CN1298631A - Technology for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of shaddock in growing period of sand field - Google Patents
Technology for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of shaddock in growing period of sand field Download PDFInfo
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- CN1298631A CN1298631A CN01107403A CN01107403A CN1298631A CN 1298631 A CN1298631 A CN 1298631A CN 01107403 A CN01107403 A CN 01107403A CN 01107403 A CN01107403 A CN 01107403A CN 1298631 A CN1298631 A CN 1298631A
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of pomelo fruits in a growing period, which is characterized in that the pomelo fruits are bagged 60 days after the pomelo flowers are withered until the bagged pomelo fruits are unpacked 15 days before the pomelo fruits are picked, so that the invasion of the plant diseases and insect pests is effectively prevented, the pesticide required to be sprayed is reduced, pollution-free green food is obtained, the production cost is also reduced, and the quality and the yield of the pomelo fruits are greatly increased.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of technique of prevention and control diseases and elimination of pests for shatian shaddock trees in growth period.
Nineteen ninety-five, national shaddock class area under cultivation reaches 14.4 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 11.65% of the oranges and tangerines gross area then, and output is 47.48 ten thousand tons.By 1998, area reached 18.26 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 11.75% of the gross area, and output is 92.9 ten thousand tons, accounts for 9.8% of gross output.The Ministry of Agriculture is planned for 22.34 ten thousand hectares of shaddock class areas in 2000, and output is 177.44 ten thousand tons, and accounts for the shatian pomelo of main ratio in the shaddock class is produced, and the area under cultivation of nineteen ninety-five is 7.24 ten thousand hectares; And the area under cultivation of Meizhou region shatian pomelo in 1998 is 290,000 mu, 330,000 tons of output.In the cultivation management process of shatian pomelo, damage by disease and insect is one of principal element that has a strong impact on production, the disease of known harm Citrus has tens kinds, wherein comparatively serious have a kind more than 10, insect pest has kind more than 500, wherein common harm is serious, to the orchard economic impact bigger kind more than 50 arranged, two spotted spider mite, anthracnose etc. almost can be taken place throughout the year.At present, in order to prevent and treat the damage by disease and insect of shaddock fruit, numerous orchard workers adopt pesticide control, spend a large amount of financial resources, manpower for this reason, make the shatian pomelo production cost higher.Owing to constantly use agricultural chemicals, cause shaddock orchard worker medicine residual quantity to exceed standard, have a strong impact on the developing in market, simultaneously, also make shaddock really produce trend as the killing of natural enemy, new sick worm constantly shows etc. vicious circle.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of technique of prevention and control diseases and elimination of pests for shatian shaddock trees in growth period, this technology has overcome the problems referred to above of conventional method, uses the pollution of prevention and elimination of disease and pests and agricultural chemicals effectively of this technology.
In achieving the above object, according to the invention provides a kind of technique of prevention and control diseases and elimination of pests for shatian shaddock trees in growth period, this technology is taked to thank at shatian pomelo and is spent back 60 days, at this moment finished the physiological fallen fruit phase second time of shaddock fruit and pore open season for the third time, that is to say the quick expanding stage of fruit early stage, really thoroughly spray is thoroughly with desinsection, bactericide with shaddock, treat that soup does back 5 hours baggings, make shaddock really be covered by the inside, up to the shaddock fruit maturing stage, promptly in fruit picking unpacking in preceding 15 days.
According to technology of the present invention, the shape of this bagging and bread and cheese bag are basic identical, its bag handle is longer on one side, and the centre at the bottom of bag, both sides each make a call to an aperture that pinprick is big, sack is enclosed within more than the base of fruit 3 centimeters and tighten up sack, with change long bag handle shaddock fruit pole together with the short handle of bag with clockwise two weeks of winding, knotting then, not quite tightly be advisable, close to such an extent that the water on the pole can not flow in the bag.
Express the advantage of present technique below by test.
One, preliminary experiment
1997, the brown rot phytophthora root rot harm in shatian pomelo garden, oil hole is newly spread in the place in the Jiangling quite serious, in about 8000 fruits of tree that bear fruit of 8 years age of trees, played statistics on August 20th, 1997, fall fruit after having 784 fruits susceptible during to October 22 fruit picking, hazard ratio reaches 9.8%, and main cause is that chronic illness district, germ are residual serious.For exploring the way of insect pests, through investigation and analysis, on August 15th, 98 handled shaddock fruit bagging with the plastic film bag of different colours, on same strain tree, observe with plastic film bag bagging insect pests black, red, white, Huang Si kind color respectively, respectively with 25 bags, bagging is 100 altogether, bagging is 54, to plucking, only fallen 1 in 100 fruits of bagging from bagging, the rate that causes harm is 1%, bagging 54 has not been merely hit 4, the rate that causes harm is 7.4%, by bagging, also contrasts versicolor fruit color effect.
