CN1242725C - 牙科照相机或内窥照相机 - Google Patents
牙科照相机或内窥照相机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
根据本发明,以非焦阑透镜的形式设计牙科照相机或内窥照相机的透镜***(4),其中场阑(B*)或其图像(B)位于所述透镜***的转换器端透镜配置(34)的区域内。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种牙科照相机或内窥照相机,其具有外壳、光学***、用于确定像域的场阑以及设置在光学***的光轴上的图像转换器,其中光学***具有物镜端透镜配置、中间透镜配置以及转换器端透镜配置。
背景技术
在这种类型的照相机中,像在照相机中一样,光学***是以焦阑光学***形式构造的。为了确保利用这种光学***具有良好的成像特性,必须利用几个(通常两个)单独透镜构造物镜端透镜配置、中间透镜配置以及转换器端透镜配置。为此,这种类型的照相机的光学***是昂贵的。
发明内容
根据本发明,意在进一步开发具有外壳、光学***、用于确定像域的场阑以及设置在光学***的光轴上的图像转换器,其中光学***具有物镜端透镜配置、中间透镜配置以及转换器端透镜配置的照相机,以致可以更廉价地生产它,而且使其仍具有良好的成像特性。
根据本发明,这一目的是利用具有确定视区的场阑或其图像位于转换器端透镜配置的区域内的特征的照相机实现的。
令人意外的是,已经发现即使在不采用(在照相机中本来尝试、试验采用的)焦阑光路原理时,仍可以利用这种照相机获得总体良好的图像。利用非焦阑光路,也可以在牙科照相机和内窥照相机中实现它们自身没有特别良好成像特性的透镜配置。特别是,还可以利用各单独透镜实现单独透镜配置。利用这种方法可以显著降低成本,因为需要的透镜少,而且还简化了该光学***的组装过程。
根据本发明,其中,如果确定视区的场阑或其图像位于距离转换器端透镜配置下游不远的位置,相当于位于转换器端透镜配置的背面边界面与图像转换器的光敏面之间间距的约2%至10%,最好约2%至5%的位置,则尤其可以产生良好的成像特性。在失真误差小的中间区域采用第三透镜配置。中间透镜配置也用于边缘区域。但它不需要大曲面,因此,使用这种透镜配置的边缘区域也不会导致不可接受的失真误差。
根据本发明,其中,物镜端透镜配置是由凸形/凹形弯曲透镜构成的,这样,可以仅利用一个具有非常简单几何形状的光学部件构造第一透镜配置。
根据本发明,中间透镜配置是由双凸透镜构成的,另外,转换器端透镜配置是由双凸透镜构成的,本发明的进一步发展还特别描述了一种分别实现中间透镜配置和转换器端透镜配置的简单的可能方式。
根据本发明,其特征在于设置在物镜端透镜配置的上游的反光装置,其特别适合用于牙科用途,因为观察方向与照相机头(handpiece)的轴线倾斜,尤其与所述轴线垂直。
根据本发明,其中,位于物镜端透镜配置上游的入射窗口以齐平、紧密方式连接到外壳,本发明的进一步发展对于简单清洗和消毒照相机具有优势。
根据本发明,其特征在于用于在光学***的光轴方向调节图像转换器的装置,其既可以用于从最邻近的地方观察对象,又可以从较远的地方观察对象。在牙科照相机的情况下,牙科医生可以,例如详细记录一个牙齿,也可以记录牙齿结构的总图。
根据本发明,其中,调节装置具有通过外壳壁的致动单元,这样提供了一种用于聚焦的特别简单的可能方式。
根据本发明,其中,调节装置具有通过插头-窗口式连接器激励的电机,通过插头-窗口式连接器,图像转换器还连接到图像评估电路。这样,不必利用通过照相机外壳壁的运动部件,就可以调节焦距。
根据本发明,其特征在于在外壳内延伸的光波导管,其光输出端靠近外壳的入射窗口,另外,根据本发明,其特征在于靠近入射窗口排列的几个诸如发光二极管的光源。这样,保证了位于照相机前的对象的良好照明。
附图说明
以下将参考附图,根据示范实施例更详细地说明本发明。附图包括:
图1是牙科照相机的轴向剖视图;
图2是根据图1所示牙科照相机的光学***的示意图;以及
图3是与图1类似,但是示出了被修改的、图像光电转换器的调节机构的示意图。
发明详细说明
附图中示出的牙科照相机具有以注塑成型部件形式生产的外壳10。以一部分外壳的形式示出外壳10,显然,根据生产要求,本技术领域内的熟练技术人员可以以多个部件外壳的形式构造它,然后通过互相致密***或接合或焊接在一起,将外壳的各部件互相紧密连接在一起。
外壳10具有扣紧部分12,扣紧部分12具有末端闭合的大致圆柱形套管形式。扣紧部分12在其自由端具有锥形倾斜外壳部分14,利用窗口16以齐平、紧密方式密封其向下弯曲端。
在外壳10中,设置利用4总体表示的光学***,光学***将形成示意性示出的对象6的图像(牙齿或颚拱形结构)成像在图像转换器8上。图像转换器8可以是彩色CCD。
在外壳部分14的倾斜部分,设置有反射镜18,它与扣紧部分12和窗口16的轴线成45度角,而且它还可以取反射棱镜的形式,例如:直角棱镜或五棱镜。
在反射镜18的下游光路,设置具有凹形正面24和凸形背面26的透镜22。
在距离透镜22较远的位置,设置具有凸形物镜端端面30和凸形转换器端端面32的中间透镜28。
接着,在中间透镜24下游的较远距离位置,设置具有凸形物镜端端面36和凸形转换器端端面38的转换器端透镜34。
图像转换器8设置在滑动体40上,利用设置在外壳10的内部的导轨42、44,沿光学***40的光轴可移动引导滑板40。在滑动体40的一个纵向面上,成型与齿轮48啮合的齿条46,齿轮48可旋转地支持在外壳10上,并有一部分齿轮通过外壳10伸出。因此,通过转动齿轮48,可以沿光学***4的光轴调节图像转换器8。
在外壳10内设置一个沟槽50,沟槽50大致以轴向延伸,并在其内设置光波导管52。沟槽50的端部和光波导管52的一个端部以这样的方式倾斜,即,传送到光波导管52的光以少许倾斜于窗口16的轴线的方式离开光波导管52,如54所示。
通过图中未示出的插头-插口式连接器(想象其在右侧),图像转换器8和光波导管52连接到一个供应软管,该供应软管具有一根电缆,通向图像评估电路,和另一个引导到冷光源的光波导管。
图2更精确示出了光学***4的光路。为了更容易进行图解说明,所示的情况是对于直观式照相机可以实现的情况,如果利用同样光学厚度的平行面玻璃板代替取反射棱镜形式的反射镜18,而且如果将窗口16设置在扣紧部分12的轴线上,则图1所示的照相机可以实现这种情况。各种光学部件如同图1一样标示。此外,还示出从对象6上的不同点引导到图像转换器8上的指定点的各条光束。
可以看到,对于图2所示的光学***,与场阑B*共轭的图像B被置于透镜22的附近。可以看到,如果场阑B*在这样的位置,或者其图像B位于这样的位置,则基本上使用物镜端透镜22的中心区域,基本上使用中间透镜28的边缘区域,而且还仅使用转换器端透镜34的中心区域。
由于设置了所示的三个透镜,其中中间透镜28显然与物镜端透镜22和转换器端透镜34隔离开,中间透镜28不需要具有很弯的曲面。因此,降低了光程差。因此,利用中间透镜28的边缘区域的事实并未导致图像出现不可接受的失真。
