CN1281363C - Preparation method of gradient material and part - Google Patents
Preparation method of gradient material and part Download PDFInfo
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- CN1281363C CN1281363C CN 200410053590 CN200410053590A CN1281363C CN 1281363 C CN1281363 C CN 1281363C CN 200410053590 CN200410053590 CN 200410053590 CN 200410053590 A CN200410053590 A CN 200410053590A CN 1281363 C CN1281363 C CN 1281363C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method for a gradient material and a part. A three-dimensional model is mainly and hierarchically treated, and a series of two-dimensional hierarchical information which is corresponding to each material component is obtained. Subsequently, all the two-dimensional hierarchical information is converted into corresponding digital control processing programs, and the corresponding digital control processing programs are transferred to a control system of a digital control working table. Then, materials in all spray heads are heated to a melting state. All the melting materials are respectively extruded into a droplet shape by all the spray heads according to spray positions and start and stop time which are determined by the corresponding digital control processing programs, and are sprayed in specified positions on the working table to carry out the droplet accumulation of the materials. Finally, after one layer of accumulation is finished, the working table downwards moves one layer thickness distance. The droplet accumulation of the layer of the material is finished by all the spray heads according to the method under the control of the numerical control machining program of a corresponding layer until the forming of the integral gradient material and the part is finished. The gradient material and the part with high forming accuracy and large combination intensity can be prepared by the method, post treatment is not needed after the gradient material and the part are prepared, the gradient material and the part can be directly used, and therefore, the present invention has the advantages of simple equipment, few working procedures, low manufacture cost and worthy popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method that a kind of component, structure and physical parameter all are the material and the part of continuous variation or graded.
Background technology
In order to satisfy the special instructions for use under some situation, people design a kind of functionally gradient material (FGM) and part, be heterogeneous material and the part that a kind of component, structure and physical parameter all change in gradient, function gradually changes, because composition and structure all controlledly continuously change in the everywhere, thereby make it have excellent performance and important application background, and receive increasing the concern and attention.In recent years, people design the preparation method of multiple functionally gradient material (FGM) in succession, as vapor phase methods such as vapour deposition process, plasma spraying sputtering method, molecular beam epitaxy, ion implantation; Electrodeposition process, redox reaction method, penetrate liquid phase methods such as method, eutectic reaction method, solution solidifies method, centrifugal casting method deeply; Solid phase methods such as self propagating high temperature synthetic method, thermal decomposition method, rubbing method, powder sintering, partially crystallizable method, diffusion method.But owing to be subjected to preparation technology's restriction, the preparation method of above functionally gradient material (FGM) only can be used for preparing formed film mostly, face coat or small blocks functionally gradient material (FGM), be difficult to prepare big block functionally gradient material (FGM) and part, thereby influenced the application of functionally gradient material (FGM), people design a kind of new method for preparing functionally gradient material (FGM) again for this reason, a kind of scheme as just having disclosed " a kind of laser of functionally gradient material (FGM) prepares manufacturing process fast " of Chinese invention patent application number 01131777.9, it is mainly according to the Structural Design Requirement of functionally gradient material (FGM), adjust the volume ratio of different materials powder, and the control powder feeder is sent into the powder of identical or different proportioning to laser molten pool on the diverse location of each two dimensional surface, then, laser beam scans according to the track while scan that computer generates, above-mentioned like this powder according to a certain ratio bonds together after fusion under the irradiation of laser to form required material, since in this method to the type of pairing material without limits, therefore can prepare multiple material compound functionally gradient material (FGM) arbitrarily, and mechanical property and decay resistance can improve significantly all.But in use find: 1. because dusty material itself has flowability, therefore when powder feeder was sent into powder in laser molten pool, the paving location of powder was difficult to accurate location, and the result makes the functionally gradient material (FGM) precision that makes lower.2. the restriction of Stimulated Light device heat, functionally gradient material (FGM) are not the bonding that depends on material powder, but the cementation shaping of dependence material powder surface coating layer, therefore the functionally gradient material (FGM) poor bonding strength that makes can't reach direct instructions for use.3. in order to improve the intensity of functionally gradient material (FGM), need to adopt expensive auxiliary facility to be for further processing, as roasting, metallic cementation etc., but such processing obviously makes investment increase, complex process thereby influence it and apply.4. the functionally gradient material (FGM) of handling through above-mentioned postorder will further influence its precision, and the functionally gradient material (FGM) part that especially adopts this method directly to make causes its internal structure sparse easily, and distortion seriously influences to be used.Therefore above-mentioned preparation method still has unsatisfactory part in actual applications, need await further improvement.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defective at prior art, and the preparation method of the big functionally gradient material (FGM) part of a kind of low cost of manufacture, forming accuracy height and bond strength is provided.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defective at prior art, and the preparation method of the big functionally gradient material (FGM) of a kind of low cost of manufacture, forming accuracy height and bond strength is provided.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned first technical problem adopts:
1. in computer, generate the three-dimensional entity model of part;
2. according to the instructions for use of this part, carry out the gradient-structure design of part;
3. according to the gradient-structure designing requirement of machining accuracy and part, after above-mentioned threedimensional model carried out layering and handle, make the three-dimensional data information translation of part become a series of two dimensional surface data;
4. each two dimensional surface data is carried out information separated by each material composition, obtain respectively and the corresponding a series of two-dimentional hierarchical informations of each material composition;
5. change into corresponding nc program with above-mentioned with the corresponding hierarchical information of each material, and the control system of the numerical control table, NC table of biography;
Each material that 6. will lay respectively in the shower nozzle separately is heated to molten condition, according to above-mentioned corresponding nc program determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets respectively with each melted material, and it is ejected into assigned address on the workbench, carry out the droplet of material and pile up;
7. after treating that one deck accumulation is finished, under the control of above-mentioned control system, workbench moves down a bed thickness distance, under the control of the nc program of equivalent layer, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets with each melted material again, and according to the nc program of this layer determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, droplet is ejected on the above-mentioned profiled surface, finish the droplet of this layer material part and pile up, like this until finishing whole functionally gradient material (FGM) part forming.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned another technical problem adopts:
1. the threedimensional model of functionally gradient material (FGM) is carried out hierarchy slicing and handle, the three-dimensional data information translation of material is become a series of two dimensional surface data;
2. each two dimensional surface data is carried out information separated by each material composition, obtain respectively and the corresponding a series of two-dimentional hierarchical informations of each material composition;
3. change into corresponding nc program with above-mentioned with the corresponding hierarchical information of each material, and the control system of the numerical control table, NC table of biography;
Each material that 4. will lay respectively in the shower nozzle separately is heated to molten condition, according to above-mentioned corresponding nc program determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets respectively with each melted material, and it is ejected into assigned address on the workbench, carry out the droplet of material and pile up;
5. after treating that one deck accumulation is finished, under the control of above-mentioned control system, workbench moves down a bed thickness distance, under the control of the nc program of equivalent layer, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets with each melted material again, according to the nc program of this layer determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, droplet is ejected on the above-mentioned shaped surface, finish the droplet of this layer material and pile up, like this until the shaping of finishing whole functionally gradient material (FGM).
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1. the material under the molten condition is squeezed into droplet, make material change into contraction the droplet from molten condition to solid-state contraction, its contraction process is to be extruded in the process that reaches the treatment of surfaces of components at droplet to finish from shower nozzle.Therefore, functionally gradient material (FGM) and part deformation after the processing are little, the forming accuracy height.When 2. droplet is stacked into shaped portion, do not solidify fully, but when profiled surface contacts, half mushy stage or molten condition have been in, with solidify rapidly after profiled surface contacts, be combined into fine and close material or part, so the adhesion of the functionally gradient material (FGM) that makes of the present invention is strong, and the part strength height that makes, serviceability is good.3. functionally gradient material (FGM) that makes and part need not postorder and handle, and can directly use, so equipment are simple, and operation is few, and low cost of manufacture make functionally gradient material (FGM) and part have more the market competitiveness, so the present invention is worthy of popularization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a processing unit (plant) schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 prepares schematic diagram for functionally gradient material (FGM) part of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1: be the preparation of engineering plastics (ABS)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) functionally gradient material (FGM) part.
