CN1209769A - 制造卡纸复合材料筒的方法,实施此方法的设备和此处所使用的复合材料 - Google Patents

制造卡纸复合材料筒的方法,实施此方法的设备和此处所使用的复合材料 Download PDF

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CN1209769A
CN1209769A CN97191891A CN97191891A CN1209769A CN 1209769 A CN1209769 A CN 1209769A CN 97191891 A CN97191891 A CN 97191891A CN 97191891 A CN97191891 A CN 97191891A CN 1209769 A CN1209769 A CN 1209769A
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edge
layer
edge strip
composite
tube
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CN1072103C (zh
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赫尔曼·本茨
彼得·菲舍尔
克劳斯·科森德吕
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Abro Weiden Hamel Ltd
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WEIDENHAMMER PACKAGE AG
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Abstract

卡纸复合材料制的罐头用的筒通过相邻层的聚合物涂层的焊接设计成气密的,其中为了焊接采用了一种线形聚焦的卤素光源。此外,在今后的焊缝区内可设一吸收卤素光并转换成热量的层。还介绍了用于实施此方法的设备和这里所适用的复合材料。

Description

制造卡纸复合材料筒的方法，实施此 方法的设备和此处所使用的复合材料
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分特征的方法以及具有权利要求10和12前序部分特征的实施此方法的设备。此外，本发明还针对具有权利要求15和16前序部分特征的此处适用的复合材料。
卡纸复合罐头通常由一个多层复合的筒、装在筒一个端面的底和一个盖组成。在液体密封和香气密封的情况下，在盖侧密封有一层封闭薄膜。
复合材料的组成取决于内装的物品和提出的强度要求。在液体密封的设计情况下，筒至少有一个纸层，在纸层内侧设金属密封层，通常设铝箔，在金属密封层上再加聚合物层作衬里。在筒的外侧至少设有另一个通常为厚的卡纸层，所谓屏蔽层，最后在它上面加构成标签的纸幅。这些筒可以设计为缠绕筒，它们由一螺旋形连续制成的缠绕管按长度截取。取代这种设计，筒也可以由复合材料的坯料通过成形为所谓平行卷制成。
在制造缠绕筒时，复合材料作为连续料幅按一个与螺旋形缠绕的螺距相应的角度缠绕在一个缠绕轴胎上。沿着连续料幅的一个纵边，边缘条与在它下面的已处于缠绕轴胎上的连续料幅段的边缘条粘结。这种缠绕筒不足以满足越来越高的气密性要求。在潮湿的空气中这种复合罐头的货架寿命也受影响。其原因在于，位于外部的和内部的纵边形成一敞开的截割面，所以穿过纸层或卡纸层经由截割面可能发生扩散过程。此罐头既不气密也不压力密封。由于扩散进水分导致纸或卡纸湿胀和层离。
这种扩散过程可通过所谓蟒蛇缝排除。按这种方法，连续料幅沿着以后位于制成的缠绕筒内侧上的那个纵边向外翻折成双层边缘条(US3716435)。处于相对位置的没有变形的那个纵边加热，所以在边缘条内的聚合物层熔化。在借助于缠绕机进行螺旋形缠绕时，被加热的边缘条缠绕在另一个纵边处双层的外层上，以及它的在里面的被加热聚合物层与双层上的外聚合物层焊接。然后在这种缠绕筒上至少缠绕另一个卡纸层。因此排除了由内向外或由外向里发生扩散过程的可能性，因为筒的内侧没有自由的截割面，而代之以具有一个连续的封闭的聚合物层。因此这种缠绕筒的密封性基本上仅取决于焊缝的质量。这种蟒蛇缝也设在由坯料到成品筒的所谓平行卷中。
