CN1256407A - Interference imaging spectrum technology and device thereof - Google Patents
Interference imaging spectrum technology and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel interference imaging spectrum technology and a spectrometer thereof, wherein the novel interference imaging spectrum technology has high energy flux, a multispectral channel, a high signal-to-noise ratio, high stability and a simple structure, and integrates the main advantages of a time modulation type and a space modulation type. The method is characterized in that radiation is cut into two beams of coherent light with a distance d along the direction perpendicular to an optical axis in the same direction, the cut target radiation is collected on a detector positioned on the back focal plane of the detector by a collection optical system, the radiation interferes at the position, an interference pattern signal output by the detector is digitized and then sent into a processor, and finally a hyper-spectral image of a target is obtained.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of interference imaging spectral technology and by the inteference imaging spectrometer of this technical design.
Imaging spectral technology is occur after 1980's one and merges optics, spectroscopy, precision optical machinery, electronic technology and computer technology in the high and new technology of one, it can obtain the abundant information of the space peacekeeping spectrum dimension of measured target, therefore have extremely important using value in Aero-Space remote sensing, scientific experiment, industry, agricultural, geology, ocean, safety or the like aspect many, be described as a quantum leap in the optical instrument development history.There is every year repeatedly thematic academic conference that this The Application of Technology situation and recent development is discussed in the world.
Imaging spectral technology mainly contains three types at present, i.e. color dispersion-type, interfere type and chromatography type.Wherein color dispersion-type has been in the application stage, and its feature is simple, stable, and shortcoming is that capacity usage ratio is very low, has therefore limited further developing of this quasi-instrument; Interfere type is in the ascendant, be in research new principle, design new instrument and Preliminary Applications stage, it has advantages such as high energy flux, multispectral passage and high spectral resolution, but the contradiction (be that the high instrument of flux has poor stability, can reduce flux of energy) that has stability and flux of energy simultaneously again and improve stability; The chromatography type is shown up prominently, and it has space and spectrum dimension hyperchannel advantage and variable resolution advantage, makes it to be subjected to scholar's attention, but to the undue dependence of big planar array detector, has limited its practicality again.Therefore, domestic and international at present research Showed Very Brisk to interference imaging spectral technology.
The interference imaging spectral technology that has occurred mainly contains two kinds, a kind of time modulation system (dynamically) that is based on Michelson interferometer; Another kind is based on the spatial modulation formula (static state) of lateral shearing interferometer.With them is that many kinds of inteference imaging spectrometers have appearred in the basis, the U.S., Japan, the multinational inteference imaging spectrometer that is used for Aero-Space remote sensing of all having succeeded in developing in succession in Europe, people also immediately following international forward position, have succeeded in developing dynamic and static inteference imaging spectrometer experimental provision.But there is serious defective separately in they: time modulation system flux height, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) height, spectral resolution height, but the ray machine poor stability is unsuitable for rugged surroundings such as field, space flight; Spatial modulation formula stability is high, real-time is good, simple in structure, has the high flux advantage under given conditions, but more often similar to color dispersion-type imaging spectrometer flux of energy, therefore, the sensitivity and the spatial resolution of instrument are very restricted.
The objective of the invention is to: propose a kind of have simultaneously high energy flux, multispectral passage, high s/n ratio, high stability, novel interference imaging spectral principle simple in structure, promptly integrate the novel interference imaging spectral technology and the spectrometer thereof of time modulation system and spatial modulation formula major advantage.
Technical method of the present invention is:
A, with radiation along perpendicular to optical axis direction, be cut at a distance of two bundles of d relevant in the same way
Light, their intensity is same or similar;
B, collect target emanation after optical system will be sheared and collect and be positioned at its back focal plane
On the detector, radiation is in interfere herein, and interference fringe direction and shear direction hang down
Directly, interference light path difference and shearing displacement, the detector effective dimensions is directly proportional, with collection light
The focal length of system is inversely proportional to;
C, the interferogram signal of detector output is carried out sending in the processor after the digitizing,
Obtain the HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY of target at last.
