CN1323261C - 一种可燃粉体旋流燃烧器 - Google Patents

一种可燃粉体旋流燃烧器 Download PDF

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CN1323261C
CN1323261C CNB2005100797024A CN200510079702A CN1323261C CN 1323261 C CN1323261 C CN 1323261C CN B2005100797024 A CNB2005100797024 A CN B2005100797024A CN 200510079702 A CN200510079702 A CN 200510079702A CN 1323261 C CN1323261 C CN 1323261C
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CN1710333A (zh
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王明坤
李兵科
刘孝弟
王军
郭进军
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Changzheng Engineering Co Ltd
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Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute
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Abstract

一种可燃粉体旋流燃烧器，文中可燃粉体均以煤粉为例。燃烧器中心径向往外依次是一次冷却夹套、二次冷却夹套和三次冷却夹套，三层夹套同轴心布置；一次冷却夹套中心***点火装置，一次冷却夹套端盖上布置火焰监测器；夹套中的空间和相邻夹套管壁与管壁之间的空间，依次形成燃料气通道、一次冷却通道、氧化剂通道、二次冷却通道、可燃粉体通道和三次冷却通道；燃料气输送管与气化剂输送管并联接入燃料气通道，两种气体输送的切换通过阀门控制，氧化剂通道出口处加装旋流装置，煤粉采用2～5根煤粉管输送，煤粉管在可燃粉体通道中沿圆周均布，螺旋缠绕在二次冷却夹套外壁，煤粉在煤粉管出口处旋流喷出。本发明实现了较高燃烧效率和气化效率。

