CN1395671A - 用于建筑物的潜热存储构件 - Google Patents

用于建筑物的潜热存储构件 Download PDF

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CN1395671A
CN1395671A CN01803915A CN01803915A CN1395671A CN 1395671 A CN1395671 A CN 1395671A CN 01803915 A CN01803915 A CN 01803915A CN 01803915 A CN01803915 A CN 01803915A CN 1395671 A CN1395671 A CN 1395671A
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迪特里希·施瓦茨
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Dietrich Schwarz
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于建筑物的潜热存储构件，该构件包括至少一个第一透明板(14)和一个与其平行的至少部分透明的第二板(10、11)，其包含一种潜热存储材料(12)。潜热存储材料(12)着有或涂有至少在日光谱的红外线区域内吸收光的颜色。因此直接在潜热存储器中达到了高效率的光吸收。

Description

用于建筑物的潜热存储构件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于建筑物的潜热存储构件。
背景技术
在CH-A-688164中已知一种包括按照权利要求1的前序部分所述潜热存储器的构件。一房间的一个壁由一朝外面的壁隔开，该壁包括在外面的一透明的绝热件和在内部的一由两个板构成的中间腔室。一潜热存储器，例如氯化钙—六水合物装入该中间腔室内。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，进一步构成上述型式的构件，使其在光吸收方面更为有效。这个目的通过权利要求1所表明的特征以及诸从属权利要求的特征来达到。
附图说明
以下借助于附图说明本发明的诸实施例。
其中：
图1-6示出各种不同的实施形式的横截面。
具体实施方式
按图1的构件包括透明的板10、11。其可以由玻璃或塑料制成。它们构成一中间腔室。该中间腔室是密封的并且装满潜热存储材料12。在潜热存储材料中充分利用其熔化热函来存储热能。人们优先利用一种材料，其在室温下溶化，例如氯化钙—六水合物或石蜡。这样，在室温的范围内在其熔化过程中可以在潜热存储材料中存储比传统的建筑材料如混凝土和砖多几倍的热能。这种材料以超过熔点的温度浇铸于中间腔室内或与板10、11共挤压成形。也有这样的可能性，即将潜热存储材料以固体状态***板10、11之间。优选紧接着抽空很小间隙内的空气，以便不阻碍构件中的传热。对于石蜡存在这样的可能性，即石蜡通过支撑材料即使在固态/液态的相转变过程中也保持形状不变。石蜡充分均匀地分布于支撑材料中并且甚至在高的工作温度下也不出现流动的石蜡。为了将石蜡定形地***板10、11之间，另一可能性在于，将石蜡装入密封的空心体25中并封闭之，以便将该填满石蜡的空心体以干法堆叠在板10、11之间。该空心体优选由塑料制成。借此可以排出因堆叠的空心体25形成的静压力，各空心体25相互间并与板10、11部分地或完全地粘合在一起。这形成一静态连结，其又提高了板10、11的稳定性。
潜热存储材料12着有或涂有至少在日光谱的红外线区域内吸收光的颜色。优选使其着有暗色，借此可以在潜热存储材料中直接实现日光的吸收。该吸收能作为热能存储于潜热存储器中并且又作为热辐射缓慢而连续地射入室内部。这样的着色必须选择成如此的暗色，即在潜热存储材料12中尽管吸收那么多的射入的日光辐射，但内室没有因透射的日光辐射而过热。着色的吸收度必须按照建筑物的位置和构造方式来确定。例如在一具有轻型结构的建筑物中，其构件直接构成一外壁，必定比在一具有重型结构的建筑物中在潜热存储器内吸收更多的日光，在后者中构件覆盖一作为正面元件的隔墙。同样，面向日光的正面的传统的窗户表面必须与建筑物和预料的日光入射位置一起加以考虑。此外，在潜热存储材料12中吸收日光时充分利用其特性。潜热存储材料石蜡在液态时比在固态时具有远高的光透射能力。此外，其具有很低的导热能力。这意味着在日光从外向内辐射时潜热存储器层缓慢地熔融并由此也从外向内提高光透射能力。其结果是，日光辐射理想地达到全部的潜热存储器层并在其中存储吸收的日光辐射。为了使日光辐射可以更好地熔化石蜡，空心体25设有凹口26或穿口，其形成了光窗口。日光辐射通过光窗口较深地射入潜热存储器层内。
要提高构件的吸收度的另一可能性在于，使透明的板10、11或空心体25具有暗色或涂上暗色。板10、11和空心体25的这些着色或涂层也可以用于装饰目的。
面向建筑物的外面在板10、11的前面设置一透明的绝热件13，该绝热件被一个或更多个其他的透明板14封闭起来。该绝热件13可以例如按照WO98/51973来构成，其被认为是本申请不可缺少的构件。板14优选由无铁的高度透光的白色玻璃制成，借此使光透射为最佳。透明的绝热层13也可以采用透明的塑料蜂窝状物或其他透明的空腔结构。这种所谓的透明的绝热件13的特性是，封入诸空腔内的空气起绝热体的作用，因为诸空腔孔很细，压制了空气的对流。
透明的绝热的另一可能性是，在中间的板11与一个/多个外面的板14之间的中间空腔注满高度绝热的惰性气体，例如氩、氪或氙。另一可能性在于，抽空在该中间空腔内的空气。真空显示为一理想的绝热体。中间板11和14可以在其外面或内面具有一绝热涂层15(图2)，其也称之为弱放射(Low-E)涂层。外面的白色玻璃板14和位于其后面的气体层或真空层具有高的光透射。绝热涂层的中间玻璃板11按性质具有降低的总能量穿透度。其附带产生的吸收能量不是作为能量损失出现，而是被向内导入潜热存储材料中，因为前面设置的绝热层和绝热涂层15压制了向外部的热损失。
