CN1348987A - Prepn of microbial colony sludge for efficient treatment of sewage - Google Patents
Prepn of microbial colony sludge for efficient treatment of sewage Download PDFInfo
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- CN1348987A CN1348987A CN01129141A CN01129141A CN1348987A CN 1348987 A CN1348987 A CN 1348987A CN 01129141 A CN01129141 A CN 01129141A CN 01129141 A CN01129141 A CN 01129141A CN 1348987 A CN1348987 A CN 1348987A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
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Abstract
This invention relates to a preparation method for microbial colony used for effectively treating urban living sewage and sewage sludge in river bend, lake, marsh enclosed or semi-enclosed water areas. The said method includes the following steps: collecting and culturing of engineering initial bacterial strain, enrich mixed culture of bacterial strain, acclimatized culture of engineering bacteria and expanding culture of acelimatized bacteria. It this invention found is from the microbial growth and metabolic mechanism a preparation method of microbial colony which can high-effectively and high-adaptively treat various sewage sludges.
Description
(1), technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microorganism species preparation method of the mud of efficiently disposing of sewage, promptly a kind ofly be used for handling city domestic sewage and river bend, lake, pond, marsh etc. and do not flow or current seal very slowly or the method for semiclosed waters sewage sludge at current.
(2), technical background
Water surrounding is a most important component in the ball ecological environment, and along with the progress of expanding economy and society, it also is one of them very important problem that water pollutes.The city of China is because industry and commerce is concentrated, densely populated, and the generation of sanitary sewage is big, and the kind of pollutent is many and load is high.80% of municipal effluent is sanitary sewage and based on sewage such as ight soil, putrefactions, the pollution of water surrounding belongs to typical organic contamination type.The organic pollutant that these content are high under harmful microbe control, carries out oxydative spoilage to it and decomposes, and produce a large amount of NH
3, H
2Obnoxious flavour such as S, biogas makes rotten, the blackout of water body, produces strong foul smell, causes the deterioration of the ecological environment, influences the life of city resident's ordinary production, and society and expanding economy are all brought a series of problem.Water pollutes environment is caused serious harm, so the purifying treatment of city domestic sewage is an important content of environment protection, also is an importance that improves the life of urban resident quality.In addition, swift and violent increase along with world's nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer amount, a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition element are in sealings such as lake, reservoir, pond, marsh or semi-enclosed water body and some river waters " enrichment ", under the nutritional condition of surplus, cause water quality deterioration, the disastrous effect that aquatic organism mass mortality, riverbed sludge increase sharply is petered out water resources.The body eutrophication problem has become to solve the key of water pollution problems and environmental protection problem.
In order to address this problem, various sewage works have all been built in present many cities, but chemical process or physical method are adopted in being seen sanitary sewage disposal mostly, these methods not only workload are big, cost cost height is handled very difficultly, also exists to make water body be subjected to the pollution problems second time., countries in the world water resources expert's best approach of all seeking to address this problem.Find that through secular working practice and scientific experimentation nature exists a large amount of microorganism strains resources, " cenobium " be made up of various floras in the wherein eucyclic microbial ecosystem born the major responsibility of material cycle and environment purification.Aspect sewage disposal, microorganism has a high potential to the degraded and the conversion of pollutent, mainly contains following advantages:
1. the microorganism individuality is small, and metabolic rate is fast.
2. microbe species is various, and is widely distributed, and metabolic type is various.
3. microorganism can be synthesized and variously not only had specificity but also have epigamic degrading enzyme, can by its flexibly metabolic regulation mechanism the pollutent in the environment is carried out Degradation and Transformation.
4. microbial reproduction is fast, easily variation, and adaptability is strong.
5. common metabolism plays an important role for the thorough decomposition of difficult degradation pollutent.
