CN1224493C - Aluminium base composite material liquid phase rotating welding material back filling welding method - Google Patents
Aluminium base composite material liquid phase rotating welding material back filling welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1224493C CN1224493C CN 03111098 CN03111098A CN1224493C CN 1224493 C CN1224493 C CN 1224493C CN 03111098 CN03111098 CN 03111098 CN 03111098 A CN03111098 A CN 03111098A CN 1224493 C CN1224493 C CN 1224493C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a back filled novel welding method for liquid phase rotating solder of aluminium base composite material, which relates to a welding method, particularly to a welding method for the aluminium base composite material. The present invention is executed according to the following steps: a, chucking; a lower welded piece (3) is installed on a solder liquid tank (1), an upper welded piece (4) is arranged above the lower welded piece, and liquid solder is added into the solder liquid tank (1) to make the liquid solder submerge butt seams of the upper and the lower welded pieces; b, rotational friction; the liquid solder is heated to 380 DEG C to 500 DEG C, the temperature is preserved, and the upper and the lower welded pieces are butted to make the two welded pieces generate contact counter rotation; c, solder backfill; the upper and the lower welded pieces are separated, and the upper welded piece (4) is rotated to make the liquid solder flow back; d, pressurization slow cooling; the welded pieces are pressurized to make welding seams butted, and the pressurization slow cooling is kept. The welding method effectively solves the problem of difficult spread and wetting of the solder on base material in the soldering process of the composite material, and simultaneously solves the problem of the supplanting loss of the solder after an oxide film is removed by rotation.
Description
The technical field is as follows: the invention relates to a welding method, in particular to a welding method for an aluminum matrix composite.
Background art: for ninety years, researchers at home and abroad mainly focus on the technologies of fusion welding, resistance welding, diffusion welding, instantaneous liquid phase welding, brazing and the like for welding aluminum-based composite materials.
1. Fusion welding: fusion welding is one of the most common welding methods for connecting metal materials, but the application of fusion welding in the welding of aluminum matrix composites faces some problems to be solved as follows: (1) physical compatibility issues: the melting points of the matrix and the reinforcing phase are greatly different, and partial solid SiC or Al in the liquid molten pool of matrix metal Al2O3The heat transfer and mass transfer processes in the molten pool are seriously influenced, so that the molten pool has high viscosity and poor flow, and the sensitivity to defects of pores, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration and the like is increased. (ii) a The molten aluminum matrix composite is difficult to mix with external filler materials, the dilution rate is low, and finally satisfactory joint composition and appearance molding are difficult to obtain. Meanwhile, segregation of the reinforcing phase during solidification of the liquid metal destroys the original distribution characteristics of the liquid metal, thereby deteriorating the performance. In addition, when the coefficient of linear expansion of the reinforcing phase and the matrix is greatly different, the reinforcing phase and the matrix are weldedLarge internal stresses may remain in the joint during heating and cooling of the joint. (2) Chemical compatibility issues: certain reinforcing phases (e.g. SiC) are thermodynamically unstable with the matrix Al over a large temperature range, and detrimental interfacial reactions at the high temperatures of fusion welding are unavoidable. ，ΔG/J·mol-1＝113900-12.06 TlnT+8.92×10-3T2+7.53×10-4T1+21.5T+3RTlnα[Si]When the temperature exceeds 1000 ℃, the thermal driving force is so large that Al4C33Cannot be avoided.
2. Resistancewelding: the controllability of resistance welding is good, the energy is highly concentrated, the resistance welding can be almost regarded as a point heat source, the welding time is extremely short, and the cooling is rapid (the cooling speed can reach 10)6S) to cause the joint to be quenched, thereby avoiding Al generated by the reaction between the reinforcement and the matrix caused by overheating of the base material4C3The brittle phase effectively prevents interfacial reaction, and cracks and pores are prevented by applying pressure. In particular, the use of lap joints can largely transform the connection between FRMs into Al-to-Al connections, so that this method is very suitable for welding fiber-reinforced composite materials. However, the presence of the reinforcement complicates the distribution of the current lines and the distribution of the electrode pressure, and makes it difficult to select welding parameters and control the welding quality. And the resistance of the reinforcement of the composite material is greatly different from that of the matrix, so that the composite material is easily subjected to over-melting and splashing, fibers are bonded and crushed to generate cavities in the resistance welding process, and the joint strength is greatly influenced. In addition, many studies have shown that the weld joint is deteriorated by severe segregation of the reinforcing phase in the nugget during welding of non-continuous fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composites by resistance weldingHead performance.
