CN1417816A - Independent flow-thru capacitor - Google Patents
Independent flow-thru capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1417816A CN1417816A CN 01134407 CN01134407A CN1417816A CN 1417816 A CN1417816 A CN 1417816A CN 01134407 CN01134407 CN 01134407 CN 01134407 A CN01134407 A CN 01134407A CN 1417816 A CN1417816 A CN 1417816A
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Abstract
The independent flow-thru capacitor (FTC) consists of two coaxial wound electrodes and two coaxial wound film layers to constitute one reel, and the center of the reel is one central hole for liquid feeding pipe to insert in to convey fluid to FTC. The active electrode material is nanometer hydrated ferric oxide particle or powder with Fe3O4 as main component. When fluid flows in, the fluid will pass through the channel of the film layers and to whole electrode length. When one DC voltage lower than 1 v is applied, charged matter will be adsorbed, contacted with electrodes and eliminated by the fluid. When water solution of NaCl or CuSO4 or sea water is made to pass through FTC, ion eliminating rate up to 19% may be reached. The FTC of the present invention may be used for reducing waste liquid, purity water and elimiante salt in low cost and simple operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about a kind of capacitive deionization method (capacitivedeionization that contains the liquid of charge species; CDI).Especially, the invention relates to a kind of replaceable flow-thru capacitor (flow-through capacitorFTC) that can remove charge species from inorganic and aqueous organopolysiloxane.
Background technology
Water is the wherein a kind of of human most precious resource.Say the importance of water can say so " giving us life " more appositely.Ground is nearly 3rd/4th in the sphere area, water, and wherein 98% is that seawater and other 2% is fresh water.Most fresh water is on the iceberg at the two poles of the earth, yet that can directly use but is less than 1%.Along with urbanization and industrialized population increase, water consumption and waste water generation also increase thereupon, and therefore many countries suffer from water shortage and environmental pollution problems.Estimate to have its people of about 32% that account for world population of 48 countries to face the problem that lacks fresh water 2025 Christian eras according to UN.Water is of crucial importance for quality of the life for economic prosperity.Contaminated water may bring disease, and government need spend the above funds of millions of units and clean contaminated place.Do not had fresh water, daily life and activity of human beings will be hindered.Though it is government's duty to the people that freshwater resources are provided, yet the also obligated reduce water consumption of tellurian people reclaims available resource and reduces pollution.
Desalinization is the method that produces the tool economic benefit of fresh water.But seawater free, endless obtaining in the whole year is not affected by the climate.Yet seawater also is the highest a kind of water of TDS (TDS) among all salt solution.In addition, no matter be the organic or inorganic waste liquid, contain usually because the charge species that the biological or chemical reaction of hydrolysis, decomposition, cohesion, solute is produced.The charge species total amount is represented with TDS in seawater and the liquid, and unit is ppm (per 1,000,000/).No matter be to desalt or waste water treatment, its main purpose is in order to reduce TDS or deionization, and the method for its purifying comprises sedimentation, absorption, filtration, ozonisation etc.Said method carries out at the upstream or the downstream part of deionization effect, anticipates or the purpose of reprocessing feed liquor liquid to reach.After being reduced to a certain degree, the TDS of feed liquid can be applied to family or water for industrial use.The method of deionization for example is general technologies such as ion-exchange, distillation, reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis.Comparatively speaking, CDI is a kind of technology quite new and rarely known by the people.When selecting the method for deionization, must consider material and running cost, flow of filtrate or productive rate; And the ability that desalts (salt rejection rate).
Being used for deionized ion exchange resin mostly is expensive synthetic resin, and it operates with the poisonous ion of harmless ion-exchange.During use, resin is saturated gradually, thereby needs regeneration.Regeneration of ion-exchange resin need be used strong acid or highly basic and a large amount of flushing waters.Therefore, ion-exchange expends very many water, and the chemicals of regeneration usefulness cause two degree to pollute.In order to obtain fresh water, the way of distillation must add hot salt brine or former water.After the distillation, the ion that stays forms mud.Distillation is a kind of method of consumes energy, and needs very big space, for example the 4th, 636 of Nasser the, and No. 283 a kind of height of U.S. Patent Publication surpass 100m (＞300ft) destilling tower.But, distillation is still desalinization in the world and is used the most a kind of method.With regard to commercial popularity rate, RO is a time welcome desalination method.RO uses film that fresh water is extracted from salt solution, and ion still is present in the former water.RO needs high pressure, and for example 800-1200psig passes through the atomic fine pore of film to force filtrate (pure water).High operating pressure and low flow of filtrate are the binomial shortcomings of RO.The high operating pressure of RO is represented the high running cost of needs, and low flow of filtrate then can cause low-yield.The electrodialysis method utilizes DC electric field and the transparent film of ion to carry out deionization.At least contain three parts in each electrodialysis unit, i.e. anode chamber, medial compartment and cathode chamber.Salt solution flows at medial compartment, and ion attracted to anode chamber or cathode chamber because of the selectivity penetration of film and electrostatic attraction.Just reduce the viewpoint of polluting, thin film techniques such as RO and electrodialysis are not caught or concentrated ion.Therefore, these technology only can can't be polluted in order to reduce as the usefulness of liquid purifying.On the contrary, CDI is a kind of technology that can carry out purifying simultaneously and reduce pollution, the rate of recovery height of its feed liquor liquid.
