CN1301061C - Three-stage composite pretreating method for delaying fresh time of putresible fruit and vegetable - Google Patents
Three-stage composite pretreating method for delaying fresh time of putresible fruit and vegetable Download PDFInfo
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- CN1301061C CN1301061C CNB200510040869XA CN200510040869A CN1301061C CN 1301061 C CN1301061 C CN 1301061C CN B200510040869X A CNB200510040869X A CN B200510040869XA CN 200510040869 A CN200510040869 A CN 200510040869A CN 1301061 C CN1301061 C CN 1301061C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a three-stage composite pretreating method for prolonging the freshness keeping period of fruits and vegetables which can be easily rotted. The method belongs to the technical field of the preservation and the freshness of fruits and vegetables. The method has a main process: after the fruits and the vegetables are picked, raw material is conventionally chosen, washed and graded, the temperature of the raw material is rapidly decreased by controlling water and rapidly cooling in a vacuum mode to decrease the respiration action of the fruits and the vegetables. Then, the enzyme activity of the fruits and the vegetables can be passivated by the moisture structuralization of high pressure mixed gas. Finally, the rotting rate of the fruits and the vegetables is decreased by a nano silver antibiotic coating film to achieve the freshness goal of a medium period and a long period. The present invention has the advantages that the loss of the fruits and the vegetables is decreased to a minimum degree to achieve optimal quality and a longest storing and freshness keeping period by a three-stage composite pretreating measure.
Description
Technical field
A kind of three sections composite pretreating methods that prolong the perishable preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing phase.Belong to the fruits and vegetable stock and preserving freshness field.
Background technology
Fruits and vegetables remain lived body in storage, need the infringement of opposing poor environment and pathogenic microorganisms, could keep quality, reduce loss, prolong storage period.Therefore, in storage, must keep the normal activities of fresh fruit of vegetables, reduce the variation of outward appearance, color and luster, weight, hardness, taste, fragrance etc., as far as possible to reach fresh-keeping purpose.
Be used for fresh fruit of vegetables preservation and freshness pretreating process on producing at present, mainly contain following several: 1) vacuum pre-cooling; 2) heat treatment; 3) film; 4) radiation; 5) chemical agent processing etc.The conventional vacuum precooling is removed field heat fast owing to have the fruits and vegetables of making, and reduces the respiratory metabolism of fruits and vegetables, is subjected to extensive concern in developed country; To some fruits and vegetables that suffer the fungi infringement in storage easily, important role has been brought into play in heat treatment; Coating-film fresh-keeping is handled, because method is simple, cost is low, and is effective and be applied; Radiation has special effect to some fruits and vegetables, as suppressing garlic, potato sprouting; Chemical treatment is used extensively some belt leathers, band shell fruit vegetables because effect is remarkable.
The subject matter that fruits and vegetables occur in the preservation and freshness process is of inferior quality for aging, corruption and product qualitative change.
Fruits and vegetables just enter the old and feeble stage from the beginning of gathering, and show intracellular nucleic sugar body decreased number, and chloroplaset begins collapse, and mitochondria reduces, cell senescence, and storage tolerance is not perishable.Therefore, the aging after inhibition is adopted is also of crucial importance.Mainly based on the control temperature, part adopts controlled pressure, plant growth regulator, chemical treatment etc. to present antidotal preliminary treatment preservation method.Li Shiping, high auspicious pink cloud etc. are material with the celery; (GA) handles with external source gibberellin; GA is studied the influence of the aging course of celery; the result shows that GA can be by suppressing the lipid peroxidation of celery; protection membrane structure integrality; stop the chlorophyllous degraded of celery, delay the aging of celery.
At present anti-corrupt preliminary treatment preservation method is mainly based on chemical preservative, and method mainly contains absorption, solution and soaks, fumigates etc.But because the existence of residues of pesticides problem, research has begun to turn to the aspect of crude antistaling agent.
