CN1352352A - Siphonic power generating system capable of desilting and collecting sand and stone and floating material of reservoir - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a power generating system including desilting reservoir, eliminating floated matter, collecting separated sand, stone and floated material, and utilizing slit to drive hydraulic turbine to generate electricity. The system consists of siphonic pipe, silt sucking valve, regulating valve, silt discharging valve, hydraulic turbine, power generator, pebble, and coarse sand screening and conveying machines, and fine sand conveying aqueduct. The present invention utilizes potential energy of water to eliminate sand and floated matter, and can increase power generating capacity of reservoir and eliminate siltation of reservoir radially.

Description

The clear husky siphon power generation system that also can collect sandstone and drift of reservoir

Patent of the present invention relates to is a kind ofly can clear up the reservoir basic sediment, the floating debris of the water surface, and the sandstone, the floating debris screening back that clean out can be collected.And can utilize mortar to impact the siphon power generation system of hydraulic generator.

The desilting of reservoir at present, to float clearly be open by scouring sluice, Floater removing gate, allows big flow water that silt thing and drift are rushed at the downstream.Not only cause the great lot of water resources loss, also can cause to hinder the river course environment in boat harm and downstream to pollute to the downstream.Pressing from both sides husky turbulent flow also can the concave bank, the riverbed is changed its course and river levee jumps and steps on.Moreover stretch into the bottom of the reservior by dredger with pump line and drag for sand.The dredger power consumption is high, the low deepwater work difficulty of efficient, and is limited in one's ability to regulation silt evil." reservoir is the important component part of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering comprehensive utilization water resources, under the situation of reservoir filling utilization, along with the alluvial of silt in the reservoir area; the available storage of water of reservoir reduces day by day; useless to becoming silted up eventually, northern China heavily silt-carrying river reservoir, and existing many so far reservoirs become silted up useless.Greater than totally 192 in 100 ten thousand stere reservoirs, become silted up useless 43 by 1973 as Shaanxi Province's storage capacity, Qingtongxia, the Yellow River reservoir retaining in 1969 utilization has deposited 86% by effective storage in 1980.The reservoir of the reservoir that the U.S. built before nineteen thirty-five existing 10% becomes silted up useless." (selecting from " Three Gorges Project sediment research ")

The invention provides a kind of collection cleaning bottom of the reservior alluvial and water surface drift, double generating siphon power generation system its objective is to make full use of waterpower resourses, increases generated energy, effects a radical cure reservoir sedimentation and discarded severe and lingering illness chronic disease makes the reservoir spring eternal, for the mankind benefit.

