CN1297691A - Separation and extraction process of effective component in resource insect - Google Patents
Separation and extraction process of effective component in resource insect Download PDFInfo
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- CN1297691A CN1297691A CN99125261A CN99125261A CN1297691A CN 1297691 A CN1297691 A CN 1297691A CN 99125261 A CN99125261 A CN 99125261A CN 99125261 A CN99125261 A CN 99125261A CN 1297691 A CN1297691 A CN 1297691A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to especially the separation and extraction process of effective component in housefly maggot. Through shell/liquid separation, enzymolysis, oil/water separation, chemical extraction and other processes, protein hydrolysate, maggot oil and chitin are produced separately from housefly maggot. The present invention utilizes the housefly maggot resource fully without "three wastes" discharge by means of a reasonable and simple production process.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of complex processing technology of resource insect, particularly a kind of separation, extraction process to common house-fly grub (fly maggot) effective ingredient.
Housefly is a kind of insect that the most of area of China is the most common, quantity is maximum.As culturing development object, the production advantage is bigger: its growth cycle is short, and fertility is strong, can finish a generation every 14～18 days under suitable temperature conditions; Every pair of housefly lays eggs nearly thousand throughout one's life.At present domestic can scale, mechanization produces common house-fly grub (fly maggot) in a large number.Simultaneously, the nutritional advantages of housefly is also bigger, contain crude protein 59～65% in its larva dry, fat 2.6～12%, contain the needed several amino acids of animal in its albumen, the TEAA of fly maggot dry powder is 43.83%, surpasses the reference value 40% that world food and agricultural/health organization (FAO/WHO) propose, its TEAA/nonessential amino acid total amount value (E/N) is 0.78, surpasses the reference value 0.6 that FAO/WHO proposes.
At present both at home and abroad the development and use of fly maggot are concentrated on mostly and develop fly maggot and substitute fish meal as feedstuff, though produce market is bigger, the added value of utilization is lower.Patent publication No. is that the patent of invention of CN1141130 utilizes the fly maggot Development and Production for human edible nutritional activities dry powder, for the development and use of fly maggot resource provide a high-level application approach.But this invention only is that fly maggot is carried out simple process and makes the oven dry powder, and this oven dry powder and fly maggot do not have the difference of matter, are not albumen powder truly, its as food or food additives to apply difficulty bigger.Moreover, this invention not with the utilization of redeveloping of the centrifugal residue that goes out or grease, wasted resource significantly.
Animal hydrolyzed protein is a new food additive, is mainly used in the fortification of producing senior flavouring and food, and as the base-material of functional food.Animal hydrolyzed protein is endless food additives, can be according to desired taste and amino acid content and ratio decision.In recent years, in developed country, a large amount of animal hydrolyzed proteins have all been used in top grade spice and the soup stock.The raw material of producing at present animal hydrolyzed protein mainly is the meat mincing of livestock and poultry and aquatic livestock, also utilizes livestock and poultry and aquatic livestock leftover bits and pieces (as blood etc.).The report that utilizes insect to produce protein hydrolysate as raw material is detected in and utilizes silkworm chrysalis or yellow meal worm, utilizes housefly or other insect to produce protein hydrolysate as raw material and does not see any report as yet.
In the fly maggot oil in the contained aliphatic acid unrighted acid and essential fatty acid content higher, it is formed near fish oil.Effect experiment confirms that fly maggot oil has facilitation preferably to the healing of skin trauma.Fly maggot oil also has health-care effect preferably to human body.How to extract fly maggot oil effectively and do not see any report as yet.
Chitin is a kind of natural polymers, and it is natural, nontoxic, and has good Bc, degradability and distinctive molecular structure and physics, chemistry, biological property.It has purposes widely in fields such as medical science, material science, chemical industry, food, cosmetics, printing and dyeing, weaving, papermaking, agricultural and environmental protection.Utilize fly maggot to extract chitin and have that raw material is cheap to be easy to get, production technology is simple, advantages such as good quality of product.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new technology of abundant development and use fly maggot, the fly maggot that is about to artificial large-scale production is produced fly maggot HAP, chitin and fly maggot oil by two step enzymolysis, separation and extraction, this technology can make the fly maggot resource be fully used, and no waste discharge.
Embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
The separation of resource insect effective ingredient provided by the invention, extraction process is characterized in that, effective ingredient comprises fly maggot protein hydrolysate, fly maggot oil and fly maggot chitin, and its processing step is as follows:
1. maggot shell/liquid separates
1.1 the fly maggot that cleans up is placed the 0.08-0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution of fly maggot 4-5 times volume, in colloid mill, grinds;
1.2 collect maggot slurry through grinding, put into the nylon mesh device, carry out centrifugal, separation, and collect its filter residue and filtrate respectively;
2, the preparation of fly maggot protein hydrolysate and fly maggot oil
2.1 above-mentioned filtrate is pumped into stirred autoclave, be warming up to 40-45 ℃, stir, weight ratio in alkali protease and bright maggot amount is 1 then: the ratio of 180-250 (enzyme 100,000 units per ml alive) adds alkali protease, under 40-45 ℃ of constant temperature, carry out enzymolysis, behind enzymolysis 2-3 hour, when pH drops to 8.2-8.6, weight ratio by neutral proteinase and bright maggot amount is 1: 40-50 (enzyme 50,000 units/gram alive) adds neutral proteinase, continued enzymolysis 4-5 hour down at 40-45 ℃, when pH reduced to 7.0-7.5, intensification was boiled, and the enzyme that goes out is handled;
2.2 will be through the enzymolysis protein liquid cool to room temperature after the enzyme that goes out is handled, centrifugal then, collect upper strata fly maggot oil, and residual filtrate is concentrated through reducing pressure, spray-drying, sterilization, promptly make fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder;
3, chitinous extraction
3.1 the fly maggot filter residue of above-mentioned the 1.2nd step operation gained is poured in the stirring reaction pot, and adding filter residue gross weight 2-3 3% hydrochloric acid doubly constantly stirs, and at ambient temperature, soaks 24 hours, carries out suction filtration then, washes filter residue to pH value with water and is neutrality.
Put into a mixing bowl of heating 3.2 will be washed till neutral filter residue, add filter residue gross weight 2-3 10% sodium hydroxide solution doubly, be heated to 70-80 ℃ and kept 3 hours, constantly stir, carry out soda boiling, remove the albumen in the filter residue.
Be washed till neutrality 3.3 collect above soda boiling thing, put into and stir clay kettle, add soda boiling thing weight 3-5 2-3% liquor potassic permanganate doubly, soaked 1 hour, filter and clean, continuous vacuum drying promptly makes white solid product chitin.
Described alkali protease is 2709 alkali proteases, also can be 2709 alkali proteases and H for quickening hydrolysis
2NCONH
2, (NH
4) SO
4Mixture; Described neutral proteinase is the AS1398 neutral proteinase or is the mixture of AS1398 neutral proteinase and 166 neutral proteinases.
Compared with the prior art, characteristics of the present invention mainly are:
1, improved the comprehensive utilization of fly maggot, method provided by the invention can prepare fly maggot protein hydrolysate, fly maggot oil and chitin deep processing industries product simultaneously, and no waste discharge, for the profound processing and utilization of fly maggot provides new approach.
2, utilize the prepared fly maggot protein hydrolysate of method provided by the invention, fly maggot oil and chitin good quality of product, with low cost.
3, technology of the present invention is reasonable, and flow process connects, compactness, production operation safety.
Provided by the invention is separation, the extraction process of the resource insect effective ingredient of raw material with the fly maggot, and the bright fly maggot of per kilogram can prepare fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder 152～210g, chitin 15～22g, fly maggot oil 30～50ml.The quality detecting index of prepared fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder, chitin, fly maggot oil sees Table 1 respectively, table 2, table 3:
Amino acid content (%) in the table 1. protein hydrolysate powder
| Amino acid | Content | Amino acid | Content |
| Aspartic acid | ????7.10～8.10?? | Isoleucine | ????3.50～4.27???? |
| Threonine | ????2.71～3.67?? | Leucine | ????5.50～6.20???? |