As target send for non-parallel radiant light, then before shearing, should collect and collimate, make the radiation of target change the directional light that field angle is arranged into.Shear light-splitting method and can adopt Sagnac type optical spectroscopy or polarization birefringence method.In order to guarantee the precision of spectroscopic data, with relative radiancy calibrating method, promptly represent the rate of change of spectral characteristic with the rate of change of radiation output, spectral characteristic is revised, also need simultaneously the optical path difference after shearing is calibrated and revised.According to the inteference imaging spectrometer of said method design, be pass order by light and electricity, spectrometer by lateral shearing interferometer, collect optical system, detector, signal obtains and disposal system combines.Also can be provided with preposition optical system before the lateral shearing interferometer.Also be provided with the scaling system that secondary light path is formed before the lateral shearing interferometer, this system comprises even area radiation source, calibration mirror and switched mirror.Evenly the face source adopts integrating sphere to combine with lambert's diffuse reflector, adopt calibration lamp direct irradiation lambert plate, the calibration mirror is an imaging len, optical system combination in it and lateral shearing interferometer and the collection system, even face source is imaged on the detector, and switched mirror is the secondary light path of calibration to be cut or withdrawn from the device of main optical path.Instrument is worked pushing away under the mode of sweeping, the interferogram signal of detector output handled, and scaled correction, can finish by computing machine and corresponding software thereof.
Drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is a kind of enforcement structure of spectrometer;
Fig. 2 is that the another kind of spectrometer is implemented structure.
Referring to Fig. 1, preposition optical system 1 has that the radiation that target is sent is collected and collimating effect (as telescopic system, photographic system etc., can adopt various forms such as refraction, reflection).Changing the radiation of target into directional light that different field angle are arranged is its fundamental purpose, also can be used for veiling glare control and radiation calibration.When long-range detections such as remote sensing were used, the target emanation that enters instrument had been similar to directional light, and preposition optical system 1 can be omitted.
Target emanation after lateral shearing interferometer 2 will collimate is along perpendicular to optical axis direction, be cut into two bundle coherent lights at a distance of d in the same way, and their intensity is same or similar, interferes at the back focal plane place of collecting optical system 3.Lateral shearing interferometer 2 can adopt the Sagnac entity form, and d, e are respectively the entity that two triangular prisms gummed constitutes, and cemented surface f is a light splitting surface, and light splitting surface is coated with the spectro-film (metal film or deielectric-coating all can, require to select according to specific design) of half-reflection and half-transmission.Lateral shearing interferometer 2 should have the high flux interference condition.
The target emanation of collecting after optical system 3 will be sheared is collected on the detector 4 that is positioned at its image planes, radiation is in interfere herein, the interference fringe direction is vertical with the shear direction of shearing interferometer, the interference light path difference is directly proportional with shearing displacement, detector effective dimensions, is inversely proportional to collection optical system 3 focal lengths.Optical path difference is big more, and spectral resolution is high more.
Detector 4 is receivers of interference signal, and instrument is when pushing away the mode of sweeping (push-broom, a kind of typical working method) work, and linear array detector can obtain the one-dimensional space and the one dimension spectral information of target; Planar array detector can obtain the two-dimensional space and the one dimension spectral information of target.
The designer also worked out the signal that is exclusively used in the LARGE APERTURE STATIC IMAGING inteference imaging spectrometer obtain with disposal system 5 mainly be the interferogram signal that obtains detector output, and with its digitizing, send in the processor (as computing machine) and handle, finally obtain the HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY of target, the major function of this process comprises: the compression of interferogram uncorrected data, transmission, decompression, error correction, spectrum recovering, spectral responsivity scaled correction, radiancy scaled correction etc.
The major function of scaling system is that the spectral response of whole instrument system and radiancy response are demarcated, and the branch of spectral responsivity calibration, radiancy calibration and relative calibration and absolute calibration is arranged.The definition of these notions is standards and general, and is necessary when also being the development imaging spectrometer.
In the LARGE APERTURE STATIC IMAGING inteference imaging spectrometer course of work, for output, can accurately obtain the spectral characteristic and the radiation characteristic of detected target according to this instrument detector, just must carry out quantification calibration, i.e. calibration to this instrument.
Because this instrument is different with the imaging spectrometer principle of present other type, therefore, the calibrating method of employing and targeting device are also different.
