CN1276308C - 具有电荷转移化合物的电子照相有机感光体 - Google Patents

具有电荷转移化合物的电子照相有机感光体 Download PDF

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CN1276308C
CN1276308C CNB021542341A CN02154234A CN1276308C CN 1276308 C CN1276308 C CN 1276308C CN B021542341 A CNB021542341 A CN B021542341A CN 02154234 A CN02154234 A CN 02154234A CN 1276308 C CN1276308 C CN 1276308C
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卡姆·W·劳
努斯雷拉·朱布兰
兹比格纽·托卡斯基
艾伦·R·卡特里茨基
里图·贾恩
阿纳托利·瓦库伦科
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Abstract

一种有机感光体，包括：(a)具有下通式的电荷转移化合物其中R1和R2独立地是芴基；R3和R4独立地是氢、烷基、芳基或杂环基；和X是磺酰二亚苯基；(b)电荷产生化合物；和(c)导电基底。

Description

具有电荷转移化合物的电子照相有机感光体
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及适用于电子照相术的有机感光体，更具体地说，涉及具有新型电荷转移化合物的柔性有机感光体，该化合物包括双(芴基)-1，1’-(磺酰基二-4，1-亚苯基)双-腙。
2.技术背景
在电子照相术中，有机感光体以板、柔性带、圆盘、刚性鼓或缠绕在刚性或柔性鼓上的片状形式存在，该感光器具有在导电基底上的电绝缘的光导电元件，首先通过均匀地给光电导层的表面静电充电，然后使充过电的表面在有光的图案下曝光，而使有机感光体成像。选择的曝光量使电荷分散在照明区域，进而形成充电和未充电区域的图案(称作潜像)。然后在潜像的附近提供液体调色剂或固体调色剂，调色剂颗粒沉积在充电的或者未充电的区域以在光导电层的表面形成调色的图像。得到的可视调色剂图像可以转移到适合的接收表面例如纸，或者光导电层，可以作为接收图像的永久接收器来使用。成像过程可重复许多次。
可以使用单层和多层光导电元件。在单层的具体方案中，电荷转移材料和电荷产生材料与聚合物粘合剂结合，然后沉积在导电基底上。在多层的具体方案中，电荷转移材料和电荷产生材料是以分开的层的形式存在，其中每一个可以任选的与聚合物粘合剂结合并沉积在导电基底上。可以有两种排列方法。在一种排列中(“双层”排列)，电荷产生层沉积在导电基底上，电荷转移层沉积在电荷产生层的上面。在另一排列中(“反转的双层”排列)，电荷转移层和电荷产生层的顺序是相反的。
在单层和多层光导电元件中，电荷产生材料的目的是在受列曝光时，产生电荷载体(即空穴或电子)。电荷转移材料的用途是通过电荷转移层接受并转移这些电荷载体，从而在光导电元件上释放表面电荷。
为了生成高质量图像，特别是在多次循环之后，要求电荷转移材料形成具有聚合物粘合剂的均匀溶液(通常固体存在于固体中或固态的溶液)，并且保留在溶液中。除此之外，需要使电荷转移材料可接受(用称作接受电压或“Vacc”的参数表示)的电荷量达到最大值，并且使放电时的电荷保留达到最小(用称作剩余电压或“Vres”的参数表示)。
有许多电荷转移材料适用于电子照相术。最普通的电荷转移材料是吡唑啉衍生物、芴衍生物、噁二唑衍生物、茋衍生物、腙衍生物、咔唑腙衍生物、三苯胺衍生物、久洛尼定腙衍生物、聚乙烯咔唑、聚乙烯芘或聚苊。但是，上述每种电荷转移材料都存在某些缺陷。总是需要新的电荷转移材料以满足电子照相术应用的各种需要。
发明概述
第一方面，本发明的特征是一种有机感光体，包括：
(a)具有下通式(1)的电荷转移化合物，
其中R1和R2独立地是芴基或其衍生物；
R3和R4独立地是氢、烷基、芳基或杂环基；和
X是磺酰二亚苯基或其衍生物；
(b)电荷产生化合物；和
(c)导电基底。
