CN102018092B - Method for extracting protein from maize germ dregs - Google Patents
Method for extracting protein from maize germ dregs Download PDFInfo
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- CN102018092B CN102018092B CN 201010599034 CN201010599034A CN102018092B CN 102018092 B CN102018092 B CN 102018092B CN 201010599034 CN201010599034 CN 201010599034 CN 201010599034 A CN201010599034 A CN 201010599034A CN 102018092 B CN102018092 B CN 102018092B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting protein from maize germ dregs, belonging to the technical field of protein engineering. The method for extracting the protein from the maize germ dregs comprises the following steps of: 1) adding water to the maize germ dregs, then adding protease after regulating reaction temperature and pH value, and hydrolyzing; 2) centrifuging to take supernate and inactivating enzyme to obtain primary enzyme extraction liquid for later use; 3) adding water to the centrifuged precipitate produced in the step 2), regulating the reaction temperature and the pH value, hydrolyzing, centrifuging to take the supernate, inactivating the enzyme to obtain secondary enzyme extraction liquid; and 4) merging the primary enzyme extraction liquid produced in the steps 2) and the secondary enzyme extraction liquid produced in the step 3), regulating pH, centrifuging to take the precipitate, washing, drying, and obtaining the protein. In the method, the maize germ dregs with corn oil extracted through cooking are used as raw materials to produce maize germ protein, thereby solving the difficult problem that the maize germ protein can not be extracted from the raw materials by acid-alkali method owing to degeneration at high temperature, and the extraction rate is up to 60%-70%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of from corn germ cake method for extracting proteins, belong to the protein engineering field.
Background technology
Maize germ is the byproduct of cornstarch processing, and the rich of originating at home contains higher fat and protein.Generally be used to produce maize germ oil at present.In order to improve the oil productivity of plumule, tradition is all advanced the heat treatment (also claiming to steam to fry) more than 100 ℃ to plumule, purpose be to destroy plumule cell membrane, make the protein coagulating sex change, reduce grease viscosity and make it aggegation and flow out.But only considered the recovery of the grease of 35-40% in the plumule, reckoning without the germ protein that still contains in the plumule about 20% can't recycle.Corn germ protein is a kind of high-quality protein, mainly is made up of globulin and albumin, and these two kinds of albumen account for more than 60% of total protein content.The amino acid of corn germ protein is formed with the amino acid composition of egg albumen closely similar, and biological value is high, and human protein's standard of recommending with FAO/WHO has uniformity preferably.Corn germ protein has good retentiveness, emulsibility and emulsion stability, can be used as food additives and is applied in cake, meat food, protein beverage and the bakery product manufacture.
Behind the maize germ system oil, the corn germ cake crude protein content of acquisition is 50%-60%.Because it is high-temperature denatured; Make and to dissolve very difficult proposition of full price albumen that acid is carried by alkali; Because enzymatic hydrolysis corn germ protein action condition is gentle, degree of hydrolysis is controlled easily, and because enzyme has specificity; Different enzyme hydrolysis same proteins can obtain the peptide section that different aminoacids is formed, so enzymatic hydrolysis is the common method of producing the corn germ protein biologically active peptide at present.Its biologically active peptide has special physiological function, is absorbed by the body easily, and is safe, can be used as the unsound specific crowd of digestive system function (alimentary canal protease hyposecretion patient, the elderly, anaphylaxis baby's etc.) meals dietary protein origin.Therefore germ protein is reclaimed in research from corn germ cake, with the raising resource utilization, and is the social new protein resource of nutrient health more of developing.
Publication number is the Chinese patent of CN1095059A; A kind of method of producing amino acid by using corn chop is disclosed; It utilizes the corn chop that pressed oil to be raw material, and technological process is with leaching starch after the hydrolysis of the embryo dregs of rice, again with hydrolyzate neutralization, decolouring; Use activated carbon filtration, from destainer, extract tyrosine; Its filtrating is concentrated, filters, obtain containing leucic double salt, remaining filtrating contains 18 seed amino acids; Residual filtrate also can be made soy sauce, beverage.This patent application is to utilize alkali to dissolve the method that acid puies forward to extract the amino acid in the corn chop after squeezing preparation corn oil, is not suitable for that to adopt high temperature to steam the corn chop that the stir-fry mode prepares after the corn oil be raw material extraction albumen.Publication number is the Chinese patent of CN1561769A, discloses a kind of Extraction of Corn Germ Oil by Aqueous Enzymatic Method and has reclaimed method of protein, belongs to the technical field of aqueous enzymatic method oil extracting process.It is to be raw material with the maize germ, soaks heat treatment, drains, adds the water mill slurry, enzymolysis, centrifugally obtains free maize germ oil through rare citric acid solution; The hydrolyzate that will drain soak and the centrifugal back gained of back gained mix through nanofiltration, vacuum concentrate, spray-drying reclaims and obtains protein.This method complex process, energy consumption is high, and this technical scheme can't be handled the corn chop of frying after extracting corn oil through steaming.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of prior art, provide a kind of from corn germ cake method for extracting proteins, to improve the comprehensive utilization benefit of maize germ.