| Serine | ????2.21～3.10?? | Tyrosine | ????4.90～5.77???? |
| Glutamic acid | ??10.20～11.10 | Phenylalanine | ????4.40～5.20??? |
| Glycine | ????3.54～4.32?? | Lysine | ????4.40～5.57?? |
| Alanine | ????2.71～3.80??? | Arginine | ????3.38～4.28???? |
| Cystine | ????0.30～0.67??? | Histidine | ????1.50～2.30???? |
| Valine | ????3.57～4.21?? | Proline | ????3.12～3.83???? |
| Methionine | ????1.95～2.70?? |
The chitinous quality standard of table 2. fly maggot
| Project | Standard index | Project | Standard index |
| Outward appearance | Pale yellow powder | Insoluble matter | ????≤2％ |
| Granularity | 100 orders | Arsenic | ????＜0.5ppm |
| Viscosity | 100～1500mpa·s | Plumbous | ????＜1ppm |
| ????pH | ????6.5～7.5??? | Mercury | ????＜0.3ppm |
| Deacetylation | ????＞75％ | Total number of bacteria | ??1×10 3Individual/g |
| Moisture | ????≤10％ | Coliform | ????＜40 |
| Ash content | ????≤2％ |
The content of fatty acid (%) of table 3. maggot oil
| Aliphatic acid | Content | Aliphatic acid | Content |
| Myristic acid | ??1.9～2.7 | Linoleic acid | ??32.0～33.1 |
| Palmitic acid | ??19.2～20.6 | Leukotrienes | ??2.9～3.8 |
| Stearic acid | ??1.9～2.8 | Saturated fatty acid | ??26.8～27.9 |
| Palmitic acid | ??12.1～13.3 | Unrighted acid | ??67.9～69.1 |
| Oleic acid | ??17.2～18.7 | Essential fatty acid | ??35.5～36.5 |
Embodiment 1: with separation, the extraction process of resource insect effective ingredient provided by the invention, be feedstock production fly maggot protein hydrolysate, fly maggot oil and fly maggot chitin with the fly maggot, its processing step is as follows:
1. maggot shell/liquid separates:
1.1 the fly maggot that 3kg is cleaned up places the 0.08mol/L sodium hydroxide solution of 4 times of volumes of fly maggot, in colloid mill, grinds;
1.2 collect the maggot slurry through grinding, putting into sieve aperture is 200 purpose nylon mesh devices, carries out centrifugation through electric centrifuge, collects its filter residue and filtrate respectively;
2, the preparation of fly maggot protein hydrolysate and fly maggot oil:
2.1 above-mentioned filtrate is pumped into enzymatic vessel, be warming up to 45 ℃, stir with mixer, weight ratio in alkali protease and bright maggot amount is the ratio adding alkali protease of 1: 180 (enzyme 100,000 units per ml alive) then, under 40 ℃ of constant temperature, carry out enzymolysis, regularly observing pH changes, behind enzymolysis 2 hours, pH drops at 8.2 o'clock, weight ratio by neutral proteinase and bright maggot amount is that 1: 40 (enzyme 50,000 units/gram alive) add neutral proteinase, continues enzymolysis 4 hours down at 40 ℃, and pH reduced to 7.5 o'clock, intensification was boiled 15 minutes, and the enzyme that goes out is handled;
Described alkali protease is 2709 alkali proteases, also can be 2709 alkali proteases and H for quickening hydrolysis
2NCONH
2, (NH
4) SO
4Mixture; Described neutral proteinase is the mixture of AS1398 neutral proteinase or AS1398 neutral proteinase and 166 neutral proteinases.
2.2 will be through the enzymolysis protein liquid cool to room temperature after the enzyme that goes out is handled, centrifugal 15 minutes then with 3500rpm, collect upper strata fly maggot oil, and residual filtrate is concentrated through reducing pressure, spray-drying, sterilization, promptly make fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder; Present embodiment makes fly maggot oil 90ml, fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder 527g;
3, chitinous extraction:
3.1 the fly maggot filter residue of above-mentioned the 1.2nd step operation gained is poured in the stirring reaction pot, add 3% hydrochloric acid of 2 times of filter residue gross weights, constantly stir, at ambient temperature, soaked 24 hours, carry out suction filtration then, it is neutral washing filter residue to pH value with water.
Put into a mixing bowl of heating 3.2 will be washed till neutral filter residue, add 10% sodium hydroxide solution of 2 times of filter residue gross weights, be heated to 70 ℃ and kept 3 hours, constantly stir, remove the albumen in the filter residue.
Be washed till neutrality 3.3 collect above soda boiling thing, put into and stir clay kettle, add 2% liquor potassic permanganate of 3 times of soda boiling thing weight, soaked 1 hour, filter and clean, continuous vacuum drying promptly makes white solid product chitin 62g.