Suppress at present the bad preliminary treatment preservation method of product qualitative change mainly contain film, heat treatment, ultra high pressure treatment etc.Single processing often is difficult to the storage fresh-keeping effect that reaches desirable, and the heat treatment meeting causes the fruits and vegetables dehydration, and unsuitable filming can make fruits and vegetables produce anaerobic respiration; Radiation makes fruits and vegetables produce peculiar smell easily, and has safety issue; The chemical treatment meeting causes exceeding standard of some additive etc., and safety issue is equally also arranged; Ultra high pressure treatment is because apparatus expensive, and cost is high and hindered its popularization.
Nano Silver is to be the novel antibacterial material that foundation development forms with the nanometer technology, because quantum effect, small-size effect and have great specific area, thereby have traditional inorganic antiseptic incomparable excellent antibacterial effect and security, be a kind ofly to have long-lasting and antiseptic weatherability.Nano Silver mainly was applied in the following areas or studied present stage: the 1) application in burn and scald, grafting for burns treatment.As people such as Jiang Huiqing (2001) once with in the Nano Silver application of dressing for burn treatment.With the paired observation of contrast in find that Nano Silver dressing has lasting sterilization characteristics and curative effect antibiotic significantly, that promote wound healing, the effect of its control infection obviously has antibacterial or bactericidal action to kind of a microorganism surplus 40.People such as Yu Xuming (2002) had once delivered the article of " UR of nano silver antibiotic dressing in grafting for burns ".They are divided into nanometer dressing district and chloramphenicol petrolatum gauze district and wrapping simultaneously, record wound infection rate, skin graft healing time and healing rate with skin-grafting area.The result with Nano Silver dressing district trauma surface infestation be starkly lower than that chloramphenicol district, healing time are short than the check plot, healing rate is than the check plot height.Its conclusion is that nano silver antibiotic dressing is used for grafting for burns wrapping and has significant curative effect.2) application in operation, bedsore and the chronic infection surface of a wound.Journey man has doted on (2001), Hongjun ZHU (2003), Chen Wen people such as (2002) SEPARATE APPLICATION about Adhesive bandage with nm silver fibric layer, Nano Silver trauma plaster and has been applied to wound, skin, operation and the patent of aspects such as treatment infection of incisional wound.3) another important use of Nano Silver is in textile industry: add nanometer SiO in the synthetic fibers resin
2, nano-ZnO, nanometer SiO
2Composite powder body material through reeling off raw silk from cocoons, weaving cotton cloth, can be made into the underwear and the clothes of sterilization, mildew-resistant, deodorizing and ultra-violet radiation resisting, can be used for making antibacterial underwear, articles for use, can make the functional fibre of the ultra-violet radiation resisting that satisfies the national defense industry requirement.
Adopt accurate Nano Silver to fresh-keeping existing report (Zhang Min of vegetable juice etc.; 2003; Wuxi Light Industry Univ.'s journal); the simple Nano Silver (Nano Silver commodity AGS10000/AGS5000/AGS1000/AGS500/AGS100/AGS50, Shanghai Huzheng Nano-Tech Co., Ltd.) that adopts does not appear in the newspapers aspect preserving active.The antibiotic antiseptic effect effect of Nano Silver is obvious, but its limitation in preservation and freshness is can not suppress live body to breathe, and control is old and feeble and the product qualitative change is bad.
Control water vacuum cooled method is to adopt the vacuum cooled method of taking all factors into consideration evaporation of control raw material moisture and rate of temperature fall (to deviate from moisture 1-3%, by the control vacuum pressure, scope is 300-1500Pa) the simple effect of adopting control water vacuum cooled method, can reach fast cooling, breathe thereby effectively suppress live body, but spoilage organisms is not had killing action.