A kind of from corn germ cake method for extracting proteins, comprise the steps, be mass ratio:
1) after corn germ cake adds water in the ratio of material-water ratio 1: 8～12; Conditioned reaction temperature to 35～42 ℃, pH value 7.5～8.5 are pressed 0.5%～3% of protein content in the corn germ cake and are added protease, hydrolysis 4～8h; Keep the pH value constant in the course of reaction, get hydrolyzate;
2) hydrolyzate that step 1) is made is cooled to room temperature, and centrifugal 10～15min gets supernatant under 3000～5000r/min condition, the enzyme that under 80～90 ℃, goes out 10～20min alive, and it is subsequent use to get a zyme extract;
3) with step 2) deposition after centrifugal adds water in the ratio of material-water ratio=1: 8～12; Conditioned reaction temperature to 35～42 ℃, pH value 7.5～8.5; Behind hydrolysis 0.5～1h, the centrifugal 10～15min of 3000～5000r/min gets supernatant; The enzyme that under 80～90 ℃, goes out 10～20min alive gets the secondary zyme extract;
4) combining step 2) secondary zyme extract that zyme extract making and step 3) make, transfer pH to 4.0～4.5, centrifugal 25～30min gets deposition under 3000～3500r/min, after washing, the drying, promptly get corn germ cake extraction albumen.
Protease in the said step 1) is trypsase, and enzyme is lived and is 10000U/mg.
Reaction temperature in the said step 1) is 40 ℃, and pH 8.0.
Constant through adding 1mol/l NaOH adjusting pH value in course of reaction in the said step 1).
Said step 2) and/or the enzyme that under 85 ℃, goes out in the step 3) 15min that lives.
Transfer pH to 4.2, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min in the said step 4).
Transfer pH to 4.0～4.5 o'clock to regulate in the said step 4) with 10% hydrochloric acid.
Washing is washed 1 time with the deionization of pH4.0 in the said step 4), transfers pH to 7.0 then.
Dry employing freeze drying in the said step 4).
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following:
(1) the present invention utilizes the corn germ cake through steam to fry extracting after the corn oil to be raw material production corn germ protein matter, solved since in the raw material corn germ protein because high-temperature denatured, the difficult problem that can't extract with acid-base method;
(2) the present invention utilizes the plumule cake protein in the trypsase waste residue plumule dregs of rice that industry produces to maize germ oil to be hydrolyzed; Make it become soluble polypeptide, through regulating the protein in pH value, the deposition zyme extract, drying makes albumen powder then; Technology is simple; Energy consumption is low, is the utilization again to the waste residue plumule dregs of rice, has improved the economic benefit of maize germ comprehensive utilization greatly;
(3) the present invention can fully extract the protein in the corn germ cake, and recovery rate can reach 60%～70%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment the present invention is done further elaboration.Be mass ratio among the embodiment; Corn germ cake employing publication number among the embodiment is the corn germ cake after the one Chinese patent application of CN101507452A is extracted maize germ oil; Water content 10.93%; Protein content is 20.3% (based on dry substance), and trypsase is available from Jinan Ya Kanglinuo bioengineering Co., Ltd, the enzyme 10000U/mg that lives.
Embodiment 1
A kind of from corn germ cake method for extracting proteins, as shown in Figure 1, comprise the steps, be mass ratio:
1) with corn germ cake 1kg; Ratio in material-water ratio=1: 12 adds water, puts into enzyme reactor, 40 ℃ of conditioned reaction temperature, pH value 8.0; The trypsase 3.6g that adds 10000U/mg; Stirring at low speed hydrolysis 4h keeps the constant of pH value through adding 1mol/lNaOH in course of reaction, get hydrolyzate;
2) hydrolyzate that step 1) is made is cooled to room temperature, and centrifugal 10min gets supernatant under the 4000r/min condition, the enzyme that under 85 ℃, goes out 15min alive, and it is subsequent use to get a zyme extract;
3) with step 2) deposition after centrifugal adds water in the ratio of material-water ratio=1: 10, puts into enzyme reactor, conditioned reaction temperature to 40 ℃, pH value 8.0; Behind the hydrolysis 30min, the centrifugal 10min of 4000r/min gets supernatant; The enzyme that under 85 ℃, goes out 15min alive gets the secondary zyme extract;
4) combining step 2) secondary zyme extract that zyme extract making and step 3) make, the hydrochloric acid with 10% is transferred pH to 4.2, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min; Get deposition, wash 1 time, transfer pH to 7.0 with the deionization of pH4.0; Freeze drying promptly gets corn germ cake and extracts albumen.