Embodiment 2: with separation, the extraction process of resource insect effective ingredient provided by the invention, be feedstock production fly maggot protein hydrolysate, fly maggot oil and fly maggot chitin with the fly maggot, its processing step is as follows:
1. maggot shell/liquid separates:
1.1 the fly maggot that 2kg is cleaned up places the 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution of 5 times of volumes of fly maggot, in colloid mill, grinds;
1.2 collect the maggot slurry through grinding, putting into sieve aperture is 200 purpose nylon mesh devices, carries out centrifugation through electric centrifuge, collects its filter residue and filtrate respectively;
2, the preparation of fly maggot protein hydrolysate and fly maggot oil:
2.1 above-mentioned filtrate is pumped into enzymatic vessel, be warming up to 40 ℃, stir with mixer, weight ratio in alkali protease and bright maggot amount is the ratio adding alkali protease of 1: 250 (enzyme 100,000 units per ml alive) then, under 45 ℃ of constant temperature, carry out enzymolysis, regularly observing pH changes, behind enzymolysis 3 hours, pH drops at 8.6 o'clock, weight ratio by neutral proteinase and bright maggot amount is that 1: 50 (enzyme 50,000 units/gram alive) add neutral proteinase, continues enzymolysis 5 hours down at 45 ℃, and pH reduced to 7.3 o'clock, intensification was boiled 15 minutes, and the enzyme that goes out is handled;
Described alkali protease is 2709 alkali proteases, also can be 2709 alkali proteases and H for quickening hydrolysis
2NCONH
2, (NH
4) SO
4Mixture; Described neutral proteinase is the mixture of AS1398 neutral proteinase or AS1398 neutral proteinase and 166 neutral proteinases.
2.2 will be through the enzymolysis protein liquid cool to room temperature after the enzyme that goes out is handled, centrifugal 15 minutes then with 3500rpm, collect upper strata fly maggot oil, and residual filtrate is concentrated through reducing pressure, spray-drying, sterilization, promptly make fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder; Present embodiment makes fly maggot oil 75ml, fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder 348g;
3, chitinous extraction:
3.1 the fly maggot filter residue of above-mentioned the 1.2nd step operation gained is poured in the stirring reaction pot, add 3% hydrochloric acid of 3 times of filter residue gross weights, constantly stir, at ambient temperature, soaked 24 hours, carry out suction filtration then, it is neutral washing filter residue to pH value with water.
Put into a mixing bowl of heating 3.2 will be washed till neutral filter residue, add 10% sodium hydroxide solution of 3 times of filter residue gross weights, be heated to 80 ℃ and kept 3 hours, constantly stir, remove the albumen in the filter residue.
Be washed till neutrality 3.3 collect above soda boiling thing, put into and stir clay kettle, add 3% liquor potassic permanganate of 5 times of soda boiling thing weight, soaked 1 hour, filter and clean, continuous vacuum drying promptly makes white solid product chitin 50g.
Embodiment 3: with separation, the extraction process of resource insect effective ingredient provided by the invention, be feedstock production fly maggot protein hydrolysate, fly maggot oil and fly maggot chitin with the fly maggot, its processing step is as follows:
1. maggot shell/liquid separates:
1.1 the fly maggot that 3kg is cleaned up places the 0.09mol/L sodium hydroxide solution of 4.5 times of volumes of fly maggot, in colloid mill, grinds;
1.2 collect the maggot slurry through grinding, putting into sieve aperture is 200 purpose nylon mesh devices, carries out centrifugation through electric centrifuge, collects its filter residue and filtrate respectively;
2, the preparation of fly maggot protein hydrolysate and fly maggot oil:
2.1 above-mentioned filtrate is pumped into enzymatic vessel, be warming up to 43 ℃, stir with mixer, weight ratio in alkali protease and bright maggot amount is the ratio adding alkali protease of 1: 200 (enzyme 100,000 units per ml alive) then, under 43 ℃ of constant temperature, carry out enzymolysis, regularly observing pH changes, behind enzymolysis 2.5 hours, pH drops at 8.4 o'clock, weight ratio by neutral proteinase and bright maggot amount is that 1: 45 (enzyme 50,000 units/gram alive) add neutral proteinase, continues enzymolysis 4.5 hours down at 43 ℃, and pH reduced to 7.0 o'clock, intensification was boiled 15 minutes, and the enzyme that goes out is handled;
Described alkali protease is 2709 alkali proteases, also can be 2709 alkali proteases and H for quickening hydrolysis
2NCONH
2, (NH
4) SO
4Mixture; Described neutral proteinase is the mixture of AS1398 neutral proteinase or AS1398 neutral proteinase and 166 neutral proteinases.