At first, before this instrument uses, the method that we adopt precision measurement to combine with COMPUTER CALCULATION in the laboratory, to this instrument chamber absolute light spectrum calibration that experimentizes, obtain the absolute spectral response curve, in computing machine spectrum recovering software, use this curve just can obtain the spectral characteristics of radiation of detected target according to the output of instrument detector.
But, instrument in use because underlying cause, its performance can change:
1 owing to pollute, and the transmitance of instrument reduces;
Reasons such as 2 owing to temperature variation, and electronic devices and components are aging, the electronic circuit change in gain;
3 owing to reasons such as vibrations, and the interferometer optical path difference is changed, and causes spectral line to change.
The result of these reasons changes the spectral characteristic of instrument, and this just requires above-mentioned laboratory spectral pattern is revised.
For this reason, we are provided with interior scaling system in this instrument, and its effect is to monitor that instrument performance has no change, if change, provides correction factor, to revise the absolute spectral pattern that the laboratory provides.
Should form by three parts by interior scaling system:
1 even area radiation source, this area radiation source can produce uniform and stable optical radiation, and its homogeneity and stability should be less than 1%, and the size in this face source should be able to be full of the visual field of inteference imaging spectrometer.Therefore, what we designed is scaling system in a kind of full visual field, and the face source side case that we adopt is the scheme that integrating sphere combines with lambert's diffuse reflector, and adds the optical fiber feedback system to monitor the variation of radiation of light source power, keeps stablizing of radiation output.Adopt method such as calibration lamp direct irradiation lambert plate also can realize above-mentioned source requirement, the aspects such as stability that its difference is physical dimension size, electric power size, system are difference to some extent.
2 calibration mirrors are imaging lens, and it and interferometer inner optical system make up, and above-mentioned even face source can be imaged on the detector of instrument.Change the focal length of calibration mirror, can adjust requirement above-mentioned Source size size.
3 switched mirror: calibration catoptron incision main optical path can be realized calibration, and switched mirror shifted out from main optical path when calibration finished, and does not exist when making instrument work and blocks optical issue.
During this scaling system work, evenly area radiation source, is imaged on the detector by the imaging spectrometer inner optical system through switched mirror incision main optical path through the imaging of calibration mirror, calculates by the software that uses a computer, and realizes following two kinds of calibrations:
1 optical path difference calibration: its objective is to check whether maximum interference light intensity position changes, and revise meanwhile, whether the actual horizontal shear capacity of inspection apparatus changes, and revises.The optical path difference calibration is that the decision of this principle of instrument must be done, and this point and other imaging spectrometer are different.
2 relative radiancy calibrations: other type imaging spectrometer adopts relative radiancy to calibrate the variation of revising instrument radiation output usually, for the LARGE APERTURE STATIC IMAGING inteference imaging spectrometer, key problem is how to revise the variation of instrument spectral pattern, to guarantee the precision of instrument spectroscopic data.Scaling system carried out the calibration of relative radiancy in we adopted, and represented the rate of change of instrument spectral characteristic with the rate of change of radiation output, and the spectral pattern of instrument is revised.For guaranteeing to revise precision, we have taked some technical measures, and as having added non-browning glass in the instrument light path, electronic circuit and detector add shielding protection, and the operating temperature range of control instrument etc.
Can derive multiple novel imaging spectrometer or spectrometer based on this principle, comprise imaging fourier transform spectrometer (IFTS), fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), some part of simplifying wherein also can produce many reduced form spectrometers or imaging spectrometer, as cancel the flight scaling system and can be used as ground and can reduce volume, detector with instrument, the preposition optical system of cancellation and adopt linear array increase scanning mirror, also can develop imaging or non-imaging spectrometer waving under the mode of sweeping (whisk, another typical working method).What the present invention proposed is the inteference imaging spectrometer new principle that a class has " high energy flux, multispectral passage, high s/n ratio, high stability (movement-less part during work), simple in structure " character, when should being " high flux " and " static state " condition, satisfies prominent feature, but not certain concrete form.Be applicable to ultraviolet, visible light or spectral coverage such as infrared.Optical system all adopts transmission-type (certainly adopt reflective or saturating back mixing box-like etc.).
