CN1208775A - 镍基合金和由镍基合金制成的焊接电极 - Google Patents

镍基合金和由镍基合金制成的焊接电极 Download PDF

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CN1208775A
CN1208775A CN98116301A CN98116301A CN1208775A CN 1208775 A CN1208775 A CN 1208775A CN 98116301 A CN98116301 A CN 98116301A CN 98116301 A CN98116301 A CN 98116301A CN 1208775 A CN1208775 A CN 1208775A
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nickel
base alloy
alloy
welding
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CN1082558C (zh
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A·布鲁伊里
J-B·库芬
R·科萨
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YOURI TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Aperam Alloys Imphy SAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033Ni as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/304Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B23K35/0266Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/055Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05Stainless steel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
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  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

一种适合制造用于焊接超级双相或超级奥氏体不锈钢的金属丝的镍基合金,其特征在于它具有如下化学组成,重量%:24.5%< Cr≤26.5%,13.5≤Mo≤16.5%,余量为镍、任选的一种或多种辅助合金成分和工艺所带入的杂质,该辅助合金成分选自氮,铝和镁。以及由上述合金制成焊接电极。

Description

镍基合金和由镍基合金制成的焊接电极
本发明涉及一种特别适用于制造用来焊接对局部腐蚀具有良好抵抗力的超级双相或超级奥氏体不锈钢的金属丝的镍基合金。
超级双相或超级奥氏体不锈钢是含有18-30%铬、至多7%钼和至多0.5%氮(重量%)的不锈钢。这些钢的特征在于其Pren系数=Cr+3.3×Mo+16×N超过35。该系数是表示这些钢耐局部腐蚀的一个指数,Pren系数越高,其耐局部腐蚀的性能越好。
这些钢特别是以焊接而成的板形式使用,以制造多种用于高腐蚀环境中的设备。这种设备例如可以是在炼油工厂中用于分离油和气的设备以及用于石油化学、化学或污染处理的设备。
为了使以这种方式制成的设备具有令人满意的使用寿命,该焊接必须具有足够高的耐腐蚀性。为了进行焊接,需由镍基合金,如含有约21%铬和9%钼,余量为镍、杂质和任选的少量次要合金成分的“625”合金制成电极。但是,这种技术不能获得耐腐蚀性与板一样好的焊缝。
为了改善焊缝的耐腐蚀性,有时采用由含有19-24%铬和12-17%钼,余量为镍、少量次要合金成分和由工艺造成的杂质的镍基合金制成的金属丝的焊接电极。但是,这种技术不能充分地增加焊缝的耐腐蚀性和稳定性。
因此人们需要提供能赋予焊缝有更好的耐腐蚀性和稳定性的由镍基合金制成的焊接电极。但是这种合金还能够很容易轧制成金属丝。特别是它必须具有足够的热延展性。
本发明的目的在于提供这种合金,它可以以焊接电极的金属丝或焊接填充金属丝的形式作用。
为此,本发明涉及一种具有如下化学组成的镍基合金(重量%):
24.5%<Cr≤26.5%
13.5%≤Mo≤16.5%余量为镍、可能的辅助合金成分和工艺所造成的杂质(该辅助合金成分可以是至多0.2%的氮,至多0.4%的钼和至多0.04%的镁)。
优选地,铬的含量为24.8-25.2%,钼的含量为14.8-15.2%。
该杂质特别是铁、碳、硅、锰、钨、铜、磷和硫。铁的含量优选地应保持在5%以下,甚至更好地低于2%。其它杂质的最大含量优选地应保持在下列数值以下:
C≤0.02%
Si≤0.1%
Mn≤0.4%
W≤0.3%
Cu≤2%
P≤0.02%
S≤0.02%
这种合金可以以板、锻件、管、金属丝或片的形式使用。特别是当它是冷拉的直径通常为0.6-5毫米的金属丝形式时,它可以形成MIG焊接电极或用于TIG焊接的填充金属丝,或者是非合成***电极的金属芯。当它是冷轧钢板形式时,它还可以用作用于通过焊接生产涂层的填充金属。
本发明还涉及用于通过TIG或MIG焊接超级奥氏体或超级双相不锈钢产品的方法。
下面将通过实施例来更详细地描述本发明,但没有任何限制。
除了以其为基础的镍,本发明的合金含有:
-24.5%以上,优选地24.8%以上,但低于26.5%,优选地低于25.2%的铬;
-13.5-16.5%,优选地为14.8-15.2%的钼。
选择这两个成分的量可以使Pren超过69,优选分析值为约75,同时可避免形成中间金属相,如在固化过程中的σ相。
足够高的Pren可以获得良好的耐腐蚀性。
限制形成中间相可以在良好的条件下进行热焊接并且使焊缝具有良好的延展性。特别是,可以通过在1200℃以上的温度下加热数小时而使该中间相处于溶液中,这对于在良好的条件下制造机器金属丝是必不可少的,或对于热塑性变形成型如轧制或铸造更为常见。
该合金还可以含有:
-0-0.2%氮,以限制中间相在焊珠中的形成,从而确保这些焊缝具有良好的耐腐蚀性和良好的耐久性;应注意在处理过程中没有特定的处理时,该合金仍然含有0.01-0.05%氮,但对于某些应用来说,应更精确地控制含氮量,特别是加入一定的量,使其含量大于0.05%;
-0-0.04%铝,以确保焊珠具有良好的致密性;
-0-0.04%镁,以改善热轧能力和焊珠的致密性;余量包括工艺所造成的杂质。这些杂质的量应有限,特别是:
-铁的含量优选地应低于5%,甚至更好地低于2%。当要用该合金来通过焊接在低合金钢制品上产生涂层时,更是如此,从而限制铁对与腐蚀介质接触的涂层的稀释;
-碳的含量优选地应低于0.02%,以避免在高热的焊珠中发生晶间腐蚀,特别是在进行多焊道焊接时;
-硅和锰的含量优选地分别保持在低于0.1%和0.4%,以降低形成σ相的趋势;
-钨的含量优选地应低于0.3%,以限制中间相的形成;
-铜的含量优选地应低于2%,以确保在制造机器金属丝的过程中具有良好的热塑性变形能力;
-磷的含量优选地应低于0.02%,以确保该焊缝具有良好的耐裂性;
-硫的含量优选地应低于0.02%,以确保该焊缝具有良好的耐热破裂性和良好的腐蚀稳定性。
具有该组成的合金例如以坯段浇注,而后再加热到1200℃达4小时以上,将其在金属丝磨上热轧,获得直径为5.5-10毫米的机器金属丝,然后将该机器金属丝拉伸到直径为0.6-5毫米。
由此获得的拉伸金属丝可以直接用于TIG或MIG焊接制品,如由超级双相或超级奥氏体不锈钢制成的板,也可以将其用于焊接由镍基合金,如“625”型合金制成的制品。
通过实施例和对比,制备本发明的合金A和现有技术的合金B和C,其化学组成如下(重量%):
  Cr   Mo   N   Al   Mg     Fe     C     Si   Mn     W     Cu    P     S  Pren
    A  24.8  15.0  0.12  0.12  0.012     1.8     0.01     0.06  0.06    0.05    0.01  0.004   0.001  76.2
    B  22.5  15.9  0.02  0.25  0.003     0.23     0.01     0.02  0.15    0.03    0.01  0.002   0.002  75.3
    C  21.4  12.8  0.02  0.10  0.008     3.2     0.01     0.05  0.22     2.9    0.04  0.008   0.001  64.0
利用这些合金,通过重新加热到1200℃达8小时再热轧而制成直径为5.5毫米的机器金属丝,并将其拉伸成直径为1.2毫米的拉伸金属丝。
将这三种金属丝来MIG焊接具有下列组成的8毫米厚的超级双相不锈钢板:Cr    Ni  Mo   N    C    Si   Mn   S     P    Pren25.0 6.3 3.7 0.25 0.015 0.34 1.0 0.001 0.012  41.2
形成V型接口(角度=70度),屏蔽气体为氩气,含有20%氦,焊接能量为0.7kJ/mm。所有的焊接均具有令人满意的外观,其性能如下:焊接  致密性    ZAT中最大  平均熔化  Tc划痕℃  KCV-50℃  Rm
 (ASMEⅨ)   的铁素体   区域Pren  ASTMG48A  (J/cm2) (MPa)A    可接受       60       69.3       55        184      864B    可接受       66       68.4       50        126      848C    1熔接失败    72       59.2       47.5       98      812
这些结果显示出本发明的金属丝A具有较好的耐腐蚀性,并且与现有技术的金属丝B和C相比具有更好的低温回弹。当在用于海上炼油的设备上进行焊接时,这种优越的性能特别有好处。
还采用金属丝A和C来焊接具有下列组成的15mm厚超级奥氏体钢板:
  Cr   Ni  Mo  W  Mn   N  Cu  C  Si     S  P Pren
 23.7  21.6  5.7  2.0  3.0  0.48  1.6  0.02 0.10  0.0005 0.016  50.2
通过MIG焊接,形成带根部的V型接口(角度=60度),焊接气体含有氩气+10%氦气+0.25%CO2,焊接能量为1kJ/mm。所有的焊接均具有令人满意的外观,其性能如下:
金属丝     致密性(ASME Ⅸ) 平均熔化区域Pren  Tc划痕℃ASTM G 48A KCV-196℃(J/cm2)     Rm(MPa)
    A     可接受     71.5     90     176     787
    C     可接受     61.5     75     152     736
与现有技术的金属丝C相比,本发明的金属丝A具有较好的耐腐蚀性,更好的低温回弹和更高机械强度。