电荷转移化合物可以对称或者不对称。所以，例如化合物的任何指定“臂”中的R1可以相同于或不同于化合物另一“臂”上的R2。同样，化合物的任何指定“臂”中的R3可以相同于或不同于化合物另一“臂”上的R4。除此之外，上述电荷转移化合物的通式将包括同分异构体。
有机感光体以板、柔性带、圆盘、刚性鼓或缠绕在刚性或柔性鼓上的片状形式存在。在一个具体方案中，有机感光体包括：(a)含有电荷转移化合物和聚合物粘合剂的电荷转移层(b)含有电荷产生化合物和聚合物粘合剂的电荷产生层；和(c)导电基底。电荷转移层可以位于电荷产生层和导电基底之间。或者，电荷产生层可以位于电荷转移层和导电基底之间。
第二方面，本发明的特征是电子照相术的成像设备，包括(a)许多支撑辊；和(b)上述以缠绕在支撑辊上的柔性带形式的有机感光体。优选设备进一步包括液体调色剂分配器。
第三方面，本发明的特征是电子照相术的成像方法，包括(a)将电荷施加到上述有机感光体的表面上；(b)将有机感光体的表面对射线以成像式曝光，在所选择区域内放出电荷，从而在表面上形成充电的和未充电的图案；(c)将该表面与液体调色剂接触以形成调色剂图像，该液体调色剂含有在有机液体中分散的着色剂颗粒；和(d)将调色图像转移到基底。
第四方面，本发明的特征是具有下通式为(1)的新型电荷转移材料
Figure C0215423400081
其中R1和R2独立地是芴基或其衍生物；包括在术语“基团”内；
R3和R4独立地是氢、烷基、芳基或杂环基；和
X是磺酰二亚苯基基团或其衍生物，包括在术语“基团”中；
在一个具体方案中，电荷转移化合物选自其中R1和R2独立地是芴基，R3和R4是氢，和X是1，1’-磺酰基二-4，1-亚苯基基团。这种电荷转移化合物不限制的具体实施例包括以下结构。
Figure C0215423400082
Figure C0215423400091
这些感光体可以成功地与调色剂，特别是液体调色剂使用以生成高质量的图像。在重复循环后，可以保持高质量地图像。
对于本领域人员来说，可以理解，很大程度的取代不但是允许的，而且经常是合理的。作为简化讨论的一种方式，术语“核”、“基团”和“部分”用于区分允许取代或可以被取代的和那些不被取代或不能被取代的化学物种。例如，短语“烷基”不仅包括纯的烃类烷基链，例如甲基、乙基、辛基、环己基、异辛基、叔丁基等，而且包括本领域技术人员熟知的具有常规取代基的烷基链，例如羟基、烷氧基、苯基、卤素(F、CL、Br和I)，氰基、硝基、氨基等。术语“核”同样允许取代。另一方面，短语“烷基部分”局限于仅包括纯的烃类烷基链，例如甲基、乙基、丙基、环己基、异辛基、叔丁基等。术语“中心核”指一种通式，其中允许在通式上进行大范围的取代，只要不去掉结构式中的基本键。通常通过去掉氢，并用取代基取代氢来实施，而不改变键的结构(例如在核中的原子之间去掉或添加的不饱和现象)
在通式(1)中，优选，烷基碳原子的数在1-30之间，芳基的碳原子数为6-30之间，杂环基碳原子数为1-30。
从下面的具体优选实施例的描述和权利要求中可以明显看出本发明的其它特征和优点。
发明详述
本发明提供一种具有上述发明概述中所列举的通式的电荷转移化合物的有机感光体。
有机感光体以板、柔性带、圆盘、刚性鼓或缠绕在刚性或柔性鼓上的片状形式存在，优选的是，柔性带和刚性鼓。有机感光体可以包括导电基底和单层形式的光导电元件，该光导电元件包括在聚合物粘合剂中的电荷转移化合物和电荷产生化合物。但是优选地，有机感光体包括导电基底和光导电元件，该光导电元件是双层结构，其特征在于含有电荷产生层和分开的电荷转移层。电荷产生层可以位于导电基底和电荷转移层之间。或者，光导电元件可以是反转的结构，其中电荷转移层***导电基底和电荷产生层之间。
导电基底可以是柔性的，例如柔性的织物或带的形式，或者是非柔性的，例如鼓的形式。典型地，柔性导电基底包括绝缘的基底和薄层导电材料。绝缘基底可以是纸或成膜的聚合物。例如聚对苯二甲酸亚乙酯、聚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚萘二甲酸亚乙酯(polyethylene naphthalate)、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚氟乙烯、聚苯乙烯等。支持的基底的特定实例包括聚醚砜(StabarS-100，购自ICI)、聚氟乙烯(TedlarTM，购自E.I.Dupont deNemours&Company)、聚双酚-A聚碳酸酯(Makrofol，购自Mobay化学公司)和无定形聚对苯二甲酸亚乙酯(MelinarTM，购自ICI Americas，Inc.)