为了使构件在夏季不过热，在潜热存储器层的外面必须设置一遮荫部分。在按照图2的实施形式中遮荫部分16安装于外面的玻璃板14后面的外面的绝热中间空腔中。这提供了这样的保证，即包括过热防护的构件可以制成为一稳定的良好工作的单元从而省去另外的遮荫结构。
要调整辐射的另一可能性在于，外面的板24具有棱体形凸起部17。因此通过光的转向在夏季陡斜入射的日光可转向外面。而在冬季平坦入射的日光可无阻碍地向内部通过板24。诸棱体17可以设置在板14的前面也可以在其背面。光转向的原理也可以利用全息照相术，但眼下这还是很昂贵的。构件还可以用作加热器。同样在日照房屋内需要另外的热源用以在恶劣的天气时对需要的余热的补充。板10在向潜热存储材料12一边可以构成为表面电阻加热器18。为此，将导电的金属涂层涂覆在玻璃板10上。另一可能性在于，将输水管19结合于潜热存储器中并从而如在表面加热器中那样在需要时水将需要的热能输给潜热存储器。潜热存储材料12提供这样的可能性，即可以供给存储器物质以适宜的夜间电流并且以热的形式延续到白天再加以利用。
夏季的过热防护的另一可能性是在板14或11的外面上的金属氧化物涂层。相对于板14、11的垂直线的入射角越大，板14、11的外表面上的反射也越大。这意味着在夏季的陡斜入射的日光比在冬季的平坦入射的日光更强地被反射。同时这显示为一低成本的解决方案。
为了优化构件的成本，其可以作为塑料元件成单件挤压成形。对未结合在其中的潜热存储材料12需要宏观的空腔20，以便容纳处于未定形的流动状态的潜热存储材料12。优选使为了形成板10、11中的空腔20利用的透明的塑料材料量减至最少并同时构成包括最大容量的空腔。这可以导致按照图5中的桁架式结构。为了优化特别是在冬季隔板的效率，隔板21、22可以与板14构成锐角。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于建筑物的潜热存储构件，包括至少一个第一透明板(14)和一个与其平行的第二板(10、11；23)，其包含一种潜热存储材料(12)，其特征在于，潜热存储材料(12)着有或涂有至少在日光谱的红外线区域内吸收光的颜色。
2.按照权利要求1所述的构件，其特征在于，第一板(14)由一透明的绝热件(13)与第二板(10、11；23)隔开。
3.按照权利要求1所述的构件，其特征在于，在第一板(14)与第二板(10、11)之间的中间空腔中设置一遮荫装置(16)。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的构件，其特征在于，潜热存储材料(12)与第二板(23)共挤压成形。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一项所述的构件，其特征在于，潜热存储材料(12)包括在室温下熔化的石蜡或盐类水合物。
6.按照权利要求5所述的构件，其特征在于，潜热存储材料结合于支撑材料中。
7.按照权利要求1至5之一项所述的构件，其特征在于，潜热存储材料(12)装入一些空心体(25)中。
8.按照权利要求7所述的构件，其特征在于，空心体(25)在外面和/或内面具有凹口(26)或穿口。
9.按照权利要求1至8之一项所述的构件，其特征在于，所述板(10、11、14)中的一个涂覆有一层弱放射涂层(15)。
10.按照权利要求1至9之一项所述的构件，其特征在于，潜热存储材料(12)可通过加热元件(18、19)加热。
11.按照权利要求1至10之一项所述的构件，其特征在于，两第一板(14、24)或其中一个在一面具有这样的棱体形凸起部(17)，即在高日光情况下日光被转向外面，而在低日光情况下日光无阻碍地通过第一板(14)。
12.按照权利要求1至11之一项所述的构件，其特征在于，第二板(10、11)的至少一部分(10)或空心体(25)具有暗色或涂上暗色。
CNB018039154A 2000-01-20 2001-01-16 用于建筑物的潜热存储构件 Expired - Fee Related CN1325855C (zh)

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US7827743B2 (en) * 2005-06-21 2010-11-09 Campisi Francis H Energy conserving active thermal insulation
DE102005030310B3 (de) * 2005-06-23 2006-12-21 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Wärmeisolierendes Behältnis
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ATE281635T1 (de) 2004-11-15
US6860079B2 (en) 2005-03-01
WO2001053756A2 (de) 2001-07-26
AU2001223386A1 (en) 2001-07-31
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WO2001053756A3 (de) 2002-01-24
US20030000171A1 (en) 2003-01-02

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