Since the eighties, it is a lot of that developed country utilizes microorganism such as bacterium, algae to administer the commercial embodiments of sewage: for example the U.S. combines processing fibre-bearing, carbohydrate and protein with the extracellular enzyme of bacillus culture with the fungi cellulase; Germany is mixed waste water and active sludge in the presence of microbe carrier, makes sewage by microbiological oxidation, thereby reaches the purpose of purifying waste water.But above method ubiquity microorganism culturing condition harshness, DeGrain use problems such as extensive inadequately, and facility investment is big, and weak points such as cost height can not be widely used in the treatment project of large-area sewage sludge.Research thinks that the main reason that causes poor effect is will have after the engineering bacteria of capacity of decomposition adds the sewage sludge that needs to handle, and materials such as the organism of high densitys such as nitrogen, phosphorus, lipid, heavy metal cause afunction and the death of part microorganism in its water surrounding; The microorganism that some that exist in the water surrounding and probiotics are restrained mutually, the adaptive faculty of common engineering bacteria and synergy are not strong, with the process of environmental facies break-in in loss excessive, make its can not be efficiently, the performance of high-quality ground, thereby the objectionable impurities in can't thoroughly disposing of sewage causes and administers failure.
(3), Fa Ming content
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of mud of disposing of sewage efficiently, easily, adaptability is extremely strong in any sewage environment, the useful decomposition mushroom in the local environment is had the preparation method of guiding and synergistic microorganism species.
Find that through secular working practice and scientific experimentation nature exists a large amount of microorganism strains resources, " cenobium " be made up of various floras in the wherein eucyclic microbial ecosystem born the major responsibility of material cycle and environment purification.The many with serious pollution zones of research report exist some microorganisms stronger than detergent power in the home; this detergent power is that any chemistry all can't be compared with physical method, and this mainly is that microorganism forms in the evolution of long period of time process gradually in order to conform.Can the selection of engineering strain be the basic of microbial treatment sewage success, be to administer successful key and comparatively fast adapt to the environment of required processing and play a role.Mechanism efficient, that the high-adaptability microorganism species is disposed of sewage mud of the present invention is microorganism growth and metabolic mechanism.Any microorganism enters a new environment all a process that adapts to gradually, under the constant prerequisite of cell count and cell weight, readjust its small molecules and macromolecular composition and enzyme and cellularstructure composition, this moment, cell count and cell weight were constant, this in stage microorganism to external world the resistibility of physical and chemical factor weaken, if external environment is unfavorable for this microorganism growth, its growth and breeding will be restricted, thus the performance that influence is renderd a service.The present invention is from microorganism growth and metabolic mechanism, through research for many years, found a kind of efficient, microorganism species preparation method that high-adaptability is handled sewage sludge in the various sewage sludges, particularly eutrophic environment.
The present invention is achieved in that to be that a kind of preparation method of microorganism species of the mud of efficiently disposing of sewage can be divided into following four steps:
1. the engineering original strain is gathered and is cultivated: gather original strain from dissimilar Sewage outlet backwater and mud, for example handle sanitary sewage, then from backwater such as the water drain discharge outlet in each city and mud, be sampled as good, at 26-33 ℃, cultivated 5-10 days under the liquid condition of PH=6.5-7.5, in order to quicken the breeding amount of microorganism, can in substratum, add an amount of fertilizer, carbon source for example, nitrogenous source, positive growth factor etc., separate by biochemistry and microscopy again, optimize enrichment culture, obtain original engineering bacteria, can preserve at normal temperatures after the sealing 1-5 month, and maybe can put refrigerating chamber preservation or liquid nitrogen preservation to 2-4 ℃.
2. the enrichment of bacterial classification is mixed cultivates, by weight percentage, with secondary calcium phosphate 0.01-0.02, potassium primary phosphate 0.02-0.05, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.01-0.02, peptone 0.1-0.2, yeast extract paste 0.2-0.5, lime carbonate 0.01-0.02, sodium sulphite 0.005-0.01, ammonium sulfate 0.005-0.01 and the dissolving of water 96.5-98.0 thorough mixing, make substratum, in substratum, add original engineering bacteria by 10% then, keep 6-7.5 at pH value, cultivated 7 days under the condition that the temperature maintenance is 25-33 ℃.
