CN1230684C - High-frequency wide-band local discharging on-line monitoring method in gas insulative converting station - Google Patents
High-frequency wide-band local discharging on-line monitoring method in gas insulative converting station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for the on-line monitoring of high-frequency wide-band local discharge in a gas insulative converting station. Firstly, an external super-wide frequency detection device is used for detecting partial discharge signals, a high frequency coaxial cable realizes the long-distance transmission of detected discharge signals, and a wide-band signal conditioning unit realizes the multiway gating as well as the amplification and the attenuation of variable gain of signals; then, a data acquisition card and an oscilloscope complete the acquisition function of signals transmitted from the wide-band signal conditioning unit through a driving digital I/O card and a GPIB card under the control of monitoring software; finally, the analysis and the diagnosis of a statistic method and a high frequency wideband method of the data obtained through the acquisition are carried out. The method of the present invention realizes the functions of device monitoring, data storage, fault alarm, history query, remote monitoring, etc. The system greatly improves a traditional monitoring method in the angle of enhancing the hardware performance, and intrinsic properties of the partial discharge are fully and creatively reflected in a wider band range through two paths.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of electricity, relate to the gas insulated transformer substation partial discharge monitoring, particularly a kind of gas insulated transformer substation high-frequency wideband partial discharge monitoring method.
Background technology
The various defectives of gas insulated transformer substation (GIS. is hereinafter to be referred as GIS) can cause various forms of shelf depreciations, as the discharge of corona, impurity, the discharge of epoxy supporting insulator internal air gap etc.Partial discharge pulse's signal is to transmit with the form of TEM ripple in GIS, this electromagnetic wave signal can by be installed in GIS device interior or outside partial discharge monitoring sensor to, and then carry out the on-line monitoring of GIS insulation system shelf depreciation state.Partial discharge pulse makes pick-up unit produce resonance with certain frequency, and this resonance frequency is crossed on electromagnetic wave spectrum in the band limits of 400kHz～3000MHz.
At present common GIS local discharge superhigh frequency detects two kinds of methods: interior electrode method and external electrode method.Most of researchists or research unit are with the sensor that the is operated in ultrahigh frequency 300MHz～3000MHz pick-up unit as shelf depreciation, also there are many researchists to use high performance oscillograph that the discharge characteristic of its high frequency is studied in the laboratory, but the conventional online monitoring device still adopts the harvester of low sampling performance to handle signal from ultra-high frequency antenna, often, can not reflect the intrinsic property of GIS discharge really because the restriction of hardware performance can be omitted numerous discharge pulses peak.
For the GIS device local discharge superhigh frequency detection, the applicant has done following retrieval: as Chinese patent application (application number 94113338), a kind of method for sensing and sensor of detected gas insulation in combined electric appliance shelf depreciation have been proposed, disk insulator outer rim at GIS is provided with the electromagnetic wave that the inner shelf depreciation of electromagnetic sensor reception GIS is produced, realize the external sensing measurement of GIS internal discharge, said electromagnetic sensor is a metallic shield box, recording quantity is installed in box and can be received the electromagnetic antenna of superfrequency.It is the method that a kind of external electrode method is measured the GIS shelf depreciation that this patent is mentioned, there is certain defective in it, make reflecting of the electromagnetic wave signal that leaks out easily as the metallic shield box structure that adopts, one side is opened wide the protection be unfavorable for antenna fully, adopts this SHF band antenna to omit the discharge characteristic peak etc. of GIS typical defect.
As described in Chinese patent application (application number 95116826.6), it is the shelf depreciation induction installation that is installed on gas insulated apparatus inside that its measurement of partial discharge system adopts, and it is uhf band that this device is paid close attention to, and frequency range is 300MHz～3000MHz.This system does not illustrate further acquisition system and analytical approach.
As described in Chinese patent application (application number 00101178.2), in the gas insulated apparatus in the diagnostic method of shelf depreciation and the shelf depreciation diagnostic system, analytical approach is for adopting local discharge signal frequency spectrum that produces in the frequency spectrum analyser analytical gas seal and the histogram that obtains based on this frequency spectrum processing, is real-time discharge behavior in addition with the phase locked signal strength map of system frequency etc.Analytical approach is tradition, if adopt common measuring method in the phase place spectrogram measuring system, acquisition rate is not high simultaneously, and storage depth is not high, can omit discharge information.
