CN1372790A - Artificially cultured triploid Hepu nacre and its pearl culturing method - Google Patents
Artificially cultured triploid Hepu nacre and its pearl culturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1372790A CN1372790A CN02114993A CN02114993A CN1372790A CN 1372790 A CN1372790 A CN 1372790A CN 02114993 A CN02114993 A CN 02114993A CN 02114993 A CN02114993 A CN 02114993A CN 1372790 A CN1372790 A CN 1372790A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
A method for artificially culturing the Hepu triploid nacre includes culturing parents, gathering spermia and ova, fertilization, inducing, collecting larvae and culturing them, breeding and culturing in sea. A method for artificial culturing pearl with said Hepu triploid nacre includes pretreating female nacre, making small mentallum sheet, inserting nuclear, recovery culture, culturing pearl and picking up. Its advantages are high radio of triploid (more than 90%), high survical rate of larvae, and high granularity and quality of pearl.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of artificial culture triploid Hepu nacre, further relate to the method for growing cultured pearls with the triploid Hepu nacre of this artificial culture.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, the raising of living standards of the people, the high-tech agricultural is more and more paid attention to for people, and the scientific of aquaculture more and more seems important.How by rule of thumb the past peasant cultures shell operation, and output and quality are very restricted.Past people is induced as derivant with cytochalasin B (cytochalasin B is called for short CB) and produced triploid, and is comparatively successful, but CB toxicity is bigger, the tool carcinogenicity, and cost an arm and a leg, its safety is the problem that need solve.The method that the triploid Hepu nacre that artificial culture is induced with 6-DMAP is also further grown cultured pearls does not also have bibliographical information.
The content of invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of artificial culture triploid Hepu nacre of good quality and high output is { with 6-DMAP (6-dimethylaminopurine, 6-dimethylaminopurine, be called for short 6-DMAP) induce, further aim of the present invention provides a kind of method of growing cultured pearls with the triploid Hepu nacre of artificial culture.
The method of a kind of artificial culture triploid Hepu nacre of the present invention comprises the following steps: the cultivation of a. parent shellfish:
It is complete to select the shellfish body, and radioactive ray are obvious, and the phosphorus sheet is sharp and hard, the byssus prosperity, individual big, shell is high more than 6.5 centimetres, shellfish 2-3 in age age, the fuller individuality of sexual gland are done close shellfish; Female-male proportion is 4-5: 1, stored up 3-5 days in 20-30 ℃, and change water every day once, and the sufficient bait of throwing something and feeding, promote gonadal maturation; B. smart ovum collecting and insemination:
Select the full individuality of sexual gland, cut open and get smart ovum and be stored in respectively in the beaker that fills filtering sea,, remove impurity and fragment of tissue through silk cover filtering; And ovum is added fill in the tank of 0.005-0.007% ammonia seawater rapidly, stopping 5-60 minute, the quantity of adjusting ovum is 0.5-10 ten thousand every milliliter, 20 ℃-28 ℃ of water temperatures add an amount of sperm then, and mixing are fertilized by it; C. induce processing
When first polar body appearred in the fertilized egg as about 30-50%, the 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-dimethylaminopurine is called for short 6-DMAP) that promptly adds concentration and be 30-100mg/L was induced and was handled 15-25 minute; Change water with the method for siphon then, wash ovum twice, remove residual medicine and sperm; D. larva collects and cultivates
Fertilized egg is placed bigger container, fill it up with seawater and grow by it; After treating a large amount of come-ups of larva, collect nursery pond with siphonage (during siphon, can not stir the ovum of the bottom deposit) larva that will float, inject about 1/3 seawater, the quantity of larva is controlled at 2-8/ml in the water body; At least change water once every day; Each bait throwing in morning and afternoon once; At the bottom of the cleaned at regular intervals pond or fall the pond, keep good ecological condition; E. the cultivation of collecting seedling
When pigment point appears in the larva when 20～30% (by microscopic examination), throw in chip plastic sheet or netted collector and collect seedling; F. mariculture
Individual long during when seedling to 1.5-2.0mm, an amount of seedling is put into one-level cage (about 60 orders) go out the pond breed of plunging into the commercial sea, can grow cultured pearls during to the long 6-7 of shell centimetre.
In above-mentioned artificial culture process, the optimum condition during insemination is: get that the time of staying is 10-30 minute behind the ovum, the quantity 2-3 of ovum ten thousand every milliliter is between 20 ℃-24 ℃ of the water temperatures.
