CN1494700A - 含有至少一个和芯片接于同一天线上的***设备的无接触便携物 - Google Patents

含有至少一个和芯片接于同一天线上的***设备的无接触便携物 Download PDF

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CN1494700A
CN1494700A CNA02805699XA CN02805699A CN1494700A CN 1494700 A CN1494700 A CN 1494700A CN A02805699X A CNA02805699X A CN A02805699XA CN 02805699 A CN02805699 A CN 02805699A CN 1494700 A CN1494700 A CN 1494700A
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尼克拉斯·潘高德
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Abstract

含有一个芯片(12)和一个天线(14)的无接触便携物(10)是用来在芯片和与这个无接触便携物相应的阅读器之间进行电磁信号通讯的,这种无接触便携物中至少还有一个不同于芯片且功能也不同于芯片的***设备(16、18),这个***设备也是并联于天线的两端,其运行所需能量是来自阅读器的电磁信号、并由天线提供的。

Description

含有至少一个和芯片接于 同一天线上的***设备的无接触便携物
技术领域
本发明涉及的是无接触便携物,而特别涉及的是含有一个智能卡和至少一个与同一天线相连的***设备的无接触便携物。
背景技术
当今,便携物,例如无接触智能卡已在多个应用方面广泛使用。通常涉及的是ISO方式的卡,和阅读器耦合并通过阅读器被无线供给能量,就是说,它通过阅读器以电磁信号的方式获取能量,并和阅读器进行通信。在公共交通方面,这样的装置也是用ISO卡的方式实施的,或者用于更小的方式实施的,例如车票,用户将卡或车票在阅读器上使用以进行公共交通。卡与阅读器间建立的通讯用来识别用户以及从用户车票上减去旅行费用。
将这样的便携物进一步发展成为付款工具,这例如是电子钱包,用来在商业活动后进行小额支付,这是由一个智能卡构成的。这种卡在某一个特殊分配器记入贷方,用户可以进行购物并在阅读器上付款。卡与阅读器间的通信导致了和购物相应的金额的结算。
许多公司还将这种无接触智能卡发展成为其员工的标识装置。在阅读器上划卡能够识别卡的持有人是否能够进出一个受控制的区域。同样一个卡还可以用来为雇员“打上班钟卡”。
依靠越来越***的技术使得智能卡生成了新的需要,这些需要是现有的智能卡所不能解决的。需要的第一种便是在无接触便携卡上直接获得信息,事实上,用户希望获取智能卡中的信息而不必去将卡放入阅读器的磁场中在阅读器的屏幕上直接读取信息。人们在使用电子钱包时感到了这种限制,用户在向卡中放入钱时,或是在进行一次交易时,也就是说他的卡通过阅读器发出的电磁信息而存钱时,他才能知道其中的余额。
在市场上有一种装置可以消去这种缺陷,这是一个电子钱包盒,其上有一个屏幕,用来随时查看电子钱包中的余额。将电子钱包在盒内划过,卡的芯片和盒的芯片之间就建立了接触,由这个接触而进行的通信就使金额在盒的屏幕上显示出来。然而这种技术有多种缺陷:缺陷之一在于这个盒子需要一个内部电源来支持卡盒运行并使卡和卡盒间交换信息。这种电源通常为电池,因此在使用卡盒时要定期更换其中的电池。第二种缺陷在于这种卡盒只能接受和它相适应的外型的卡,因此不能用于各种不同的卡。
第二种需要是用户可以将同一个卡用于多个不同的应用。事实上,可以想像,一个卡可以和多个不同的阅读器通信。这样,就可将一个用于自动出纳机的***用做电子钱包。同样,可将一个无接触运输卡用来进行小额支付。于是一个卡就成了一个存取器,可以每天应用于多个不同方面的应用。
第三种需要就是在无接触卡上装上一个小键盘,用来在卡和一个终端交易时输入数据。这样的键盘是装在这个智能卡的卡体上的。
然而不幸的是满足上述需要的所需的各种运行都需要一个能源,以能在当卡处在阅读器发射的磁场中而和阅读器通信时运行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于消除上述缺陷,提供一种具有由与同一个天线连接的一个或个独立的***设备而植入的多种独立功能的便携物。
本发明在于一个无接触便携物,其中有一个芯片和一个天线,这个天线是用来在芯片和与这个无接触便携物相应的阅读器之间进行电磁信号的通信的。天线的端头是和芯片的端头连接的,且至少和一个除芯片以外的并和芯片功能不同的无接触外周装置相连接,还与一个天线的端头并联,其运行能量是阅读器用电磁信号发出并通过天线提供的。
附图说明
从后面参照附图的描述中会更好地弄清楚本发明的目的、目标和特征。附图是:
图1示出的是根据本发明原理的无接触便携物,其中除芯片外还有接于天线端头的一个温度传感器及一个显示装置。
图2示出的是仅含有一个芯片的无接触智能卡的电路图。
图3示出的是除芯片又增加一个***设备的无接触智能卡的电路图,而
图4则是图3所示的无接触便携物的等效电路图。
具体实施方式
图1示出的是一个ISO型无接触智能卡,智能卡10中有一个芯片12,这个芯片通过天线14和阅读器对话。当把智能卡放入由阅读器生成的磁场中时,在芯片12和阅读器之间便有电磁耦合,于是芯片和阅读器便通过各自的天线传输数据和能量。天线14是由周长递增的圆圈组成的。这个天线中的每一个端头都和智能卡12相连,智能卡10中还有两个***设备16和18。