。导电材料可以是石墨、分散的碳黑、碘化物、导电聚合物诸如聚吡咯(polypyroles)和Calgon导电聚合物261(购自Calgon Corporation，Inc.，Pittsburgh，Pa.)，金属诸如铝、钛、铬、黄铜、金、铜、钯、镍或不锈钢，或金属氧化物诸如氧化锡或氧化铟。优选导电材料是铝。典型地，光导电基底的厚度应足以满足机械稳定性的要求。例如柔性织物型基底通常厚度为约0.01-约1mm，而鼓型基底通常厚度为约0.5-约2mm。
电荷产生化合物是能够吸收光以产生电荷载体的物质，诸如染料或颜料。适合的电荷产生化合物的例子包括不含金属的酞菁染料、金属酞菁染料诸如钛酞菁染料、铜酞菁染料、氧钛(oxytitanium)酞菁染料、羟镓酞菁染料；squarylium染料和颜料；羟基取代的squarylium颜料；perylimides；多核醌类，购自Allied Chemical Corporation的商品名Indofast Double Scarlet，Indofast Violet Lake  B，Indofast Brilliant Scarlet和Indofast Orange；喹吖啶酮，购自Dupont的商品名MonastralRed，MonastralViolet和MonastralRed Y；包括perinones的萘1，4，5，8-四羧酸衍生的颜料；四苯并卟啉；四萘并卟啉；靛类染料和硫代靛类染料；苯并噻吨衍生物、芘3，4，9，10-四羧酸衍生的颜料；多偶氮颜料，包括双偶氮-、三偶氮-和四偶氮颜料；聚甲炔染料；含有喹唑啉基团的染料；叔胺；无定形硒；硒合金，诸如硒-碲、硒-碲-砷和硒-砷、硫硒化镉和硒化镉，硫化镉以及这些物质的混合物。优选电荷产生化合物是氧钛酞菁染料、羟基镓酞菁染料或这些物质的组合物。
优选电荷产生层含有粘合剂，基于电荷产生层的重量，其用量为约10-约90重量％，和更优选约20-约75重量％。
粘合剂能分散或溶解电荷转移化合物(在电荷转移层中)和电荷产生化合物(在电荷产生层中)。对电荷产生层和电荷转移层两者均适合的粘合剂的例子包括苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、改性的丙烯酸聚合物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯-醇酸树脂、大豆-烷基(soya-alkyl)树脂、聚氯乙稀、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯聚合物、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、醇酸树脂、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚酯、聚砜、聚醚、聚酮、苯氧树脂、环氧树脂、有机硅树脂、聚硅氧烷、聚(羟基醚)树脂、聚羟基苯乙烯树脂、酚醛清漆树脂、可溶性酚醛树脂、聚(苯基缩水甘油基醚)-二环戊二烯共聚物，在上述聚合物中使用的单体的共聚物，以及这些物质的组合物。特别优选聚碳酸酯粘合剂。适合的聚碳酸酯粘合剂的例子包括由双酚-A衍生的聚碳酸酯A、由环亚己基双酚衍生的聚碳酸酯Z、由甲基双酚A衍生的聚碳酸酯C和聚酯碳酸酯。
有机感光体还可以包括其它层。这类层是公知的，包括例如阻挡层、防粘层、粘合层和次层。防粘层形成光电导元件的最上层，阻挡层夹在防粘层和光电导元件之间。粘合层位于阻挡层和防粘层之间并改善其粘合性能。次层是电荷阻滞层，并位于导电基底和光电导元件之间。次层还可以改善导电基底和光电导元件之间的粘合性能。
