CN1410746A - 运输制冷***内通过电流传感的振动检测 - Google Patents

运输制冷***内通过电流传感的振动检测 Download PDF

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CN1410746A
CN1410746A CN02143770.XA CN02143770A CN1410746A CN 1410746 A CN1410746 A CN 1410746A CN 02143770 A CN02143770 A CN 02143770A CN 1410746 A CN1410746 A CN 1410746A
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refrigeration system
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CN1332162C (zh
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D·W·苏利范
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3225—Cooling devices using compression characterised by safety arrangements, e.g. compressor anti-seizure means or by signalling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current
    • F25B2700/151—Power, e.g. by voltage or current of the compressor motor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

一设置于电源线上的电流传感器监测与一装置相关的电流引入，该装置基于电动马达来驱动轴，例如一螺杆式压缩机。螺杆式压缩机内的机械振动施加压力于该螺杆式压缩机的电动马达轴上，从而直接影响了其电流引入。通过监测电流引入，由压缩机内的问题引起的振动例如一断裂的固定架可被检测到。一控制器接收该电流值，并且如果一电流值超过门限电流值或者多个电流值超过门限值，该控制器发出指示。

Description

运输制冷***内通过电流传感的振动检测
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种使用电流传感器的运输制冷***，该电流传感器用于检测不可接受的高程度的机械振动，该振动与一基于电动马达来驱动轴的装置相关，该装置例如螺杆式压缩机。
背景技术
电流传感器设置于通向运输制冷产品内的一***部件的电源线上，该电流传感器用来监测该部件内的电流。在现有技术的运输制冷产品中，电流传感器监测电流，以确定***运行状态并执行自诊断测试以确定***元件是否正在正常工作。如果一元件工作不正常或被关掉，这时***电流要小于该元件正常工作或开启时的***电流。当电流传感器检测到此情况，电流数值显示在一显示器/键盘区的界面上，以将***运行状态指示给***用户。
压缩机内的振动表示压缩机或整个制冷***出现问题。当前，还没有识别过度程度振动的简单及有效的方法。举例来说，压缩机内部的问题例如一断裂的固定架可导致机械振动增加到很高的程度。如果出现这种程度，将发送一报警信号。
如上所提到的问题是特别需要在运输制冷***中及早检测的。运输制冷***典型地用于运输冷藏货物的车辆，冷藏货物例如运输冷冻食品和易腐货物。如果这个***有一损坏的压缩机，则全部货物有可能坏掉。
发明内容
申请者已认识到基于电动马达来驱动轴的装置内的高振动将会导致可检测到的电流峰值。本发明涉及一种使用电流传感器的运输制冷***，该传感器用来检测一基于电动马达来驱动轴的装置的不可接受的高程度的机械振动，并且本发明尤其涉及一种作为运输制冷***的部件使用的压缩机。
一电源向运输制冷***的压缩机供电。一设置至少一个电源引线上的电流传感器监测与压缩机相关的电流引入。压缩机的振动在该压缩机的电动马达轴上施加力，从而直接影响了电流引入。当压缩机中的振动增大，与压缩机相关的电流引入也增加。通过监测与压缩机相关的电流引入，由压缩机内的问题产生的不可接受的高程度的机械振动可被检测到，该问题比如断裂的固定架。