Nursery pond must totally and with disinfectant be sterilized during larva collected and cultivates.First three day adopted the method that adds water, changes water with the core pulling and filling system that is with certain mesh size bolting silk later on.
The early stage larva chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is controlled at 2000-6000/ml; Enter the shell top initial stage, chrysophyceae throwing amount is 4000-5000/ml, can add the throwing flat algae, and feeding volume is 1000-3000/ml; After metamorphosis was adhered to, bait was based on flat algae.
Generally through about 20 days cultivation, larva began metamorphosis and adheres to, and all larvas adhere to approximately needs tens days.After all larvas adhere to, remove the bolting silk on the core pulling and filling system when changing water.Collector can be selected the sheet collector for use, promptly conspires to create with plastic sheet, and two kinds of redness and black are arranged, and black is better, or netted collector, is glue silk netting, light net or the old fishnet etc. of all size.
Triploid is grown cultured pearls
Carrying out pearl culturing method with the triploid Hepu nacre of above-mentioned artificial culture is:
A. the art pre-treatment of female shellfish
Adopt intensive low method of hanging, suppress gonadal growth and reduce its physiological function
B. make mantle piece
Select for use the well-grown shellfish about 1 age to make piece shell, take out pallial below, left and right sides free fraction, be placed on the glass plate, and the shape that dices.
C. insert nuclear
Sufficient base portion female shellfish is opened a kerf with the opening cutter on epidermis, pearl nuclear and small pieces are sent into notch, and the outer epithelium of small pieces is examined to pearl.
D. recuperation
Postoperative female shellfish hangs to be supported in the recuperation field, and the time is about one month.
E. grow cultured pearls and receive pearl
After the recuperation phase, pearly shellfish changed over to culture the sea area and carry out conventional pipe and support, culture and open shellfish after 12-18 month and receive pearl.
The triploid Hepu nacre of above-mentioned artificial culture is generally grown cultured pearls as the follow-up female Bei Jinhang that grows cultured pearls, also can be directly as product.Artificial culture triploid Hepu nacre method and the method for growing cultured pearls also can be thought artificial culture triploid Hepu nacre and a complete method of growing cultured pearls altogether.Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
By the cultivation and the breed of science, can stablize it and induce effect, brephic triploid ratio can reach more than 90% usually, the survival rate of larvae height.Triploid (3n) group bead yield rate is 0.84 a/shellfish, and core-remaining rate is 0.91 a/shellfish, and above large pearl of 7.0mm and the medium-sized pearl of 6.5-7.0mm account for 90.2%, and the pearl average weight is 0.48 gram/grain; The bead yield rate of dliploid (2n) group is 0.64 a/shellfish, and core-remaining rate is 0.68 a/shellfish, and large pearl and medium-sized pearl account for 51.6%, and the pearl average weight is 0.42 gram/grain.The two is compared 3n group bead yield rate and improves 30.8%, and core-remaining rate improves 35.4%, and the ratio of large pearl and medium-sized pearl improves 38.6%, and the pearl average weight improves 14.3%.(become shellfish triploid ratio can use gill cell method or flow cytometry inspection.)
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not construed as limiting.
Embodiment 1 grow seedlings (artificial culture triploid nacre):
Place: North Sea Wei Zhoudao, time: in April, 1999.It is complete to select the shellfish body, and radioactive ray are obvious, and the phosphorus sheet is sharp and hard, high more than 6.5 centimetres, full 19 of female shellfishes, 9 of the male shellfishes of sexual gland of byssus prosperity, shell, cut open and get smart ovum, be stored in the beaker that fills filtering sea silk cover filtering respectively, 9,600 ten thousand of total ovum amounts, and rapidly ovum is added in the tank that fills 0.006% ammonia seawater, stopped 23 ℃ of water temperatures 10 minutes, add an amount of sperm then, and mixing is fertilized by it.When first polar body appears in the fertilized egg as about 30%, 23 ℃ of water temperatures, continued to induce processing fertilized egg 17 minutes with 6-DMAP (final concentration 50mg/L) in the glass flume of 10 40 * 30 * 15cm, the ovum amount is 0.5 ten thousand/ml during processing.Then wash ovum for twice and change water, change treatment fluid, change 0.5m then over to filtering sea
3The glass fibre tank treat its growth.After treating a large amount of come-ups of larva, collect 24m with siphonage (during siphon, can not stir the ovum of the bottom deposit) larva that will float
3The cement nursery pond, inject about 1/3 seawater, the quantity of larva is controlled at 2-3/ml in the water body; At least change water once every day; Each bait throwing in morning and afternoon once; At the bottom of the cleaned at regular intervals pond or fall the pond, keep good ecological condition; First three day adopted the method that adds water, changes water with the core pulling and filling system that is with certain mesh size bolting silk later on.The early stage larva chrysophyceae of mainly throwing something and feeding, feeding volume is controlled at 3000/ml; Enter the shell top initial stage, add the throwing flat algae, feeding volume is 2000/ml, and the chrysophyceae amount is 4500/ml; After metamorphosis was adhered to, bait was that flat algae is main, and feeding volume is 4500/ml.When pigment point appearred in the larva when 30%, the collector that input black plastic sheet conspires to create was collected seedling, and in time the collector that adheres to seedling is transferred to another nursery pond and cultivate.Individual long during when seedling to 1.5-2.0mm, an amount of seedling is put into one-level cage (about 60 orders) go out the pond breed of plunging into the commercial sea.Its result, embryonic period, embryonic phase, triploid rate 91%, per unit area yield: 49.5 ten thousand in every cubic metre of water body.
