CN1268220C - Method for extracting maize germ oil and recovering protein by water enzyme method - Google Patents
Method for extracting maize germ oil and recovering protein by water enzyme method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1268220C CN1268220C CN 200410014630 CN200410014630A CN1268220C CN 1268220 C CN1268220 C CN 1268220C CN 200410014630 CN200410014630 CN 200410014630 CN 200410014630 A CN200410014630 A CN 200410014630A CN 1268220 C CN1268220 C CN 1268220C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for extracting maize germ oil and recovering protein by a water enzyme method, which belongs to the technical field of oil extracting technology by a water enzyme method. The present invention adopts maize germs as raw materials, and free maize germ oil is obtained by the soaking heat treatment of a dilute citric acid solution, draining, adding water for milling, enzymolysis and centrifugation; a soaking solution obtained by draining is mixed with a hydrolyzing solution obtained by centrifugation, and protein is obtained by sodium-filtration, vacuum concentration, spray drying and recovery. The wet maize germs which are the raw materials of the present invention are frozen and unfrozen for two times by repetition. The dilute citric acid solution is used for soaking heat treatment, and the enzymolysis technology of acid proteinase combining cellulase is adopted during enzymolysis. The unique processing technology largely improves the extraction rate of free oil. The free oil has good quality and easy refining, and the nutritive value and the function value of recovered protein can be preferably kept. Compared with the technology of a traditional squeezing method and a water extracting method, the method of the present invention has the advantages of simple preparation process and device, safe operation, low energy consumption and less pollution, and the BOD value and the COD value in waste water are largely reduced and are easy to process.
Description
Technical field
Extraction of Corn Germ Oil by Aqueous Enzymatic Method and reclaim method of protein belongs to the technical field of aqueous enzymatic method oil extracting process.
Background technology
Along with the development of grease production technology in modern age, maize germ has become resourceful inexpensive edible oil materials, and maize germ oil is a vegetable oil of extracting from maize germ.Maize germ accounts for the 10-15% of corn weight, and maize germ oil then accounts for about 50% of maize germ.
Maize germ oil contains nutmeg acid 0.1-1.7%, palmitic acid 8-12%, stearic acid 2.5-4.5%, oleic acid 19-49%, linoleic acid 34-62%, leukotrienes 0-2.9%, and its aliphatic acid is formed better, and the overwhelming majority is a unsaturated acids." essential fatty acid " content of maize germ oil is quite abundant, is higher in vegetable oil.Simultaneously, the provitamin A in the maize germ oil, vitamin D are much abundanter than general vegetable oil, in addition, also contain tocopherol and more phosphatide.Existing result of study shows that maize germ oil has the effect that reduces serum cholesterol, and is powerful to obesity, high fat of blood, hypertension, diabetes and patients with coronary heart disease.
The protein of corn mainly is alcohol soluble protein and glutelin, respectively accounts for about 40%; Lysine and tryptophane are lower, are limiting amino acids.Protein major part in the maize germ is albumin and globulin, and its amino acid is formed similar in vain to egg, has higher nutritive value.This shows that maize germ is not only important oil resource, also is good protein resource.
Oil and method of protein have methods such as squeezing, leaching in the tradition separation oil plant, promptly extract oil earlier from oil plant, again two step process routes of extraction protein from the gained grouts.Though these method oil extracting rates are higher, put forward oily process and all cause the sex change of protein in various degree, thereby influence its nutritive value and functional character, and the solvent leaching need remove dissolving agent process, equipment is many, and investment is big, pollutes heavy.Along with the development of oil prodution industry in modern age, people explore a kind of new oil extracting methods-water extraction again.Water extraction is materials such as the soluble protein, carbohydrate in water and the sig water dissolving oil plant, and regulator solution pH value is to isoelectric points of proteins then, by centrifugal, and a kind of separation method of step separating oil such as spray-drying and protein.In the process that water is carried, usually add protease, to improve the recovery rate of protein.
Though water extraction has unique advantage than traditional milling process, lixiviation process, oil can be separated simultaneously with protein, and gentle processing conditions makes higher nutritive value and the functional character of protein maintenance, make pigment and other noxious materials water-soluble and remove again.Oil yield is low, protein recovery is not high but mechanical shear stress that water extraction applies oil plant and insufficient pressure cause with thorough destruction plant tissue cell's wall, oil yield is very low during in particular for the lower oilseed of oil content, part oil and combined with protein make very easily oxidative rancidity of product.The grease part of vegetable oil material cell is free form with minimum drop and is distributed in the gel mesh that protein and other materials form, and most of form with the lipid body exists.The skin of lipid body is the boundary film that the protein hydrophilic radical constitutes, the nexine hydrophobic grouping that then curling, and grease combines with these hydrophobic groupings and is surrounded by protein.Have only eucaryotic cell structure and lipid body to destroy, could extract grease wherein the oil plant tissue.Therefore, exploring the eucaryotic cell structure and the lipid body that how thoroughly to destroy the oil plant tissue is the key that improves oil yield, reduces residual oil content in the protein.
