CN1249334C - 操作压燃式发动机的方法 - Google Patents

操作压燃式发动机的方法 Download PDF

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CN1249334C
CN1249334C CNB001352431A CN00135243A CN1249334C CN 1249334 C CN1249334 C CN 1249334C CN B001352431 A CNB001352431 A CN B001352431A CN 00135243 A CN00135243 A CN 00135243A CN 1249334 C CN1249334 C CN 1249334C
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fuel
engine
methyl alcohol
dimethyl ether
temperature
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CN1316583A (zh
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P·索布耶
P·E·H·尼尔森
N·J·布洛姆
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Topsoe AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/02—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
    • F02B69/04—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F02B3/08—Methods of operating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/06—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air
    • F02M31/08—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air the gases being exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

用转变甲醇原生燃料的方法获得的含甲醚燃料操作压燃式发动机的方法，包括如下步骤：(a)将液态的原生甲醇燃料加压到发动机最终喷射压力；(b)利用发动机废气中包含的热量预热该加压的原生燃料；(c)输入该原生燃料，并在发动机喷射温度和压力下通过与甲醇去水催化剂的接触将其转变为含二甲醚的燃料；(d)在该喷射压力和温度下，将该含二甲醚燃料喷入发动机。

Description

操作压燃式发动机的方法
本发明涉及操作压燃式发动机的方法，尤其涉及采用包含甲醇的原生燃料的这些发动机的操作。
压燃式发动机的最典型的例子是用高16烷值柴油工作的柴油机。为了减少由柴油燃烧产生的环境污染，以往，一直在作各种尝试，以对环境影响小的代用燃料来代替柴油。
在欧洲专利No.775,185中公开了柴油机用的这种代用燃料。这些公开的燃料主要由具有高至20％甲醇和水含量的二甲醚组成。
尽管以二甲醚为基础的燃料在柴油机中具有清洁的燃烧特性和高的效率，然而其主要缺点是在车辆上贮存和管理困难。在环境状态下，二甲醚呈气相。为将燃料转化到其更方便的液态，二甲醚燃料不得不在高压下贮存和管理。
本发明的总的目的是提供一种将车辆上原生的甲醇燃料转变为包含用以操作压燃式发动机的燃料的二甲醚而特别在车辆上设有困难的管理和贮存的方法。
按照上述目的，本发明是一种用转变甲醇原生燃料得到的包含二甲醚的燃料操作压燃发动机的方法，包括如下步骤：
将处于液态的原生甲醇燃料压缩到最终发动机喷射压力；
用包含在发动机废发中的热量来预热该加压的原生燃料；
输入该原生燃料，并在发动机的喷射温度和喷射压力下，将该燃料通过和甲醇去水催化剂的接触转变为包含二甲醚的燃料；
在喷射压力和温度下将包含二甲醚的燃料喷入发动机。
在发动机低负荷和起动运转周期内，发动机废气可能处在不足以提供点燃原生甲醇燃料的必要点燃温度。在这些情况下，在利用燃烧器内产生的部分含二甲醚燃料的燃烧的热量补充预热该燃料的上述操作方法中最好包含另一步骤。
在本发明的方法中，调节操作状况，以获得具有所希望的点燃性质的二甲醚燃料。
压缩点燃中所用的具有有效点燃和燃烧特性的各种醚燃料是上述二甲醚/甲醇/水混合物，甲醇和水的含量分别上至20％。在WO专利申请NO.PCT/EPOO/05275中，已表明包含二甲醚、甲醇和上至48％水的柴油是压燃式发动机中的有效燃料。
在二甲醚燃料组份的上述范围内，一般会将本发明的操作状况调节到250℃至350℃之间的喷射温度和15至30MPa的喷射压力。藉此，在绝热状态下，在去水催化剂的适当反应速率下，将甲醇转变为二甲醚、水和甲醇的混合物。
本文在以前和随后的叙述中所用的术语“喷射温度”和“喷射压力”是指二甲醚/水/甲醇燃料喷入发动机气缸内时的温度和压力。
参照附图下面将详细说明本发明的上述特点和方面，该单张图简略表示本发明方法中所用的设有甲醇去水反应器的公用干线燃料喷射***。
具有本发明的具体实施例中所用的公用干线燃料喷射***的压燃式发动机包括一甲醇罐2，经管路3连于绝热操作的去水反应器。该***还包括一个带喷射阀(未示)的公用干线喷射通道，以控制进入发动机喷射燃料流。热废气自发动机经废气通道16排入大气。当以正常负荷操作该***时，用甲醇泵20将甲醇自罐2泵压到喷入压力。被加压的甲醇利用来自在通道16内换热器22壳体表面上流过的灼热发动机废气的热量随后在换热器22内被简接预热到反应温度，例250℃至300℃。在发动机正常负荷周期内，经预热的甲醇通到设有固定的甲醇去水催化剂床的甲醇去水反应器4。具有上述组份范围的二甲醚/甲醇/水燃料自反应器4被抽出，送至公用干线喷射***12。在发动机起动或低负荷时，发动机排气温度可能不足对换热器22提供足够的热量。在发动机这些周期内，使一部分二甲醚燃料经管路24旁通该喷射干线12，在加热器26内燃烧，以便在输入反应器4之前对甲醇燃料提供补充的热量。
上述的叙述和参照的附图只是简略地说明本发明基本特点。在压燃式发动机中的部件和装置，包括该公用干线***内的喷射阀，显然是常规的，而旁通管路在该图中未示出。

Claims (2)

1.用转变甲醇原生燃料的方法获得的含二甲醚燃料操作压燃式发动机的方法，由如下步骤组成：
(a)将液态的甲醇原生燃料加压到15-30MPa发动机最终喷射压力；
(b)利用发动机废气中包含的热量预热该加压的原生燃料到250℃-350℃之间的喷射温度；
(c)在该发动机喷射温度和压力下通过与甲醇去水催化剂的接触输入该原生燃料并将其转变为包含甲醇、二甲醚和水的燃料；和
(d)在该喷射压力和温度下，将该燃料喷入该发动机。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于包含利用燃烧器内产生的部分含二甲醚燃料的燃烧的热量补充预热该燃料的另一步骤。
CNB001352431A 1999-12-10 2000-12-08 操作压燃式发动机的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1249334C (zh)

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CN101718224B (zh) * 2009-12-07 2012-06-27 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 一种压燃式甲醇发动机
CN102859144A (zh) * 2010-03-31 2013-01-02 赫多特普索化工设备公司 用含醇初级燃料运行压缩点火发动机的方法和***

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CN110529231B (zh) * 2019-06-20 2021-01-29 深圳瑞科天启科技有限公司 一种使用单甲醇燃料的压燃式发动机***及其操作方法
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CN101718224B (zh) * 2009-12-07 2012-06-27 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 一种压燃式甲醇发动机
CN102859144A (zh) * 2010-03-31 2013-01-02 赫多特普索化工设备公司 用含醇初级燃料运行压缩点火发动机的方法和***

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AU7214800A (en) 2001-06-14
KR100495195B1 (ko) 2005-06-14
KR20010062302A (ko) 2001-07-07
US6340003B1 (en) 2002-01-22
JP2001200764A (ja) 2001-07-27
ATE325263T1 (de) 2006-06-15
DE60027675T2 (de) 2006-11-09
AU770593B2 (en) 2004-02-26
CN1316583A (zh) 2001-10-10
CA2328000C (en) 2008-08-26
RU2261345C2 (ru) 2005-09-27
DE60027675D1 (de) 2006-06-08
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