由于夹入铝箔，所以其优点是能非常方便地操纵的高频焊不能用于焊接聚合物层。因此至今仅仅采用热空气，借助于喷嘴将热空气输送到接缝处(US 3716435)。但这样做只可能是一种不良的局部温度集中。当热空气冲击在连续料幅上时还朝侧向偏转，所以加热了比较宽的条状区。此外，在螺旋形缠绕时热空气必须在连续料幅缠绕在缠绕轴胎上去之前不久从下面吹在此连续料幅上，从而进一步增强了热量向相邻区的漂移。因此聚合物层不仅在所期望的接缝处熔化，而且在边缘区也熔化。最后，在接缝处的温度仅能低水平地控制，所以在有些情况下聚合物熔体过度软化和滑移，并有可能到达缠绕轴胎上并保持附着在那里。类似的情况发生在用红外辐射加热时，在这里同样只能有不充分的温度控制。此外，连续料幅在一个过大的区域吸纳了过多的热量，而焊缝的冷却过于缓慢。由于有缺陷的热量传输及其不良的控制可能性，料幅速度受到限制并因而产量亦即每单位时间能制造的筒的数量受到限制。最后，由于严重的热分散和热损失，所以能量消耗量很大。
从权利要求1前序部分所述方法出发，本发明的目的是获得一种无可指摘的严格限定的焊缝，与此同时减少焊接过程必须的能量。
按本发明此目的采取下列措施达到，即，边缘条借助于平行于构成此边缘条边界的纵边线形聚焦的卤素光加热。
应用卤素辐射源作为各种工艺过程的热源，如胶粘剂的干燥、胶凝化、活化等是已知的。但是这些辐射源仅用作表面辐射源以及没有用于塑料焊接。在按本发明的方法中，令人吃惊地证实，线形聚焦的卤素光可以充分加热复合材料的聚合物层。由此又提供了这种可能性，即用复合材料制造筒，其中，在缠绕筒互相搭接的纵边之间的焊缝可以设计得非常窄，并能制成完美的和密封的连接。焊缝的宽度可通过相应地聚焦调整，也就是说焊缝可以很准确地限定。众所周知，卤素辐射源特别便宜，以及射线命中点处的温度可以很容易调整。消耗的能量少。因为在焊缝区内的热量几乎没有转移，也就是说焊缝迅速地重新冷却，所以可以达到高的按件计算的产量。借助于热空气是不可能做到这一点的，因为放出的热量很大。通过加热作用可以非常准确地限制在焊缝上，所以除焊缝之外的聚合物层不受影响或根本不受损害。
在缠绕法的情况下，连续料幅最好从外侧亦即从纸侧来照射。因为通常使用再循环纸，因此它有灰色或褐色，所以纸层起不良热辐射源和不良热导体的作用。热量穿过纸并到达铝箔上，鉴于其良好的导热性，铝箔将热量进一步直接传送给聚合物层。热量的侧向扩散十分有限，所以温度朝侧向迅速下降，以及焊缝区或密封区限制得很狭窄。
在用一个坯料缠绕成筒时，热量的供给必须从卷的内侧方向进行。
若复合材料的材料条至少在面朝卤素光的一侧和至少在要加热的边缘条内设一光吸收层，则进一步改善了能量利用或节约能量并与此同时更好地将供给的热量集中在焊缝区上。
此光吸收层可以涂覆在与焊缝的宽度相应的宽度上。所以进一步改善了在焊缝区内光能转变为热能。
光吸收层最好是深色的尤其是黑色的痕迹。因为以后要用外部的卡纸层将它覆盖，所以这样做没有什么影响。
对于缠绕法，最好采用复合材料的连续料幅作为材料条，它在轴胎上螺旋形地缠绕成缠绕管，由缠绕管截取所需长度的筒。
取代这一做法，也可以采用复合材料的矩形坯料作为材料条，坯料沿其一个方向的尺寸大约相当于筒的长度并在型芯上成形以构成筒。
在最后所说的那种方法中最好规定，为构成用于坯料的复合材料，使大约等宽的层按这样的方式彼此错开地组合，即，它们沿着以后要连接的边缘条鳞片状地排列，当在型芯上成形时一个层的两个纵边大体齐平地互相对接，在此期间供给这样宽度的金属密封层，即，它在一个边缘条处翻折成双层并在型芯上成形时放在另一个边缘条的内侧上，以及此双层的折叠边在成形后竖直，事先位于其下面的边缘条的聚合物层借助于卤素光加热，接着此双层的折叠边可以翻转到已加热的聚合物层上。
因此按此方法获得一个筒，其中在接缝区只有密封层是双层的。
本发明还涉及一种制造缠绕筒的具有权利要求10前序部分特征的设备。按本发明这种设备的特征在于，加热装置是一个平行于未变形的纵边聚焦的线形卤素光源，其中，卤素光源最好布置在进入的连续料幅的上方。