Make a general survey of both at home and abroad, aqueous enzymatic method is carried oil from maize germ research still is less at present, and the yield of oil is lower, and production cost is higher and can not satisfy the requirement in market.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Extraction of Corn Germ Oil by Aqueous Enzymatic Method and reclaim method of protein.On the basis of determining enzyme process oil extracting process route, obtain higher free oil recovery rate by optimizing technology, reclaim the protein and the carbohydrate of high-quality simultaneously, the production cost of maize germ oil is further reduced, satisfy the demand of market maize germ oil with suitable price.
Technical scheme of the present invention: with the maize germ is raw material, soaks heat treatment, drains, adds the water mill slurry, enzymolysis, centrifugally obtains free maize germ oil through rare citric acid solution; The hydrolyzate that will drain the soak of back gained and centrifugal back gained mix through nanofiltration, vacuum concentrate, spray-drying reclaims and obtains protein and carbohydrate.Concrete technology is:
Soak heat treatment: with the moisture 40-60% wet corn plumule after thawing is raw material, is soaked in the citric acid solution of 0.005-0.02mol/L, and feed liquid kg/L ratio is to amount to butt meter maize germ: citric acid is 1: 5-7; Heat treatment temperature is 110-125 ℃, and heat treatment time is 60-70 minute.
Raw materials used wet corn plumule can make oil extracting rate reach 87-91% through freeze-thawing repeatedly twice.This is that therefore intracellular concentration of component can increase because in freezing process, large quantity of moisture escapes to the space between cells in the cell.Ice crystal particle in cell and the space between cells is longer bigger, and ice crystal is thicker, and cell tissue is injured, and Li Mian grease is easy to disengage like this.
The wet corn plumule that thaws is soaked in rare citric acid solution with the ratio of 1: 6 (dry kg/L), handles in thermophilic digestion.Obviously improve through the Overheating Treatment soluble solid content.The soluble solid stripping quantity is many more, and the free oil recovery rate in the enzymolysis liquid is high more.Reason is in heat treated process, a part of solable matter dissolves in the water in the cell, stripping is many more, then the cell tissue structure is loose more, in enzymolysis process subsequently, the contact-making surface of enzyme-to-substrate is big more, and enzymolysis also carries out with regard to easy more, the degree of cell tissue structural deterioration is also just big more thereupon, thereby shows that the free oil recovery rate improves with the increase of soluble solid stripping quantity.
Drain: cooling back drains with sieving, and drains thing and is used for next procedure and adds the water mill slurry and handle, and the soak that drains the back gained is used to reclaim the protein processing.
Add the water mill slurry: will drain thing and add water, the material water quality is than being butt meter raw material: water is 1: 5-7, and with twice of sand disk starch mill making beating.
Enzymolysis: material adds the acid protease of butt meter material quantity 2-3% behind the defibrination, at pH3-3.5, and temperature 35-45 ℃, enzymolysis 6-8 hour; Be warming up to 45-55 ℃ again, regulate pH to 4.5-5.5, add the cellulase of butt meter material quantity 1-2%, enzymolysis 10-14 hour.
Adopt the enzymolysis process of 2-3% (enzyme/dried maize germ) acid protease in conjunction with 1-2% (enzyme/dried maize germ) cellulase, the free oil yield can reach 87%-91%.Single cellulase is limited to improving the oil yield effect, and reason is that plant cell wall is to be skeleton with the cellulose, and with big molecule be combined into such as hemicellulose, pectin and a small amount of protein, so cellulase can't make plant cell wall entirely collapse.Adopt complex enzyme system to handle, the grease yield can significantly improve.Protease is to the hydrolysis of protein, the lipoprotein in the pair cell or since in defibrination oil-producing technique process one deck protein film of envelope outside oil droplet of phosphatide and combined with protein formation destroy, thereby reach the purpose that grease is discharged.Thereby protease and cellulase combine and can well destroy cell membrane, thereby grease can be discharged smoothly.
Centrifugal: enzymolysis liquid is directly centrifugal, separates to obtain free oil, emulsion layer, hydrolyzate and residue, and emulsion layer centrifugation once more obtains free oil, merges the gained free oil and promptly obtains maize germ oil; The hydrolyzate of centrifugal back gained is used to reclaim protein.