The present invention realizes like this, dam or storehouse dike at reservoir are provided with one tunnel siphon pipeline, the one end stretches into deep, bottom of the reservior and arranges in the deep trouth under the husky lock, electronic silt sucking valve is equipped with in the end, communicate with main siphon to one road pipeline upward in close silt sucking valve certain distance installing, its length is mainly avoided husky district, guarantees to suck clear water, and the topmost part is installed electric control valve.Near near the reservoir water surface, a priming pump and diversion valve are installed at pipeline, the pump sump tap places reservoir water.Pump outlet and diversion valve are connected in simultaneously by pipeline, and the diversion valve the other end links to each other with syphon tube by pipeline.Install an emptying valve at the syphon tube highest point, and be connected with the syphon tube highest point by pipeline, the other end is installed section of a pipe and is placed air, syphon tube becomes half garden arch to stride across dam, (words of conditions permit are preferably from reducing loss of pressure head near near the break-through dam water surface of storehouse for well) syphon tube directly reaches the water turbine upper end, and electronic silt discharging valve is equipped with in the syphon tube end, 90 ° of-120 ° of garden arc stators of water turbine that have Plate Steel to make under the valve, and be configured to the mortar passage with water turbine.The backing plate that spring is housed under the garden shape on the center that goes out husky valve port and the turbine blade is corresponding, and 90 ° of-120 ° of arcs of the axle center of water turbine and water turbine stator are with the garden heart.Cobble sieve transveyer is equipped with in the water turbine bottom.Rough sand sieve transveyer is housed below the cobble sieve transveyer.The aqueduct that transports the fine sand slurry is equipped with in the rough sand lower part of screen.Be used for arranging when floating, as shown in Figure 2, do not need rough sand sieve and fine sand slurry aqueduct.Syphon tube end, valve place is floated in its suction should be installed on 1-2 rice, reservoir underwater, and suction inlet upwards.When being used for reservoir, upstream desilting, as shown in Figure 3, syphon tube crosses embankment, and pulp absorbing valve and modulating valve one end should place easily silt place hand excavation's darker depositing bottom the husky pond of reservoir.At first close silt discharging valve before this generator utilization, open outlet valve, modulating valve and pulp absorbing valve then, make water level rising in the syphon tube, up near the reservoir water surface time, close modulating valve and pulp absorbing valve, open diversion valve, open priming pump, toward the interior water of syphon tube, when outlet valve is upwards sprayed water, close outlet valve and diversion valve, stop priming pump, open silt discharging valve and modulating valve, just have a large amount of current to rush at water turbine this moment, and water turbine rotates and drives generator for electricity generation.Treat to open silt sucking valve again behind the power generation stabilization, clear sand comes into operation.Modulating valve is used for regulating the husky ratio of mortar water and reaches optimum value.Rotational speed of water turbine is stabilized in the specified value.If be used for old reservoir, can open the helix drum machine, precipitation silt is for a long time stirred evenly, be convenient to syphon tube and suck.Open the cobble transveyer cobble on the sieve is transported in the cobble storehouse, thickness sand injects rough sand sieve transveyer from the densely covered hole of the bottom of cobble sieve transveyer and both sides cell wall.Open the rough sand transveyer rough sand that sieved is transported into rough sand storehouse, the fine sand slurry just flows into fine sand slurry aqueduct from the cinclides of rough sand sieve both sides.Along being horizontally disposed with or the aqueduct of descending slightly, the fine sand slurry flows in the selected good mountain valley fine sand storage pad and precipitates, and long-pending full back clear water flows out, and fine sand can dig out to be made brick and do building materials and use, or fills out paddy and build up fields.Rough sand is expensive not anxious sale of the eighteenth of the twenty comparatively.Cobble can be chosen the exquisite artwork of making and sell or do structural material.

The present invention is mainly according to siphonage, and law of conservation of energy and transformation of energy rule, potential energy converting and energy become kinetic energy and road to have nothing to do in the physics, and its siphonal flow depends on the elevation difference of the reservoir water surface and grout outlet, is pressure head, unit rice.Represent with H, then

H＝R _TQ ² <1>

R _T-resistance coefficient (s ²/ m ⁵)

Flow (m in Q-pipe ³/ s) $R_T=\frac{8}{{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}g}[{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_x\frac{l_x}{d_x^s}+{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_p\frac{l_p}{d_p^s}+{\mathrm{\&Sigma;\&epsiv;}}_x\frac{1}{d_x^s}+({\mathrm{\&Sigma;\&epsiv;}}_p+1)\frac{1}{d_p^s}]({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="s"\; filenames="A0114307400091.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}^2/m^5)---\&lang;2\&rang;$

λ _xλ _p-friction loss coefficient g---gravity accleration

L _xL _p-along Cheng Guanlu length

∑ ε _x∑ ε _pLocal resistance loss coefficient sum on the-pipeline

(＜1 〉,＜2〉formula derive from the Coal Industry Press and publish " fluid machinery " book that the Bai Mingsheng of Huainan Mining Industry College, professor Chen Zusu compile in collaboration with)

The siphon pipeline requires must be consistent along the internal diameter at Cheng Suoyou place, and greater than inhaling mortar mouth diameter, only considers when calculating to calculate by a kind of diameter for this reason, and the local resistance loss coefficient has also just been ignored, and promptly is calculated as follows. $R_T=\frac{8}{{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}g}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_x\frac{l_x}{d_x^s}$

It is sign that tube fluid is exerted oneself with P, then

P＝9.81QH

(formula derives from Chinese Water Conservancy water power publishing house and publishes, professor Liu Dakai of Hohai University chief editor's " water turbine ")

The power of generator is relevant with flow Q with pressure head H for this reason, and Q depends on resistance coefficient R _TWith pressure head H, resistance coefficient is directly relevant with the internal diameter and the length of pipe