下表列出了用于实现光学***4的一种可能方式的具体示范性实施例。该情况对应于图2的图表示的情况。
在该表中,分别列出:端面号(图1或2所示的参考编号)、相应端面的曲率半径、连接到端面的材料层的厚度以及位于相应端面下游的光学媒介的类型(玻璃类型:A=空气)。在最后一列,列出了各端面的直径。所有情况下的长度单位均是1mm。
端面 | 曲率半径 | 厚度 | 玻璃 | 直径 |
物镜 | ∞ | 9 | A | 13.21 |
19 | ∞ | 4 | SF8 | 3.80 |
21 | ∞ | 0.76 | A | 1.54 |
24 | -2.31 | 4.00 | N-LASF30 | 3.00 |
26 | -2.65 | 11.83 | A | 3.00 |
30 | 24.30 | 4 | N-LASF30 | 7.50 |
32 | -11.94 | 20.84 | A | 7.50 |
36 | 12.15 | 4.00 | N-ZK7 | 7.50 |
38 | -8.82 | 0.56 | A | 7.50 |
场阑B* | ∞ | 15.13 | A | 0.98 |
转换器 | ∞ | 4.85 |
其中在玻璃列中示出“A”,它是空气间隙方面的问题。玻璃类型对应于Schott生产的光学玻璃的种类。
根据图3的示范实施例在很大程度上与根据图1的实施例对应,相应部件用同样的参考编号,而且不再对它们做详细说明。
在图3的典型实施例情况下,对滑动体40设置有螺纹孔58,螺纹导杆60在螺纹孔58内运动。利用安装在外壳10上的电机62驱动螺纹导杆60。通过想象中位于图3右侧的插头-窗口式连接器,电机62的电源线以完全相同的方式连接到供应软管,作为图像转换器8和光波导管52的连接引线。
这样,可以沿光学***4的光轴调节转换器8,而不必通过外壳10的壁设置机械衬套。
Claims (13)
1.一种牙科照相机或内窥照相机,具有外壳(10)、光学***(4)、用于确定像域的场阑以及设置在光学***(4)的光轴上的图像转换器(8),其中光学***(4)具有物镜端透镜配置(22)、中间透镜配置(28)以及转换器端透镜配置(34),其特征在于,确定视区的场阑(B*)或其图像(B)位于转换器端透镜配置(34)的区域内。
2.根据权利要求1的照相机,其特征在于,确定视区的场阑(B*)或其图像(B)位于距离转换器端透镜配置(34)下游不远的位置,相当于位于转换器端透镜配置(34)的背面边界面(38)与图像转换器(8)的光敏面之间间距的约2%至10%的位置。
3.根据权利要求2的照相机,其特征在于,所述位于距离转换器端透镜配置(34)下游不远的位置相当于位于转换器端透镜配置(34)的背面边界面(38)与图像转换器(8)的光敏面之间的间距的约2%至5%的位置。
4.根据权利要求1-3的其中之一的照相机,其特征在于,物镜端透镜配置(22)是由凸形/凹形弯曲透镜(22)构成的。
5.根据权利要求4的照相机,其特征在于,中间透镜配置(28)是由双凸透镜构成的。
6.根据权利要求5的照相机,其特征在于,转换器端透镜配置(34)是由双凸透镜构成的。
7.根据权利要求6的照相机,其特征在于设置在物镜端透镜配置(22)的上游的反光装置(18)。
8.根据权利要求7的照相机,其特征在于,位于物镜端透镜配置(22)上游的入射窗口(16)以齐平、紧密方式连接到外壳(10)。
9.根据权利要求8的照相机,其特征在于用于在光学***(4)的光轴方向调节图像转换器(8)的装置(46、48;60、62)。
10.根据权利要求9的照相机,其特征在于,调节装置具有通过外壳(10)壁的致动单元(48)。
11.根据权利要求9的照相机,其特征在于,调节装置具有通过插头-窗口式连接器激励的电机(62),通过插头-窗口式连接器,图像转换器(8)还连接到图像评估电路。
12.根据权利要求11的照相机,其特征在于在外壳(10)内延伸的光波导管(52),其光输出端靠近外壳(10)的入射窗口(16)。
13.根据权利要求12的照相机,其特征在于靠近入射窗口(16)排列的几个诸如发光二极管的光源。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10125772A DE10125772C2 (de) | 2001-05-26 | 2001-05-26 | Dentale oder endoskopische Kamera |
DE10125772.4 | 2001-05-26 |
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CN1511008A CN1511008A (zh) | 2004-07-07 |
CN1242725C true CN1242725C (zh) | 2006-02-22 |
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CNB028103467A Expired - Fee Related CN1242725C (zh) | 2001-05-26 | 2002-04-29 | 牙科照相机或内窥照相机 |
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US (1) | US7010223B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1389942B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4382361B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100897962B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1242725C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002344148A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE10125772C2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2393103T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2294129C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002096277A2 (zh) |
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DE102005051714A1 (de) | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Linos Photonics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kamera |
