CN1207873A - 一种秸秆饲料发酵工艺 - Google Patents
一种秸秆饲料发酵工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种秸秆饲料发酵工艺,工艺包括酵母菌种的制备、乳酸菌种的制备、仿生菌群X种的制备及秸秆饲料的发酵,将活化增值后的酵母菌、乳酸菌、仿生菌群X加入到含有水、玉米面的农作物秸秆粉中发酵制得高营养秸秆发酵饲料。本发明的工艺,应用现代生物工程和仿生学原理,对农作物秸秆进行发酵处理,可以从根本上缓解人畜争粮的矛盾,也从根本上解决了秸秆加工技术上的局限。因而该工艺具有很好的推广使用价值。
Description
本发明涉及一种生物工程技术,具体地说是一种利用多菌种发酵生产秸杆饲料工艺。
当前对秸杆进行处理生产饲料的方法主要有青贮、氨化、生物发酵三种方法。
由于青贮法要在农作物成熟前取其茎杆,以减少甚至牺牲粮食产量为代价,在当前可耕地面积不断减少、人畜争粮矛盾日益尖锐的条件下,要大面积的推广应用几乎是不可能的,而且青贮法的前期投资较大,其饲料中维生素D的含量特别低,这样就限制了它的发展。
氨化法生产饲料,虽然它比青贮法前进了一步,可以提高饲料的粗蛋白含量,但由于其技术要求较高(尤其是用液氨),而且存在与农业争肥的矛盾,其饲料本身又存有潜在的毒性(氨化饲料中含有未被利用的氨,牲畜采食过多会引起氨中毒),因此,氨化法饲料生产在实际应用中也存在很大的局限性。
本发明的微生物秸杆发酵饲料新工艺,是应用现代生物工程和仿生学原理,利用多元菌种对秸杆进行发酵生产高营养秸杆饲料的生产工艺,可从根本上缓解人畜争粮的矛盾,也从根本上解决了秸秆加工技术上的局限,为建立现代节粮型高效农牧业打下了坚实的基础。
用该工艺加工而成的秸杆饲料,其粗纤维含量可降低15个百分点,粗蛋白含量可增加8个百分点,其它微量元素及糖、酸、酯、维生素等成份都有大幅度提高。口味酸甜、醇香,适口性有了根本的改变。
本发明的秸杆饲料发酵工艺包括酵母菌种的制备、乳酸菌种的制备、仿生菌群X菌种的制备及秸杆饲料的发酵,饲料的生产是将活化增值的酵母菌、乳酸菌、仿生菌群X加入到含有水、玉米面的农作物秸杆中发酵制得高营养秸杆发酵饲料。
在本发明的秸杆饲料发酵工艺中
(1)酵母原菌的制备:是将初级酵母菌原菌经活化培养成斜面菌种,再经液体试管菌种培养制成成熟酵母菌种备用;
(2)乳酸菌种的制备:是将乳酸菌原菌经活化培养制成斜面菌种,再经液体试管培养制成成熟乳酸菌种备用;
(3)仿生菌群X的制备:是由黑曲霉、米曲霉、木霉、假丝酵母以5∶3∶8∶6之比混合组成,再经活化培养制成成熟仿生菌群X备用;
将以上三种成熟菌按仿生菌群×∶酵母菌∶乳酸菌=5∶3∶2的比例混合,稳定2小时后,接入200克麦麸、250克玉米面、15克鱼粉中,混合均匀制成一级菌种备用。
在本发明的秸杆饲料发酵工艺中,秸杆饲料的生产是将一级种子加入100g红糖、5kg 35℃温水中活化2-3小时,将活化好的一级种子均匀地掺入粒茎<2.0mm的秸杆粉50kg、玉米粉10kg、水100kg中混合均匀,然后迅速装入发酵容器中压实密封,温度控制在30-40℃,发酵10-15天即可。
实施例:
以下是本发明工艺的具体实施例:
一、培养基的制备:
酵母菌、乳酸菌、仿生菌群X的基础培养基选用米曲汁培养基。
1、米曲汁的制备:
取小米500g淘净,加入6×500g水,常压下蒸40分钟呈粥状,待冷至65℃左右加入500g大米黄曲,于65℃保温糖化2-4小时,然后过滤,取上清液,即为米曲汁。
2、酵母菌培养基的制备:
(1)、斜面培养基:
取米曲汁500ml,盛入1000ml烧杯中,按1.6%的比例加入琼脂8g,将烧杯放入电炉上加热,注意在加热过程中要对米曲汁不断搅拌,待琼脂完全溶化后,关掉电炉,将米曲汁倒入分液漏斗,然后以每支6ml为量,分别倒入15×150mm的试管中(注意试管预先要洗净、凉干,塞好棉塞),预计可装100支。然后塞上棉塞,放入高压灭菌锅中高压灭菌,趁热摆成斜面,倾角在25°-30°为宜,待凝固后放入培养箱中考验三天(28℃),然后将表面无菌苔及暗斑的斜面挑出,放入冰箱备用。
(2)、液体培养基:
A、将20×200mm的大试管洗净凉干,塞上棉塞烘干备用;
B、酵母菌液体培养基的制备;称取牛肉膏6克,蛋白胨10克用温水溶解后加入到盛有米曲汁2000mml的大烧杯中,搅拌均匀,然后分别加入到40支20×200mml的大试管中,塞好棉塞于121℃下灭菌备用。
3.乳酸菌培养基的制备
(1)斜面培养基:与酵母斜面培养基的制备相同。
(2)液体培养基:取米曲汁1000ml,加入牛肉膏3g,蛋白胨5g,混合后装入20×200mm的大试管,灌装灭菌操作与酵母菌液体培养基的操作相同。
4、仿生菌X培养基的制备:
用米曲汁培养基加1%的食盐,控制PH=7.0。
5.合成稳定培养基:
麸皮 81
玉米粉 11.5
鱼粉 5
葡萄糖 2
硫酸钠 0.5
二、成熟菌种的制备:
①成熟酵母菌种的制备:(时间约5天左右)。
三、一级菌种的制备:
将以上三种成熟菌按仿生菌群X∶酵母菌∶乳酸菌=5∶3∶2的比例混合,稳定2小时后,将其接入200克麦麸、250克玉米面、15克鱼粉中,混合均匀,即可装袋作为一级菌种备用。
四、饲料的生产:
将一级种子在100g红糖、5kg温水、35℃活化2-3小时,而后将粒度≤2.0mm的秸杆粉50kg、玉米粉10kg、水100kg混合均匀,将活化好的一级种子均匀地掺入秸杆、玉米粉中,然后迅速装入塑料袋、水泥池、塑料桶等发酵容器中,压实密封,发酵温度控制在30-40℃,发酵10-15天即可成熟。
本发明的微生物秸杆发酵饲料新工艺,是应用现代生物工程和仿生学原理,利用多元菌种对秸杆饲料进行发酵生产高营养秸杆饲料的秸杆饲料生产工艺,可从根本上缓解人畜争粮的矛盾,也从根本上解决了秸秆加工技术上的局限,为建立现代节粮型高效农牧业打下了坚实的基础。该工艺和现有技术相比,具有设计合理、工艺简单、经济效益显著,因而,具有很好的推广使用价值。
Claims (3)
1.一种秸杆饲料发酵工艺,包括酵母菌种的制备、乳酸菌种的制备、仿生菌群X种的制备及秸杆饲料的发酵,其特征在于将活化增值后的酵母菌、乳酸菌、仿生菌群X加入到含有水、玉米面的农作物秸杆粉中发酵制得高营养秸杆发酵饲料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种秸杆饲料发酵工艺,其特征在于
(1)酵母菌的制备:酵母菌原菌经活化培养成斜面菌种,再经液体试管菌种培养制成成熟酵母菌种备用;
(2)乳酸菌种的制备:乳酸菌原菌经话化培养制成斜面菌种,再经液体试管培养制成成熟乳酸菌种备用;
(3)仿生菌群X的制备:是由黑曲霉、米曲霉、木霉、假丝酵母以5∶3∶8∶6之比混合组成,再经活化培养制成成熟仿生菌群X备用;
将以上三种成熟菌按仿生菌群X∶酵母菌∶乳酸菌=5∶3∶2的比例混合,稳定2小时后,接入200克麦麸、250克玉米面、15克鱼粉中,混合均匀制成一级菌种备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种秸杆饲料发酵工艺,其特征在于秸杆饲料的生产是将一级种子加入100g红糖、5kg 35℃温水中活化2-3小时,将活化好的一级种子均匀地掺入粒度≤2.0mm的秸杆粉50kg、玉米粉10kg、水100kg中混合均匀,然后迅速装入发酵容器中压实密封,温度控制在30-40℃,发酵10-15天即可。
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