Utilize argon, krypton, xenon to carry out moisture structuring processing and can reduce enzymatic activity because of it, therefore the good (Zhang of effect Min etc. on the cutting fruits and vegetables, number of patent application 200310112743.X, patent publication No. CN1554247A), but simple moisture structuring is handled and can not be controlled live body because of it and breathe and suppress spoilage organisms, and therefore general only have the application may in the short-term of 1-7 days shelf life is fresh-keeping.
Summary of the invention
Three sections composite pretreating methods that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fresh-keeping perishable fruits and vegetables of midium or long term; be used for the preservation and freshness of fresh perishable fruits and vegetables; mainly loss height, storage period lack in the existing preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing preconditioning technique of solution, the fruit vegetables storing quality descends a fast difficult problem; this preprocess method is simple and practical, is convenient to large-scale production and uses.
Technical solution: perishable fruits and vegetables are because it has higher respiratory intensity and enzymatic activity after adopting, therefore in the fruit vegetables storing process, can produce dehydration, lignifying, rot, multiple unfavorable symptom such as nutriment loss, need carry out preliminary treatment before the fresh-retaining preserving to perishable fruits and vegetables.At the problem that exists in the above production, the present invention adopts three sections composite pretreating methods, at first adopts control water vacuum method for quick cooling, when removing the fruits and vegetables field heat, makes the metabolic activity of fruits and vegetables drop to lower level; Handle the moisture structuring that makes in the fruits and vegetables with carbon dioxide and xenon high pressure mixed gas again, make in the fruits and vegetables with biochemical reaction etc. and reduce with the old and feeble relevant enzyme activity of fruits and vegetables; Film with nanometer silver antimicrobial at last, not only help the maintenance of moisture during the fruit vegetables storing, and reduced because corrupt microbial rotting.
Prolong three sections composite pretreating methods of perishable preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing phase, carry out to plucking back fresh fruit of vegetables raw material that routine is selected, after the washing, classification, at first fruits and vegetables are controlled the water vacuum and cool off fast, carry out the moisture structuring with high pressure mixed gas again and carry out the nanometer silver antimicrobial three sections compound preliminary treatment of filming.
Control water vacuum is cooled off fast: adopt the 300--1500Pa absolute pressure, make the fruits and vegetables temperature drop to 2-5 ℃ in 5-15min, control moisture is deviate from amount in 3%.
Moisture structuring: continue that with carbon dioxide and xenon high pressure mixed gas fruits and vegetables are carried out the moisture structuring and handle, the volume ratio of carbon dioxide and xenon is 20-80: 80-20, processing pressure is 0.5-3.0MPa, and processing time 12-48 hour, treatment temperature was 2-15 ℃.
Nanometer silver antimicrobial is filmed: nanometer silvering solution concentration is 30-300ppm, Nano Silver granularity 10-50nm, and the nano silver coating thickness of fruit and vegetable surfaces is the 8-20 micron.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: compare with the background technology of single processing method, the present invention adopts three sections composite pretreating methods to perishable fruits and vegetables, greatly reduces the metabolism of fruits and vegetables and the activity of fruits and vegetables desmoenzyme.Compare with the background technology of the existing raising fruit vegetables storing period of using always, the present invention adopts three sections composite pretreating methods, and the weight-loss ratio that can make perishable fruits and vegetables is less than 1%, and rotting rate is less than 2%, the fresh-retaining preserving phase prolongs more than one times, keeps the original quality of fresh fruit of vegetables substantially.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the controlled atmospheric packing (MAP) of honey peach is fresh-keeping after the medium-term and long-term fresh-keeping three sections compound preliminary treatment of employing
Select fresh; do not have and rot; maturity is at eight-ninety percent honey peach (Chaoyang); at first raw material is put into control water vacuum cooled machine; vacuum pressure is 1500Pa; time is 5min; temperature is reduced to 3 ℃; control moisture is deviate from amount in 3%; rapidly honey peach is transferred to high-pressure carbon dioxide; xenon mist ratio is in 1: 4 the container; pressure is controlled at about 3.0MPa, and the time is 36 hours, and temperature is 2-15 ℃; subsequently raw material is sent to the 30ppm Nano Silver (AGS100 that has prepared by conveyer belt; Shanghai Huzheng Nano-Tech Co., Ltd.'s production) in the liquid tank, the time is 5min, makes about 20 microns of nano silver coating thickness.Through pretreated raw material, feed 400 gram/bags, distribution packing, initial CO with 400mm * 300mm * 10 μ mMAP packing boxes (membrane material is compound OPP film)
2Concentration is 5% and O
2Concentration is 3%, and all the other are nitrogen; In temperature is 2 ℃ of down storages, after tested, in 10 days storage period the catalatic enzyme work of treatment samples only be in the same old way about 50%, shelf life can reach more than 80 days.