此外，在这种设备中还可以规定，在缠绕轴胎前设有在进入的连续料幅上侧涂覆深色痕迹的装置。当然也可以取代这种做法，令连续料幅在其制造之际已经设有这种色迹。
此设备还可以如在先有技术中已知的那样至少有一个用于结束卡纸幅在缠绕筒上的缠绕的装置。根据强度的要求也可以在外面缠绕两个或更多个卡纸幅。
为了由坯料制造筒，设有一种具有权利要求14前序部分特征的设备，这种设备的特征在于，在型芯内部及其端部区设有用于竖直双层折叠边的装置，以及沿送进方向在它的后面设有形式上为平行于此竖直的折叠边聚焦的线形卤素光源的加热装置；以及，在卤素光源后面设有用于重新将折叠边翻转在已加热的聚合物层上的装置。
在这种应用场合卤素辐射源小的结构尺寸特别有利，因为它们有可能装在型芯的内部。
最后，本发明还包括一种连续料幅的复合材料，用于制造卡纸复合材料罐头的缠绕筒，其特征在于，连续料幅至少在其以后构成缠绕筒外侧的那个侧面，在一个平行于其一个纵边延伸的边缘条上有一光吸收层。
为了由坯料制造筒，提供了一种按照权利要求16前序部分所述形式上为连续料幅的复合材料，其特征在于，具有聚合物层的密封层的宽度设计为比其余层大，此尺寸超出的部分用于在一个纵边处形成双层的折叠边；以及，沿具有聚合物层的密封层另一个纵边的边缘条设有光吸收层。
光吸收层最好是一个深色的痕迹，它可以有大约双层折叠边的宽度。
下面借助于附图表示的实施例说明本发明。其中：
图1通过卡纸复合罐头的筒壁的纵剖面；
图2图1中细节Ⅱ的放大图；
图3制造螺旋形缠绕筒的设备示意透视图；
图4图3的设备略有修改的实施形式示意图；
图5由坯料制造筒的设备的示意透视图；
图6在型芯上开始成形时的部分坯料；
图7图6中的细节Ⅶ放大图；
图8图5中的局部Ⅷ放大图；
图9图5的局部Ⅸ；
图10图5的局部Ⅹ；以及
图11图5的局部Ⅺ。
图1中比例放得很大地表示卡纸复合罐头的筒1的壁横剖面。筒1可以有圆形、椭圆形或具有修圆的角的大体为矩形的横截面。因此人们称为圆的或非圆的罐头。筒1壁的分层结构主要取决于盛装物料的类型和所要求的稳定性。
在图1所表示的实施例中，筒1从里到外有一个气密和液体密封的内层2和三个彼此相继的卡纸层4,5和6以及一个外部的纸层或塑料膜层，其中最后那一层是印刷的或是可以印刷的并构成标签。按图1的筒1可以通过连续料幅缠绕制成，所以，例如，内层2由螺旋形并列的在区域8内搭接的料幅3组成。其中料幅3的一个纵边向外翻转成双层，形成了内层9和外层10，并与料幅3相邻层的未变形边缘条11连接，所以覆盖住料幅3两层的截割面12、13。卡纸料幅4、5和6以及必要时还有纸幅7以相同的方式螺旋形地缠绕在内层2上。在层4、5、6和7中无需保留如在内层2中那样的交接位置。
如图2所示，内层2的组成部分包括一个外纸层14、一个连接在它里面的金属层15，例如铝箔、以及一个在里面的聚合物构成的层16，例如聚丙烯。此聚合物层16一方面满足在盛装食物时符合食品卫生学的要求，另一方面它与金属层15相结合保证必要的液体和气体密封性。因此，如借助于图1表示的那样，构成内层2的料幅3在搭接区内一个纵边处翻转成双层，在那里彼此叠在一起的聚合物层16通过热焊接构成一条气密和液体密封的缝17。
图3表示制造按图1的缠绕筒1的设备主要部分。此设备有一缠绕轴胎18。构成内层2的连续料幅3从缠绕轴胎的一侧进入，连续料幅从一个装在卷轴上的卷筒放出。从缠绕轴胎的另一侧供入构成卡纸层4、5和6以及外纸层7的连续料幅，图中只表示了两个连续料幅20、21。这些连续料幅已经互相重叠地供往缠绕轴胎18。连续料幅3、20、21相对于缠绕轴胎18的轴线成一个要制成螺旋形缠绕筒22的螺旋角地供入。此类缠绕技术是已知的(例如US 3716435)，因此无需详细说明。