Reclaim protein and carbohydrate: will drain the soak of back gained and the hydrolyzate of centrifugal back gained and mix through nanofiltration, hold back the material of relative molecular mass greater than 150Da, concentrated through vacuum again, spray-drying reclaims and obtains protein and carbohydrate powder.
Analytical method
The mensuration of protein content: Kjeldahl (GB5009.5-85);
Determination of fat: Soxhlet extraction process (GB5009.6-85);
The mensuration of moisture: direct drying method (GB5009.3-85);
The mensuration of content of ashes: calcination gravimetric method (GB5009.4-85);
Coarse-fibred mensuration: acidic cleaning method;
The mensuration of ash content: gravimetric method;
The mensuration of reduced sugar: DNS method;
The mensuration of carbohydrate: carbohydrate (%)=100-(moisture+thick protein+ash content+crude fat+crude fibre) * 100
The mensuration of albumen powder relative molecular mass: adopt the distribution of the relative molecular mass of gel filtration chromatography albumen powder.Its primary condition is as follows: gel rubber material, SephadexG-25; Column volume, Φ 1.6 * 100cm; Eluant, eluent, 0.2mol/L phosphate buffer pH7.4; The effluent volume flow, 16ml/h; Detect wavelength, 220nm.Standard molecule quality material: glutathione, relative molecular mass 307Da; V
B12, relative molecular mass 1354Da.
The yield of free oil:
m
1: free oil heavy (g), m
2: maize germ dry weight (g), f: fat mass mark (%) in the dried maize germ.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: traditional milling process and lixiviation process, though their oil yield height are proposed the sex change that oily process causes protein in various degree, thereby influence its nutritive value and functional character, and solvent leaching need desolventizing process, equipment is many, investment is big, pollutes heavy.The aqueous enzymatic method oil extracting process is a kind of emerging oil extracting methods, compares with traditional handicraft, and the aqueous enzymatic method oil extracting process has following tangible advantage:
1. equipment is simple, and handling safety is polluted few;
2. can improve oil yield efficiency, and resulting free oil quality is higher, is easy to refining;
3. enzymatic treatment mild condition, maize germ is also recyclable most of protein and carbohydrate after degreasing;
4. oil is easily separated with residue, as adopting three-phase centrifuge separating oil, hydrolyzate and residue, can improve the device processes ability greatly;
5. the relative energy consumption of production process is low, and BOD and COD value greatly descend in the waste water, is easy to handle;
6. the maize germ moisture of wet production can be directly used in enzymolysis and carry oil up to 50%.
This shows that aqueous enzymatic method preliminary treatment system oil tech is with a wide range of applications.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Taking by weighing moisture and be 54.44% wet corn plumule 6585.30g (dried maize germ is 3000g) is soaked in the citric acid solution of 0.01mol/L of 18L, in the double-deck vertical electric steam disinfecting apparatus of YX-400A, heat-treat, temperature control is in 120 ℃, handle 65min, drain, drain thing and add water with twice on emery wheel mill mill in the material-water ratio of 1: 6 (butt).At natural pH value (scope about 3～3.5), 40 ℃ of acid proteases that add 2.5% (enzyme/dry) down, enzymolysis 7h; Be warming up to 50 ℃, regulate the pH value, add the cellulase of 1.5% (enzyme/dry), enzymolysis 12h in 5.0.Directly centrifugal, obtain free oil, emulsion layer, hydrolyzate and residue after centrifugal, calculate the yield of free oil, can reach 87-91%.
The centrifugal hydrolyzate that obtains with drain after the soak that obtains merge, with the relative molecular mass 150Da that dams, the effective film area is 2.6m
2NF membrane carry out nanofiltration.Nanofiltration system: NF 200-2540 membrane component, Nanjing be my the film company rolling NF membrane of producing for a long time, and the film material is an aromatic polyamide, and the relative molecular mass that dams is greater than the material of 150Da, and the effective film area is 2.6m
2, pH value scope of application 3-11, maximum operating pressure is 4 * 10
6Pa, maximum allowable operating temperature (M.A.O.T.) is 40 ℃.Nanofiltration condition: inlet pressure 1.0MPa, outlet pressure 0.8MPa.The liquid that dams concentrates through the rotation vacuum again, and then spray-drying just can obtain protein and carbohydrate powder.
