据权利要求14-19中任一所述的用夹具加工的方法,其中,借助调节装置调节第一部件相对第二部件的空间关系的步骤自动地进行。
21.一种用来将第一部件以空间关系固定到第二部件的用夹具加工的方法,基本上如结合附图的图1-9或10-18或19-28所进行描述的那样。
22.一种夹具装置,基本上如在此结合附图的图1-9或10-18或19-28中任一进行描述的那样。
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CN103249955B (zh) * | 2010-10-15 | 2015-11-25 | 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 | 用于将包括至少一个开口的部件紧固在承载件上的装置和方法 |
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WO2002074612A8 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
CN1292952C (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
AU2002240705B2 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
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US20060066018A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
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WO2002074612A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
EP1379426A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
EP1379426A4 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
ATE372914T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
DE60222397T2 (de) | 2008-06-05 |
AUPR385101A0 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
CA2445359A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
JP2005506493A (ja) | 2005-03-03 |
DE60222397D1 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
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