Remove with filter medium easily as solids, electric field can be kept charge species effectively here.Ion can react in real time and reversibly for electrostatic attraction, and this is a natural phenomena.In containing the liquid of charge species, be easy to generate this kind electrostatic attraction most in the mode by electric current between two parallel conductive plates.When charge species flows through between two charged electrodes, charge species will be adsorbed on rapidly on the electrode surface, and TDS is reduced.This kind method of desalting is called capacitive deionization (CDI), and the device that carries out CDI is known as a kind of flow-thru capacitor (FTC).The application of FTC was disclosed in J.ElectrochemSoc.:Electrochemical Technology by people such as J.Newman before 30 years, March 1971, P.510-517, and " utilizing the method that desalts of porous carbon electrodes ".This case content is incorporated this case at this in the reference mode.In addition, it is for referencial use to enumerate Three Represents CDI known technology at this, is respectively No. the 5th, 779,891, the United States Patent (USP) of Andelman, No. the 5th, 954,937, the United States Patent (USP) of No. the 5th, 858,199, the United States Patent (USP) of Hanank and Farmer.These three patent cases are also incorporated the present invention in the reference mode at this.' 891 patents use Graphite cloth as collector plate, and use activated carbon as ion adsorbing material, to form electrode by physical compression.Do not use the electrical bond chemical bonded refractory better between active material and the collector plate than physical compression.Gold compression contact is used in conjunction with electrode wires and lead, and lead is connected to the DC power supply again.Use precious metal, with regard to economic point of view, can't make FTC become consumer products.In addition, 891 ' patent is mixed carbon electrode with platinum or other transition metal, decomposes hydrocarbon chloride (CHCs) with electrolytic method.In order to obtain higher detoxification efficient, CHC is preferably with ozone treatment, but not electrolysis.In order to obtain the shortest reach the most direct flow path, the perforate on electrode of ' 891 patents, and the apopore of alignment liquid feed tube.So design, the adsorption surface area of sacrificial electrode not only, electrode also will have specific arrangement assembling, manufacture craft is complicated, and increase installation cost and reduce product profit.
For separating charged substance from liquid, ' 199 patents become earth rotation deflecting force (Coriolis force) in conjunction with the centrifugal force of electric field and compound.In equipment, install mechanical circulator additional, will cause high running cost, and the user operates difficult.Except the carbon material, ' 199 patents are mixed-metal oxides openly also, and for example tantalum oxide and ruthenium-oxide are as the active material of ionic adsorption.Yet above-mentioned oxide is very expensive, and is not suitable for the big quantity of fluid of processing.' 937 patents use expensive synthesis gas gel carbon as ion adsorbing material, and the usefulness that desalts is provided.This material with carbon element is by resorcinol and oxymethylene polymerization reaction formation macromolecule, then under the pressure high as 900psi, carries out the super critical point drying in liquid carbon dioxide, last colloid with 500-1200 ℃ of carbonization drying.According to No. the 4th, 997,804, Pekela United States Patent (USP), single batch of preparation gas glue carbon will take for two weeks, and this case content is incorporated the present invention at this in the reference mode.The manufacture craft time is long and use high processing pressure and high-temperature, and the material cost of FTC is uprised.In addition, ' 937 patents are used liner, bolt, nut, end plate and several to electrode to be combined into a multilayer FTC.So complicated FTC structure, leakage and lack industrial convenience easily.CDI is a kind of practical technique that reduces liquid TDS really.Yet, CDI needs more researchs to seek economical material and FTC device, so that can make in a large number easily, and allow the user operate this technology easily, become recovery waste liquid, reduction wastewater flow rate with essence economic benefit and the device of making fresh water from seawater.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, purpose of the present invention provides a kind of flow-thru capacitor, can be used for reclaiming in a large number waste liquid, to reduce wastewater flow rate.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of flow-thru capacitor, can desalinize seawater effectively.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of flow-thru capacitor, can reduce the cost of its manufacturing, and reduces the energy of its loss.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of flow-thru capacitor, can be convenient for carrying, and ease of Use.