3. Diffusion welding: the diffusion welding method is a promising method for welding the aluminum matrix composite material, and research reports on the aspect are more. However, the same difficulties are encountered in diffusion welding aluminum-based composites as in diffusion welding aluminum. The diffusion welding of aluminum-based composite materials has the following main problems: (1) the surface ofthe aluminum matrix composite has a dense oxide film which severely impedes diffusion bonding between the two joined surfaces. The oxide film is formed immediately after mechanical or chemical cleaning, and is difficult to decompose even under high vacuum conditions, which affects atomic diffusion. To break the oxide film at the bonding interface requires either raising the bonding temperature to near the melting point of aluminum or applying a large pressure at the bonding interface. This inevitably causes excessive plastic deformation of the connection. (2) Under the condition of not adopting an intermediate layer, the aluminum matrix composite material has the phenomenon of direct contact between the reinforcing phase and the reinforcing phase on the contact surface, and the diffusion connection between the reinforcing phases is difficult to realize under the condition of diffusion welding. The part not only reduces the load transmission capacity, but also provides opportunities for the initiation and the propagation of cracks, and becomes the main hidden trouble that the joint strength is not high. In addition, the method has the defects of long welding period, expensive equipment, high cost, limited size and shape of the weldment and the like, so that the wide application of the method is limited.
4. Instantaneous liquid phase welding: transient liquid phase diffusion welding is very effective in breaking an oxide film on the surface of aluminum and improves the reinforcing phase/reinforcing phase contact state in the aluminum matrix composite. Therefore, the connection can be realized without applying pressure or applying little pressure, and the transient liquid phase diffusion welding is more suitable for the connection of the Al-based composite material compared with the solid state diffusion welding connection adopting the intermediate layer. This method is similar to and different from brazing and diffusion welding, and is a relatively new methodof welding, with both pressure and an intermediate layer (otherwise known as solder). Compared with brazing and solid diffusion welding, the method also has the following advantages: under the connection condition, the movement of the free man at the joint is relatively free, and the stable atomic arrangement is easily formed on the surface of the parent metal and solidified; the connection temperature is low, and the time is short; easily obtaining a joint with a structure close to the base material; the technical process is easy to realize, etc. The transient liquid phase welding has certain defects while having more advantages: (1) segregation of the reinforcing phase becomes a major problem in TLP bonding of this material. Many scholars at home and abroad solve the problem by selecting a thinner middle foil layer, but the efficiency is lower in the sense of practical application, and the engineering is difficult to realize. (2) Transient liquid phase welding temperatures also typically exceed 550 c, at which the parent material softens to varying degrees, which is a challenge for composite matrices. In conclusion, the aluminum-based composite material is relatively special in welding property, various connection methods are suitable for the connection of the material to a certain extent, but the connection difficulty is far greater than that of aluminum alloy. The main reasons are that the connection process is difficult to control due to the huge difference of physical and chemical properties of the reinforcing phase and the matrix, and the combination of a good interface between the reinforcing phase and the matrix is difficult to obtain. In contrast, solid phase welding has much more potential than precision instrumented welding. Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) bonding techniques in particular have yielded encouraging results when bonding aluminum-based composites. However, a large amount of welding work of the aluminum matrix composite material is still carried out in a laboratory at present, and a TLP welding process with more application significance needs to be further made.