Wherein ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadene-Styrene) is a kind of engineering plastics of function admirable, have good electrical property, chemical stability and impact resistance, become one of plastic material of electric elements, household electrical appliances, computer and instrument and meter first-selection.But because the oxygen index (OI) of ABS is low, burning easily in air produces a large amount of dense smoke and toxic gas during burning, cause its application to be restricted.And polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is nonflammable, and afterflame is poor, and the fire retardant that can be used as ABS uses.Therefore ABS and PVC are made the functionally gradient material (FGM) part, can improve the anti-flammability of ABS, it be can be applicable on the equipment such as building, auto industry, electronic apparatus industry and medical treatment.
When preparing above-mentioned engineering plastics (ABS) 4 and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 5 functionally gradient material (FGM) parts, the processing unit (plant) that is adopted as shown in Figure 1, the ejecting device 3 that it is included in the workbench 1 that general control system control down can upper and lower motion and is positioned at workbench 1 top, this ejecting device is made of the shower nozzle of establishing heating tube in three, wherein the first shower nozzle 3a and the second shower nozzle 3b are the moulding material shower nozzle, promptly be respectively ABS shower nozzle, PVC shower nozzle, the 3rd shower nozzle 3c is for pressing the required backing material shower nozzle of technology, here, backing material 6 is also selected ABS for use; For the extrusion temperature with ABS is controlled at about 270 ℃, the extrusion temperature of PVC is controlled at about 180C, each showerhead configurations has corresponding temperature control system, and simultaneously each shower nozzle links to each other with separately feed system respectively again, so that provide required filamentary material continuously for each shower nozzle; And each shower nozzle also is subjected to the control of shower nozzle driver element separately, spray after making the molten material pressurized in it, each shower nozzle driver element is subjected to the control of shower nozzle control system again simultaneously, each shower nozzle driver element is moved as required, and shower nozzle control system and said temperature control system and feed system be all co-ordinations under the control of general control system then.Its concrete implementation step is as follows:
1. in computer, generate the three-dimensional CAD physical model of ABS/PVC functionally gradient material (FGM) part;
2. carry out the gradient-structure design of part;
3. according to machining accuracy and gradient-structure designing requirement, by certain thickness layering, the three-dimensional information of part is converted part C AD model to a series of two dimensional surface data, wherein, the lift height of cad model and the diameter of shower nozzle are complementary;
4. each two dimensional surface data is carried out information separated by ABS and PVC composition, obtain the two-dimentional hierarchical information of ABS and PVC respectively;
5. the hierarchical information with ABS and PVC changes into corresponding nc program, and reaches the general control system of numerical control table, NC table;
The ABS and the PVC that 6. will lay respectively in the shower nozzle separately are heated to molten condition, according to above-mentioned corresponding nc program determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets respectively with each melted material, and respectively the droplet of ABS and PVC is ejected into assigned address on the workbench, carry out the droplet of material and pile up, as shown in Figure 2;
7. after treating that one deck accumulation is finished, under the control of above-mentioned general control system, workbench moves down a bed thickness distance, under the control of the nc program of equivalent layer, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets with ABS, the PVC material of each fusion again, according to the nc program of this layer determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, droplet is ejected on the above-mentioned profiled surface, finish the droplet of this layer material part and pile up, like this until finishing whole ABS/PVC part forming.
8. remove backing material, obtain needed functionally gradient material (FGM) part.
Embodiment 2 is the preparation of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) hole functionally gradient material (FGM) part.
This part can be used for permeation filtration, occasions such as catalytic separation, the processing unit (plant) that is adopted during preparation and Fig. 1 difference are that three shower nozzles are respectively the PP shower nozzle, EVA shower nozzle and backing material shower nozzle, wherein backing material is selected water-soluble material, promptly can adopt soluble polyurethane, water-soluble poval, water soluble phenol resin, the water soluble acrylic resin, the water-soluble poly ether resin, materials such as water-soluble epoxy resin, the ejection temperature of PP shower nozzle is controlled at 170 ℃, the ejection temperature of EVA shower nozzle is controlled at 185 ℃, and the shaping room temperature is set to 70 ℃, and its concrete implementation step is as follows:
1. in computer, generate the three-dimensional CAD physical model of functionally gradient material (FGM) part;
2. carry out the gradient-structure design of gradient parts, simultaneously, the part internal holes is designed, in order to be easy to remove the water-soluble material that forms the hole after preparing, between the Kong Yukong, hole and piece surface should be interconnected;
3. according to machining accuracy and gradient-structure designing requirement with model by certain thickness layering, convert the three-dimensional information of part to a series of two dimensional surface data;
4. each two dimensional surface data is carried out information separated by each material composition, obtain and the corresponding a series of two-dimentional hierarchical informations of each material composition;
5. change into corresponding nc program with above-mentioned with the corresponding hierarchical information of each material, and reach the general control system of numerical control table, NC table;
The moulding material that 6. will lay respectively in the shower nozzle separately is heated to molten condition with the water-soluble material that forms the hole, according to above-mentioned corresponding nc program determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, each shower nozzle is under the effect of separately shower nozzle driver element, each melted material is squeezed into droplets respectively, and respectively it is expressed into assigned address on the workbench, carry out the droplet of material and pile up, as shown in Figure 2;
7. after treating that one deck accumulation is finished, under the control of above-mentioned general control system, workbench moves down a bed thickness distance, under the control of the nc program of equivalent layer, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets with each melted material again, according to the nc program of this layer determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, droplet is expressed on the above-mentioned profiled surface, finish the droplet of this layer material part and pile up, like this, until all each layers are all machined.