The method of utilizing CDI to remove ion is to utilize the identical mechanism of energy storage a kind of and ultra-capacitor (ultra-capacitor can be stored thousands of farad (F) electric charges).CDI and ultra-capacitor are all based on double layer capacity (DLC), as the described double-decker of Helmholtz in 1879, as the usefulness of deionization or energy storage.According to the present invention, at first synthesizing nano-particle comprises molysite (ferrite), for example hydrated ferric oxide Fe
xO
yH
z, the main component of wherein 1.0≤x≤3.0,0.0＜y≤4.0 and 0.0≤z≤1.0, and particle is black magnetic iron ore (Fe
3O
4).Then, by the cylinder rubbing method, powder coated method or electrophoretic deposition are fixed on these particulates on the suitable collector plate, to form the FTC electrode of one, with the usefulness that liquid waste processing is provided and desalts.The cheap parent material of aqua oxidation iron powder utilization makes, and fabrication schedule is simply quick.Therefore ion adsorbing material of the present invention has economic benefit.
FTC provided by the present invention reels with one heart with two plate electrodes and gets, and also is separated by with several narrow adhesive tape between two plate electrodes.The center of electrode reel is reserved for the space of inserting a porous feed tube.Separate adhesive tape and can completely cut off two electrodes, make fluid be limited to the interior of FTC and flow, and make fluid in the capacitor the inside along the battery lead plate lateral flow of being reeled.Under the driving of peristaltic pump, liquid can flow freely in FTC, and before leaving capacitor, flows through whole electrode surfaces with level and outside progression.Therefore ion has the main chance that contacts and be adsorbed with the whole available surface area of electrode.FTC of the present invention not only makes the active material consumption of making electrode reach minimum, and the easy automation of the output of electrode and capacitor.Therefore, the present invention makes FTC become the purifying and the consumer products that desalt that the consumer affords.As the FTC of other design, capacitor of the present invention also can the holomorphosis by changing the electrical of electrode.And when regeneration can't recover the original deionization ability of capacitor, capacitor was replaceable and abandon or reclaim.Therefore all recyclable usefulness again of collector plate of the ion adsorbing material of the present invention and the FTC that more remodels be of value to environmental protection.
As absorption carbon material, ion exchange resin and RO film are all the packing of card box usually, and the FTC that more remodels also can be designed to card casket pattern.This FTC can be positioned in the container, and shell of tank is provided with the input and the delivery outlet of fluid, and the top cover of liner is arranged in the contact and that two can connect power supply.Aforementioned card casket and all annexes thereof can make with ejection formation.FTC is inserted in the card casket tube, then the liquid feed tube is inserted the center of FTC reel, utilize the electrical connector that inserts on (snap-on) connector connection electrode lead and the top cover, tightly have the top cover of screw thread then with hand-screw, make the sealing of card casket.The processing unit cost that recovers a tool CDI is less than time of one minute, and without any need for instrument.Operation CDI needs as the low DC electric energy of 0.5 volt and 100 milliamperes, and so low electric energy can be provided by battery, solar cell and fuel cell.Compare with the way of distillation, RO and electrodialysis method, the power consumption of CDI is much lower.Charge species is stayed on the electrode surface, is only needed very low dc voltage, however chemical reaction or cell reaction all should avoid because they are to the CDI energy efficiency and harmful effect is arranged electrode life.Because CDI with the electrode of electric energy substituted chemistry product regeneration FTC, does not therefore have secondary pollution.In addition, precious metal ion, for example Au
3+And Pd
2+Can concentrate and concentrate by the CDI technology, change into useful form with plating or chemical method again.
Because volume is little, in light weight and also can utilize battery-operated, CDI become a kind of can portable liquid purifying and the technology that desalts of desalinization.Except easily CDI being included in any existing liquid waste treatment system, the present invention also provides economical ion adsorbing material and easy-to-use FTC device.Target of the present invention is to help people to reduce waste liquid, and removes charge species and obtain fresh water from salt solution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the CDI card casket receptacle liquid inlet of flow type capacitor (FTC) and the cross section view of liquid outlet;
Fig. 2 is electrode and the concentric three-dimensional view that is wound into the reel capacitor of shim;
Fig. 3 is the vertical porous support of die casting and the pattern of horizontal adhesive tape, and wherein horizontal adhesive tape confined liquid flows in the FTC the inside;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of CDI card casket, shows liquid inlet and liquid outlet, electrical connector, and the combining structure of FTC;
Behind the card casket of Fig. 5 A explanation NaCl flow of solution through containing 1,2 and 3 flow-thru capacitor, every 50ml flows out the electrical conductivity of liquid; Fig. 5 B shows that first 50ml of the card casket that contains 1,2 and 3 flow-thru capacitor collects the clearance of liquid intermediate ion.Label declaration
102 liquid feed tubes, 104 liquid outlets
106 top covers, 108 container bodies
110,112 liners, 114 screw holes
201,202 electrode slices, 203 shims
302 horizontal adhesive tape 304 vertical support frames
411,413 electrical connectors, 415 FTC combining structures
Embodiment
Water resources crisis for many zones in the world now or the subject under discussion that is about to face.With regard to the pollution in water and other liquid, heavy metal and charge species are main pollutant sources.Because these pollutant sources are dissolvable in water in the liquid, be its unit therefore with TDS (TDS) calculating and with ppm.In many situations, when the TDS of liquid was reduced to certain ppm value, processed liquid just can use.Illustrate, each local seawater TDS is all 35 in fact, 000ppm, yet, when dropping to 500ppm, the TDS of seawater just can be used for irrigating.If the TDS of identical seawater is lower than 200ppm, then can be suitable for drinking, and do not have saline taste.The reduction of TDS be since desalt or deionization due to, reduce in the implementation method of TDS, most convenient is the static electric field by capacitor arrangement.The charge species of simple ion and complexity will be attracted by electrode under dc voltage immediately.As long as when dc voltage existed, charge species will rest on the electrode surface.Apparently, when adsorption surface area was big more, amount of ions that is adsorbed and the amount of ions of removing from feed liquor were also just many more.Yet in a single day voltage stop to apply, and most of pollutant of being kept here will disengage, and need only want rapidly the polarity of electrode to be put upside down for several times back and forth, can finish regeneration.In other words, CDI can utilize electric energy to carry out deionization and regeneration, is compared to the most widely used ion exchange technology, and the needed chemical substance of its regenerating ion exchange resin can cause secondary pollution, and CDI is a kind of technology of comparatively environmental protection.