ABB AB adopts PRPDA (phase resolved partial discharge analysis) to carry out the measurement result analysis.Specifically be to carry out 1 minute collection, observe the phase place spectrogram of shelf depreciation.
The gas discharge waveform that burr causes is narrower, frequency is higher, the discharge frequency that the inherent vice of disk insulator causes is also higher, and the surface-discharge frequency that disk insulator surface filth defective causes is lower, and the insulating surface flashover fault of Yin Faing is comparatively common thus.Experiment showed, that the local discharge characteristic peak that disk insulator surface and inner most defect type are caused concentrates in the following frequency range of 300MHz mostly.Therefore the partial discharge monitoring to disk insulator needs appropriate measurement frequency range and signal analysis method, ability is real-time its surface insulation situation of reflection accurately, thereby improve the operational reliability of GIS equipment, avoid because GIS discharge property fault causes heavy economic losses, and then operation has great significance to substation safety.
Summary of the invention
Defective or deficiency at above-mentioned prior art existence, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of GIS high-frequency wideband partial discharge monitoring method is provided, and the present invention adopts the external electrode method to realize the ultrabroad band Partial Discharge Detection, and it has advantage such as measure bandwidth, frequency height, contain much information.Proposed to obtain GIS local discharge signal information jointly, used high performance hardware system to realize the collection of signal, reflected its flash-over characteristic really with two kinds of metering systems.Propose the thought that statistic law analysis and high-frequency method analysis combine, improved analysis level.Generally speaking, GIS measuring system in the past adopts the pick-up unit of ultra-high frequency antenna mostly, and coupling is omitted discharge information easily with the hardware of lower-performance, and analytical approach also only limits to add up the analysis of quantitative analysis and time-frequency domain.The monitoring system that adopts method of the present invention to make is very advanced from these angles.
The technical solution that realizes the foregoing invention purpose is that a kind of GIS high-frequency wideband partial discharge monitoring method adopts the external electrode method to realize the ultrabroad band Partial Discharge Detection, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) at first at the external local discharge detection device of outer setting one high-frequency wideband of disk insulator to be monitored, is used to gather the shelf depreciation electromagnetic wave signal that leaks out; This local discharge detection device is an enclosure, and sensor main body is that a broadband detects antenna, frequency band range 10MHz～3000MHz, and antenna one end has the matched impedance in 50 Europe, and a side is useful on the SMA high-frequency coaxial connector of feed; This face is towards the place, slit of disk insulator and metal shell during use;
2) by sensor to signal by coaxial cable for high frequency, be sent on the signal input SMA terminal of broadband signal conditioning unit, according to the length of cable of reality, for the decay of the transport property of the signal of 250MHz all in 3db;
3) local discharge signal that is sent by coaxial cable for high frequency enters broadband signal conditioning unit and carries out signal condition; The conditioning unit is used for multi channel selecting, amplification and the decay of simulating signal, and the signal after the conditioning sends on-the-spot signals of underlying computer collecting unit to, and slave computer is positioned at the monitoring equipment scene;
4) the signals of underlying computer collecting unit is made of computing machine, oscillograph and data collecting card;
Data collecting card is pegged graft on computers, and its sampling rate is 20MS/s, and simulating signal input bandwidth is 15MHz;
Oscillographic sampling rate is 5GS/s, and simulating signal input bandwidth is 500MHz; Oscillograph is connected on the general parallel interface bus card of installing on the computing machine by general parallel interface bus cable;
Data analysis and diagnosis unit drive multi channel selecting and the variable gain control function that digital I/O card realizes broadband signal is nursed one's health the unit by computer system software, the driving data capture card is realized the data acquisition that statistic law is measured, driving the GPIB card realizes oscillographic instrument control function is finished the data acquisition that high-frequency method is measured;
5) set up data analysis and diagnosis unit
Analysis combines two kinds of detection methods of statistic law and high-frequency method with diagnosis unit and carries out signal analysis and fault diagnosis jointly;
Statistic law adopts carries out maximum discharge amplitude, average discharge capacity, the discharge time histogram of discharge amplitude together to the detected electromagnetic wave of local discharge detection device;
High-frequency method adopts oscillograph to carry out the collection of single shelf depreciation waveform, its analog bandwidth 500MHz, and sampling rate is 5GS/s, adopts the Time-Frequency Analysis Method based on short time discrete Fourier transform; Then gas insulated transformer substation ultrabroad band local discharge signal is carried out WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION, obtain its signal in each frequency range, utilize fractal theory to calculate the fractal dimension of each frequency band signals then, come the waveform character of the characteristic peak of analytic signal quantitatively with fractal dimension, obtain the position at local discharge characteristic peak and the size of characteristic peak;
Slave computer is handled the diagnostic result that obtains and is passed to host computer by netting twine; Host computer is positioned at master-control room, is used to realize fault alarm, historical query, remote monitoring function.