5. Brazing: the bonding of metal matrix composites was studied as early as the 60 s and the 70 s. In recent years, the method has been studied less frequently, and the main problem is that the joint strength is limited by the brazing material and the strength is low. Welding methods, such as fusion welding, resistance welding, and brazing among the various welding methods are suitable for welding composite materials. However, for the welding of aluminum matrix composites, the brazing method has several problems as follows: (1) the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum-based composite material seriously affects the welding quality. Due to Al2O3The melting point is very high, and the brazing filler metal is difficult to melt in the welding process, so that the wetting and spreading of the brazing filler metal on a base material are seriously influenced, and the brazing filler metal becomes one of the main obstacles for brazing the aluminum-based composite material. (2) Improper control of the welding process can lead to melting of the matrix and segregation of the diffusion region reinforcing phase: the brazing seam structure has no reinforcing phase layer left, and the original special structure and special performance of the base metal cannot be maintained. The special performance requirements of the joint are not suitable for occasions, such as the need of keeping good damping resistance and dimensional stability of the joint. (3) The melting points of the aluminum alloy matrix and the reinforcing phase are greatly different, the matrix is partially melted at the brazing temperature, the reinforcing body is not melted, the viscosity and the flowability of the brazing filler metal are deteriorated, the wetting and the spreading of the brazing filler metal on the matrix are seriously hindered due to the existence of the solid reinforcing phase, certain alloy elements are added, the brazing temperature is improved to a certain degree, the over-burning and the melting corrosion of the matrix are easily caused due to the overhigh temperature, and the brazing process is brought with great differenceIt is difficult.
The invention content is as follows: in order to solve the problem that the aluminum matrix composite is difficult to weld at present, the invention develops a novel method for backfilling welding by using a liquid phase rotating welding flux for the aluminum matrix composite. The welding method of the invention is carried out according to the following steps: a. card installation: mounting a lower welded piece 3 on a brazing liquid tank 1, placing an upper welded piece 4 above the lower welded piece, adding liquid brazing filler metal into the brazing liquid tank 1, and enabling the liquid brazing filler metal to sink the butt joint seam of the upper welded piece and the lower welded piece; b. rotating and rubbing: heating the liquid solder to 380-500 ℃, preserving heat, butting the upper and lower welded parts, and enabling the two welded parts to generate contact type relative rotation; c. backfilling the brazing filler metal: separating the upper and lower welded parts, rotating the upper welded part 4 to enable the liquid brazing filler metal to flow back, and d, pressurizing and slowly cooling: and pressing the welded piece to enable the welding line to be butted, and keeping the pressure for slow cooling. In the above process, the purpose of the rotation of the first contact of the weldment is to effectively remove the oxide film on the surface of the composite material and to promote the wetting and spreading of the brazing filler metal on the surface of the composite material. Because need the weldment contact at rotatory in-process, the brazing filler metal is extruded, so will be after the abundant mutual rotation of weldment, with the weldment separation, with refill brazing filler metal, the welding of repressurization, the purpose that adopts the brazing filler metal cistern is in order to make liquid brazing filler metal refill the welding seam department of being crowded away the brazing filler metal, so that when reseparating the weldment, there is sufficient brazing filler metal can in time flow back, wet by the surface of the combined material of removal oxidation film, the oxide film also can come up in liquid brazing filler metal, help getting rid of the oxide film of welding seam department. Meanwhile, the end part of the weldment is completely immersed in the liquid solder pool, so that the oxidation of the welding line in the welding process can be prevented. The welding method effectively solves the problem that the brazing filler metal is difficult to spread and wet on the base metal in the brazing process of the composite material, and simultaneously solves the problem that the brazing filler metal is squeezed off and lost after an oxidation film is removed in a rotating mode. The device can realize multiple rotations and separation of the refill to achieve the effect of film removal and wetting. And the obtained welding line has the advantages of less defects and high strength because of being well protected.