The present invention uses verified electrode active material with active ultra-capacitor, prepares the ionic adsorption electrode of CDI.In order to obtain the maximum area of electrode, utilize sol-gel (sol-gel) technology or electrolysis tech to prepare the nanometer powder of molysite (ferrite), for example black magnetic iron ore (Fe
3O
4) and compound.According to capacitance measurement and other test, qualified powder is changed into the electrode that constitutes flow-thru capacitor (FTC) reel.Together with feed tube, FTC is put into an airtight container to form the CDI processing unit.The cross section view of liquid input and output in Fig. 1 display card casket tube wherein for the purpose of simplifying the description, omits and illustrates FTC.This structure is similar with the card casket tube that filters carbon material, ion exchange resin and RO film.Liquid feed tube 102 and container body 108 can pass through injection forming method, and with engineering plastics, for example acrylic resin, Merlon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) or fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) make.Liquid before process liquid outlet 104 leaves container, will flow through whole electrode surfaces of FTC after the spray orifice ejaculation of feed tube 102.Liquid is directed with level and outside mode, but flows through each cun surface of its electrodes in contact, therefore can increase the time of contact between charge species and the FTC electrode.The longest path of FTC because feed liquor is flowed through, so charge species can be processed most effectively.Utilize compression gaskets 110 and 112 to make container cap 106 be closely attached to container body 108, prevent liquid leakage.Container cap 106 can be used with liquid feed tube 102 and container body 108 identical materials molded and get, and liner 110 and 112 then is to be made by chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber or silicone rubber.Around the top cover 106 and on container body 108 edges, boring 114 is set, to hold standing bolt and nut.In another specific embodiment, top cover 106 can form with container body 108 can eat the screw thread that closes mutually, so that fasten with hand.The formation of FTC assembling and the generation of liquid channel, explanation respectively in following each joint.
Fig. 2 shows according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a kind of FTC combining structure, wherein two electrode slices 201 and 202 with two identical shims 203 concentric reels that are wound into of merging that overlap mutually, in the reel center one through hole is arranged.Is the innermost layer of coiling at the FTC shown in Fig. 2 with electrode 201, to constitute the inwall of hollow reel.Yet, when the application of reality,, can be the innermost layer of coiling also, to constitute the inwall of hollow reel with shim 203 not as limit.The manufacturing of FTC combining structure can be by generally being used for the winding machinery equipment of capacitor and battery industry, and reach automation easily.The electrode slice of required width and related accessory can be imported in the winding apparatus continuously, are wound into the reel of predetermined diameter.Reel forms free-standing FTC combining structure after fixing through cutting and with adhesive tape.In fact, the FTC combining structure is a kind of sub-prime of ultra-capacitor, just lacks electrolyte and shell.In case electrode is through cutting, collector plate will expose and produce burr, and this may cause short circuit and other injury to the FTC assembling.Therefore, need remedy procedure after the cutting, for example unhairing limit and passivation insulation.The external diameter of the diameter of the center through hole of FTC combining structure and feed tube 102 coincide, and 102 external diameter (OD) and internal diameter (ID) all can design with the need.In addition, as shown in Figure 2, diameter 1/16 " aperture be uniformly distributed on the both sides of feed tube 102, the spacing between the Kong Yukong is approximately 1/2 ".According to the disposal ability of desired FTC assembling, the size of feed tube 102 (with regard to OD, ID) and the diameter of feed liquor hole and quantity all can adjust thereupon.CDI container body 108 and feed tube 102 must electric insulations with FTC.There is not electrical communication between capacitor and the container 108.Electrode 201 and 202 is by various deposition processs, with active material, as magnetic iron ore (Fe
3O
4) or its composite coated in metal forming, for example form on aluminium foil, Copper Foil, titanium foil, stainless steel foil or the nickel foil.Wherein the electrical conductivity of active material is not less than 10