Description

一种可燃粉体旋流燃烧器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃烧器，特别是一种用于气化炉和加热炉的以可燃粉体为燃料的旋流燃烧器。
背景技术
现有的煤气化技术中，以Texaco与Shell的工艺比较成熟，在国内很多厂家得到应用，两者在燃烧器设计方面各有特色。其中Texaco气化炉燃烧器以水煤浆为燃料，该燃烧器分为三层通道，中心通道介质为氧气，第二层通道介质为水煤浆，最外层通道介质仍为氧气。这种结构的燃烧器已很成熟，但也有自身的不足：(1)水煤浆对喷头有很强的磨损，因此必须经常更换磨损部件(磨损部件寿命一般为30～60天)；(2)水煤浆与氧气采用直流结构使得燃烧火焰较长，相应炉体长度也增加；(3)燃烧器使用盘管冷却结构，在拆装时极易造成损坏；(4)燃烧器点火方式采用预热燃烧器对炉体内耐火砖加热，炉膛温度达到水煤浆的燃烧温度后进行切换，对水煤浆点火，点火方式操作繁琐；(5)此结构要求煤能制作成高浓度，高稳定性，流变特性好的水煤浆，要求煤磨成按一定粒度分布的煤浆，为了改善水煤浆的特性，还要加入一定量的添加剂，即使如此，仍有部分煤种不适宜制成水煤浆，使用范围受到局限。
Shell煤粉气化设备以燃料为干煤粉，采用高压氮气输送入气化炉，对煤种的适用范围宽，对煤的粒度、黏结性、含硫量、含氧量及灰份含量不敏感，其结构由四套燃烧器沿圆周均布在炉子中下部，四套燃烧器在炉内形成对冲火焰，合成气从气化炉上端排放，炉渣从下端排放。Shell燃烧器的不足是：(1)虽然结构简单，采用直流结构，火焰较长，但本身未带点火装置，需在气化炉内另加点火装置进行点火；(2)Shell燃烧器煤粉与氧气的混合过程主要靠炉内的四对冲结构来实现，未加旋流结构，单个燃烧器无法单独工作，因此Shell燃烧器适用范围小，只适用于火焰对冲结构的炉体。
发明内容
本发明的技术解决问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种雾化效果好，使用寿命长，结构紧凑，火焰粗壮，燃烧效率高，适用范围广泛的可燃粉体旋流燃烧器。
本发明的技术方案：可燃粉体旋流燃烧器，其特点在于：燃烧器中心径向往外依次是一次冷却夹套、二次冷却夹套和三次冷却夹套，三层夹套同轴心布置；一次冷却夹套中心***点火装置，一次冷却夹套端盖上布置火焰监测器；夹套中的空间和相邻夹套管壁与管壁之间的空间，依次形成燃料气通道、一次冷却通道、氧化剂通道、二次冷却通道、可燃粉体通道和三次冷却通道；燃料气输送管与气化剂输送管并联接入燃料气通道，两种气体输送的切换通过阀门控制，氧化剂通道出口处加装旋流装置，煤粉采用2～5根煤粉管输送，煤粉管在可燃粉体通道中沿圆周均布，螺旋缠绕在二次冷却夹套外壁，煤粉在煤粉管出口处旋流喷出。
本发明的原理：燃料气经点火棒点燃，用燃料气火焰点燃煤粉，将燃料气通道内的燃料气置换成气化剂。煤粉分为2～5根煤粉管由辅助气体作为载体输送，煤粉管在可燃粉体通道内沿圆周均布，每根管均螺旋缠绕在二次冷却夹套外壁，选取合适的螺距避免煤粉淤积和形成较大的流阻。煤粉管螺旋缠绕是为了使煤粉具有切向速度，保证煤粉喷出时形成旋流。氧化剂通道出口处布置氧化剂旋流装置，氧化剂经旋流后喷出，遇到煤粉与气化剂后，三者迅速混合。粉体与氧化剂均采用旋流方式喷出是为了加快混合速度，对组织燃烧有利，同时燃烧火焰变短，***。火焰对燃烧器的辐射很强，因此每层管路外壁都设置有冷却夹套进行保护，夹套内的介质可以是水或其他冷却介质。中心点火棒在点燃煤粉后可撤出，避免高温辐射对点火装置的损坏，点火棒口用法兰盖堵死。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：
(1)将点火，火焰监测和正常工作三种功能集于一体，适合不同结构的炉型使用，应用范围广泛。点火棒在点燃煤粉后可以撤出，避免烧蚀；
(2)设置有多层冷却结构，气体介质通道和煤粉通道都有冷却夹套保护，大大延长了燃烧器使用寿命；
(3)煤粉采用2～5根煤粉管输送，可以通过增加或减少管子数量实现对煤粉输送量的调节，从而调节燃烧器的工作负荷；
(4)煤粉管采用螺旋盘管形式，煤粉喷出时可以形成很强烈的旋流，加快煤粉与氧化剂的混合速度，燃烧时形成短而粗的火焰，减少炉体长度。选取合适的螺距避免煤粉堵塞管路和形成较大的流阻；
(5)气化剂管路与燃料气管路并接后通过一根管连接一次风道，两种气体切换由阀门控制完成。接入气化剂是为了避免燃料气停止供料后，火焰在燃料气通道内形成回流，同时气化剂可对一次风道起到冷却保护作用；
(6)氧化剂出口设置旋流装置，加快氧化剂与煤粉的混合速度。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
其中，1.点火棒，2.燃料气通道，3.一次冷却夹套，4.一次冷却夹套的冷却介质出口，5.一次冷却夹套的夹板，6.氧化剂进口，7.二次冷却夹套，8.氧化剂通道，9.二次冷却夹套的冷却介质进口，10.二次冷却夹套的夹板，11.二次冷却夹套和三次冷却夹套之间的端盖，12.三次冷却夹套的冷却介质进口，13.三次冷却夹套，14.可燃粉体通道，15.三次冷却夹套外层通道，16.三次冷却夹套的夹板，17.三次冷却夹套内层通道，18.安装法兰，19.三次冷却夹套冷却介质出口，20.螺旋煤粉管，21.二次冷却夹套外层通道，22.二次冷却夹套冷却介质出口，23.二次冷却夹套内层通道，24.二次冷却夹套端盖，25.一次冷却夹套外层通道，26.一次冷却夹套内层通道，27.一次冷却夹套冷却介质进口，28.燃料气和气化剂进口，29.一次冷却夹套端盖，30.火焰监测装置，31.氧化剂旋流装置
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明燃烧器中心设置有一次冷却夹套3，一次冷却夹套3中心***点火棒1，一次冷却夹套的端盖29上布置火焰监测装置30；燃料气管路与气化剂管路并接入一根管道，与进口28连接，进口28与一次风道2连接，燃料气和气化剂通过阀门进行切换；氧化剂从氧化剂进口6流入，通过氧化剂通道8后喷出；一次冷却夹套3往外是二次冷却夹套7，二次冷却夹套7外壁螺旋缠绕2～5根煤粉管20，煤粉通过煤粉管旋流喷出；燃烧器最外层布置三次冷却夹套13；冷却介质分别从一次冷却夹套冷却介质进口27、二次冷却夹套冷却介质进口9和三次冷却夹套冷却介质进口12进入通道后，由通道外层流入内层，最后分别从一次冷却夹套的冷却介质出口4、二次冷却夹套的冷却介质出口19和三次冷却夹套的冷却介质出口22流出；一次冷却夹套3、二次冷却夹套7和三次冷却夹套13依次分别由一次冷却夹套的夹板5、二次冷却夹套的夹板10、三次冷却夹套的夹板16分为内外两层，冷却介质从外层进入，内层流出；相邻夹套管壁与管壁之间的空间，夹套内壁与夹板之间的空间，依次形成燃料气通道2、一次冷却夹套外层通道25、一次冷却夹套内层通道26、氧化剂通道8、二次冷却夹套外层通道21、二次冷却夹套内层通道23、可燃粉体通道14、三次冷却夹套外层通道15和三次冷却夹套内层通道17，氧化剂通道8出口处可加装氧化剂旋流装置31。整个燃烧器由安装法兰18固定于炉头。
火焰监测装置30能穿过气体介质，感应火焰区域高温。氧化剂旋流装置31由扇形叶片弯折后沿圆周均匀焊接于管壁上制作而成。煤粉管、旋流叶片和冷却夹套头部均采用耐高温、耐冲刷的合金材料，例如HAYNES 188合金。点火棒1和火焰监测装置30可以外购。三次冷却夹套13可以用冷却盘管代替，冷却盘管分内外两层，冷却介质从外层冷却盘管流入燃烧器外壳头部一侧进口处，循环后从头部另一侧出口处流入内层冷却盘管排走。但冷却盘管结构比较复杂，拆装时易造成损坏。
本发明工作过程：燃料气通道2在点火时充入燃料气，氧化剂通道8供应适量氧化剂。燃料气经点火棒1点燃后，打开煤粉进料阀门，同时逐渐增加氧化剂的供应量。利用燃料气的火焰将煤粉点燃，然后逐渐减小燃料气流量，打开气化剂进料阀门并逐渐增加其流量。最后停止燃料气供气，此时燃料气通道2流过的介质为气化剂。煤粉分为2～5根煤粉管由辅助气体作为载体输送，煤粉管20在可燃粉体通道14内沿圆周均布，螺旋缠绕在二次冷却夹套7外壁。正常工作时，点火棒1可撤出。在整个工作过程中，三层冷却夹套内始终有冷却介质通过，以保护燃烧器。燃烧器结束燃烧时，先停止煤粉进料，最后停止氧化剂进料。