由电流传感器监测到的电流值被一控制器接收。如果电流传感器检测到的电流值超过了门限电流值，该控制器就可指示出压缩机正在承受过度的振动。或者，当电流传感器检测到在一时帧内多个电流峰值超过门限电流值，该控制器也可发出指示。随后会产生一报警信号或校正动作。
因此，本发明提供了一种使用电流传感器的运输制冷***，其电流传感器用于检测与压缩机有关的不可接受的高程度的机械振动。优选的是，该***用于一使用在运输制冷***内的螺杆式压缩机。
本发明的这些和其它特征将通过下面的详细描述及附图将被最好地理解。
附图说明
通过下面的当前优选实施例的详细描述，对于本技术领域内的普通技术人员，本发明的各种特征及优点是明显的。结合详细描述的附图简要地描述如下：
图1示出一制冷剂循环的示意图；
图2示出一在运输制冷***内使用的螺杆式压缩机的示意图，该压缩机包括一电流传感器，以检测与该螺杆式压缩机相关的电流引入；
图3为电流值超过一预定电流值的图；和
图4为在预定时帧内预定数量的电流峰值超过预定电流值的图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了一制冷循环20。制冷循环20包括一压缩机22、一散热的热交换器(冷凝器)24、一膨胀装置26、和一吸热的热交换器(蒸发器)28。
制冷剂通过封闭的制冷循环回路流动。制冷剂以高压及高焓状态离开压缩机22。当制冷剂在高压下流动通过冷凝器24时，其失去热量及焓，以低焓及高压状态离开冷凝器24。当制冷剂经过膨胀装置26时，制冷剂的压力下降。在膨胀之后，制冷剂经过蒸发器28并以高焓及低压状态离开。在制冷剂经过压缩机22后，其又处在高压及高焓下，从而完成了制冷循环20。如示意图所示，制冷循环20作为运输制冷***的一部分被优选地包括，例如通常用于冷却一运输的冷藏货柜29。众所周知，这种***通常结合入由卡车、船只、铁路、或其它方式来运送的货柜中，以运输容易腐烂的及冷冻的货物，如冷冻食品。
如图2示意性地所示，压缩机22被一固定架30固定在运输货柜29上。虽然这里描述的是压缩机22，但可理解的是任何基于电动马达来驱动轴的装置都可被使用。压缩机22优选为由一电源36所驱动的螺杆式压缩机。三根电源引线38A、38B和38C向螺杆式压缩机22提供来自电源36的“三相电”。虽然这里示例并描述的是三相电源，但可理解的是该发明可扩展为单相电源。
一电流传感器40监测电源引线38A中的电流。然而，可理解的是电源引线38A、38B和38C中的两根或所有都可由电流传感器40监测。优选的是，电流传感器40包括一电阻器44和一内部线圈42。然而，其它类型的电流传感器40也可使用。
螺杆式压缩机22相关的电流引入与压缩机22内的机械振动之间存在直接的关系。压缩机22的外部或内部的问题会在压缩机22的电动马达轴48上施加振动，以增加压缩机22相关的电流引入。例如，一断裂的固定架30可导致压缩机22的轴48产生振动，以增加压缩机22的电流。通过用一电流传感器40监测该电流引入，诸如一断裂的固定架30等问题可被检测到。
由电流传感器40监测到的电流值被控制器46接收。如图3所示，如果电流传感器40检测到的电流值高于门限电流值X安培，控制器46将此指示给用户，例如通过信号50来指示。如图所示，控制器46在点1、2和3处指示过度振动。该门限电流值X取决于***的要求。可替代的是，如图4所示，如果电流传感器40检测到在时帧Y秒内多个电流值高于门限电流值X安培，控制器46将此指示给用户。在所示的实施例中，在Y秒内6个读数高于X安培作为过度振动的指示。该预定的电流值的量及强度取决于***的要求。
包括一用于检测振动的电流传感器40的本发明的运输制冷***可用于任何运输制冷***，包括船只、火车、拖车和卡车。即使这里描述的是电流传感器40检测压缩机22内的电流并从而检测压缩机内的振动，但可以理解的是，电流传感器40也可检测该运输制冷***内其它部件的振动。电流传感器40可用于任何基于电动马达来驱动轴的装置。此外，虽然这里识别振动的是电流，但可以理解的是，压缩机运行中的其它特性也可表示振动，并且也会被检测到并被利用，以识别依照本发明的精神所述的过度振动。
前面的描述仅为本发明的示范性的原理。基于上述精神，本发明的许多修改及变化是可能的。本发明的优选实施例已被公开，然而，在本技术领域内的普通技术人员可认识到在本发明的范围内可进行某些修改。由此，可理解的是，在所附的权利要求的范围内，本发明的实行可与特定描述有所不同。因此，以下的权利要求应被研究以确定本发明的真实范围及内容。