-2Siemen/cm, and magnetic density is not less than 10Gauss.The making of FTC electrode also can see through any in order to form the deposition process of electrode, for example roll coating process, dip coating, spin-coating method, powder coated method or electrophoretic deposition easily.If the use painting method, for example roll coating process then mixes above-mentioned powder and adhesive to form applying slurries in appropriate solvent, and wherein adhesive comprises for example poly-difluoroethylene (PVDF) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).When using identical electrode to make the FTC combining structure, the polarity of electrode is by the decision that is connected between electrode and the external power.Electrode 201 or 202 can become anode by the positive pole that is connected to power supply, and another electrode 202 or 201 then becomes negative electrode.Any connection does not all influence the deionization effect of FTC combining structure.As be familiar with known to this operator, the substrate paper tinsel that is loaded with ion adsorbing material is conduction electron also, therefore is called collector plate.Collector plate can not improve the electrical conductivity of ion adsorbing material, but can influence power consumption and the life-span of FTC.Though Fig. 2 do not show, electrode cable can be with the auricle (tab) of substrate paper tinsel, or with other sheet metal with spot welding or mechanical pressing and fixing on collector plate.Collector plate or electric lead all can not directly contact with feed liquor, otherwise chemical reaction may take place, and thereby influence the efficient of CDI.
Fig. 3 illustrates according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, forms the liquid channel in FTC combining structure the inside.Please be simultaneously with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, molded shim 203 comprises horizontal adhesive tape 302 and vertical support frame 304.Adhesive tape 302 flows so that fluid is limited to the interior of FTC in order to isolated two electrodes 201,202, and in order to the liquid stream of guiding FTC the inside, make fluid in the capacitor the inside along the battery lead plate lateral flow of being reeled.And support 304 is in order to support level adhesive tape 302.Thereby the thickness of horizontal adhesive tape 302 is thicker than support 304, so that fluid can flow between horizontal adhesive tape 302.For example the thickness of adhesive tape 302 is 1mm, and support 304 is that 0.1mm is thick.Horizontal adhesive tape 302 is the rectangle band shape, and high about 0.5mm is to 1mm, and wide about 1mm.Adhesive tape is positioned at the last lower limb of electrode up and down, the middle about at interval 30mm of adhesive tape.Top adhesive tape and bottom adhesive tape all slightly exceed the edge of electrode, for example 0.2mm.The width of vertical support frame 304 as long as can support adhesive tape 302, and covers minimum electrode surface and gets final product without limits.The spacing of vertical support frame 304 is 30mm at least, the about 2mm of width and the about 0.1mm of thickness.Utilize shim 203 tightly to place between electrode 201 and 202, as shown in Figure 2, the top adhesive tape of shim is all parallel with electrode edge with the bottom adhesive tape, in order to confined liquid in FTC combining structure the inside.Yet middle adhesive tape forms the horizontal channel of many (0.5-1) mm * 30mm, and in fact flowing of liquid be not restricted.In case liquid flows out (as shown in Figure 1) from feed tube 102, then liquid is limited in being in the above-mentioned channel level and outwards flows.Along these channels, flow of liquid is crossed all surfaces that can contact of electrode.Because support 304 takies sizable electrode surface area, therefore on support, form of the loss of several holes with the compensating electrode area.Though less shim gap can produce bigger electric capacity, the restriction of liquid flow is then become greatly, the balance of electric capacity and resistance is depended in suitable gap.Height in order to the adhesive tape of isolating can be more preferred from 0.5mm to 1mm from 0.3mm to 1mm.Of the present invention another make to be separated adhesive tape and without the preferred embodiment of vertical support frame, used the wire mark that produces 1mm * 1mm adhesive tape, and wherein adhesive tape can be made with for example elasticity macromolecules such as silicone, rubber or polyamine base Ethyl formate, and level is across on the electrode.Separate the integrated of adhesive tape and electrode, can simplify the manufacturing process of FTC combining structure.In the present invention, have three: 1 through the effect of the shim of molded or wire mark) the electrode electric insulation is provided, to avoid short circuit, 2) confined liquid is in FTC combining structure the inside, 3) the definition fluid is at the flow path of FTC combining structure the inside.Except elasticity, the macromolecular material that constitutes the shim of FTC combining structure should be able to be resisted all contaminations that may be present in the feed liquor, for example acid, alkali, salt, organic substance and microbe.