8. part is taken off from workbench, put into water, treat that water-soluble material all after the dissolving, takes out workpiece, promptly obtain the functionally gradient material (FGM) part that inside has hole.
Also can prepare with this method simultaneously and only form and the part of the inner irregularly-shaped hole that distributing,,, and adopt this method can make the part in arbitrary shape hole because processing method is difficult to realize routinely as human tissue organs such as bones by a kind of material.
Embodiment 3: be the preparation of tin/plumbous functionally gradient material (FGM) part.
The processing unit (plant) that is adopted during preparation as shown in Figure 1.Three shower nozzles are respectively tin shower nozzle, plumbous shower nozzle and backing material shower nozzle, and wherein the ejection temperature of tin shower nozzle is 240 ℃, and the ejection temperature of plumbous shower nozzle is 330 ℃, and its concrete implementation step is as follows:
1. in computer, generate the three-dimensional CAD physical model of tin/plumbous functionally gradient material (FGM) part;
2. according to the instructions for use of part, carry out the gradient-structure design of gradient parts;
3. according to machining accuracy and gradient-structure designing requirement, by certain thickness layering, the three-dimensional information of part is converted part C AD model to a series of two dimensional surface data;
4. each two dimensional surface data is carried out information separated according to tin, lead material composition, obtain tin and plumbous two-dimentional hierarchical information respectively;
5. tin, plumbous hierarchical information are changed into corresponding nc program respectively, and be sent to the general control system of numerical control table, NC table;
6. will deliver to tin in the shower nozzle separately, plumbously be heated to molten state by Electric heating, according to above-mentioned corresponding nc program determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, each shower nozzle is under the effect of corresponding shower nozzle driver element, each moulding material is squeezed into droplets respectively, as shown in Figure 2, respectively tin, plumbous droplet are ejected into the assigned address on the workbench again, carry out the droplet of material and pile up;
7. after treating that one deck accumulation is finished, under the control of above-mentioned general control system, workbench moves down a bed thickness distance, under the control of the nc program of equivalent layer, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets with tin, lead material again, and according to the nc program of this layer determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, droplet is ejected on the above-mentioned profiled surface, finish the droplet of this layer material part and pile up, like this until finishing whole tin/plumbous functionally gradient material (FGM) part forming.
In the above-described embodiments, also can directly make functionally gradient material (FGM) with corresponding material, and then on corresponding process equipment, be processed into required part, to satisfy the comparatively simple but higher gradient parts of requirement on machining accuracy of those structures, the preparation method of its functionally gradient material (FGM) is identical with the step that the various embodiments described above are adopted, and here is not repeated.