Embodiment 2 grow seedlings (artificial culture triploid nacre):
The place: North Sea Wei Zhoudao, the time: get 22 of female shellfishes in March, 1999,9 of male shellfishes are pressed the same method artificial culture triploid nacre of embodiment 1, and its result: embryonic period, embryonic phase, triploid rate reached 91%, and every cubic metre of water body produces 34.3 ten thousand in seed.
Embodiment 3 grows cultured pearls:
According to the step described in the summary of the invention artificial culture triploid nacre is grown cultured pearls, wherein, female shellfish hangs dense stocking through about 20 days low, inserts nuclear, small pieces be one age the dliploid shellfish.The sea area water temperature is 17-22 ℃ during the slotting nuclear, proportion 1.022.The recuperation phase is one month.The lethality of its recuperation phase triploid (3n) group is 23.3%, and dliploid (2n) group is 25.3%.
The result that grows cultured pearls (when culturing 6 months): 3n group bead yield rate is 0.84 a/shellfish, and core-remaining rate is 0.91 a/shellfish, and above large pearl of 7.0mm and the medium-sized pearl of 6.5-7.0mm account for 90.2%, and the pearl average weight is 0.48 gram/grain; The bead yield rate of 2n group is 0.64 a/shellfish, and core-remaining rate is 0.68 a/shellfish, and large pearl and medium-sized pearl account for 51.6%, and the pearl average weight is 0.42 gram/grain.The two is compared 3n group bead yield rate and improves 30.8%, and core-remaining rate improves 35.4%, and the ratio of large pearl and medium-sized pearl improves 38.6%, and the pearl average weight improves 14.3%.
Claims (3)
1. the method for an artificial culture triploid Hepu nacre, its feature comprises the following steps:
A. close shellfish is cultivated:
It is complete to select the shellfish body, and radioactive ray are obvious, and the phosphorus sheet is sharp and hard, the byssus prosperity, individual big, shell is high more than 6.5 centimetres, shellfish 2～3 ages of age, the fuller individuality of sexual gland are done close shellfish; Female-male proportion is 4-5: 1, stored up 3～5 days in 20-30 ℃, and change water every day once, and the sufficient bait of throwing something and feeding, promote gonadal maturation;
B. smart ovum collecting and insemination:
Select the full individuality of sexual gland, cut open and get smart ovum and be stored in respectively in the beaker that fills filtering sea,, remove impurity and fragment of tissue through silk cover filtering; And ovum is added fill in the tank of 0.005-0.007% ammonia seawater rapidly, stopping 5-60 minute, the quantity of adjusting ovum is 2-5 ten thousand every milliliter, 20 ℃-28 ℃ of water temperatures add an amount of sperm then, and mixing are fertilized by it;
C. induce processing
When first polar body appearred in the fertilized egg as about 30-50%, the 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-dimethylaminopurine is called for short 6-DMAP) that promptly adds concentration and be 50～75mg/L was induced and was handled 15～25 minutes; Change water with the method for siphon then, wash ovum twice, remove residual medicine and sperm;
D. larva collects and cultivates
Fertilized egg is placed bigger container, fill it up with seawater and grow by it; After treating a large amount of come-ups of larva, collect nursery pond with siphonage (during siphon, can not stir the ovum of the bottom deposit) larva that will float, inject about 1/3 seawater, the quantity of larva is controlled at 2～8/ml in the water body; At least change water once every day; Each bait throwing in morning and afternoon once; At the bottom of the cleaned at regular intervals pond or fall the pond, keep good ecological condition;
E. the cultivation of collecting seedling
When pigment point appears in the larva when 20～30% (by microscopic examination), throw in chip plastic sheet or netted collector and collect seedling, and in time the collector that adheres to seedling is transferred to another nursery pond and cultivate;
F. mariculture
Individual long during when seedling to 1.5～2.0mm, an amount of seedling is put into one-level cage (about 60 orders) go out the pond breed of plunging into the commercial sea.