FTC is the core of water purification and the CDI technology that desalts.If CDI becomes the same common technique such as filtration, ion-exchange and reverse osmosis that is used to liquid waste processing as usual, then the use of FTC should be very convenient.Generally speaking, the use of the replaceable assembly of any liquid waste disposal technique should be easy just like that as changing bulb or battery.Aforementioned FTC combining structure of the present invention can meet this demand.Though the FTC combining structure can be carried out liquid waste processing separately, preferably use together with container shown in Figure 4.Fig. 4 is the vertical view of the container of Fig. 1, therefore indicates same assembly with same icon.As shown in Figure 4, removable FTC combining structure 415 is put into container body 108, utilizes six nuts 417 and container cap 106 sealings.Another encapsulating method, the male and female screw thread that will coincide are arranged on top cover 106 and the container 108, and be tight with hand-screw then.Two electrical connectors 411 and 413 are arranged to connect power supply, for example dry cell, fuel cell or solar cell on container cap 106 tops.Finish the (not shown) that is electrically connected between the electrode of FTC and joint 411 and 413 with plug-in type (snap-on) connector.Waste liquid is to enter container 108 through feed tube 102, and before liquid leaves container through liquid outlet 104, makes the horizontal advection of liquid through FTC combining structure 415.Directly be communicated with between feed tube 102 and the liquid outlet 104.FTC combining structure 415 may regularly replace, but other assembly then uses indefinite duration.Because ultra-capacitor can be with inorganic or aqueous organopolysiloxane as electrolyte, so no matter whether waste liquid is inorganic or aqueous organopolysiloxane, as long as ion is present in the liquid, the FTC combining structure all can be removed charge species from all waste liquids.The present invention can make FTC combining structure 415 sizes (with diameter and altimeter) that need according to required CDI output.A preferred embodiment of the present invention is used black magnetic iron ore powder or its compound, forms the FTC combining structure 415 of the about 60mm Φ * 150mm of size, reduces the commercialization FTC product of TDS with development utilization CDI.One of characteristic of the present invention is to make the feed liquor the longest path of FTC combining structure of flowing through, and makes all effective areas of FTC electrode therefore can reach the maximum productivity of deionization in order to the absorption charge species.Below list the array experimental data for your guidance, yet those data are only in order to explanation, and unrestricted the present invention.The present invention can provide a kind of economy and easy-to-use CDI technology as water purification and the usefulness that desalts.
Embodiment 1
Utilize roll coating process, homemade hydrated ferric oxide homogeneous slurry is coated on the aluminium foil that is approximately 150mm * 490mm * 0.1mm, form FTC.Slurries are based on following prescription:
1g Fe
3O
4And 0.03g PVDF (poly-difluoroethylene) and 1.5ml NMP (N-methyl-2-
With IR rayed or other heater, after solvent NMP evaporation, electrode and shim are rolled into FTC reel as shown in Figure 2.As electrical wire, and be connected to a DC power supply with the auricle of the substrate paper tinsel of anode and negative electrode.Liquid feed tube 102 is inserted reel central authorities, FTC is put into plastic containers main body 108 again, wherein container body 108 internal diameters are 60mm and highly be 150mm.Then, utilize bolt and nut that top cover 106 is fixed on container 108, airtight container 108 whereby, simultaneously two auricle leads extended to outside the container 108, are connected with the DC power supply then.FTC and its container are referred to as a card casket.Single card casket, or a plurality of card casket can be connected and is used for the deionization of various liquid.
Liquid: the NaCl aqueous solution, electrical conductivity are 1040 μ S/cm
Voltage: 1.0DC volt
Flow rate of liquid: 50ml/min
Card casket number: 1,2 and 3
After every 50ml flows out liquid collection once, with electrical conductivity instrumentation amount.Measure and use 1,2 and 3 are blocked the electrical conductivity that first collected 50ml of casket flows out liquid, each get 842S/cm, 676 μ S/cm and 385 μ S/cm, and representing the deionization rate of each group FTC combination is 19%, 35% and 63%.Fig. 5 B shows only the flow through deionization rate of different cards casket number of fluid.Yet Fig. 5 A shows the electrical conductivity of collected latter half of outflow liquid increase rapidly, the electrode surface of expression FTC is capped very soon.Yet all flow out the concentration that liquid all never arrives feed liquor.When CDI for can be used in the liquid handling, when removing the unique method of charge species, then the size of FTC and number can custom-mades, to meet demand.Liquid also can ingeniously be planned, to reach desired purpose in the moving mode of CDI system circulation.
The FTC of the embodiment 1 that the use deionized water rinsing was used shows low electrical conductivity (reading the μ S value of numeral demonstration) up to flowing out liquid.FTC with regeneration carries out following test.
Liquid: CuSO
4The aqueous solution, electrical conductivity are 1420 μ S/cm
Voltage: 1.0DC volt
Flow rate of liquid: 50ml/min
Card casket number: the electrical conductivity that the 50ml of 2 first collections flows out liquid is measured as 724 μ S/cm, expression when fluid under very low voltage, have 49% ion be removed once the FTC that flows through.