The radiation that preposition optical system is sent target is imaged on its back focal plane place by a mirror group, and the front focal plane of b mirror group overlaps with the back focal plane of a mirror group, makes b mirror group a mirror group imaging collimation can be become directional light.Field stop c is placed at back focal plane place in a mirror group, and the shape of its restriction a mirror group image planes (image planes of total system) also has the effect of control parasitic light.
A lateral shearing beam-splitter that satisfies the high flux interference condition is placed in the parallel light path after the preposition optical system, its effect be with directional light along perpendicular to optical axis direction, in the same way (but not mirror to) be cut into two relevant light beams, when their intensity is same or similar, interfere most effective.Be to collect optical system thereafter.
In fact, the effect of preposition optical system and lateral shearing interference system is with the radiation collimation of detected target and is divided into a pair of coherent light beam.It interferes localization at infinity, collects optical system the interferogram of infinite distant place is collected its back focal plane, places a planar array detector at its back focal plane place and just can collect these interference fringes.The interference image that obtains in the LARGE APERTURE STATIC IMAGING inteference imaging spectrometer is very special, and it can become " image planes interferogram ", has both comprised the image information of target, has comprised interference information again.But interferogram is not complete, need sweep along pushing away of light beam shear direction by instrument and obtain complete interferogram.On detector, optical path difference be directly proportional along pushing away the field angle of sweeping direction, promptly the interference light path difference is zero during zero field angle, along with the increase of this direction field angle, the interference light path difference also increases.Therefore the radiation of the same impact point in the image planes interferogram that different visual fields are obtained is taken out, and just can constitute the complete interferogram of this point, and the rest may be inferred for other point.
The signal acquisition process system collects the image planes interferogram that obtains, and along with pushing away of instrument swept, puts out the complete interference fringe of every bit on the target in order.After obtaining complete interference fringe, revise, cut that toe becomes mark, spectrum recovering, spectral responsivity correction, radiancy correction, simple spectrum section image is synthetic and the synthetic supervisor of secondary color image, finishes obtaining of HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY mutually through bandpass filtering, position.
Accompanying drawing 2 is based on the another kind of embodiment of the principle of the invention.Wherein 1 is outer light shield, the control parasitic light; The 3rd, lateral shearing interferometer; The 4th, collect optical system, employing be refractive and reflective optical system; The 5th, interior light shield is is further prevented and treated parasitic light; The 6th, detector; The 7th, the flight scaling system, wherein e is uniformly light-emitting face source, and d is the calibration mirror, and 2 is switched mirror, and calibration is switched in its effect or main optical path enters optical system.This example is suitable for long-range detection, as Aero-Space remote sensing etc., but has omitted preposition optical system.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of interference imaging spectral technology that integrates time modulation system and spatial modulation formula major advantage is characterized in that:
A, with radiation along perpendicular to optical axis direction, be cut at a distance of two bundles of d relevant in the same way
Light, their intensity is same or similar;
The spy that is positioned at its back focal plane is collected in b, the target emanation of collecting after optical system will be sheared
Survey on the device, radiation is in interfere herein, and the interference fringe direction is vertical with shear direction,
Interference light path difference and shearing displacement, the detector effective dimensions is directly proportional, with the collection optical system
Focal length be inversely proportional to;
C, the interferogram signal of detector output is carried out sending in the processor, after the digitizing
After obtain the HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY of target.
2, interference imaging spectral technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that as target send for non-parallel radiant light, then before shearing, should collect and collimate, make the radiation of target change the directional light that field angle is arranged into.
3, interference imaging spectral technology according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that shearing light-splitting method and adopts Sagnac type optical spectroscopy or polarization birefringence method.
4, interference imaging spectral technology according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that in order to guarantee the precision of spectroscopic data, with relative radiancy calibrating method, promptly represent the rate of change of spectral characteristic with the rate of change of radiation output, spectral characteristic is revised, also needed simultaneously the optical path difference after shearing is calibrated and revised.
5, interference imaging spectral technology according to claim 3, it is characterized in that in order to guarantee the precision of spectroscopic data, with relative radiancy calibrating method, promptly represent the rate of change of spectral characteristic with the rate of change of radiation output, spectral characteristic is revised, also needed simultaneously the optical path difference after shearing is calibrated and revised.