Owing to adopt such scheme, the following aspects beneficial effect can be arranged; 1, can remove the shoal materials of reservoir bottom, make the reservoir long term serve the mankind; 2, the floating debris on the removing water surface, and these white garbages can be collected recycling, reduce the environmental pollution of downstream river course; 3, be convenient to navigation because sandstone are collected the alluvial of minimizing downstream river course, reduce downstream desilting expense; 4, can be sand surfing, dash and to float and the outer water resources of storage capacity makes full use of to generate electricity and increases the generating capacity of reservoir; 5, sandstone and drift are collected again and are used, and become to be harmful to society and to be harmful to and humanly to help the mankind into helping society; 6, have the valency energy consumption few, just water is opened a sluice gate valve, transports the power consumption of sandstone and drift machine, is the potential energy that makes full use of dam and inhale husky suction drift, and never consuming other has the valency energy; 7, owing in advance desilting is taken in the pipe, the flowing water sand content of flow path reservoir main generator water turbine significantly reduces, and reduces the wear extent of main generator water turbine, and also can bring considerable economic the working life that prolongs main water turbine.The economy of this invention generally speaking, social benefit is to be difficult to quantify clearly.

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples patent of the present invention is further specified;

Fig. 1 is installed in the sectional drawing that reservoir blocks the clear sofa electricity of water dam for the present invention.

Fig. 2 blocks water dam supernatant and floats the generator sectional drawing for patent of the present invention is installed in reservoir

Fig. 3 is used for the sectional drawing that the reservoir middle and upper reaches are cleared up easy silt place shoal materials generating for the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the side view that the present invention is used for dam

Among the figure 1, syphon tube; 2, electronic silt sucking valve; 3, electric control valve; 4, electronic silt discharging valve, go out the drift valve; 5, emptying valve; 6, diversion valve; 7, priming pump; 8, water turbine; 9, cobble sieve transveyer; 10, rough sand sieve transveyer; 11, fine sand slurry aqueduct; 12, reservoir blocks the water dam; 13, the helix drum machine of band cutter; 14, syphon tube fixing bolt; 15, the fixing waistband of syphon tube; 16, the long-pending husky deep trouth of scouring sluice; 17, the reservoir water surface; 18, generator; 19, the reservoir downstream water surface; 20, reservoir storehouse dike; 21, at the bottom of the reservoir; 22, Ji Shachi; 23, row floats the syphon tube bottom bracket; 24,90 ° of-120 ° of garden arc stators of water turbine; 25, water turbine frame; 26, be loaded on the turbine blade by the spring-supported anti-backing plate of pounding; 27, spring;

The end that syphon tube 1 stretches into reservoir bottom among Fig. 1 links to each other with silt sucking valve 2, modulating valve 3, and modulating valve 3 should be away from sand district certain distance, to guarantee the inspiration clear water.Near near the water surface 17 priming pump 7 is arranged, its water outlet links to each other with diversion valve 6 by pipeline, 6 the other end links to each other with syphon tube 1 by pipeline, has emptying valve 5 to link to each other with syphon tube 1 by pipeline at the syphon tube highest point, and end peace certain-length pipe places air in addition.The other end of syphon tube 1 links to each other with silt discharging valve 4, and places the top of water wheels frame 25, and its center is facing to spring backing plate 26 centers on the blade of water turbine 8,26 with blade between have spring 27 to link to each other; 90 ° of-120 ° of stators of frame 25 tops and bi-side and water turbine constitute the mortar passage, and the half of blade of water turbine is sandwiched in the passage, and mortar impacts blade makes water turbine 8 rotations.Cobble sieve transveyer 9 is housed below the drive generator for electricity generation, channel outlet, and transveyer can be drawn together the big transformation of the way with large-scale scraper plate machine by the colliery, at the bottom of the chute and the hole of decide less than minimum cobble diameter of helping to gather.So that sifting out, cobble transports.Can select the exquisite artwork of doing and sell, other does structural material.Rough sand sieve transveyer 10 below mortar flows to again from the hole of gathering.10 and 9 is roughly the same, and the aperture of just gathering is less than screening rough sand minimum particle size diameter, and the rough sand on the sieve is transported the storehouse by machine, and the fine sand slurry flows into nethermost fine sand slurry aqueduct 11, fine sand slurry flows to the battle field, mountain valley along the aqueduct of descending slightly, post precipitation, and clear water flows into downstream river course.Fine sand can be used for making brick and structural material or fills out paddy and build up fields.The setting of outlet valve 5 diversion valves 6 and priming pump 7, just used for starting this system, in case this system works well, they just finish mission, as long as full water in the syphon tube is used them never again again.Modulating valve 3 is to be used for regulating the husky ratio of water, and to select optimal operation, it also can be used for regulating the purpose that flow reaches attached joint generating frequency simultaneously.Cleaning syphon tube inner product sand was opened modulating valve 3 earlier during shutdown fully when its another effect was shutdown, closed silt sucking valve 2, treated out to close simultaneously when the mortar mouth is clear water fully silt discharging valve 4 and modulating valve 3 again.The siphon generator is used for the reservoir middle and upper reaches when clear husky, must select the place that is easy to silt and deep-cut Ji Shachi, amasss sand and has in one's care and accumulate so that the long-pending downstream sand of reservoir and high level water storage formation recirculation water precipitated, and is convenient to syphon tube and adopts sand.Using key issue of the present invention is must sand outlet and storehouse water and certain drop is arranged, and outlet is lower than the water surface.Helix drum machine 13 is linked to each other with valve 2 by the guiding principle plate.Be used for useless storehouse desilting.