3. the domestication of engineering bacteria is cultivated, and the sewage sludge that needs are handled is added in the substratum by the different load of 1%-90%, carries out according to certain operating parameters, look the different situations of domestication bacteria growing amount and vigor, the domestication condition is adjusted, cultivated 10-20 days, obtain taming flora.
4. the enlarged culturing of domestication flora increases bacterium on a large scale according to the domestication culture condition and cultivates, and makes every milliliter of viable count of microbial inoculum greater than 1,000,000,000.
Microorganism species prepared in accordance with the present invention comprises anerobe, aerophil, amphimicrobe and composition thereof, is preferably genus bacillus, pseudomonas, photosynthetic bacterium, nitrobacteria, yeast and composition thereof.Indivedual single microbial strainss can't provide complete sewage disposal, therefore preferred use two kinds or multiple mixture based on natural microbial, first-selected condition is not contain harmful microorganism, and the mixed strains in the flora can keep the microorganism eubiosis to each other.
The present invention passes through the domestication with the laundering period of engineering bacteria, induce the engineering bacteria localization, make microorganism adapt to ecotope as early as possible, play a role jointly with the native country flora, make it enter exponential phase of growth (cell count is with geometric growth), the self-cleaning and the processing power of efficient engineering bacteria and native country flora are brought into play simultaneously to greatest extent.These microorganisms rely on synergy each other, form one and form complexity, Stability Analysis of Structures, function microflora widely.After the flora after the propagation domestication is rendered in sewage or the mud, just need not to experience again long adaptation and a running in stage, combine together with the flora that needs processing environment and middle script thereof to possess capacity of decomposition rapidly, by continuous propagation, decompose, consume a large amount of organism in the environment, play the effect of pollution treatment.
Among the present invention, the microorganism add-on can change as required, and this depends on as microbe species, sanitary sewage amount, desirable processing speed etc.The amount of microorganism is that every milliliter of waste water contains 10,000 to millions of optimum handling effects that reach, and requirement is not very strict, looks the water body particular case and definite consumption.If need fast processing sewage, then can add more microorganism or in microorganism, add the nutritive substance that impels its growth its capacity of decomposition is strengthened.
(4), embodiment
Below be the present invention to be further specified with embodiment.
Embodiment one: gather engineering strain: engineering bacteria of the present invention is to collect from different sewage or mud, preferably can gather in the need processing environment.The collection of mud is to collect 50-100 gram sample from mud, places sterile vessel; Hydrostatic layer collection water sample in the wide-mouth aseptic bottle is adopted in the collection of water sample, and all samples all should detect in 24 hours, or 4 ℃ of sealings are preserved.
Embodiment two, the engineering original strain is cultivated: according to the fundamental principle of microorganism growth, the nitrogenous source content of microbiological culture media is 1-10%, carbon source is 2-20%, mineral ion 0.05-1%, organism 2-10%, positive growth factor such as VITAMIN, trace element are distilled water for 0.01-0.5%, surplus.
Embodiment three: photosynthetic bacterium separates and the enrichment culture method: (1) photosynthetic bacteria culture medium prescription is (weight percent): ammonium chloride 0.05-0.2, sodium-acetate 0.1-0.2, magnesium chloride 0.01-0.02, calcium chloride 0.01-0.02, monocalcium phosphate 0.02-0.05, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.02-0.05, yeast extract paste 0.02-0.05, distilled water 99.0-99.5.(2) method for separating and concentrating is: it is 7.0 that the pH value of substratum is transferred to, use 115 ℃ of high-temperature sterilizations 20 minutes again, after cooling, add 3-5% sewage or mud to be separated, at temperature 25-30 ℃, anaerobism illumination was cultivated 5-7 days down, and nutrient solution is by the colourless redness that becomes, and then transfer and cultivate 3 times, obtaining wine-colored liquid is photosynthetic bacteria liquid.