Embodiment 2: the ice temperature high humidity of asparagus is fresh-keeping after the medium-term and long-term fresh-keeping three sections compound preliminary treatment of employing
Select fresh; there is not the head of loosing; the asparagus that collecting time is no more than three hours (UC800); bamboo shoot length keeps 22-24cm; at first raw material is put into control water vacuum cooled machine; vacuum pressure is 1000Pa; time is 10min; temperature is reduced to 2 ℃; control moisture is deviate from amount in 3%; rapidly asparagus is transferred to high-pressure carbon dioxide; xenon mist ratio is in 1: 1 the container; pressure is controlled at about 2.0MPa, and the time is 48 hours, and temperature is 2-15 ℃; subsequently raw material is sent to the 150ppm Nano Silver (AGS500 that has prepared by conveyer belt; Shanghai Huzheng Nano-Tech Co., Ltd.'s production) in the liquid tank, the time is 3 minutes, makes about 15 microns of nano silver coating thickness.Through pretreated raw material, pack in the LDPE packaging bag of 450mm * 350mm, with rubber band system mouth, in being 5 ℃ freezer, temperature preserves, after tested, in 10 days storage period the catalatic enzyme work of treatment samples only be in the same old way about 30%, in 15 days storage period the work of the enzyme of the superoxide dismutase of treatment samples only be in the same old way about 50%, shelf life can reach more than 60 days.
Embodiment 3: adopt the CA controlled atmosphere of pestering after medium-term and long-term fresh-keeping three sections compound preliminary treatment
Select fresh; nothing is opened diffusing; the agaricus bisporus (shen green) of collecting time in three hours; remove the mushroom handle; clean; the drop branch that anhydrates; raw material is put into control water vacuum cooled machine; vacuum pressure is 300Pa; time is 15min, and temperature is reduced to 4 ℃, and control moisture is deviate from amount in 3%; rapidly mushroom is transferred to high-pressure carbon dioxide; xenon mist ratio is in 4: 1 the container; pressure is controlled at about 0.5MPa, and the time is 24 hours, and temperature is 2-15 ℃; subsequently raw material is sent to the 300ppm Nano Silver (AGS500 that has prepared by conveyer belt; Shanghai Huzheng Nano-Tech Co., Ltd.'s production) in the liquid tank, the time is 2 minutes, makes about 8 microns of nano silver coating thickness.Through pretreated raw material, in the LDPE packaging bag of the 500mm * 300mm that packs into,, be transferred in the air-conditioned cold store with rubber band system mouth, the storehouse temperature is 2 ℃, CO in the storehouse
2And O
2Concentration be controlled at respectively about 8% and 5%, after tested, in 10 days storage period the catalatic enzyme work of treatment samples only be in the same old way about 40%, shelf life can reach more than 20 days.