This invention of hypothesis use condition coarse analysis after the Changjiang river world-famous three gorge reservoirs are completed fully is calculated as follows below;

Known three gorge dam maximum height 185m, normal reserve-water-level 175m, dry season reserve-water-level 155m supposes the mortar mouth and storehouse water surface drop is 120m.

Syphon tube length then

$Q=\sqrt{\frac{H}{R_T}}$ $R_T=\frac{8}{{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}g}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_x\frac{343}{d_x^s}$

Here the value of λ is calculated and is difficult to find suitable formula to have only the formula that adopts old steel pipe of She Weiliefu and old cast iron tube.

The λ here is considered to the resistance coefficient of fluid in coarse and old pipe that corrosion is serious, and our syphon tube in a single day use its inner tubal wall be certain to by sandstone grind very smooth, we can say that it is relatively more conservative calculating by this formula, selected below three kinds of calibers of Ф 2m Ф 2.5m Ф 3m are respectively calculated as follows:

R _T2＝0.0151

R _T2.5＝0.00474

R _T3＝0.001761

With above-mentioned R _TThe value substitution

Q ₂=89.15m ³/ s Q _2.5=159.11m ³/ sQ ₃=261m ³/ s

In the syphon tube flowing water exert oneself into:

P ₂Ten thousand kilowatts of=9.81 * 89.15 * 120=10.5

P _2.5Ten thousand kilowatts of=9.81 * 159.11 * 120=18.7

P ₃Ten thousand kilowatts of=9.81 * 261 * 120=30.7

Be not difficult to find out if 7 scouring sluices to also have sluice and dash and float lock, ship lock is is all installed and used this invention technology, can make sand surfing, dash and float and the outer water resources of storage capacity is comprehensively utilized, and reservoir will increase considerable generate output simultaneously.More be not difficult to find out so big suction power in the suction of reservoir bottom, sandstone are to be difficult to enter underwater bed again, add the middle and upper reaches segmentation several places are set, and the silt problem of Three Gorges Reservoir what with anxious again.

The problem of this invention negative effect and existence.

The development of things all has dual character, can produce the one side that positive impact is benefited to the mankind to the society and the mankind, simultaneously adverse influence is arranged also, now is analyzed as follows:

1, because employing the present invention basically can be rough sand that reservoir is deposited, useful place, fine sand Gui Chang are caught and transported to cobble.The sandstone of reservoir underwater bed will lack gradually like this, might impact the river bed straight by current later, might cause the amount of maintenance of river levee to strengthen, and should consider when the technology of the present invention is used in suggestion two sides and the embankment cement injection of drilling is prevented riverbank and the embankment side of stepping on.

2, after row floats the startup of siphon power generating equipment, give near near the suction inlet and cause powerful vortex.Near the certain distance of suction inlet need set up and enclose grid for this reason, causes property and casualties in the pipe in case canoe and swimming people are sucked into.

3, some are endangered precious biological, might be strayed into suction pipe, do the movement of falling object basically and fallen to death after crossing the suction pipe highest point.Suggestion should be studied invention threatening undesired signal for this reason, drives precious biological away from siphon nozzle.

When 4, mortar and drift stream are flowed through syphon tube, dam is produced a pressure, this power and unlatching scouring sluice are possibly little by comparison, but it crosses the dam top, the relative dam root of this power produces a moment, should increase the reinforced concrete knoll at the stationary siphon place, in case to the destruction of dam.