Claims (1)
1. an Extraction of Corn Germ Oil by Aqueous Enzymatic Method and reclaim method of protein is characterized in that technology is:
A) soak heat treatment: with through after freezing-thaw repeatedly twice, moisture 40-60% wet corn plumule after thawing is a raw material, be soaked in the citric acid solution of 0.005-0.02mol/L maize germ: the feed liquid kg/L ratio of citric acid solution is amounted to butt and is counted 1: 5-7; Heat treatment temperature is 110-125 ℃, and heat treatment time is 60-70 minute;
B) drain: cooling back drains with sieving, and drains thing and is used for next procedure and adds the water mill slurry and handle, and the soak that drains the back gained is used to reclaim the protein processing;
C) add the water mill slurry: will drain thing and add water, the material water quality is than being butt meter raw material: water is 1: 5-7, with twice of sand disk starch mill making beating;
D) enzymolysis: material adds the acid protease of butt meter material quantity 2-3% behind the defibrination, at pH3-3.5, and temperature 35-45 ℃, enzymolysis 6-8 hour; Be warming up to 45-55 ℃ again, regulate pH to 4.5-5.5, add the cellulase of butt meter material quantity 1-2%, enzymolysis 10-14 hour;
E) centrifugal: enzymolysis liquid is directly centrifugal, separates to obtain free oil, emulsion layer, hydrolyzate and residue, and emulsion layer centrifugation once more obtains free oil, merges the gained free oil and promptly obtains maize germ oil; The hydrolyzate of centrifugal back gained is used to reclaim protein;
F) recovery protein and carbohydrate: will drain the soak of back gained and the hydrolyzate mixing of centrifugal back gained and hold back the material of relative molecular mass greater than 150Da through nanofiltration, concentrated through vacuum again, spray-drying reclaims and obtains protein and carbohydrate powder.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410014630 CN1268220C (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | Method for extracting maize germ oil and recovering protein by water enzyme method |
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| CN 200410014630 CN1268220C (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | Method for extracting maize germ oil and recovering protein by water enzyme method |
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| CN1268220C true CN1268220C (en) | 2006-08-09 |
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Families Citing this family (16)
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| CN100427576C (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2008-10-22 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Extraction of hickory nut oil from water enzyme |
| CN100418429C (en) * | 2006-08-15 | 2008-09-17 | 尤新 | Integrate extraction method for oil and protein powder from maize germ |
| CN101224022B (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2012-10-31 | 天津科技大学 | Processing method for simultaneously preparing sesame oil and protein by water enzymatic extraction |
| CN101218971B (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2011-08-17 | 广西师范大学 | Technique for extracting anise tree seed kernel oil and fat with complex enzymolysis |
| CN102018092B (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-12-26 | 山东省鲁洲食品集团有限公司 | Method for extracting protein from maize germ dregs |
| CN102888275A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-23 | 新疆中富益健生物科技有限公司 | Methods for extracting Badam oil and proteins |
| CN103436350A (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2013-12-11 | 烟台大学 | Aqueous enzymatic method for extracting rapeseed oil and recovering protein |
| CN103409487B (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2015-03-25 | 郑州市中食农产品加工研究院 | Method used for extracting maize germ active components |
| CN103540395B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-08-12 | 山东西王食品有限公司 | A kind of method of Extraction of Corn Germ Oil by Aqueous Enzymatic Method |
| CN103504118B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-03-04 | 山东西王糖业有限公司 | Method for extracting albumen powder from corn germ meal |
| CN106879753A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-23 | 中粮集团有限公司 | The method that steam explosion aids in Extraction of Corn Germ Oil by Aqueous Enzymatic Method |
| CN106318604A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 邵玉华 | Healthcare corn oil preparation method |
| CN106318595A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 邵玉华 | Corn oil preparation method with high oil yield |
| CN113122368B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2023-12-26 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | Method for producing aroma by corn oil |
| CN113444568A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-28 | 山东西王食品有限公司 | Nutritional corn oil rich in natural ferulic acid and production process thereof |
| CN115322828A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-11 | 绥化学院 | Raw material pretreatment process for extracting corn germ oil by aqueous enzymatic method |
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Assignee: Xiangxiang Hualong Rice Industry Co., Ltd. Assignor: Jiangnan University Contract fulfillment period: 2009.8.6 to 2019.8.5 contract change Contract record no.: 2009430000175 Denomination of invention: Method for extracting maize germ oil and recovering protein by water enzyme method Granted publication date: 20060809 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 20091027 |
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Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENSE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2009.8.6 TO 2019.8.5; CHANGE OF CONTRACT Name of requester: XIANGXIANG CITY HUALONG RICE CO., LTD. Effective date: 20091027 |