构成内层2的连续料幅3在图中位于其前方的纵边23向上翻转成双层8，而位于相对位置的纵边24保持不变形。在此纵边24或与之连接的边缘条25上方设卤素辐射源26，它的光束线形地聚焦在边缘条25上。卤素光在构成连续料幅3的复合材料内转换成热量，从而使处于下侧的聚合物层熔化。它在缠绕轴胎18上缠绕到已敷设在那里的连续料幅段的双层8上，所以此在边缘条25下侧被加热并熔化的聚合物层与相对纵边23处的双层8在上面的聚合物层焊接。供热基本上限制在边缘条24上并因而限于在焊缝或密封缝上。由于采用卤素辐射源26，温度可以得到非常好的控制，所以在进一步的缠绕过程中接缝区可发生快速冷却。因此在制造连续的缠绕筒22时料幅可以高速移动。用作罐头的筒便可按长度从此连续的缠绕筒上截取。
采取下列措施还可以进一步改善温度控制和使卤素辐射源26的射线转换成热量，即，在边缘条25的上侧涂覆一种深色的例如黑色的痕迹27(图4)，其宽度与边缘条25的宽度大体一致或较窄。因此有助于将热量进一步集中在边缘条25上。此色迹27可借助于一个装在卤素辐射源26前面的喷射器或带压EP滚筒29和颜料盒30的压印器28涂覆在边缘条25上。
借助于图5至图11说明了另一种已知的工艺方法，用于由一个与筒的长度一致的坯料制造形式上为所谓平行卷的筒。设备有一长的型芯31，它的横截面与要制造的筒的横截面相应。在配料位置，坯料32被放在型芯31上，接着在型芯上成形并同时在型芯31上沿其轴向借助于传动链移动，直至制成的筒33在型芯31端部移出。为型芯配设一些相隔规定间距的压辊34，它们主要用于在筒33的接缝区闭合坯料，在图5中只表示了其中的几个压辊。类似的压辊45装在型芯31内部。
如图6所示，坯料32在成形过程一开始放在型芯上，所以在纵边38、39区的两个边缘条35、36互相搭接。为了得到一个尽可能少堆层的接缝，各层亦即纸幅或卡纸幅40彼此错开排列，所以它们沿边缘条35、36成为鳞片状并在制成的筒上它们的纵边互相齐平地对接。构成标签的外层41可以搭接地闭合。在里面的带聚合物层的密封层42在其一个纵边处超过另一纵边处的边缘条43伸出，并将此纵边向里翻转成一个双层折叠边44，以便构成如也在图1中表示的同样的蟒蛇式缝。
在层40与41之间加胶粘剂。坯料32的边缘条35、36互相重叠并借助于压辊34(图8)压合，与此同时双层折叠边44被放在位于其下面的密封层边缘条上。装在型芯31内的另一些压辊45保证从内部给接缝区加压。
下一步(图9)借助于一个装在型芯31内的但图中没有进一步表示的装置将双层折叠边44竖直，所以位于其下面的密封层42的聚合物涂层显露在外。在现在露出的边缘条内的聚合物层是染成深色的，例如黑色，也就是说有一深色痕迹46，其宽度约等于或较小于所期望的焊缝宽度。然后，沿送进方向(图10)，在型芯31内卤素辐射源47以一线形聚焦的光束平行于折叠边44对准色迹46。在色迹46区内聚合物层熔化。接着(图11)，双层折叠边44借助于内部的压辊45重新翻转，它的聚合物层与熔化的聚合物层焊接，从而封闭了筒33。经过一个短的冷却距离后，制成的筒33离开型芯31。

Claims (18)

1．制造气密的复合材料罐头的筒的方法，筒从外到内至少有一个纸层或卡纸层、一个金属密封层和一个覆盖此密封层面朝着盛装物料的聚合物层，其中至少具有聚合物层的此密封层在材料条的一个纵边处折叠成一个双层边缘条，沿材料条相对纵边的一个边缘条加热致聚合物层熔化，两个边缘条互相搭接地结合并通过聚合物层的焊接互相连接在一起，以及至少一个纸层或卡纸层搭接地放在外侧上及边端粘结起来，其特征为：边缘条借助于平行于构成此边缘条边界的纵边线形聚焦的卤素光加热。
2．按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征为：边缘条从以后构成缠绕筒外侧的那一侧来进行加热。
3．按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征为：边缘条从以后构成筒内侧的那一侧来进行加热。
4．按照权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其特征为：材料条至少在面朝卤素光的一侧至少在要加热的边缘条内部设一光吸收层。
5．按照权利要求1至4之一所述的方法，其特征为：光吸收层涂覆在一个与焊缝宽度相应的宽度上。
6．按照权利要求1至5所述的方法，其特征为：涂覆一个深色的最好黑色的痕迹作为光吸收层。