Another characteristics of the present invention are that computer system software can also be realized the remote monitoring function of Net-connected computer.
Method of the present invention can prepare a cover GIS high-frequency wideband partial discharge monitoring system, and the whole formation of this system hardware has wideer frequency band range, makes the signal of measurement more can reflect its real discharge behavior.The software of this system has been realized most of common function of monitoring of software, with the thought that statistic law and two kinds of analytical approachs of high-frequency method combine, carries out fault diagnosis jointly.The statistic law analysis is the simulating signal to a power frequency period that collects, calculate its average discharge amplitude, maximum discharge amplitude, discharge time is with the histogram of discharge amplitude, the high-frequency method analysis is to the time domain fingerprint image of high-frequency discharge signal and frequency domain fingerprint image, time frequency analysis, Analysis of Fractal Dimension etc., thereby more scientificlly and effectively analyzes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the inventive method constitutes block diagram.
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of broadband conditioning of the present invention unit.
Fig. 3 is the time frequency analysis figure of analyzing and diagnosing of the present invention unit.
Fig. 4 is the time domain fingerprint image of analyzing and diagnosing of the present invention unit.
Fig. 5 is the frequency domain fingerprint image of analyzing and diagnosing of the present invention unit.
Fig. 6 is the inverse of the local discharge signal fractal dimension in the analyzing and diagnosing of the present invention unit fractal analysis method and the graph of a relation of frequency.
Fig. 7 is a specific embodiment synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment that accompanying drawing and inventor provide.
The GIS high-frequency wideband partial discharge monitoring method that makes up according to method of the present invention is set forth in conjunction with Fig. 1 mainly by forming with the lower part:
1) external local discharge detection device
The external local discharge detection device 2 of high-frequency wideband, main body are that a broadband detects antenna, frequency band range 10MHz～3000MHz, and antenna one end has the matched impedance in 50 Europe, and a side is useful on the SMA high-frequency coaxial connector of feed.This antenna is placed in the enclosure of being made by epoxy plate, and the one side of enclosure has the long 400mm that is, wide is the slit of 10mm, and this face is towards the slit place of disk insulator 1 with metal shell during use.This device does not change the gas insulated apparatus structure, does not influence its normal operation.
2) high-frequency wideband local discharge signal conditioning unit
High-frequency wideband local discharge signal conditioning unit 4, the input bandwidth of simulating signal reaches 500MHz, multi channel selecting module wherein, realized the detection of the local discharge signal of 16 monitoring points, amplification module has been realized the adjustable gain measurement by magnification to small-signal, and attenuation module has realized the measurement to large-signal.
3) collecting unit
This inventive method measures in conjunction with statistic law and high-frequency method is measured the measurement scheme that two kinds of detection methods make up collecting unit.The hardware of collecting unit is constructed as follows, and has adopted the PCI-5102 data collecting card 8 of America NI company during statistic law is measured, and improves sampling rate to 20MS/s, and the input bandwidth that has enlarged local discharge signal is to 15MHz; The TDS3052 oscillograph 7 of Imtech has been adopted in the measurement of high-frequency wideband method, its analog bandwidth 500MHz, and sampling rate is 5GS/s.