Versicolor plastic film bag bagging effect comparative trial (1998)
| The bagging color | Painted during fruit picking | Taste | The diseases and pests controlling effect |
| The black contrast of Bai Honghuang | Contrast green grass or young crops with the same bluish yellow inequality of contrast and the alternate patch normal coloring of bluish yellow occurs | The slightly poor sugariness of the slightly poor sugariness of good sugariness is lighter good | Rust mite harm carefully is subjected to eqpidemic disease to endanger 4 of fruits |
Two, small plot experiment
After preliminary experiment in 1998, newly spread the oil hole tests in the Jiangling, all adopt 1000 fruits of white plastic bag film bagging, bagging time is advanced to June 15 (fine day) on the basis in 98 years, the bagging that morning is used the extraordinarily saturating whole shaddock fruit of 1000 times of sprays of flolimat of Tuzet 800, and soup is done back 5 hours baggings, has overlapped on the same day, test divides control group and experimental group, concrete every being compared as follows:
Sick worm harm contrast in July
Sick worm harm contrast in 8 to October
| Sick insects type | Contrast | Bagging |
| The rapids ulcer disease of two spotted spider mite rust mite | Hazard symptoms occurring has the susceptible fruit disease spot of hazard symptoms to increase, and infection symptoms does not appear in some of Gan Raning |
| Sick insects type | Contrast | Bagging |
| Rust mite scab brown rot phytophthora root rot two spotted spider mite | 8, obvious hazard symptoms respectively appears taking place in peak period August occurring in more serious harm 9, harm in October heavier August, September September |
Through observation, bagging shaddock fruit contrast is blue or green partially, and for more helping fruit color, in whole unpackings on October 18th, 1999, fruit color is good during to harvesting.
Three, the test of preservation and freshness
Choose 500 of fruit bagging in 1999 and make experimental group, random sampling is got 500 and is compared group in addition, promptly add 2 after adopting with green south, 4-D soaks fruit and does fresh-keeping processing, bagging is preserved the Clear and Bright to 2000 after air-dry sweating in 15 days, and its result is: experimental group is rotted 5 altogether, and the bagging group is rotted 42, by analysis of experiments relatively, experimental group storage rate is better than control group.
Show by test: 1, Shi Yan time can shift to an earlier date two months than 98 years, more helped reaching the diseases and pests controlling purpose; 2, two spotted spider mite, rust mite, brown rot phytophthora root rot etc. there is good control efficiency; 3, more help preservation and freshness; 4, taste flavor is not subjected to the influence of bagging.
Following example will further specify the present invention.
One, the selection of bagging:
1, selecting the white plastic bag for use is low density polyethylene films, and nontoxic, do not have smell, the transparency, light transmittance, glossiness, light resistance be good; Raw material adopts the single combination of low density polyethylene (LDPE), melt 4-7g/10min, and raw material supply is clean, free from admixture, and adds an amount of light stabilizer in manufacturing process, to guarantee at the later stage light transmittance more than 80%.
2, Dai shape and bread and cheese bag are basic identical, but its bag band requires to lack (being advisable with 3 centimetres) on one side, another bag band is grown (10 centimeter length will be arranged), bag is wide 24 centimetres, bag high 30 centimetres (can hold the following shaddock fruit of 1500g), another kind of specification less (holding the following shaddock fruit of 1250g), and in the centre bottom of bag, both sides each make a call to 1 aperture that pinprick is big, be beneficial to spilling of superfluous water.
Two, it is good to choose three growing ways, fruit growth is more equal, the age of tree is respectively 9 years, 6 years, the tree that bears fruit in 6 years is carried out test, the age of tree 9 years be made as tree No. 1,6 years be respectively tree No. 2, No. 3, the number of bearing fruit is respectively 152,78,81, in No. 1 tree, 76 baggings are arranged, contrast (not bagging) 76,39 of baggings, contrast (not bagging) 39 in No. 2 trees; Set 40 of baggings No. 3, contrast (not bagging) 41.
Three, the processing of shaddock fruit before the bagging
Shaddock fruit disease insect density when as far as possible reducing bagging, thoroughly spray is saturating with the shaddock fruit with desinsection, bactericide before bagging, treats that soup does back 5 hours baggings, has overlapped on the same day.
Four, bagging method
1, with in the careful threading bag of shaddock fruit;
2, sack being enclosed within more than the base of fruit 3 centimeters and tighten up sack, is the center with the carpopodium, around carpopodium with clockwise two weeks of winding, pine around second circle time puts in second circle knotting then with remaining long bag band, but too not tight, not influence carpopodium degree of being grown to;
3, down even up sack whole after the knotting.