7．按照权利要求1至6之一所述的方法，其特征为：采用复合材料的连续料幅作为材料条，它在轴胎上螺旋形地缠绕成一缠绕管，由此缠绕管按所需长度截取筒。
8．按照权利要求1至6之一所述的方法，其特征为：采用矩形的复合材料坯料作为材料条，坯料沿其一个方向的尺寸大约相当于筒的长度，并在一型芯上成形以构成筒。
9．按照权利要求8所述的方法，其特征为：为构成用于坯料的复合材料，使大约等宽的层按这样的方式彼此错开地组合，即，它们沿着以后要连接的边缘条鳞片状地排列，当在型芯上成形时一个层的两个纵边大体齐平地互相对接，在此期间供给这样宽度的金属密封层，即，它在一个边缘条处翻折成双层和在型芯上成形时放在另一个边缘条的内侧上，以及此双层的折叠边在成形后竖直，事先位于其下面的边缘条的聚合物层借助于卤素光加热，接着此双层的折叠边翻转到已加热的聚合物层上。
10．实施按照权利要求1至7之一所述方法的设备，有一缠绕轴胎(18)，借助于缠绕装置按螺旋形缠绕筒(1)的螺旋角向缠绕轴胎供入复合材料的连续料幅；有一个设在缠绕轴胎(18)前面的装置，用于沿面朝缠绕轴胎的纵边将连续料幅翻折成一双层的边缘条(8)；以及有一个设在连续料幅(3)缠绕到缠绕轴胎(18)上去的位置之前的加热装置(26)，用于沿连续料幅处于相对位置的未变形纵边(24)熔化边缘条(25)上的聚合物层，其特征为：加热装置是一个平行于未变形纵边(24)聚焦的线形卤素光源(26)。
11．按照权利要求10所述的设备，其特征为：卤素光源(26)设在进入的连续料幅(3)上方。
12．按照权利要求10或11所述用于实施按照权利要求4至6之一所述方法的设备，其特征为：在缠绕轴胎(18)前设一装置(27)，用于在进入的连续料幅上侧涂覆一个光吸收层，例如一个深色的痕迹。
13．按照权利要求12所述的设备，其特征为：此装置是一喷射器或压印器(27)。
14．实施按照权利要求1至6和8、9之一所述方法的设备，有一型芯(31)，坯料(32)放在型芯上；有一输送装置，用于在型芯上移动坯料；有一些压辊(34、35)，它们将相邻层(40、41)的边缘条(35、36)互相压合在一起，其中具有聚合物层的密封层除外，它的边缘条互相粘结；以及有一个用于连接聚合物层的加热装置，其特征为：在型芯(31)内部和它的端部区内，设有一用于竖直双层折叠边(44)的装置，以及沿送进方向在此装置后面设有一形式上为平行于竖直的折叠边聚焦的线形卤素光源(47)的加热装置；以及，在卤素光源(47)后面设一用于将折叠边(44)重新翻转到已加热的聚合物层上去的装置。
15．形式上为连续料幅的复合材料，用于按照权利要求1至7之一所述方法制造卡纸复合罐头用的筒(2)，其特征为：连续料幅(3)至少在其以后构成缠绕筒(2)外侧的那一侧面，在一个平行于其一个纵边(24)延伸的边缘条(25)上有一个光吸收层(27)。
16．形式上为连续料幅的复合材料，用于按照权利要求1至6和8、9之一所述方法制造卡纸复合材料罐头用的筒(33)，其中，层(40)鳞片状地彼此错开并在制成的筒(33)上以其纵边互相大体齐平地对接，其特征为：具有聚合物层的密封层(42)宽度设计为比其他的层(40)宽，尺寸超出的部分用于在一个纵边处构成双层折叠边(44)；以及，沿具有聚合物层的密封层另一个纵边的边缘条设有一光吸收层(46)。
17．按照权利要求15或16所述的复合材料，其特征为：光吸收层(27)是一深色的痕迹。
18．按照权利要求15至17之一所述的复合材料，其特征为：色迹(27)的宽度大体与双层折叠边的宽度相同。
CN97191891A 1996-01-27 1997-01-27 制造卡纸复合材料筒的方法和实施此方法的设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1072103C (zh)

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DE19602892A1 (de) 1997-07-31
CN1072103C (zh) 2001-10-03
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