In the above-described embodiments, the photosynthetic bacteria culture medium better formula is (weight percent): ammonium chloride 0.1, sodium-acetate 0.2, magnesium chloride 0.02, calcium chloride 0.02, monocalcium phosphate 0.05, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.05, yeast extract paste 0.05, distilled water 99.5.
Embodiment four, the method for separating and concentrating of nitrifier: (1) culture medium prescription (weight percent): glucose 0.5-1, sal epsom 0.01-0.02, potassium primary phosphate 0.01-0.02, lime carbonate 0.2-0.5, distilled water 98.5-99.5.(2) method for separating and concentrating is: the PH of substratum is transferred to 7.0-7.2, use 115 ℃ of high-temperature sterilizations 20 minutes again, after cooling, add 3-5% bed mud or sewage to be separated, at temperature 25-30 ℃, be positioned over the dark place that ventilates and cultivated 3-4 days, nutrient solution is by the colourless yellow that becomes, and then transfer and cultivate 2 times, obtain yellow nitrifier bacterium liquid.
Embodiment five, the method for separating and concentrating of aerophil: (1) culture medium prescription (weight percent): extractum carnis 0.3, peptone 0.5, sodium-chlor 0.5, distilled water 98.7.(2) method for separating and concentrating is: the PH of substratum is transferred to 7.0-7.5, use 115 ℃ of high-temperature sterilizations 20 minutes again, after cooling, add 3-5% bed mud or sewage to be separated, at temperature 25-30 ℃, be positioned over the dark place that ventilates and cultivated 3-4 days, nutrient solution by colourless become faint yellow, and then transfer and cultivate 2 times, obtain light yellow aerophil bacterium liquid.
Embodiment six, the method for separating and concentrating of phosphate solubilizing bacteria: (1) culture medium prescription (weight percent): ground phosphate rock 0.02-0.05, potassium primary phosphate 0.01-0.02, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.01-0.02, peptone 0.3-0.5, sodium-chlor 0.3-0.5, organophosphorus 0.1-0.2, distilled water 98.7-99.4.(2) method for separating and concentrating is: the PH of substratum is transferred to 7.0-7.5, use 115 ℃ of high-temperature sterilizations 20 minutes again, after cooling, add 3-5% bed mud or sewage to be separated, at temperature 25-30 ℃, be positioned over the dark place that ventilates and cultivated 3-4 days, nutrient solution by colourless become faint yellow, and then transfer and cultivate 2 times, obtain light yellow aerophil bacterium liquid.
Embodiment seven, the enrichment mixed culture of engineering bacteria: (1) culture medium prescription (weight percent): secondary calcium phosphate 0.01-0.02, potassium primary phosphate 0.02-0.05, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.01-0.02, peptone 0.1-0.2, yeast extract paste 0.2-0.5, lime carbonate 0.01-0.02, sodium sulphite 0.005-0.01, ammonium sulfate 0.005-0.01 and water 96.5-99.3.(2) cultural method: the PH of substratum is transferred to 7.0-7.5, use 115 ℃ of high-temperature sterilizations 20 minutes again, add original engineering bacteria after cooling, at temperature 25-33 ℃, following cultivation 5-7 days obtains the engineering bacteria flora.
Embodiment eight, and domestication is cultivated: tame with the method that increases sewage in the nutrient solution or mud concentration gradually.Get a series of sample bottles, add the engineering bacteria flora by different mud loads, carry out the test of different load, different organic substance concentrations abreast, the optimum parameter according to the definite domestication of microorganism growth situation repeats 3 times and must tame flora.
Embodiment nine, the domestication enlarged culturing of engineering bacteria: according to the domestication culture parameters, as carbon, the nitrogen ratio of substratum, best pH value, oxygen requirement, parameters such as temperature, determine the substratum composition, behind the adding domestication flora, cultivated 5-7 days down at temperature 25-30 ℃, obtain the domestication microbial inoculum, every milliliter of viable count of microbial inoculum is greater than 1,000,000,000.