In the process of above-mentioned preparation functionally gradient material (FGM) and part, general control system can be controlled the action of moving or control each shower nozzle of workbench, make shower nozzle arrive assigned address and carry out the droplet accumulation, and in operating process, droplet can interconnect and be continuous shape, also can be to be separated from each other and to be interrupted shape, the number of shower nozzle also is not limited to three, can corresponding increase by the kind of material, promptly can realize material and performance arbitrarily at any part of part, can form the shape and the gradient of any complexity between the different materials, final to satisfy the special instructions for use of functionally gradient material (FGM) and part.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of preparation method of functionally gradient material (FGM) part is characterized in that:
1. in computer, generate the three-dimensional entity model of part;
2. according to the instructions for use of this part, carry out the gradient-structure design of part;
3. according to the gradient-structure designing requirement of machining accuracy and part, after above-mentioned threedimensional model carried out layering and handle, make the three-dimensional data information translation of part become a series of two dimensional surface data;
4. each two dimensional surface data is carried out information separated by each material composition, obtain respectively and the corresponding a series of two-dimentional hierarchical informations of each material composition;
5. change into corresponding nc program with above-mentioned with the corresponding hierarchical information of each material, and the control system of the numerical control table, NC table of biography;
Each material that 6. will lay respectively in the shower nozzle separately is heated to molten condition, according to above-mentioned corresponding nc program determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets respectively with each melted material, and it is ejected into assigned address on the workbench, carry out the droplet of material and pile up;
7. after treating that one deck accumulation is finished, under the control of above-mentioned control system, workbench moves down a bed thickness distance, under the control of the nc program of equivalent layer, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets with each melted material again, and according to the nc program of this layer determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, droplet is ejected on the above-mentioned profiled surface, finish the droplet of this layer material part and pile up, like this until finishing whole functionally gradient material (FGM) part forming.
2, the preparation method of functionally gradient material (FGM) part according to claim 1 is characterized in that the gradient-structure of described part is designed to:
1. set the service condition of part;
2. select and to form and manufacturing technology for synthetic material;
3. select the distribution function of expression variation;
4. carry out the analytical Calculation of temperature and thermal stress, the gradient that obtains the The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of thermal stress minimum distributes.
3, a kind of preparation method of functionally gradient material (FGM) is characterized in that:
1. the threedimensional model of functionally gradient material (FGM) is carried out hierarchy slicing and handle, the three-dimensional data information translation of material is become a series of two dimensional surface data;
2. each two dimensional surface data is carried out information separated by each material composition, obtain respectively and the corresponding a series of two-dimentional hierarchical informations of each material composition;
3. change into corresponding nc program with above-mentioned with the corresponding hierarchical information of each material, and the control system of the numerical control table, NC table of biography;
Each material that 4. will lay respectively in the shower nozzle separately is heated to molten condition, according to above-mentioned corresponding nc program determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets respectively with each melted material, and it is ejected into assigned address on the workbench, carry out the droplet of material and pile up;
5. after treating that one deck accumulation is finished, under the control of above-mentioned control system, workbench moves down a bed thickness distance, under the control of the nc program of equivalent layer, each shower nozzle is squeezed into droplets with each melted material again, according to the nc program of this layer determined ejection position and beginning and ending time, droplet is ejected on the above-mentioned shaped surface, finish the droplet of this layer material and pile up, like this until the shaping of finishing whole functionally gradient material (FGM).
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| CN 200410053590 CN1281363C (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2004-08-10 | Preparation method of gradient material and part |
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| CN 200410053590 CN1281363C (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2004-08-10 | Preparation method of gradient material and part |
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| CN103586466A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-02-19 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Multi-metal liquid spray deposition additive manufacturing method |
| CN103203824A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-17 | 张东 | Plastic-spraying process for decorative surfaces |
| CN103707387B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-01-20 | 靳职雄 | A kind of 3D Method of printing of building beam |
| CN103894611B (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2017-02-01 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Three-dimensional metal piece printing forming method based on flexible guiding rods |
| CN104399981B (en) * | 2014-12-14 | 2016-07-06 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | A kind of three-dimensional printing-forming method of metal-base composites |
| CN104550959A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Forming method of metal composite part |
| CN104550954A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Forming method of meal piece through composite milling in 3D (Three-dimensional) printing |
| CN104552951A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-29 | 彭晓领 | 3D printing preparation method of polymeric gradient material |
| CN106183575A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-12-07 | 长沙嘉程机械制造有限公司 | The integrated 3D of Alternative prints new method |
| CN105772723B (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2020-05-15 | 西安智熔金属打印***有限公司 | Rapid forming system and method for gradient material structure |
| CN107009613B (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of fabricating method of microlens array based on three-dimensional direct write |
| CN107160676B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-09-17 | 陕西聚高增材智造科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cold deposition 3D printing method of the control towards PEEK material |
| CN112776328A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-11 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Manufacturing system and method for functionally graded insulation |
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