2. according to the method for a kind of artificial culture triploid Hepu nacre in the claim 1, the optimum condition when it is characterized in that inseminating is: get that the time of staying is 10-30 minute behind the ovum, the quantity 2-3 of ovum ten thousand every milliliter is between 20 ℃-24 ℃ of the water temperatures.
3. a kind of pearl culturing method of triploid Hepu nacre of artificial culture is in the claim 1:
A. the art pre-treatment of female shellfish
Adopt intensive low method of hanging, suppress gonadal growth and reduce its physiological function
B. make mantle piece
Select for use the well-grown shellfish about 1 age to make piece shell, take out pallial below, left and right sides free fraction, be placed on the glass plate, and the shape that dices.
C. insert nuclear
Sufficient base portion female shellfish is opened a kerf with the opening cutter on epidermis, pearl nuclear and small pieces are sent into notch, and the outer epithelium of small pieces is examined to pearl.
D. recuperation
Postoperative female shellfish hangs to be supported in the recuperation field, and the time is about one month.
E. grow cultured pearls and receive pearl
After the recuperation phase, pearly shellfish changed over to culture the sea area and carry out conventional pipe and support, culture and open shellfish after 12-18 month and receive pearl.
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| CNB021149933A CN1181733C (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2002-03-22 | Artificially cultured triploid Hepu nacre and its pearl culturing method |
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| CN1314310C (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2007-05-09 | 孙红 | Pearl with space moulding and its cultivating method |
| CN100362912C (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2008-01-23 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for making seed of Pinctada martensii of red shell strain |
| CN100389652C (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2008-05-28 | 海南大学 | Method for breeding excellent pinctada of sea water pearls |
| CN101904309A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2010-12-08 | 海南大学 | Processing method before free pearl nuclei-inserting operation of pteria penguin |
| CN101940183A (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2011-01-12 | 浙江山下湖珍珠集团股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating pearl by inducing triploid hyriopsis cumingii |
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| CN101627733B (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-11-16 | 中国海洋大学 | Method capable of promoting stripped shellfish eggs to be mature in vitro |
| CN103609500A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-05 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | Oyster semi-artificial seeding method |
| CN104855321A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-08-26 | 天津农学院 | Triploid chemical induction method suitable for Ruditapes philippinarum |
| CN105284670A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-03 | 北海市铁山港区生产力促进中心 | Artificial breeding method for cultivation of seawater pearls |
| CN105284668A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-03 | 北海市铁山港区生产力促进中心 | Method for examining nucleus-spitting cowries for cultivation of seawater pearls |
| CN105309339A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-10 | 郑波明 | Mother pearl shellfish recuperation method for seawater pearl culture |
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| CN1314310C (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2007-05-09 | 孙红 | Pearl with space moulding and its cultivating method |
| CN100389652C (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2008-05-28 | 海南大学 | Method for breeding excellent pinctada of sea water pearls |
| CN100362912C (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2008-01-23 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for making seed of Pinctada martensii of red shell strain |
| CN101627733B (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-11-16 | 中国海洋大学 | Method capable of promoting stripped shellfish eggs to be mature in vitro |
| CN101904309A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2010-12-08 | 海南大学 | Processing method before free pearl nuclei-inserting operation of pteria penguin |
| CN101940183A (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2011-01-12 | 浙江山下湖珍珠集团股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating pearl by inducing triploid hyriopsis cumingii |
| CN101940183B (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2012-03-21 | 浙江山下湖珍珠集团股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating pearl by inducing triploid hyriopsis cumingii |
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| CN103609500A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-05 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | Oyster semi-artificial seeding method |
| CN103609500B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-03-04 | 广西正五海洋产业股份有限公司 | Oyster semi-artificial seeding method |
| CN105284670A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-03 | 北海市铁山港区生产力促进中心 | Artificial breeding method for cultivation of seawater pearls |
| CN105284668A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-03 | 北海市铁山港区生产力促进中心 | Method for examining nucleus-spitting cowries for cultivation of seawater pearls |
| CN105309339A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-10 | 郑波明 | Mother pearl shellfish recuperation method for seawater pearl culture |
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