Embodiment ten, get 20 kilograms in the mud in smelly pool, suburbs, Shanghai, and the PH of mud is 7.98 before handling, and COD is 172.3, and total nitrogen is 273.2mg/l, and total phosphorus is 2.15.Add the engineering flora, normal temperature and pressure domestication 10-15 days, domestication back microorganism species contains bacterium 2.6 * 10 for every milliliter
9, wherein genus bacillus account for 10%, pseudomonas 15%, photosynthetic bacterium 30%, nitrobacteria 25%, yeast 10%, milk-acid bacteria 5%, actinomycetes 5%.The PH that handles back mud is 7.36, and COD is 102.3, and total nitrogen is 174.2 mg/l, and total phosphorus is 1.04.
Embodiment 11, get 20 liters in the sewage in unit labor cost lake, Chongqing City, and the PH of sewage is 7.84 before handling, and COD is 162.3, and total nitrogen is 193.2mg/l, and total phosphorus is 4.98.Add the engineering flora, domestication was cultivated 10 days, and domestication back microorganism species comprises bacterium 2.1 * 10 for every milliliter
9, wherein genus bacillus 20%, pseudomonas 30%, photosynthetic bacterium 25%, nitrobacteria 10%, yeast 5%, milk-acid bacteria 10%.The PH that handles back sewage is 7.24, and COD is 98.3, and total nitrogen is 93.2mg/l, and total phosphorus is 2.11.
Embodiment 12, get the Chongqing City than 20 liters of certain fish pond waters, and the PH of water is 7.63 before handling, and COD is 197.3, and total nitrogen is 236.2mg/l.Add the engineering flora, domestication was cultivated 10 days, and domestication back microorganism species comprises bacterium 1.5 * 10 for every milliliter
9, wherein genus bacillus 25%, pseudomonas 30%, photosynthetic bacterium 40%, yeast 5%.The PH that handles back sewage is 7.31, and COD is 99.7, and total nitrogen is 107.2mg/l.
Embodiment 13, get the Chongqing City than 20 liters of certain food processing plant's sewage effluents, and the PH of water is 6.54 before handling, and COD is 234.3, oleaginousness 750mg/l.Add the engineering flora, domestication was cultivated 10 days, and domestication back microorganism species comprises bacterium 2.4 * 10 for every milliliter
9, wherein genus bacillus 35%, pseudomonas 40%, photosynthetic bacterium 15%, yeast 10%.The PH that handles back sewage is 7.04, and COD is 78.7, and oleaginousness is 12.3mg/l.
Effect of the present invention can further specify by the contrast experiment to sewage disposal:
Sewage disposal comparative example 1:
Chongqing City's Sewage outlet is taken a sample 10 liters and is carried out the water quality managemental experiment, and method one is directly thrown in for engineering bacteria, and method two is thrown in for the domestication back, and the treatment time is 7 days, and the result is as follows:
PH COD ammonia nitrogen total nitrogen dissolved oxygen total phosphorus suspended substance
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (SS) handle preceding 7.82 96.24 77.10 149.7 1.74 2.72 60 methods, one 7.36 45.73 70.32 127.3 2.86 2.54 54 method twos, 7.14 8.14 55.71 101.7 4.53 2.07 39 sewage disposal comparative examples 2: Chongqing district Sewage outlet, get bed mud and carry out managemental experiment for 5 kilograms, method is the same, and the result is as follows.