4) control and communication unit
Control and communication unit include GPIB card 5, digital I 6.Wherein slave computer software, has been realized oscillographic control by means of gpib bus by the IEEE488.2 agreement.The slave computer monitoring of software has been realized playing a game by the operation to digital I and has been put conditioning unit multi channel selecting and amplify control function such as decay.
5) analysis and diagnosis unit
Statistic law measure to adopt digital collection to stick into to have gone the measurement of a power frequency period 20ms time period, the detected electromagnetic wave of local discharge detection device has been carried out maximum discharge amplitude, average discharge capacity, the measurement of discharge time.
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of broadband conditioning of the present invention unit.This unit carries out signal condition to the local discharge signal that high-frequency transmission cable 3 sends, and has realized the multi channel selecting of simulating signal, functions such as amplification and decay, and the signal after the conditioning sends signal gathering unit to.
The short time discrete Fourier transform Time-Frequency Analysis Method figure that Fig. 3 adopts for the present invention.In order to carry out local discharge signal analysis and condition diagnosing, need obtain the characteristic of signal at time domain and frequency domain.Traditional Fourier changes, and can only obtain the global variable of signal at frequency domain, but this usefulness that is nowhere near, and what the present invention wished to obtain is the situation of change of signal spectrum energy.For this reason, need the associating function of service time and frequency to represent signal, this expression is called the time frequency analysis of signal.Carry out time frequency analysis for the ultrabroad band local discharge signal, can obtain distribution as shown in Figure 3, this distribution can be represented the energy or the intensity of signal simultaneously on time and frequency, after obtaining this distribution, we can carry out analyzing and processing to various signals, extract the characteristic information that is comprised in the signal.Fig. 3 horizontal ordinate is the time, and unit is s; Ordinate is a frequency, and unit is Hz, and among Fig. 3, the bright more place of color shows that this place's energy is big more.
The time domain fingerprint image that Fig. 4 adopts for the present invention.In the time domain fingerprint image, calculated the positive half cycle of first ripple of signal and the parameter of negative half period, the parameter that relates to has crest value, wave head time, rising edge time, negative edge time, apparent discharge period, discharge pulse width, set-back and measure of skewness.By these parameters, we can obtain the time domain specification of signal.
The frequency domain fingerprint image that Fig. 5 adopts for the present invention.In the frequency domain fingerprint image, calculated signal power spectrum and, frequency variance, segment frequence, center of gravity of frequency, five parameters of this frequency of Lay, by these parameters, can obtain the signal frequency-domain characteristic.
The present invention is with these two features that figure comes quantitative test ultrabroad band local discharge signal.
Fig. 6 is the inverse of the local discharge signal fractal dimension in the analyzing and diagnosing of the present invention unit fractal analysis method and the graph of a relation of frequency.In the ultrabroad band Partial Discharge Detection, we find different electric discharge types, and its discharge waveform has obvious variation, and the position of its characteristic peak and size also have obvious difference.Fractal analysis method can quantitative analysis the feature of local discharge signal of different electric discharge types, for the monitoring equipment running status important effect is arranged.
Wavelet transformation is that a kind of window size is fixed but its shape can change, the time-frequency localization analytical approach that time window and frequency window can change.It all has the ability of characterization signal local feature in time, frequency field, and has the adaptivity to signal.Fractal geometry are to develop subject faster in recent years, and it is mainly used in linear signal and system, has stronger function aspect signal Processing and the signal compression.Fractal theory has been broken through the view of time and space of traditional Integral Dimension, and propose dimension and need not to be integer, can be the mark dimension.The mark dimension is fractal dimension again, is the quantitative target of weighing the research object of fractal characteristic.For the analysis of the local discharge signal of GIS simulation line segment, we obtain sort signal is fractal in certain interval.