在图1所示的实施例中,述及的***设备16和18分别是一个显示装置和一个温度传感器,二者与芯片12的两端头并联连接。需要指出的是置于智能卡中的***设备与在图1中所示的情况相比可以有相同的性质,也可以有不同的性质。根据别的实施方式,根据需要在智能卡中可以只有一个***设备,也可以有多于两个的***设备。
根据本发明的一个基本特征,置于智能卡10中的所有***设备都和芯片的端头并联连接,就是说和天线14的端头连接。这样,和芯片一样,每个***设备都可以通过阅读器的天线14和智能卡的天线之间的电磁耦合获取数据和运行能量。
图2示出一个传统的智能卡的电路图,其中没有***设备,在这个电路中首先有一个天线14和一个电容22,电容22是由一个电容器和芯片的寄生电容组合而成的。电容22构成调谐电容,用来和天线14结合,构成和阅读器传输的阅读器传输的电磁信号的频率共振的电路。根据现在的标准,共振发生的频率为13.56兆赫(MHz)。可以将一个电阻24通过电子开关26并接于芯片内,以能在智能卡和阅读器间生成一个反向调制(retromodulation)的副载波频率。根据和现在标准相对应的一个特别实施例,反向调制的副载波的频率为847千赫(kHz)。开关26的关闭和打开可以用反向调制频率传输数据,述及的调制最好是开关26的状态的改变位的相位改变调制,在已经列举的组件之外,电阻28示出芯片本身的电阻。由齐纳二极管30和电阻32及34的组合具有对天线14两端的电压的限制作用。
无论在智能卡中除芯片外再集成进去何种***设备,这个***设备依然还有一个芯片,但和卡中的芯片相反,这个芯片是用作处理器用于执行***设备的功能。因此,其电路图类似于图2所示的电路图,且其中含有和芯片电路中同样类型的元件。假设一个***设备(显示器、传感器、键盘或其它)都并联在天线及芯片上,其整体的电路图就是和图2所示的电路图同一种类型的电路的组合,见图3所示。
于是,并联在天线14的端头的第二个电路中含有一个电容42、一个电阻44。电容42至少表示的是***设备的寄生电容。电阻44通过开关46被并联,以在***设备和阅读器之间形成反向调制的副载波频率从而使***设备向阅读器发送数据。这样,电阻48是***设备的等效电阻,且由齐纳二极管50、电阻52和54所构成的整体的作用在于限制天线14端头的电压。
事实上,可以将图3所示的电路简化为图4所示的电路。如在智能卡中只含有一个天线的条件下,电容60等效于电容22和42,即等于二者之和,电容60为调谐电容,其值为天线14和调谐电容所构成的电路在阅读器传输的载波频率共振。需要指出的是***设备的调谐电容通常较芯片的调谐电容小,以总电容的75%是芯片的电容,总电容的25%为外装置的电容。同样,电阻62等效于电阻28和48的并联。对于由齐纳二极管64和电阻66及68构成的整体,实际上是二极管30及电阻32和34构成的整体或二极管50及电阻52和54构成的整体,其阈值增加较小。
在图4所示的电路中有两个开关元件。电阻24及开关26(当闭合时)是用来从芯片向阅读器以某个频率(例如847kHz)传输信息,而电阻44和开关46(当闭合时)是用来从***设备向阅读器传输信息的,其传输的频率和由芯片传输的频率不同。需要指出的是在智能卡上有多少个***设备,包括芯片,就有多少个由一个电阻和一个开关构成的开关元件。如前所说,用来从每个***设备传输信息的调制都是基于由相应的开关的状态改变而引起的每个位相位改变的调制。
一般说来,在智能卡上的所有***设备都可以和芯片用同一个阅读器或用不同的阅读器运行。如果用同一个阅读器,则阅读器中带有一个防冲突***,以使阅读器同时和卡上的各个***设备对话。在这种情况下,阅读器和芯片及各个***设备的对话就像是它们中的每一个是和不同的天线连接或是处在不同的卡上。
所述的单个或多个***设备还可以使用由芯片以指令的形式发射的数据。在这种实施方式中,对话是由天线利用***设备的反向调制电阻来实现的,芯片的作用就像是一个阅读器,通过对要发射的数据调制天线上的信号。在这种情况下,只有芯片可以和***设备对话,如果这个芯片能得到正确供电的话,这样就构成了一个保护元件。
和芯片直接对话的另一种情况是在***设备为对芯片进行交易的结果进行显示的显示器的情况下。于是如果智能卡是电子钱包,显示器就特别能显示出无接触智能卡中剩余的金额同时还能显示和智能卡运行相关的信息。
根据图1所示的实施方式,***设备16是一个显示器,而***设备18是一个温度传感器,这样的智能卡例如是用来监视跟踪速冻产品的冷却的。当将这样的卡置于阅读器的磁场中,阅读器就向温度传感器18询问,并将读取的值存储在它的存储器中。然后借助于阅读器和智能卡中的天线传输的信息信号将这个值在显示器16的屏幕上显示出来。如前所述,可将由传感器提供的温度值传给芯片12,芯片12将这个值经对从阅读器接收的信号调制将其传送给显示器16。在这种情况下,阅读器在前述的信息交换中仅起到向芯片12和装置16提供能量的作用。
根据一种理想的实施方式,显示器有驻留,这可以使用户在和阅读器交易后的任何时候都能获取信息。
根据一种特殊的实施方式,述及的***设备为一键盘,最好是数字键盘,这种功能在将无接触智能卡用于电子钱包时特别有用。事实上,这种装置可以用来输入用户希望这个电子钱包从一个分配器装载的金额。还可以用这种键盘获取存取码。这种***设备的运行只需无接触便携物在输入操作时是停放在阅读器的场中的。
最后,每个***设备很少对芯片的功能、便携物的其它***设备的功能、芯片和其它***设备以及它们的阅读器之间的交易有附加影响,因此,不管是芯片还是其它***设备的一种故障都很少有对无接触便携物的其它部分的功能的影响。因而用户在任何时候都可以利用卡中的芯片和其它***设备的功能。