Description of the drawings: FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: the welded part of the embodiment is a rod-shaped aluminum part; the used equipment comprises a vertical drilling machine, a heating and heat-preserving furnace and a brazing liquid tank; the liquid brazing filler metal is Zn-Al brazing filler metal, and the mass ratio of Zn to Al is 1: (0.1 to 1). The process comprises the following steps: a. card installation: installing a lower welded piece 3 in a through hole 1-1 at the bottom of a brazing liquid groove 1, keeping the lower welded piece 3 sealed with the inner wall of the through hole 1-1, wherein the brazing liquid groove 1 is made of stainless steel, placing an upper welded piece 4 above the lower welded piece 3, adding liquid brazing filler metal into the brazing liquid groove 1, and enabling the liquid brazing filler metal to sink the butt joint seam of the upper and lower welded pieces; b. rotating and rubbing: heating the liquid brazing filler metal to 460 ℃, preserving heat, butting upper and lower welded parts together, and rotating the upper welded part clockwise or anticlockwise in a contact mode, wherein the rotating speed is 0.5rad/s-20rad/s, and the rotating time is 2Qs-200 s; c. backfilling the brazing filler metal: separating the upper and lower welded parts, and rotating the upper welded part 4 clockwise or anticlockwise to enable the liquid solder to flow back, wherein the rotating speed is 0.5rad/s-5rad/s, and the rotating time is 3s-30 s; d. pressurizing and slowly cooling: applying pressure of 0.5-200MPa to the welded piece to enable the welding line to be butted, and slowly cooling at the cooling speed of 100-2000 ℃/h; and taking out the weldment, and finishing the welding process. When the device works, a transmission shaft of the vertical drilling machine is used for driving the upper welded piece to rotate, and the liquid brazing filler metal in the brazing liquid tank is heated and insulated by the heating and insulating furnace.
Claims (6)
1. The aluminum-based composite material liquid phase rotating solder backfill type welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. card installation: mounting a lower welded piece (3) on a brazing liquid tank (1), placing an upper welded piece (4) above the lower welded piece, adding liquid brazing filler metal into the brazing liquid tank (1), and enabling the liquid brazing filler metal to sink the butt joint seam of the upper and lower welded pieces; b. rotating and rubbing: heating the liquid solder to 380-500 ℃, preserving heat, butting the upper and lower welded parts, and enabling the two welded parts to generate contact type relative rotation; c. backfilling the brazing filler metal: separating the upper and lower welded parts, rotating the upper welded part (4) to enable the liquid solder to flow back, and d, pressurizing and slowly cooling: and pressing the welded piece to enable the welding line to be butted, and keeping the pressure for slow cooling.
2. The aluminum-based composite material liquid phase rotating solder backfilling type welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid solder is Zn-Al solder, and the mass ratio of Zn to Al is 1: 0.1-1.
3. The aluminum matrix composite liquid phase rotating solder backfill type welding method according to the claim 1 is characterized in that the brazing liquid groove (1) is made of stainless steel.
4. The aluminum matrix composite liquid phase rotating solder backfill type welding method according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step b, the rotating friction step: the rotating speed of the upper welded piece (4) is 0.5rad/s to 20rad/s, and the rotating time is 20s to 200 s.
5. The aluminum matrix composite liquid phase rotating solder backfilling type welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step c, the solder backfilling step: the rotating speed of the upper welded piece (4) is 0.5rad/s to 5rad/s, and the rotating time is 3s to 30 s.
6. The aluminum matrix composite liquid phase rotating solder backfill type welding method according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step d, the pressurizing and slow cooling step: applying 0.5-200MPa pressure on the welded piece, and slowly cooling at the cooling speed of 100-.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03111098 CN1224493C (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2003-02-27 | Aluminium base composite material liquid phase rotating welding material back filling welding method |
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| CN 03111098 CN1224493C (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2003-02-27 | Aluminium base composite material liquid phase rotating welding material back filling welding method |
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| CN1224493C true CN1224493C (en) | 2005-10-26 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101104215B (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2011-01-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminium alloy and its composite material rotary friction surface coating solder method |
| CN101530947B (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-07-04 | 西安交通大学 | Method for preparing bimetal composite plate by stirring friction braze welding |
| CN102284759B (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-23 | 重庆理工大学 | Mechanical rotation semi-solid welding method for aluminum alloy and composite material thereof in atmospheric environment |
| CN102601475A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for removing oxidation film and brazing foamed aluminum through self-friction of foam walls |
| CN104175070B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-10-05 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of preparation method of thermal control aluminium-stainless steel composite pipe |
| CN105973500B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-07-03 | 哈尔滨万洲焊接技术有限公司 | A kind of method of nugget area temperature during solder subsidiary agitating friction weldering |
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