适合的阻挡层包括涂层，诸如可交联的硅氧烷醇(siloxanol)-胶态的二氧化硅涂层和羟基化的silsesquioxane-肢态的二氧化硅涂层，以及有机粘合剂，诸如聚乙烯醇、甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物、酪蛋白、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸、明胶、淀粉、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙烯醇乙酰缩乙醛(polyvinyl acetoacetal)、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯基咔唑、在上述聚合物中使用的单体的共聚物，氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯醇三元共聚物、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/马来酸三元共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯共聚物、纤维素聚合物，以及这些物质的混合物。上述有机粘合剂任选可含有少量无机颗粒，包括使用非限定性实施例的金属(metal)氧化物、金属性(metallic)氧化物和半金属氧化物诸如热解法二氧化硅、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锆或这些物质的组合物。典型的粒径范围是0.001-0.5微米，优选0.005微米。优选的阻挡层是甲基纤维素和甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物的1∶1混合物，其中乙二醛作为交联剂。
防粘层外涂层可以含有任何本领域已知的防粘层组合物。优选防粘层是氟化的聚合物、硅氧烷聚合物、氟硅氧烷聚合物、硅烷、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸脂或这些物质的结合。更优选防粘层由交联的硅氧烷聚合物形成。
典型的粘合层包括成膜聚合物，诸如聚酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氨酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚(羟基氨基醚)等。优选粘合层由聚(羟基氨基醚)形成。如果使用这种层，优选粘合层的干厚度为约0.01微米-约5微米。
典型的次层包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、有机硅烷、可水解的硅烷、环氧树脂、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚硅氧烷等。优选次层的干厚度为约20埃-约2000埃。
电荷转移化合物和包括这些化合物的感光体适合用于使用干的或液体调色剂显影的成像方法中。液体调色剂显影通常是优选的，因为与干的调色剂相比它具有提供较高分辨率的图像并且需要较低能量以用于图像固定的优点。有用的液体调色剂的例子为大家所熟知。典型的液体调色剂包括着色剂、树脂粘结剂、电荷导向剂(charge director)和载体溶液。树脂与颜料的比例优选是2∶1至10∶1，更优选4∶1至8∶1。典型地，着色剂、树脂和电荷导向剂形成调色剂颗粒。
现在将通过下面的实施例进一步描述本发明。
实施例
A.合成
化合物(2)
在搅拌的条件下，将9-芴酮(3.6克，0.02摩尔，购自Aldrich，Milwaukee，WI)和1，1’-(磺酰基二-4，1-亚苯基)双-肼(2.78克，0.01摩尔，购自Vitas-M，Moscow，Russia；电话：70959395737)的混合物在四氢呋喃(20毫升)中回流16小时。刚一除去溶剂，就通过再结晶以分离和纯化化合物(2)。
化合物(3)
在搅拌的条件下，将2，7-二硝基-9-氧代-9H-芴-4-羧酸丁基酯(7.4克，0.02摩尔，购自Aldrich，Milwaukee，WI)和1，1’-(磺酰基二-4，1-亚苯基)双-肼(2.78克，0.01摩尔，购自Vitas-M，Moscow，Russia；电话：70959395737)的混合物在四氢呋喃(20毫升)中回流16小时。刚一除去溶剂，就通过再结晶以分离和纯化化合物(3)。
化合物(4)
在搅拌的条件下，将2-二甲基氨基-9-芴酮(4.46克，0.02摩尔，购自Aldrich，Milwaukee，WI)和1，1’-(磺酰基二-4，1-亚苯基)双-肼(2.78克，0.01摩尔，购自Vitas-M，Moscow，Russia；电话：70959395737)的混合物在四氢呋喃(20毫升)中回流16小时。刚一除去溶剂，就通过再结晶以分离和纯化化合物(4)。