Claims (11)

1.一种镍基合金,其特征在于它具有如下化学组成,重量%:
24.5%<Cr≤26.5%
13.5%≤Mo≤16.5%余量为镍、任选的一种或多种辅助合金成分和工艺所带入的杂质,该辅助合金成分选自氮,铝和镁。
2.根据权利要求1的镍基合金,其特征在于:
24.8%<Cr≤25.2%
14.8%≤Mo≤15.2%。
3.根据权利要求1或2的镍基合金,其特征在于:
0%≤N≤0.2%。
4.根据权利要求3的镍基合金,其特征在于:
0.05%≤N≤0.2%。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3或4的镍基合金,其特征在于:
0%≤Al≤0.4%
0%≤Mg≤0.04%。
6.根据权利要求1、2、3、4或5的镍基合金,其特征在于:
Fe≤5%。
7.根据权利要求6的镍基合金,其特征在于:
Fe≤2%。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一个的镍基合金,其特征在于:
C≤0.02%
Si≤0.1%
Mn≤0.4%
W≤0.3%
Cu≤2%
P≤0.02%
S≤0.02%。
9.冷拉金属丝或冷轧板,其特征在于它由根据权利要求1-8中任意一个的镍基合金组成。
10.焊接电极,其特征在于它至少包括一种根据权利要求9的金属丝。
11.用于焊接超级双相或超级奥氏体不锈钢或镍基合金的方法,其特征在于该填充金属由根据权利要求9的冷拉金属丝或冷轧板提供。
CN98116301A 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 镍基合金和由镍基合金制成的焊接电极 Expired - Fee Related CN1082558C (zh)

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FR9709132A FR2766210B1 (fr) 1997-07-18 1997-07-18 Alliage base nickel et electrode de soudage en alliage base nickel
FR9709132 1997-07-18

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AT (1) ATE318939T1 (zh)
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HK1018631A1 (en) 1999-12-30
ATE318939T1 (de) 2006-03-15
US6113849A (en) 2000-09-05
FR2766210A1 (fr) 1999-01-22
DE69833630D1 (de) 2006-04-27
CN1082558C (zh) 2002-04-10
CA2243207A1 (fr) 1999-01-18
EP0892076B1 (fr) 2006-03-01
EP0892076A1 (fr) 1999-01-20
JPH1190679A (ja) 1999-04-06
TW412592B (en) 2000-11-21
DE69833630T2 (de) 2006-08-10
FR2766210B1 (fr) 1999-08-20
KR19990013950A (ko) 1999-02-25

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