5, reservoir afterbody alluvial problem present technique also can't solve, and this section also must be used the dredger operation, and this technology must have certain height of water.

6, the technology of the present invention water turbine is actually a kind of alleviation as the impulse force of the cobble of crossing the syphon tube highest point being done movement of falling object generation.It is arranged on where to suffer and pounds, and its generating efficiency is unsatisfactory certainly for this reason, and simultaneously according to energy conversion principle, water turbine must be made the very big ability of quality and satisfy normal usage requirement, relatively takes iron and steel for this reason.

7, according to the desilting requirement, the cobble diameter that can pick up is the bigger the better, but calculate according to the transformation of energy formula, it is 120 o'clock at pressure head that diameter reaches 1 meter cobble, the impulse force of impact on turbine blade reaches more than 3000 ton, the diameter of definite for this reason attraction cobble must be limited in 0.5-0.6 rice (Ф 0.5 is more than 300 ton, and Ф 0.6 is 600 tons) suction mortar mouth should add the grid restriction, or divides Ф 0.5m Ф 0.6m many places suction inlet.

8, the fairly simple control that preferably can use a computer of the operation of this technology, but lack the sensor that the mortar mouth is inhaled in undersea surveillance, suggestion can be strengthened the research of these aspects for this reason, the husky ratio of control water that uses a computer as early as possible, and generator frequency.

9, the rotating speed of these water wheels can need not studied high-power many magnetic poles logarithm generator too soon for this reason.

Claims (6)

1, the clear husky siphon power generation system that also can collect sandstone, drift of a kind of reservoir, by dam, dike, syphon tube, silt sucking valve, modulating valve, silt discharging valve, outlet valve, diversion valve, priming pump, water turbine, generator, cobble sieve transveyer, rough sand sieve transveyer, fine sand slurry transport aqueduct, the helix drum machine is formed, it is characterized in that: syphon tube across or cross dam, dike.Be arranged in the both sides of dykes and dams transverse section, an end stretches into bosom, bottom of the reservior or 1-2 rice, reservoir underwater.The end is connected to silt sucking valve or inhales the drift valve, on the syphon tube of distance silt sucking valve certain distance upward to connecing a pipe.Its end connects modulating valve and places and can avoid husky district, is drawn onto the place of clear water.Syphon tube is near being joined by a pipe diversion valve near the water surface, the diversion valve the other end is linked to each other with the priming pump water outlet by pipe again, put in the reservoir water priming pump water sucking mouth, siphonal highest point is joined with outlet valve by a pipe, one section pipe of another termination of outlet valve places air, and the siphonal the other end and the silt discharging valve silt discharging valve the other end that joins is aimed at turbine blade upper spring backing plate.

2, according to the clear husky siphon power generation system that also can collect sandstone and drift of claim 1 described reservoir, it is characterized in that: water turbine is made up of rotor, stator, the backing plate that has blade to support on the rotor, stator is to make 90 ° by steel plate---120 ° of garden arcs link to each other with the frame both sides, constitute the mortar passage, turbine blade turns over from passage.The water turbine axle center is the garden heart of stator arc, and its axle links to each other with generator shaft.

3, the power generation system that also can collect sandstone and drift according to the clear sand of claim 1 described reservoir, its special card is: cobble sieve transveyer is loaded on the mortar passage bottom of water wheels frame and the formation of garden arc.Structure is similar with big template transport airplane with the colliery, just bottom land and group gather the hole of the minimum cobble diameter of classifying surely.

4, according to the husky power generation system that also can collect sandstone and drift of claim 1 described reservoir, it is characterized in that: rough sand sieve transveyer is loaded on below the cobble sieve transveyer, and two machines are basic identical.Different is that the aperture of gathering is littler, be decide minimum coarse sand grain diameter, and the aperture, top of ledge is more greatly.

5, power generation system clear husky according to claim 1 described reservoir and that can collect sandstone and drift is characterized in that: the fine sand slurry transports aqueduct and is installed on below the rough sand sieve transveyer until the battle field, mountain valley, and this aqueduct is horizontally disposed with or descending slightly.

6, it is characterized in that according to the clear husky power generation system that also can collect sandstone and drift of claim 1 described reservoir: a carriage is arranged at the silt sucking valve bottom, also is fixed with the helix drum machine on the carriage, and helix drum is provided with several hard cutter.

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