化合物(5)
用过量正戊醇(5毫升)整夜回流9-芴酮-4-碳酰氯(2.44克，10毫摩尔)。在真空下蒸发和干燥溶剂以得到80％9-芴酮-4-羧酸戊基酯的粗产品。使用乙酸乙酯使化合物再结晶以得到黄色的片；收率74％；mp37.9-38.1℃；1HNMR，300MHz，化学位移(ppm，CDCl3溶剂)：0.94(t，J＝7.5Hz，3H)，1.39-1.47(m，4H)；1.82(quin.，J＝7.2Hz，2H)，4.40(t，J＝6.6Hz，2H)，7.31-7.36(m，2H)，7.40-7.52(m，1H)，7.68-7.70(m，1H)，7.79-7.86(m，1H)，7.92(dd，J＝0.9Hz，1H)，8.27(d，J＝7.8Hz，1H)。13C-NMR，75MHz，化学位移(ppm，CDCl3溶剂)：13.9；22.3；28.1；28.3；65.7；124.0；126.1；127.0；127.2；128.5；129.6；134.3；125.0；135.4；135.9；143.1；143.8；166.7；192.8。
将1，1’-(磺酰基二-4，1-亚苯基)双-肼(2.78克，0.01摩尔，购自Vitas-M，Moscow，Russia；电话：70959395737)、9-芴酮-4-羧酸戊基酯(4.74克，16.1毫摩尔)和8-10滴醋酸的混合物在乙醇(120毫升)中回流48小时。当冷却到20-25℃以后，过滤溶剂。将乙醇(60毫升)加入到残渣中，再回流混合物0.5小时。冷却得到的混合物并且在氯仿(70毫升)中过滤、干燥和溶解沉淀物。通过硅藻土过滤混合物，蒸发滤出液以得到黄色微晶的化合物(5)；收率60％；mp131-135℃；1H NMR在CDCl3中，化学位移(ppm)：0.91-0.95(m，6H)；1.40-1.41(m，8H)；1.75-1.80(m，4H)；4.31-4.40(m，4H)；7.08-7.34(m，10H)；7.57-8.31(m，12H)；9.00-9.04(m，2H)。
B.有机感光体的制备方法
通过掺入化合物(2)、化合物(3)、化合物(4)或化合物(5)可以制备相反的双层有机感光体。通过混合1.25克化合物(2)、化合物(3)、化合物(4)或化合物(5)在8.0克四氢呋喃中的溶液和1.25克聚碳酸酯Z在2.50克甲苯中的溶液制备在聚碳酸酯Z粘合剂中含有50重量％化合物(2)、化合物(3)、化合物(4)或化合物(5)的电荷转移溶液。然后用Maier rod(#36)将电荷转移溶液以手涂覆到含有0.3微米聚酯树脂次层(VitelPE-2200，Bostik，Middletown，MA)的3密耳(76微米)厚度镀铝的聚对苯二甲酸亚乙酯薄膜(来自Dupont的具有1欧姆/平方铝蒸汽涂层的Melinex422聚酯膜)上，干燥形成厚度为9微米的电荷转移层。
通过使用以再循环方式操作的水平砂磨机将1.35克氧钛酞菁颜料(Jupiter，F1，H.WSands Corp.)、1.35克S-Lec B Bx-5聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(Sekisui化学制品有限公司)，26克甲基乙基酮、和13克甲苯微粉化8小时而制备分散体。将生成的分散体以模涂到2密耳(51微米)厚度的其上没有形成次层的聚对苯二甲酸亚乙酯(PET)膜上，然后在80℃干燥10分钟，在PET膜上形成厚度为0.27微米的电荷产生层。
在140℃下使用447型Matchprint TM层压机(购自Imation公司，Oakdale，Minn.)一起层压电荷转移层和电荷产生层。层压后，从电荷产生层表面上剥去2-密耳(51毫米)的PET膜以形成反转的双层有机感光体。
C.静电测试
在室温下在QEA PDT-2000仪器上进行化合物(2)、化合物(3)、化合物(4)或化合物(5)的静电测试和记录。在8kV下进行充电。通过在沿着纤维光电缆的780mm滤过的钨丝灯光源下将有机感光体曝光而进行放电。每个样品在2微焦耳/厘米2能量下曝光0.05秒；总的曝光强度是20微瓦/厘米2。充电之后，以伏特为单位测量接受电压(Vacc)。在一个循环之后记录该值Vacc继最初的充电之后，在以780nm下2微焦耳/厘米2的光脉冲使样品放电0.05秒之前接着1秒暗衰变，一秒之后，以伏特为单位测量电压的减少值(对比)。然后通过消除灯使样品上的电荷进一步减少。以伏特为单位测量样品上最终剩余电压(Vres)。在1000次循环之后再次测量Vacc和Vres。通常，要求使Vacc达到最大以及使Vres减到最小。