6, a kind of inteference imaging spectrometer is characterized in that the pass order by light and electricity, spectrometer by lateral shearing interferometer, collect optical system, detector, signal obtains and disposal system combines.
7, inteference imaging spectrometer according to claim 6 is characterized in that also being provided with preposition optical system before lateral shearing interferometer.
8, according to claim 6 or 7 described inteference imaging spectrometers, it is characterized in that before lateral shearing interferometer, also being provided with the scaling system that secondary light path is formed, this system comprises even area radiation source, calibration mirror and switched mirror.
9, inteference imaging spectrometer according to claim 8, it is characterized in that even face source employing integrating sphere combines with lambert's diffuse reflector, adopt calibration lamp direct irradiation lambert plate, the calibration mirror is an imaging len, optical system combination in it and lateral shearing interferometer and the collection system, even face source is imaged on the detector, and switched mirror is the secondary light path of calibration to be cut or withdrawn from the device of main optical path.
10, inteference imaging spectrometer according to claim 9 is characterized in that instrument works pushing away under the mode of sweeping, the interferogram signal of detector output handled, and scaled correction, can finish by computing machine and corresponding software thereof.
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| CN100420925C (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2008-09-24 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Calibration system for on-satellite self-focusing mirror of interference type hyperspectral imager |
| CN100455985C (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-01-28 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Gluing detection method of lateral shearing interferometer |
| WO2009109078A1 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A hadamard transform interference spectrum imaging method and device |
| CN102353448A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-02-15 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Absolute calibration method for radiance of Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer |
| CN102419207A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2012-04-18 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Spectral plane or focal plane installation and debugging method of hyperspectral imager |
| CN102749042A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-24 | 南京理工大学 | Double-triangle type multi-channel medium wave infrared interference detection device |
| CN102818630A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-12-12 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | Spectrum calibration method of interference type imaging spectrometer |
| CN103063304A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-24 | 南京理工大学 | Chromatic dispersion shear image surface interference hyper spectrum imaging device and method |
| CN103076092A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-01 | 南京理工大学 | Interference imaging spectroscopy device and method for improving spectral resolution |
| CN103822716A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-28 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | High modulation degree Fourier transform spectrum obtaining method and spectrograph |
| CN104165693A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-26 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Optical splicing method for interferogram of large-aperture static interference spectrum imager |
| CN104931141A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-23 | 西安交通大学 | White-light dual-Sagnac polarization imaging method for full Stokes parameter |
| CN105157836A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Spectral imaging device and method for synchronously acquiring polarization states |
| CN107655571A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-02-02 | 南京大学 | A kind of spectrum imaging system obscured based on dispersion and its spectrum reconstruction method |
| CN108931298A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-04 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of compact high throughput high stability inteference imaging spectrometer |
| CN110470397A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-19 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | It is a kind of without focusing interference spectroscope vacuum image planes pre-setting method |
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| CN100455985C (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-01-28 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Gluing detection method of lateral shearing interferometer |
| WO2009109078A1 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A hadamard transform interference spectrum imaging method and device |
| CN102353448A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-02-15 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Absolute calibration method for radiance of Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer |
| CN102419207A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2012-04-18 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Spectral plane or focal plane installation and debugging method of hyperspectral imager |
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| CN102818630B (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-10-08 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | Spectrum calibration method of interference type imaging spectrometer |
| CN103063304A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-24 | 南京理工大学 | Chromatic dispersion shear image surface interference hyper spectrum imaging device and method |
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| CN107655571B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-11-15 | 南京大学 | A kind of spectrum imaging system and its spectrum reconstruction method fuzzy based on dispersion |
| CN108931298A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-04 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of compact high throughput high stability inteference imaging spectrometer |
| CN108931298B (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-10-20 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Compact high-flux high-stability interference imaging spectrometer |
| CN110470397A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-19 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | It is a kind of without focusing interference spectroscope vacuum image planes pre-setting method |
| CN114216560A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-22 | 湖北久之洋红外***股份有限公司 | Optical system of long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer based on SAGNAC interferometer |
| CN114216560B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-11-10 | 湖北久之洋信息科技有限公司 | Long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer optical system based on SAGDNAC interferometer |
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