Get the waste residue after corn germ cake extracts protein, detect through utilizing Kjeldahl, protein content is 6.69% in the waste residue, and protein hydrolysis ratio is 79.5%, and through calculating, extraction rate of protein is 66.8%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of from corn germ cake method for extracting proteins, as shown in Figure 1, comprise the steps, be mass ratio:
1) with corn germ cake 1kg; Ratio in material-water ratio=1: 10 adds water, puts into enzyme reactor, 40 ℃ of conditioned reaction temperature, pH value 8.0; The trypsase 4.5g that adds 10000U/mg; Stirring at low speed hydrolysis 5h keeps the constant of pH value through adding 1mol/lNaOH in course of reaction, get hydrolyzate;
2) hydrolyzate that step 1) is made is cooled to room temperature, and centrifugal 15min gets supernatant under the 3000r/min condition, the enzyme that under 85 ℃, goes out 15min alive, and it is subsequent use to get a zyme extract;
3) with step 2) deposition after centrifugal adds water in the ratio of material-water ratio=1: 10, puts into enzyme reactor, conditioned reaction temperature to 40 ℃, pH value 8.0; Behind the hydrolysis 30min, the centrifugal 10min of 4000r/min gets supernatant; The enzyme that under 85 ℃, goes out 15min alive gets the secondary zyme extract;
4) combining step 2) secondary zyme extract that zyme extract making and step 3) make, transfer pH to 4.2, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min with 10% hydrochloric acid; Get deposition, wash 1 time, transfer pH to 7.0 with the deionization of pH4.0; Freeze drying promptly gets corn germ cake and extracts albumen.
Get the waste residue after corn germ cake extracts protein, detect through utilizing Kjeldahl, protein content is 6.24% in the waste residue, and protein hydrolysis ratio is 81.4%, and through calculating, extraction rate of protein is 68.3%.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment; Anyone can draw other various forms of concrete schemes under enlightenment of the present invention; No matter substitute and conversion but what kind of is done, the every and same or analogous technical scheme of the application is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a method for extracting proteins from corn germ cake is characterized in that, comprises the steps, is mass ratio:
1) after corn germ cake adds water in the ratio of material-water ratio 1:8～12; Conditioned reaction temperature to 35～42 ℃, pH value 7.5～8.5 are pressed 0.5%～3% of protein content in the corn germ cake and are added protease, hydrolysis 4～8h; Keep the pH value constant in the course of reaction, get hydrolyzate;
2) hydrolyzate that step 1) is made is cooled to room temperature, and centrifugal 10～15min under 3000～5000 r/min conditions gets supernatant, the enzyme that under 80～90 ℃, goes out 10～20min alive, and it is subsequent use to get a zyme extract;
3) with step 2) deposition after centrifugal adds water in the ratio of material-water ratio=1:8～12; Conditioned reaction temperature to 35～42 ℃, pH value 7.5～8.5; Behind hydrolysis 0.5～1h, the centrifugal 10～15min of 3000～5000 r/min gets supernatant; The enzyme that under 80～90 ℃, goes out 10～20min alive gets the secondary zyme extract;
4) combining step 2) secondary zyme extract that zyme extract making and step 3) make, transfer pH to 4.0～4.5, centrifugal 25～30min gets deposition under 3000～3500r/min, after washing, the drying, promptly get corn germ cake extraction albumen;
Protease in the said step 1) is trypsase, and enzyme is lived and is 10000U/mg.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the reaction temperature in the said step 1) is 40 ℃, and pH 8.0.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, and is constant through adding 1mol/l NaOH adjusting pH value in course of reaction in the said step 1).
4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, said step 2) and/or step 3) in the enzyme 15min that lives that under 85 ℃, goes out.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, transfers pH to 4.2, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min in the said step 4).
6, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, transfers pH to 4.0～4.5 o'clock with 10% hydrochloric acid adjusting in the said step 4).
7, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, washing is washed 1 time with the deionization of pH4.0 in the said step 4), transfers pH to 7.0 then.
8, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, dry employing freeze drying in the said step 4).
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| CN103504118B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-03-04 | 山东西王糖业有限公司 | Method for extracting albumen powder from corn germ meal |
| CN103627764A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-12 | 郑州市中食农产品加工研究院 | Method for preparing antioxidant peptide by stepwise enzymolysis of corn germ meal |
| CN106866781A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-20 | 嵊州市派特普科技开发有限公司 | The method that albumen powder is extracted from corn germ cake |
| CN107930179A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 安吉十万亩白茶有限公司 | A kind of method that albumen powder is extracted from corn germ cake |
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| CN1268220C (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2006-08-09 | 江南大学 | Method for extracting maize germ oil and recovering protein by water enzyme method |
| CN1765921A (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2006-05-03 | 黄磊 | Separated soybean protein preparation process and prepared soybean small peptide and process |
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