D.电离电位测定
将化合物(2)、(3)、(4)和(5)分另溶解在四氢呋喃中制备用于电离电位(IP)测量的样品。将每份溶液以手涂覆在精密涂有甲基纤维素基粘合剂次层的镀铝聚酯基底上，以形成电荷转移材料(CTM)层。该次层的作用在于提高CTM层的粘附力、延迟CTM的结晶以及消除从A1层经过可能出现的CTM层缺陷的电子光电发射。在用至多6.4eV量子辐射能的灯照明下没有检测到从A1层经过次层的光电发射。此外，粘合剂次层具有的传导性足以避免在测量期间电荷在它上面积聚。次层和CTM层的厚度均为约0.4μm。在制备用于Ip测量的样品中没有和CTM一起使用粘合剂材料。
在类似于E.Miyamoto、Y.Yamaguchi和M.Yokoyama的“IonizationPotential Of Organic Pigment Film by Atmospheric Photoelectron EmissionAnalysis”，Eleetrophotography，28，No.4，p.364(1989)中描述的在空气中通过电子光电发射测量电离电位的方法，其在此作为参考引用。用来自使用氘灯源的石英单色器中的单色光照射样品。入射光束的能量是2-5·10-8W。给样品基底施加-300V的负电压。在距离样品表面8毫米处放置用于照明的带有4.5×15毫米2狭缝的反电极。反电极连接到在断开输入状态下工作的BK2-16型静电计的输入端以用于光电流的测量。在照明下10-15-10-12安培的光电流在电路中流动。光电流，I，强有力地取决于入射光光子能量hv。画出I0.5＝f(hv)关系曲线。通常光电流的平方根对入射的光量子能量的关系曲线通过临界值附近的线性关系较好地描述[参见E.M Miyamoto，Y.Yamaguchi和M.Yokoyama的“Ionization Potential of Organic Pigment Filmby Atmospheric Photoelectron Emission Analysis”，Electrophotography，28，No.4，p.364(1989)；以及M.Cordona和L.Ley的“Photoemission inSolids”，Topics in Applied Physics，26，1-103.(1978)]。该关系曲线的线性部分外推至hv轴，Ip值被确定为在交叉点的光子能量。电离电位测量有±0.03eV的误差。电离电位的数据列于表1中。
E.空穴迁移率测定
将化合物(2)、(3)、(4)和(5)分别溶解在含有粘合剂的四氢呋喃中形成10％固体溶液而制备用于电荷载流子迁移率测量的样品。该粘合剂是聚碳酸酯Z 200(购自Mitsubishi工程塑料，White Plains，NY)。样品与粘合剂的比例是4∶6或5∶5。将每份溶液涂覆在镀铝的聚酯基底上以形成电荷转移材料(CTM)层。CTM层的厚度变化范围为5-10μm。
空穴漂移迁移率通过射程时间技术(time of flight technique)测量，该技术如在E.Montrimas，V.Gaidelis和A.Pazera的“The discharge kinetics ofnegatively charged Se electrophotographic layers”Lithuanian Joural of Physics，6，p.569-576(1966)中所描述，其在此作为参考引用。正极电晕充电在CTM层内部生成电场。在该层表面通过用氮激光器脉冲(脉冲持续时间2ns，波长337nm)照明生成电荷载流子。由于脉冲照明的结果，层表面的电位降低至照明之前初始电位的1-5％。连接到宽频带静电计的电容探针测量表面电位的速率dU/dt。经过时间tt通过dU/dt曲线中以线性或双对数尺度的瞬时改变来测定。漂移迁移率通过公式μ＝d2/U0·tt计算，其中d是层厚度，U0是在照明时的表面电位。
表1给出了在电场强度E为6.4·105伏/厘米时的迁移率。迁移率场的相关性可以通过下式粗略估计。其中是表征迁移率场相关性的参数。
μ ~ e α E
表1
  IP(eV)   电荷载流子   迁移率(cm2/Vs)   备注