Embodiment 3
Use the renovation process of similar embodiment 2 to prepare the FTC that desalinization is used.Obtain Pacific seawater from somewhere, West Coast, Taiwan.In order to meet the measuring range of the used electrical conductivity meter of the present invention, utilize deionized water, with 50 times of sample dilutions.The TDS of used sample (TDS) is estimated as 20,000ppm.Do not pass through any pre-treatment, promptly dilute the desalination test of seawater with following condition.
Liquid: diluted seawater, electrical conductivity are 793 μ S/cm
Voltage: 1.0DC volt
Flow rate of liquid: 50ml/min
Card casket number: 2
The electrical conductivity that the 50ml of first collection flows out liquid is measured as 619 μ S/cm, adds up to 21% ion and is removed.This example is all 2 with the card casket number of embodiment 1, but the deionization ability of present embodiment is relatively poor.This may be because the composition of seawater is more complicated than NaCl solution.
Embodiment 4
In the parent material of iron oxide, put into the Fe of one batch of synthetic energy output
3O
4The activated carbon of 20% weight, carry out Fe with sol-gel process
3O
4Synthesizing of/C composite powder.As the mode of embodiment 1, the slurries of configuration composite powder are to make FTC and processing unit thereof with the purifying water sample.
Liquid: the NaCl aqueous solution, electrical conductivity are 1082 μ S/cm
Voltage: 1.0DC volt
Flow rate of liquid: 50ml/min
Card casket number: 1
The electrical conductivity that the 50ml of first collection flows out liquid is measured as 779 μ S/cm, when fluid is only flowed through single capacitor card casket, promptly removes 28% ion.Because the surface area ratio Fe of activated carbon
3O
4Greatly, so utilize the deionization rate Billy of the FTC gained of compound to use pure metal oxides gained person higher.This observed result conforms to the energy theory of storage of ultra-capacitor.
From the above embodiments as can be known, the present invention is the feasible instrument of liquid purifying and desalinization.Because material is cheap and manufacturing easily, uses CDI of the present invention to add and pollutes control and the most frequently used technology ranks of environmental protection.
Though the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; right its is not in order to limiting the present invention, anyly is familiar with this operator, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when can being used for a variety of modifications and variations, so protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion when looking claims.
Claims (38)
1. independent flow-thru capacitor is characterized in that: comprising:
One first electrode comprises one first active material and one first conductive foil, and wherein this first active material and this first conductive foil are combined into the continuous lengthy motion picture of one first reelability;
One second electrode, this second electrode comprise one second active material and one second conductive foil, and wherein this second active material and this second conductive foil are combined into the continuous lengthy motion picture of one second reelability;
One first shim;
One second shim; Wherein this first electrode, this first shim, this second electrode and this second shim are superimposed in regular turn, and be rolled into a hollow reel with one heart, and this first shim and this second shim in this hollow reel this first and this second electrode between have a gap.
2. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this separates first shim and this second shim, is made of at least two long adhesive tape respectively.
3. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: this first shim and this second shim, also comprise at least one bracing frame respectively, and this bracing frame is configured between those long adhesive tape, in order to support those long adhesive tape.
4. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the thickness of those long adhesive tape is greater than the thickness of this bracing frame.
5. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: this bracing frame has several perforates.
6. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are for having Fe
xO
yH
zThe chemical composition of chemical formula, and 1.0≤x≤3.0,0.0＜y≤4.0,0.0≤z≤1.0.
7. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are Fe
3O
4
8. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are one to contain Fe
3O
4Complex chemical compound.
9. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: wherein this contains Fe
3O
4Other component of complex chemical compound be selected from the group that forms by activated carbon, graphite, tin oxide, zinc oxide and titanium oxide.
10. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are not less than 10 by electrical conductivity
-2The material of Siemen/cm constitutes.
11. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: wherein this first active material and this second active material are made of the material that magnetic density is not less than 10Gauss.
12. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this first conductive foil and this second conductive foil are selected from by aluminium, copper, nickel, stainless steel and titanium to be formed.
13. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this first, second electrode by roll coating process, dip coating, spin-coating method, powder coated method or electrophoretic deposition with this first, second active material be coated on respectively this first, obtain on this second conductive foil.
14. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this first, second electrode is adsorbed in ionic species on its surface, and utilizes and to apply a voltage to this first, second electrode, to carry out the deionization effect of liquid.
15. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this first, second electrode utilizes the electrostatic attraction adion.
16. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: connect this first electrode in the positive pole of a power supply and connect this second electrode, make this first electrode become anode and this second electrode is a negative electrode in the negative pole of this power supply.
17. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: connect this second electrode in the positive pole of a power supply and connect this first electrode, make this second electrode become anode and this first electrode is a negative electrode in the negative pole of this power supply.