Claims (19)

1.一种制冷***，其包括：
用于使制冷剂循环的压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器和膨胀装置；和
至少一个传感器，其用于检测至少一个代表所述制冷***的一部件中的振动程度的***数值。
2.如权利要求1所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述压缩机为螺杆式压缩机。
3.如权利要求1所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述部件为所述压缩机。
4.如权利要求3所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述***数值是输送给所述压缩机的马达的电流值。
5.如权利要求4所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述压缩机通过一固定架安装到一柜式单元上，当所述固定架断裂时，至少一个所述电流传感器检测至少一个所述电流值与所述振动程度的增加。
6.如权利要求1所述的制冷***，其特征在于，其还包括一控制器，该控制器接收至少一个所述***数值，并且所述***数值是电流值。
7.如权利要求6所述的制冷***，其特征在于，当至少一个所述电流值超过一门限电流值时，所述的控制器发出指示。
8.如权利要求6所述的制冷***，其特征在于，在一时帧内，当至少一个所述电流值中的多个值超过一门限电流值时，所述控制器发出指示。
9.如权利要求1所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述制冷***结合入一运输制冷单元内。
10.如权利要求1所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述部件为一基于电动马达来驱动轴的装置。
11.一种运输制冷***，其包括：
将制冷剂压缩到高压的压缩机，所述压缩机被供应电流以驱动所述压缩机的马达；
用于冷却所述制冷剂的散热的热交换器；
用于使所述制冷剂降到低压的膨胀装置；
用于蒸发所述制冷剂的吸热的热交换器；
由所述吸热的热交换器冷却的冷柜；和
至少一个电流传感器，其检测至少一个被输送到所述压缩机马达的代表振动程度的电流。
12.如权利要求11所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述压缩机为一螺杆式压缩机。
13.如权利要求11所述的制冷***，其特征在于，至少一个所述电流值为与所述压缩机相关的电流引入。
14.如权利要求11所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述压缩机通过一固定架安装到一柜式单元上，当所述固定架断裂时，至少一个所述电流传感器检测至少一个所述电流值与所述振动程度的增加。
15.如权利要求11所述的制冷***，其特征在于，其还包括一接收所述电流值的控制器。
16.如权利要求15所述的制冷***，其特征在于，当至少一个所述电流值超过一门限电流值时，所述控制器发出指示。
17.如权利要求15所述的制冷***，其特征在于，在一时帧内，当至少一个所述电流值中的多个值超过一门限电流值时，所述控制器发出指示。
18.如权利要求11所述的制冷***，其特征在于，所述部件为一基于电动马达来驱动轴的装置。
19.一种用于监测制冷***的运行的方法，其包括如下步骤：
(1)提供一包括一压缩机、一散热的热交换器、一膨胀装置、和一吸热的热交换器的制冷循环，向一用于驱动所述压缩机的马达供应电流；
(2)监测所述压缩机马达的电流引入，并且当所述电流引入超过预定条件时进行检测；和
(3)当所监测的电流超过步骤(2)中的所述预定数值时，识别到所述压缩机内的过度振动。
CNB02143770XA 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 运输制冷***内通过电流传感的振动检测 Expired - Fee Related CN1332162C (zh)

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US09/966827 2001-09-28
US09/966,827 US6550260B1 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Vibration detection in a transport refrigeration system through current sensing

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CN1332162C CN1332162C (zh) 2007-08-15

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7818141B2 (en) 2006-03-02 2010-10-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vibration dosimeter and method for determining the daily vibration exposure
CN101680693B (zh) * 2007-05-29 2012-06-27 惠而浦股份公司 通过检测制冷***和/或家用电器中机械波的诊断***和方法
CN102878086A (zh) * 2011-07-11 2013-01-16 株式会社丰田自动织机 电动压缩机
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JP2003121033A (ja) 2003-04-23
CN1332162C (zh) 2007-08-15

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