  化合物3   5.64   空穴   ～10-6   显著分散
  对比实施例A*   5.36   空穴   4.4×10-6   -
注释：*对比实施例A是美国专利No.6140200中的化合物(2)。
实施例和公开的内容描述了实施本发明的非限定性实施例。用于本发明辅助方面(不同于构成本发明主要基础的同类化学结构)的替代材料是在本领域技术人员的熟知范围内，并在本发明的保护范围内改变。使用本发明的成像体系方法的时间、温度和条件可在本发明的实施范围内同样改变。替代的方法和材料在本发明范围内发展，那些材料可以和本发明基础物质一起使用。其它具体方案在下述权利要求的范围内。

Claims (12)

1.一种有机感光体，包括：
(a)具有通式的电荷转移化合物
其中R1和R2独立地是芴基；
R3和R4独立地是氢、C1-30烷基、C6-30芳基或C1-30杂环基；和
X是磺酰二亚苯基；
(b)电荷产生化合物；和
(c)导电基底。
2.依据权利要求1的有机感光体，其中所述有机感光体是柔性带的形式。
3.依据权利要求1的有机感光体，其中电荷转移化合物和电荷产生化合物以单层形式存在。
4.依据权利要求1的有机感光体，其中电荷转移化合物和电荷产生化合物各存在于不同相邻层。
5.依据权利要求1的有机感光体，包括：
(a)含有所述电荷转移化合物和聚合物粘合剂的电荷转移层；
(b)含有所述电荷产生化合物和聚合物粘合剂的电荷产生层；和
(c)所述导电基底。
6.权利要求1的有机感光体，其中电荷转移化合物含有下通式的中心核，
Figure C021542340002C2
其中R5和R6独立地是氢、C1-30烷基或C6-30芳基。
7.权利要求6的有机感光体，其中电荷转移化合物选自下述化合物
Figure C021542340003C1
8.一种电子照相术的成像设备，包括：
(a)多个支撑辊；和
(b)以缠绕在上述支撑辊上的柔性带形式的有机感光体，所述有机感光体包括：
(i)具有下通式的电荷转移化合物，
其中R1和R2独立地是芴基；
R3和R4独立地是氢、C1-30烷基、C6-30芳基或C1-30杂环基；和
X是磺酰二亚苯基；
(ii)电荷产生化合物；和
(iii)导电基底。
9.一种电子照相术的成像方法包括：
(a)将电荷施加到有机感光体的表面上，该有机感光体包括：
(i)具有下通式的电荷转移化合物，
Figure C021542340004C2
其中R1和R2独立地是芴基；
R3和R4独立地是氢、C1-30烷基、C6-30芳基或C1-30杂环基；和
X是磺酰二亚苯基；
(ii)电荷产生化合物；和
(iii)导电基底；
(b)将所述有机感光体的表面以成像式对射线曝光，以使在所选择区域的电荷消失，从而在所述表面上形成充电的和未充电的区域的图案；
(c)将所述表面与液体调色剂接触以形成调色的图像，该液体调色剂含有在有机液体中的着色剂颗粒的分散体；和
(d)将所述调色图像转移给基底。
10.一种电荷转移化合物，具有下通式
Figure C021542340004C3
其中R1和R2独立地是芴基；
R3和R4独立地是氢、C1-30烷基、C6-30芳基或C1-30杂环基；和
X是磺酰二亚苯基。
11.权利要求10的电荷转移化合物，含有下通式的中心核，
Figure C021542340005C1
其中R5和R6独立地是氢、C1-30烷基或C6-30芳基。
12.权利要求11的电荷转移化合物选自下述化合物
Figure C021542340005C2
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EP1310483A1 (en) 2003-05-14
US20030138712A1 (en) 2003-07-24
KR100462625B1 (ko) 2004-12-23
JP3724738B2 (ja) 2005-12-07
DE60209314D1 (de) 2006-04-27
US6696209B2 (en) 2004-02-24
DE60209314T2 (de) 2006-11-02
EP1310483B1 (en) 2006-02-22
KR20030039311A (ko) 2003-05-17

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