Claims (1)
1. three sections composite pretreating methods that prolong the perishable preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing phase, it is characterized in that carrying out to plucking back fresh fruit of vegetables raw material that routine is selected, after the washing, classification, at first fruits and vegetables are controlled the water vacuum and cool off fast, carry out the moisture structuring with high pressure mixed gas again and carry out the nanometer silver antimicrobial three sections compound preliminary treatment of filming;
(A) control water vacuum is cooled off fast: adopt the 300-1500Pa absolute pressure, make the fruits and vegetables temperature drop to 2-5 ℃ in 5-15min, control moisture is deviate from amount in 3%;
(B) moisture structuring: continue that with carbon dioxide and xenon high pressure mixed gas fruits and vegetables are carried out the moisture structuring and handle, the volume ratio of carbon dioxide and xenon is 20-80: 80-20, processing pressure is 0.5-3.0MPa, and processing time 12-48 hour, treatment temperature was 2-15 ℃;
(C) nanometer silver antimicrobial is filmed: nanometer silvering solution concentration is 30-300ppm, Nano Silver granularity 10-50nm, and the nano silver coating thickness of fruit and vegetable surfaces is the 8-20 micron.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB200510040869XA CN1301061C (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Three-stage composite pretreating method for delaying fresh time of putresible fruit and vegetable |
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| CNB200510040869XA CN1301061C (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Three-stage composite pretreating method for delaying fresh time of putresible fruit and vegetable |
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| CN1709075A CN1709075A (en) | 2005-12-21 |
| CN1301061C true CN1301061C (en) | 2007-02-21 |
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Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101147505B (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2010-06-16 | 江南大学 | Post process method for slowering rehydration speed of freezing-dried diced fruit and vegetable |
| CN101167592B (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2010-06-23 | 海通食品集团股份有限公司 | Ozone, ultraviolet and nano silver coating-film combined sterilizing method for freezing-dried food preserving |
| CN101147615B (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2011-06-22 | 江南大学 | Frozen-dried, preserving and sterilizing method for with combined nanometer silver film and microwave drying method |
| CN101213986B (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2010-06-02 | 江南大学 | Three-segment composite processing method for prolonging sea water vegetable fresh-keeping time |
| EP2085774B1 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2018-04-11 | Kraft Foods R & D, Inc. | Method for determining the texture of food material |
| CN101700055B (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2012-04-18 | 江南大学 | Method for quickly structurizing water molecules of fresh-cut fruits and fresh-cut vegetables under ultrahigh pressure to preserve fresh-cut fruits and vegetables with low cost |
| CN101796978A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-08-11 | 北华大学 | Storage and fresh-keeping method of fresh Chinese magnoliavine fruit |
| ITMI20100827A1 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-11 | Angela Bassoli | PROCEDURE FOR CONSERVATION AND AESTHETIC COVERING OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTS IN GENERAL. |
| CN102077859B (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-09-05 | 江南大学 | Method for prolonging shelf life of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables by treatment of medium-pressure mixed inert gases |
| CN102038033B (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-08-22 | 江南大学 | Composite fresh preservation method for prolonging shelf life of refrigerated fresh lotus seeds |
| CN102057981B (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-09-05 | 建德市山木食品有限公司 | Combined refreshing method for prolonging shelf life of fresh vegetable lotus seed |
| CN106305986A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-11 | 天津商业大学 | Method for restraining potatoes from sprouting |
| CN106562317A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-04-19 | 王福丽 | Preparation method of low-GI-value potato powder |
| CN106819088B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2020-08-07 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Normal-temperature storage and fresh-keeping operation method for red kiwi fruits |
| CN106973982A (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2017-07-25 | 江南大学 | A kind of intelligent precooling treatment combines the system that segmentation air conditioned storage controls cold quick property fruit vegetables chilling injury |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003212707A (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-07-30 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Antibacterial and antifungal powder and method for producing the same |
| CN1554247A (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-15 | 江南大学 | Method for united freshness keeping of fruit and vegetable by water content structure processing and gas regulation package |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003212707A (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-07-30 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Antibacterial and antifungal powder and method for producing the same |
| CN1554247A (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-15 | 江南大学 | Method for united freshness keeping of fruit and vegetable by water content structure processing and gas regulation package |
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