Usually adopt Fourier transform to carry out spectrum analysis, with the frequency domain spectrogram its characteristic peak carried out qualitative estimation again, and with the Fourier mutation analysis be the interior feature of the whole frequency domain of signal, can't obtain the local feature of each frequency range.Therefore, the present invention adopts the ultrabroad band local discharge signal fractal analysis method that extracts based on small echo.The present invention at first carries out WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION to GIS ultrabroad band local discharge signal, obtain its signal in each frequency range, utilize fractal theory to calculate the fractal dimension of each frequency band signals then, come the waveform character of the characteristic peak of analytic signal quantitatively with fractal dimension, thereby realized quantitative analysis each frequency range waveform characteristic of ultrabroad band discharge signal.And use this method, realized quantitative analysis each frequency range waveform characteristic of ultrabroad band discharge signal.By calculating and analyze the variation of the fractal dimension of each frequency range, can obtain the position at local discharge characteristic peak and the size of characteristic peak.
The GIS apparatus local discharge on-line monitoring system (as shown in Figure 7) that the applicant makes according to technique scheme is at the sky and water, Gansu Province Yuquan transformer station of Utilities Electric Co. hanging net operation.
Claims (2)
1. a gas insulated transformer substation high-frequency wideband partial discharge monitoring method adopts the external electrode method to realize the ultrabroad band Partial Discharge Detection, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) at first at the external local discharge detection device of outer setting one high-frequency wideband of disk insulator to be monitored, is used to gather the shelf depreciation electromagnetic wave signal that leaks out; This local discharge detection device is an enclosure, and sensor main body is that a broadband detects antenna, frequency band range 10MHz～3000MHz, and antenna one end has the matched impedance in 50 Europe, and a side is useful on the SMA high-frequency coaxial connector of feed; This face is towards the place, slit of disk insulator and metal shell during use;
2) by sensor to signal by coaxial cable for high frequency, be sent on the signal input SMA terminal of broadband signal conditioning unit, according to the length of cable of reality, for the decay of the transport property of the signal of 500MHz all in 3db;
3) local discharge signal that is sent by coaxial cable for high frequency enters broadband signal conditioning unit and carries out signal condition; The conditioning unit is used for multi channel selecting, amplification and the decay of simulating signal, and the signal after the conditioning sends on-the-spot signals of underlying computer collecting unit to, and slave computer is positioned at the monitoring equipment scene;
4) the signals of underlying computer collecting unit is made of computing machine, oscillograph and data collecting card;
Data collecting card is pegged graft on computers, and its sampling rate is 20MS/s, and simulating signal input bandwidth is 15MHz;
Oscillographic sampling rate is 5GS/s, and simulating signal input bandwidth is 500MHz; Oscillograph is connected on the general parallel interface bus card of installing on the computing machine by general parallel interface bus cable;
Data analysis and diagnosis unit drive multi channel selecting and the variable gain control function that digital I/O card realizes broadband signal is nursed one's health the unit by computer system software, the driving data capture card is realized the data acquisition that statistic law is measured, driving the GPIB card realizes oscillographic instrument control function is finished the data acquisition that high-frequency method is measured;
5) set up data analysis and diagnosis unit
Analysis combines two kinds of detection methods of statistic law and high-frequency method with diagnosis unit and carries out signal analysis and fault diagnosis jointly;
Statistic law adopts carries out maximum discharge amplitude, average discharge capacity, the discharge time two and three dimensions spectrogram of discharge amplitude together to the detected electromagnetic wave of local discharge detection device;
High-frequency method adopts oscillograph to carry out the collection of single shelf depreciation waveform, its analog bandwidth 500MHz, and sampling rate is 5GS/s, adopts time-domain analysis method, frequency-domain analysis method and based on the Time-Frequency Analysis Method of short time discrete Fourier transform; Gas insulated transformer substation ultrabroad band local discharge signal is carried out WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION, obtain its signal in each frequency range, utilize fractal theory to calculate the fractal dimension of each frequency band signals then, come the waveform character of the characteristic peak of analytic signal quantitatively with fractal dimension, obtain the position at local discharge characteristic peak and the size of characteristic peak;
Slave computer is handled the diagnostic result that obtains and is passed to host computer by netting twine; Host computer is positioned at master-control room, is used to realize fault alarm, historical query, remote monitoring function.
2. gas insulated transformer substation high-frequency wideband partial discharge monitoring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that computer system software is also realized the remote monitoring function of Net-connected computer.
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