Claims (9)

1.无接触便携物(10),其中有一个芯片(12)和一个用来在所述的芯片和与这个便携物相关的阅读器之间进行电磁信号通信的天线(14),所述的天线的端头和所述的芯片的端头相连,
所述的无接触便携物的特征在于其中至少还包括有一个不同于芯片的无接触***设备(16、18),且该***设备具有和芯片不同的功能,它并联于所述的天线的两端,其运行所需的能量来自于阅读器的电磁信号,并是由所述的天线提供的。
2.根据权利要求1的便携物(10),其中的***设备中有一个电容(42),和芯片(22)的电容组合构成调谐电容,以和天线(14)构成在电磁信号频率共振的电路。
3.根据权利要求1或2的便携物(10),其特征在于所述的无接触***设备是一个显示器(16)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的便携物(10),其特征在于所述的无接触***设备是一个键盘。
5.根据权利1至3中任一项所述的便携物(10),其特征在于所述的无接触***设备是一个温度传感器。
6.根据前述任一权利要求所述的便携物(10),其中的无接触***设备(16、18)可以通过天线(14)由反向调制向阅读器发送信息。
7.根据前述任一权利要求所述的便携物(10),其中的***设备(16、18)是通过对天线提供的信号的调制与芯片对话的。
8.根据权利要求6或7的便携物(10),其中的***设备(16、18)具有并联于天线(14)两端的一个电阻(44)和一个开关(46),当它们闭合时可以从***设备向阅读器或芯片(12)传输信息。
9.根据权利要求1至3的便携物(10),其特征在于它用做电子钱包。
CNB02805699XA 2001-12-28 2002-12-24 含有至少一个和芯片接于同一天线上的***设备的无接触便携物 Expired - Fee Related CN1273926C (zh)

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