Claims (3)

1、可燃粉体旋流燃烧器，其特征在于：燃烧器中心径向往外依次是一次冷却夹套、二次冷却夹套和三次冷却夹套，三层夹套同轴心布置；一次冷却夹套中心***点火装置，一次冷却夹套端盖上布置火焰监测器；夹套中的空间和相邻夹套管壁与管壁之间的空间，依次形成燃料气通道、一次冷却通道、氧化剂通道、二次冷却通道、可燃粉体通道和三次冷却通道；燃料气输送管与气化剂输送管并联接入燃料气通道，两种气体输送的切换通过阀门控制；氧化剂通道出口处加装旋流装置，煤粉采用2～5根煤粉管输送，煤粉管在可燃粉体通道中沿圆周均布，螺旋缠绕在二次冷却夹套外壁，煤粉在煤粉管出口处旋流喷出。
2、根据权利要求1所述的可燃粉体旋流燃烧器，其特征在于：所述的一次冷却夹套、二次冷却夹套和三次冷却夹套由一环形套筒中间加装一层夹板组成，夹板将套筒分为内外两层通道。
3、根据权利要求1所述的可燃粉体旋流燃烧器，其特征在于：所述的三次冷却夹套可以采用冷却盘管替代，冷却盘管分为内外两层，外层盘管为冷却介质进料管，内层盘管为冷却介质出料管。
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CN106190329A (zh) * 2016-08-26 2016-12-07 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 煤粉烧嘴
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CN108728168A (zh) * 2017-04-14 2018-11-02 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 一种气化烧嘴
CN110577846B (zh) * 2019-09-12 2021-02-05 杨建平 燃烧***及烧嘴

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CN1073472A (zh) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-23 赫彻斯特股份公司 用于生产合成气的燃烧器
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Contract record no.: X2024980002102

Denomination of invention: A combustible powder swirl burner

Granted publication date: 20070627

License type: Common License

Record date: 20240220

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20051221

Assignee: Xinjiang Zhongneng Lvyuan Chemical Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: CHANGZHENG ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

Contract record no.: X2024980002193

Denomination of invention: A combustible powder swirl burner

Granted publication date: 20070627

License type: Common License

Record date: 20240223

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20051221

Assignee: Inner Mongolia Zhuozheng Coal Chemical Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: CHANGZHENG ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

Contract record no.: X2024980002255

Denomination of invention: A combustible powder swirl burner

Granted publication date: 20070627

License type: Common License

Record date: 20240227

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract
EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20051221

Assignee: FUJIAN EVERSUN TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: CHANGZHENG ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

Contract record no.: X2024980002754

Denomination of invention: A combustible powder swirl burner

Granted publication date: 20070627

License type: Common License

Record date: 20240313

EE01 Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract

Application publication date: 20051221

Assignee: Fujian Haichen Chemical Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: CHANGZHENG ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

Contract record no.: X2024980007800

Denomination of invention: A combustible powder swirl burner

Granted publication date: 20070627

License type: Common License

Record date: 20240624