18. an independent flow-thru capacitor is characterized in that: comprising:
One container body, it comprises an opening and a liquid outlet;
One capacitor main body is configured among this container body, and it comprises:
One first electrode comprises one first active material and one first conductive foil, and wherein this first active material and this first conductive foil are combined into the continuous lengthy motion picture of one first reelability;
One second electrode, this second electrode comprise one second active material and one second conductive foil, and wherein this second active material and this second conductive foil are combined into the continuous lengthy motion picture of one second reelability;
One first shim;
One second shim, wherein this first electrode, this first shim, this second electrode and this second shim are superimposed in regular turn, and be rolled into a hollow reel with one heart, and this first shim and this second shim in this hollow reel this first and this second electrode between have a gap;
One container cap is disposed on the opening of this container body;
One feed tube passes this container cap, and is disposed among the central opening of this hollow reel.
19. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this separates first shim and this second shim, is made of at least two long adhesive tape respectively.
20. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this first shim and this second shim, also comprise at least one bracing frame respectively, this bracing frame is disposed between those long adhesive tape, in order to support those long adhesive tape.
21. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that: the thickness of those long adhesive tape is greater than the thickness of this bracing frame.
22. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that: this bracing frame has several perforates.
23. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are for having Fe
xO
yH
zThe chemical composition of chemical formula, and 1.0≤x≤3.0,0.0＜y≤4.0,0.0≤z≤1.0.
24. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are Fe
3O
4
25. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are one to contain Fe
3O
4Complex chemical compound.
26. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that: wherein and this contains Fe
3O
4Other component of complex chemical compound be selected from the group that forms by activated carbon, graphite, tin oxide, zinc oxide and titanium oxide.
27. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are not less than 10 by electrical conductivity
-2The material of Siemen/cm constitutes.
28. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this first active material and this second active material are made of the material that magnetic density is not less than 10Gauss.
29. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this first conductive foil and this second conductive foil are selected from by aluminium, copper, nickel, stainless steel and titanium to be formed.
30. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that: this first, second electrode is by roll coating process, dip coating, spin-coating method, powder coated method or electrophoretic deposition, with this first, second active material be coated on respectively this first, on this second conductive foil and obtain.
31. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this first, second electrode is adsorbed in ionic species on its surface, and utilizes and to apply a voltage to this first, second electrode, to carry out the deionization effect of liquid.
32. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this first, second electrode utilizes the electrostatic attraction adion.
33. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: wherein connect this first electrode in the positive pole of a power supply and connect this second electrode, make this first electrode become anode and this second electrode is a negative electrode in the negative pole of this power supply.
34. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: connect this second electrode in the positive pole of a power supply and connect this first electrode, make this second electrode become anode and this first electrode is a negative electrode in the negative pole of this power supply.
35. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this top cover and this container body have the screw thread that can agree with mutually.
36. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: this top cover and this container body are with bolt and fixed by nut.
37. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: the material of this feed tube and this container body is to be selected from the group that acrylic resin, Merlon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) or fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) are formed.
38. flow-thru capacitor as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: also comprise a liner that is disposed between this top cover and this container body, in order to prevent liquid leakage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01134407 CN1417816A (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Independent flow-thru capacitor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01134407 CN1417816A (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Independent flow-thru capacitor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1417816A true CN1417816A (en) | 2003-05-14 |
Family
ID=4672471
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01134407 Pending CN1417816A (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Independent flow-thru capacitor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1417816A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101624229B (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2011-06-08 | 冠亚智财股份有限公司 | Capacitor deionizing instrument of mixed type electrodes |
| CN103109336A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-05-15 | 韩国能量技术研究院 | Fluidized-bed electrode system, and high-capacity power storage and water treatment method using same |
| CN105110431A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-02 | 侯梦斌 | Filtering plant and technique by using flow-through capacitor deionization |
| CN109081404A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-25 | 郭洪飞 | A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument |
| CN111039366A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-21 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Capacitive deionization device |
| CN111442772A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2020-07-24 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Inertial sensor, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
-
2001
- 2001-10-31 CN CN 01134407 patent/CN1417816A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101624229B (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2011-06-08 | 冠亚智财股份有限公司 | Capacitor deionizing instrument of mixed type electrodes |
| CN103109336A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-05-15 | 韩国能量技术研究院 | Fluidized-bed electrode system, and high-capacity power storage and water treatment method using same |
| CN103109336B (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2015-12-16 | 韩国能量技术研究院 | The method for treating water of Continuous Flow electrode system and high power capacity power storage and these systems of use |
| CN105110431A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-02 | 侯梦斌 | Filtering plant and technique by using flow-through capacitor deionization |
| CN105110431B (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-07-07 | 侯梦斌 | It is a kind of to utilize the filter plant and technique for flowing through formula capacitive deionization method |
| CN109081404A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-25 | 郭洪飞 | A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument |
| CN111039366A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-21 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Capacitive deionization device |
| CN111442772A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2020-07-24 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Inertial sensor, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
| CN111442772B (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2023-03-31 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Inertial sensor, electronic apparatus, and moving object |
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