Five, check behind the bagging
Owing to locate to be subjected to the influence of factors such as wind and rain under the natural conditions behind the bagging, should in time check the degree of tightness of sack, with intrusions such as diseases prevention worms.
Six, unpacking: adopting unpacking in preceding 15 days, to help fruit color.
Seven, it is as follows to contrast the contrast of bearing fruit behind its commodity rate and the bagging:
| Test | Test shaddock fruit number | Be subjected to the harm of disease worm not become the commodity number | The shaddock fruit is below 1 kilogram | Sick worm endangers fruit, choosing fruit number before the fruit picking | Commodity rate | |||||
| Bagging | Contrast | Bagging | Contrast | Bagging | Contrast | Bagging | Contrast | Bagging | Contrast | |
| 1 2 3 | 76 39 40 | 76 39 41 | - - - | 3 1 1 | 3 2 2 | 5 3 2 | 1 - - | 3 2 2 | 95.8% 94.6% 94.7% | 88.9% 89.1% 92.3% |
Eight, theoretical foundation of the present invention and characteristics
1, effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests
Because the protective action of bagging has hindered sick worm and invaded the possibility of shaddock fruit that causes harm, thereby reached the insect pests purpose, the main diseases worm of control has: canker, two spotted spider mite, rust mite, eqpidemic disease, scab, coccid etc.
2, can produce non-harmful pollution-free food
The bagging time of this test reaches 5 months, the agricultural chemicals (as Tuzet, Jia Ruinong, flolimat etc.) that is used for prevention and elimination of disease and pests before bagging can be degraded during bagging fully, bagging in the phase because the protective action of bag has been avoided the generation of sick worm, thereby do not use agricultural chemicals, guaranteed that the residual index of shaddock orchard worker medicine can reach standard fully, really produce non-harmful pollution-free food, simultaneously, because the shaddock fruit is not used agricultural chemicals, no agricultural chemicals is to the side effect of shaddock fruit, realized that growing of shaddock fruit normally carry out.
Shaddock fruit quality index contrast (mg/kg of unit)
| Sequence number | Project | Standard-required | Control group | Experimental group |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | Cypermethrin decis fenvalerate lead (in Pb) arsenic (in As) chromium (in Cr) cadmium (in Cd) nitrite | ≤2.0 - - ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤0.03 ≤4 | Do not detect 0.39 0.1 detect 1.6 0.2 0.1 | Do not detect 0.02 0.2 0.2 and do not detect 0.29 |
From above contrast as can be seen institute's inspection project beyond the residual quality index dechromisation of experimental group all well below control group, Qian content particularly, control group exceeds 8 times of standards, and experimental group is lower than 10 times of standards, cypermethrin does not detect in experimental group, and detects in control group.(above standard adopts the non-harmful product provincial standard of Guangdong Province Bureau of Technical Supervision issue, by the check of Meizhou City product quality supervision and testing institute).
3, promoted growing of shaddock fruit
Analysis of experiments shows that the fruit that the shaddock behind the bagging is really compared photograph is directly big, and every fruit can increase weight more than 3%, and its main cause has:
(1), according to physics principle, the surface area of object unit volume---specific surface area is big more, its cooling effect is also remarkable more, so the specific surface area of large greenhouse is little, cooling effect is little, good heat insulating, and behind the shaddock fruit bagging, belonging to small-sized greenhouse, specific surface area is big, its cooling effect is big, heat-insulating property is poor, is similar to external environmental condition, can not cause the temperature difference bigger, local temperature raise and fall fruit, the generation of phenomenon such as day burn, can not influence growing of shaddock fruit yet.
(2), owing to the scattering process of bag to sunshine forms diffusion and help entering of shortwave, intensity is low, but the diffused light in spectrum intermediate waves part is more much better than than long wave part, so diffused light has more red, gold-tinted (can reach 50-60%), and direct light has only 32% red, gold-tinted, thereby more help absorbing of shaddock fruit, promote growing of shaddock fruit.
(3), when rainy, because the moisture abundance, make shaddock really absorb the moisture state that reaches capacity, when it is fine, because water evaporates is stayed in the bag, lost less, making has comparatively sufficient steam and knot to drip on the inner bag face in the bag, also avoided a generation of burning day, simultaneously, moisture is comparatively sufficient around the shaddock fruit, helps growing of shaddock fruit, does not reduce nutrient absorbing thereby also can not cause a day fine back high temperature lack of water to cause stomatal closure, transpiration to weaken.
(4), owing to there is not direct pesticide, do not have the agricultural chemicals side effect, promoted to grow.