PH | COD | Ammonia nitrogen (mg/l) | Total nitrogen (mg/l) | Total phosphorus (mg/l) | |
Before the processing | 7.97 | 126.24 | 97.10 | 189.7 | 3.85 |
Method one | 7.55 | 72.61 | 75.31 | 149.32 | 3.08 |
Method two | 7.04 | 28.14 | 58.71 | 107.4 | 2.23 |
Sewage disposal comparative example 3:
Outskirts of a town, Shenyang City Sewage outlet is taken a sample 10 liters and carry out the water quality managemental experiment in June, 2000, and method is thrown in for the domestication back, and the treatment time is 7 days, and the result is as follows:
PH COD suspended substance total phosphorus and total nitrogen
(SS) (mg/l) (mg/l) handles preceding 7.93 124.65 75 4.12 167.8 and handles back 7.23 31.65 37 2.48 98.7 sewage disposal comparative examples 4: Chongqing district Sewage outlet, get mud and carry out managemental experiment for 5 kilograms, method is the same, and the result is as follows:
PH COD ammonia nitrogen total nitrogen total phosphorus
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) handles preceding 7.97 126.24 97.10 189.7 3.85 methods, one 7.55 72.61 75.31 149.32 3.08 method twos 7.04 28.14 58.71 107.4 2.23
Sewage disposal comparative example 5
Suburb, Guangzhou Sewage outlet is got mud and is carried out managemental experiment for 5 kilograms, and method is the same, and the result is as follows:
PH COD ammonia nitrogen total nitrogen total phosphorus
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) handles total effect that preceding 8.17 166.42 127.08 213.81 3.75 methods, one 7.65 92.46 85.17 176.23 2.98 method twos, 7.17 58.11 64.36 127.31 2.17 present method are used to dispose of sewage and is summarized as follows:
Can be used as agricultural irrigation or industrial colling after the sewage disposal.
Elimination factor % | COD of the present invention | Total nitrogen | ??BOD | Total phosphorus | Suspended substance |
??60-90 | ??50-80 | ??50-85 | ??40-70 | ??50-90 |
Claims (3)
1, a kind of preparation method of microorganism species of the mud of efficiently disposing of sewage can be divided into following four steps:
(1). the engineering original strain is gathered and is cultivated: gather original strain from dissimilar Sewage outlet backwater and mud, at 26-33 ℃, cultivated 5-10 days under the liquid condition of PH=6.5-7.5, separate by biochemistry and microscopy again, optimize enrichment culture, obtain original engineering bacteria, can preserve at normal temperatures after the sealing 1-5 month, maybe can put refrigerating chamber preservation or liquid nitrogen preservation to 2-4 ℃.
(2). the enrichment of bacterial classification is mixed cultivates: by weight percentage, with secondary calcium phosphate 0.01-0.02, potassium primary phosphate 0.02-0.05, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.01-0.02, peptone 0.1-0.2, yeast extract paste 0.2-0.5, lime carbonate 0.01-0.02, sodium sulphite 0.005-0.01, ammonium sulfate 0.005-0.01 and the dissolving of water 96.5-98.0 thorough mixing, make substratum, in substratum, add original engineering bacteria by 10% then, keep 6-7.5 at pH value, cultivated 7 days under the condition that the temperature maintenance is 25-33 ℃.
(3). the domestication of engineering bacteria is cultivated, and the sewage sludge that needs are handled is added in the substratum by the different load of 1%-90%, cultivates 10-20 days, obtains taming flora.
(4). the enlarged culturing of domestication flora, increase bacterium on a large scale according to the domestication culture condition and cultivate, make every milliliter of viable count of microbial inoculum greater than 1,000,000,000.
2, the preparation method of the microorganism species of the mud of efficiently disposing of sewage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: microorganism species comprises anerobe, aerophil, amphimicrobe and composition thereof; Be preferably genus bacillus, pseudomonas, photosynthetic bacterium, nitrobacteria, yeast and composition thereof; Preferably use more than two kinds mixture based on natural microbial.
3. the preparation method of the microorganism species of the mud of efficiently disposing of sewage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (1) in order to quicken the breeding amount of microorganism, can cultivate at the substratum of carbonaceous sources, nitrogenous source, positive growth factor, the nitrogenous source content of microbiological culture media is 1-10%, carbon source is 2-20%, mineral ion 0.05-1%, organism 2-10%, positive growth factor such as VITAMIN, trace element are distilled water for 0.01-0.5%, surplus.
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