US7586957B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2009-09-08 | Cynosure, Inc | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use |
DE102007013355A1 (de) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-18 | Dürr Dental GmbH & Co. KG | Diagnosekamera sowie Aufsatz zur Realisierung einer solchen |
JP2012509117A (ja) * | 2008-11-21 | 2012-04-19 | ケアストリーム ヘルス インク | 液体レンズを備えるオートフォーカス口腔内カメラ |
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DE102009017801A1 (de) | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-21 | DüRR DENTAL AG | Dentale oder medizinische Kamera |
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US8456521B2 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2013-06-04 | Berliner Glas Kgaa Herbert Kubatz Gmbh & Co. | Triangulation camera device and triangulation imaging method |
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US9060674B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2015-06-23 | Karl Storz Imaging, Inc. | Auto zoom for video camera |
KR101341818B1 (ko) | 2013-02-12 | 2013-12-16 | (주)시원광기술 | 내시경 광학계 |
KR101341820B1 (ko) | 2013-02-18 | 2013-12-16 | (주)시원광기술 | 내시경 광학계 |
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-
2001
- 2001-05-26 DE DE10125772A patent/DE10125772C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-04-29 EP EP02774013A patent/EP1389942B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-29 KR KR1020037015429A patent/KR100897962B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-29 US US10/478,774 patent/US7010223B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-29 CN CNB028103467A patent/CN1242725C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-29 AU AU2002344148A patent/AU2002344148A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-29 ES ES02774013T patent/ES2393103T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-29 WO PCT/EP2002/004699 patent/WO2002096277A2/de active Application Filing
- 2002-04-29 JP JP2002592796A patent/JP4382361B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-29 RU RU2003136085/14A patent/RU2294129C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100897962B1 (ko) | 2009-05-18 |
EP1389942B1 (de) | 2012-09-12 |
US20040156626A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
US7010223B2 (en) | 2006-03-07 |
WO2002096277A2 (de) | 2002-12-05 |
AU2002344148A1 (en) | 2002-12-09 |
RU2294129C2 (ru) | 2007-02-27 |
KR20040020907A (ko) | 2004-03-09 |
ES2393103T3 (es) | 2012-12-18 |
DE10125772C2 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
JP4382361B2 (ja) | 2009-12-09 |
EP1389942A2 (de) | 2004-02-25 |
WO2002096277A3 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
JP2004532083A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
RU2003136085A (ru) | 2005-04-10 |
CN1511008A (zh) | 2004-07-07 |
DE10125772A1 (de) | 2002-12-05 |
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