4, sugar content, acid content, ascorbic comparison
Through experiment comparative analysis (sampling is taken the mean), the sugar content of fruit bagging is 11.5% (one-level really is 11%), acid content is 0.312% (standard is≤0.35%), and its skin depth, edible rate, Vitamin C content all reach one-level fruit above (according to Meizhou gold shaddock comprehensive standard).
5, help preservation and freshness
Owing to avoided the invasion of sick worm to cause harm behind the shaddock fruit bagging, the sick worm degree of adhesion of shaddock fruit itself is low, and the sick worm that has significantly reduced in the shaddock fruit storage is infected the probability that causes harm, thereby has improved the preservation and freshness rate greatly.
6, reduce production cost, improved commodity rate and output
In production cost in 2000 was compared, it was comparatively even to have chosen 16 strains growth, and totally 2010 fruits that bore fruit the 3rd year do the analysis of test production cost, and establishing control group is 1005, and experimental group is 1005 (the test tree is except that putting the spring tip, and other tip is not put).
(1), the production cost of fruit bagging is not added up (unit: unit)
Fruit bagging totally 8 strains tree not, 1005 of fruits (being as the criterion) with fixed fruit by the end of May
1. fertilizer (fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer): 165.52
2. agricultural chemicals: 140
3. wage for workmen: 728
Altogether: 1033.52
(2), the production cost of fruit bagging statistics (unit: unit)
Fruit bagging is totally 8 strains tree, 1005 of fruits (really being as the criterion with fixed by the end of May)
1. fertilizer: 165.52
2. agricultural chemicals: 80
3. wage for workmen: 667.2
Altogether: 912.7
More than statistics contains the bag film cost, and is cost-saved altogether: 11.7%.
(3), according to this go up and analyze, can improve output 3%.
(4), according to this go up and analyze, can improve commodity rate 4.9%.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of technique of prevention and control diseases and elimination of pests for shatian shaddock trees in growth period, take to thank and spend back 60 days at shatian pomelo, at this moment the physiological fallen fruit phase second time of shaddock fruit and pore open season have for the third time been finished, that is to say the quick expanding stage of fruit in earlier stage, really thoroughly spray is saturating with desinsection, bactericide with shaddock, treats that soup carried out bagging in dried back 5 hours, made shaddock really be covered by the inside, up to the shaddock fruit maturing stage, promptly in fruit picking unpacking in preceding 15 days.
2, technique of prevention and control diseases and elimination of pests for shatian shaddock trees in growth period according to claim 1, the shape of this bagging and bread and cheese bag are basic identical, its bag handle is longer on one side, and the centre at the bottom of bag, both sides each make a call to an aperture that pinprick is big, sack is enclosed within more than the base of fruit 3 centimeters and tighten up sack, with long bag handle shaddock fruit pole together with the short handle of bag with clockwise two weeks of winding, knotting then, not quite tightly be advisable, make that the water on the pole can not flow in the bag.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01107403A CN1298631A (en) | 2001-01-03 | 2001-01-03 | Technology for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of shaddock in growing period of sand field |
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| CN104272961A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-14 | 陈承金 | Method for promoting flower bud differentiation of first-timer Shatian pomelo tree |
| CN104996255A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-28 | 陈祺 | Management method for improving quality of Shatian pomelo |
| CN105010077A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-04 | 刘桂林 | Red pomelo grating and high-yield culturing technology |
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2001
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| CN104041261A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | 李鼎伟 | Method for realizing safe and efficient planting and fruit scab control on Shatian pomelo |
| CN103493708A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-01-08 | 高深 | Method for planting Shatian pomelos |
| CN103733936A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-23 | 南宁市良庆区那马镇昌盛无公害蔬菜农民专业合作社 | Shatian pomelo cultivating method |
| CN103733938A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-23 | 南宁市良庆区那马镇昌盛无公害蔬菜农民专业合作社 | Method for standard cultivation of pomelos |
| CN103749215A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 南宁市良庆区那马镇昌盛无公害蔬菜农民专业合作社 | Method for pest and disease damage integrated control of pomelos |
| CN103749063A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 南宁市良庆区那马镇昌盛无公害蔬菜农民专业合作社 | Pomelo fertilizer applying method |
| CN103749234A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 南宁市良庆区那马镇昌盛无公害蔬菜农民专业合作社 | Flower and fruit retention method for Shatian shaddocks |
| CN103814788A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-28 | 曾彩莲 | Shatian pomelo disease and pest nuisanceless control method |
| CN104272961A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-14 | 陈承金 | Method for promoting flower bud differentiation of first-timer Shatian pomelo tree |
| CN104996255A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-28 | 陈祺 | Management method for improving quality of Shatian pomelo |
| CN105010077A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-04 | 刘桂林 | Red pomelo grating and high-yield culturing technology |
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