2.2 will be through the enzymolysis protein liquid cool to room temperature after the enzyme that goes out is handled, centrifugal 15 minutes then with 3500rpm, collect upper strata fly maggot oil, and residual filtrate is concentrated through reducing pressure, spray-drying, sterilization, promptly make fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder; Present embodiment makes fly maggot oil 118ml, fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder 5.4kg;
3, chitinous extraction:
3.1 the fly maggot filter residue of above-mentioned the 1.2nd step operation gained is poured in the stirring reaction pot, add 3% hydrochloric acid of 2.5 times of filter residue gross weights, constantly stir, at ambient temperature, soaked 24 hours, carry out suction filtration then, it is neutral washing filter residue to pH value with water.
Put into a mixing bowl of heating 3.2 will be washed till neutral filter residue, add 10% sodium hydroxide solution of 2.5 times of filter residue gross weights, be heated to 75 ℃ and kept 3 hours, constantly stir, remove the albumen in the filter residue.
Be washed till neutrality 3.3 collect above soda boiling thing, put into and stir clay kettle, add 2.5% liquor potassic permanganate of 4 times of soda boiling thing weight, soaked 1 hour, filter and clean, continuous vacuum drying promptly makes white solid product chitin 530g.
Claims (3)
1. the separation of a resource insect effective ingredient, extraction process is characterized in that, effective ingredient comprises fly maggot protein hydrolysate, fly maggot oil and fly maggot chitin, and its processing step is as follows:
1) maggot shell/liquid separates
(1) fly maggot that cleans up is placed the 0.08-0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution of fly maggot 4-5 times volume, in colloid mill, grind;
(2) maggot of collecting through grinding is starched, and puts into the nylon mesh device, carries out centrifugal, separation, collects its filter residue and filtrate respectively;
2) preparation of fly maggot protein hydrolysate and fly maggot oil
(1) above-mentioned filtrate is pumped into stirred autoclave, be warming up to 40-45 ℃, stir, weight ratio in alkali protease and bright maggot amount is 1 then: the ratio of 180-250 (enzyme 100,000 units per ml alive) adds alkali protease, under 40-45 ℃ of constant temperature, carry out enzymolysis, behind enzymolysis 2-3 hour, when pH drops to 8.2-8.6, weight ratio by neutral proteinase and bright maggot amount is 1: 40-50 (enzyme 50,000 units/gram alive) adds neutral proteinase, continued enzymolysis 4-5 hour down at 40-45 ℃, when pH reduced to 7.0-7.5, intensification was boiled, and the enzyme that goes out is handled;
(2) will be through the enzymolysis protein liquid cool to room temperature after the enzyme that goes out is handled, centrifugal then, collect upper strata fly maggot oil, and residual filtrate is concentrated through reducing pressure, spray-drying, sterilization, promptly make fly maggot protein hydrolysate powder;
3) chitinous extraction.
(1) with above-mentioned 1) the fly maggot filter residue of (2) step operation gained pour in the stirring reaction pot, add filter residue gross weight 2-3 3% hydrochloric acid doubly, constantly stir, at ambient temperature, soaked 24 hours, carry out suction filtration then, washing filter residue to pH value with water is neutrality,
(2) will be washed till neutral filter residue and put into a mixing bowl of heating, add filter residue gross weight 2-3 10% sodium hydroxide solution doubly, and be heated to 70-80 ℃ and kept 3 hours, constantly stir, carry out soda boiling, remove the albumen in the filter residue.
(3) collect above soda boiling thing and be washed till neutrality, put into and stir clay kettle, add soda boiling thing weight 3-5 2-3% liquor potassic permanganate doubly, soaked 1 hour, filter and clean, continuous vacuum drying promptly makes white solid product chitin.
2. by separation, the extraction process of the described resource insect effective ingredient of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alkali protease is 2709 alkali proteases or is 2709 alkali proteases and H
2NCONH
2, (NH
4) SO
4Mixture.
3. by separation, the extraction process of the described resource insect effective ingredient of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described neutral proteinase is the AS1398 neutral proteinase or is the mixture of AS1398 neutral proteinase and 166 neutral proteinases.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99125261A CN1100490C (en) | 1999-12-01 | 1999-12-01 | Separation and extraction process of effective component in resource insect |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN99125261A CN1100490C (en) | 1999-12-01 | 1999-12-01 | Separation and extraction process of effective component in resource insect |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1297691A true CN1297691A (en) | 2001-06-06 |
| CN1100490C CN1100490C (en) | 2003-02-05 |
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| CN99125261A Expired - Fee Related CN1100490C (en) | 1999-12-01 | 1999-12-01 | Separation and extraction process of effective component in resource insect |
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